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Folia Malacoligica Zeszyt 8-4 Vol. 8(4): 249–256 MALACOCENOSES OF THE VALLEY OF THE STREAM PIENIÑSKI POTOK, PIENINY NATIONAL PARK KRYSTYNA SZYBIAK Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznañ, Poland ABSTRACT: Land gastropod fauna of the valley of Pieniñski Potok, tributary to the Dunajec River, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in 1995–1998. Among plant communities Carpathian beech forest dominates. Forty nine species (42 in quantitative samples) of 16 families were recorded, Clausiliidae, Zonitidae and Helicidae being the most numerously represented. The density ranged from 106 to 253 individuals per m2, the dominants being Vestia gulo (Bielz), Macrogastra ventricosa (Drap.), subdominants Balea biplicata (Mont.) and Vitrea diaphana (Studer); dominants among litter species being Vitrea diaphana, Aegopinella pura (Alder) and Carychium tridentatum (Risso). These species are the most typical and indicative of the malacocenosis of the Carpathian beech forest. The malacocenosis is multicomponent, polymictic (TDI = 0.93). Simpson’s diversity index is high (I = 0.065). KEY WORDS: Pieniny National Park, terrestrial gastropods, density, dominance, frequency, species diversity, ecological groups, zoogeographic elements INTRODUCTION The stream Pieniñski Potok is located in the -Trifolietum. This part of the valley is below referred Pieniny National Park, at the bottom of a valley sep- to as locality 1. The mid part – locality 2 – is covered arating the mountains Pieninki from the massif of by Fagetum carpathicum (Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum) Trzy Korony. Its sources are located below the Chwa³a typicum. On the left bank, there are fragments of Bogu pass. The stream is 2.5 km long and falls into the Carici-Fagetum. In the mid part of the valley, there is Dunajec river next to a fluviatile fan overgrown with a also a community of Petasitetum albi. The lower sec- Carpathian alder forest Alnetum incanae. tion of the valley – locality3–iscovered, besides the The dominant plant community of the valley bot- Carpathian beech forest, by a sycamore forest tom is Carpathian beech forest, typical variant Phylitido-Aceretum, patches of Carici-Fagetum, and at Fagetum carpathicum (Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum) the mouth of the stream there grows Carpathian al- typicum. The sources of the stream and its upper sec- der forest Alnetum incanae. tion are located within a patch of Carpathian beech Land gastropods of the valley of the stream forest, poor variant – Fagetum carpathicum (Dentario Pieniñski Potok were studied qualitatively and quanti- glandulosae-Fagetum) oxalidetosum. There are small tatively in order to determine species richness and di- patches of eutrophic fen Valeriano-Caricetum flavae versity and the structure of malacocenosis on the and a thermophilous Pieniny meadow Anthylli- background of the plant communities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies on terrestrial gastropods of the valley of material was collected at three localities: the upper Pieniñski Potok were carried out in 1995–1998. The (1), mid (2) and lower (3) section of the valley. Quali- 250 Krystyna Szybiak tative studies consisted in searching for gastropods in In order to characterize the malacocenoses I applied their possible shelters: soil, litter, moss, on plants, the following methods and indices described in detail in rocks, live trees and rotting trunks, under bark and DZIÊCZKOWSKI (1972), PIELOU (1974, 1976), KASPRZAK stones. Each collecting session lasted 90 minutes. & NIEDBA£A (1981), £UCZAK & WIERZBOWSKA (1981), Quantitative samples were taken with Oekland frame ALEXANDROWICZ (1987) and TROJAN (1992): abun- of 25 cm side. The samples were taken at random; all dance (total number of collected live specimens) and the ground cover plus superficial soil layer were density (number of specimens per 1 m2); dominance placed in a linen bag. A total of 16 samples added up (D): percentage of specimens of a given species in rela- to 1m2. The material was sorted under the tion to the total number of specimens. The dominance stereomicroscope. Only live gastropods were taken classes were adopted after DZIÊCZKOWSKI (1972); fre- into consideration; they were preserved in 75% ethyl quency (constancy of occurrence – C): percentage of alcohol. The specimens were identified based on the samples containing a given species in relation to the to- following publications: LOKEK (1956, 1964), tal number of samples. The constancy classes follow URBAÑSKI (1957), LIKHAREV (1962), WIKTOR (1973), DZIÊCZKOWSKI (1972); Q index which combines domi- KERNEY et al. (1983) and POKRYSZKO (1990). The no- nance and frequency indices and is used in order to sim- menclature and systematic arrangement follow plify interpretation of malacocenosis structure; stan- KERNEY et al. (1983). Division into ecological groups dardized index of diversity TDI; index of malacofauna follows LOKEK (1964, 1976, 1982), RIEDEL (1982) and diversity ADI; Simpson’s index of species diversity; Shan- ALEXANDROWICZ (1987). Zoogeographical classifica- non-Weaver species diversity index; equitability tion was adopted after RIEDEL (1988). (Pielou’s index), Marczewski-Steinhaus similarity index. RESULTS A total of 49 land gastropod species representing ventricosa, subdominants Balea biplicata and Vitrea 16 families were found to occur in the valley of the diaphana. There are 19 recedent species, the remain- Pieniñski Potok. The most abundantly represented ing species being subrecedents (Table 2). The diver- were clausiliids, with 15 species, followed by zonitids sity index TDI is high and amounts to 0.93 which indi- and helicids, each with 8 species. Representatives of cates a polymictic character of the malacocenosis. these families constituted 63% species found. Species Simpson’s index of species diversity is 0.065. The devi- from quantitative samples constituted 87.8% all taxa ation of actual from potential species diversity is found. The total number of specimens collected was 95.4%; thus the observed diversity is only by 4.6% 1,452; 557 of these were obtained from quantitative lower than the potential. samples. The species composition of the malacofauna Gastropods of the valley of Pieniñski Potok include is presented in Table 1. Species numbers in the table 50% of typically woodland species, very rarely pen- correspond to their numbers used elsewhere in the etrating other habitats (Fig. 1). Species occurring paper. mainly in woodlands but common also in parks, as There are no eudominants in the malacocenosis. well as shade-loving species, typical of very humid The dominants are Vestia gulo and Macrogastra habitats, sometimes even marshy, constitute 34% all Table 1. Species composition, abundance and dominance of terrestrial malacofauna in the valley of Pieniñski Potok Individuals Individuals No. Taxon in quantitative in qualitative Total D % samples samples Aciculidae 1. Acicula polita (Hartmann, 1840) 22 - 22 1.51 2. A. parcelineata (Clessin, 1911) 1 - 1 0.07 Ellobiidae 3. Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826) 66 - 66 4.54 Succineidae 4. Succinea oblonga Draparnaud, 1801 3 4 7 0.48 Vertiginidae 5. Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833) 1 - 1 0.07 6. Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805) 7 - 7 0.48 Malacocenoses of Pieniñski Potok 251 Pupillidae 7. Argna bielzi (Rossmässler, 1859) 5 - 5 0.34 Valloniidae 8. Acanthinula aculeata (O. F. Müller, 1774) 10 - 10 0.69 Enidae 9. Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801) 4 12 16 1.10 Endodontidae 10. Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774) 5 6 11 0.76 11. D. perspectivus (Mühlfeld, 1816) 1 - 1 0.07 12. Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801) 4 - 4 0.28 Arionidae 13. Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) 1 1 2 0.14 Vitrinidae 14. Eucobresia nivalis (Dumont et Mortillet, 1852) 5 5 10 0.69 Zonitidae 15. Aegopinella epipedostoma (Fagot, 1879) 3 5 8 0.55 16. Ae. pura (Alder, 1830) 63 2 65 4.48 17. Vitrea crystallina (O. F. Müller, 1774) 13 3 16 1.10 18. V. transsylvanica (Clessin, 1877) 31 5 36 2.48 19. V. subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871) 22 - 22 1.52 20. V. diaphana (Studer, 1820) 96 - 96 6.61 21. Oxychilus orientalis (Clessin, 1887) 4 34 38 2.62 22. Daudebardia rufa (Draparnaud, 1805) 6 1 7 0.48 Euconulidae 23. Euconulus fulvus (O. F. Müller, 1774) 4 3 7 0.48 Clausiliidae 24. Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803) - 42 42 2.89 25. C. orthostoma (Menke, 1830) 1 10 11 0.76 26. Ruthenica filograna (Rossmässler, 1836) 20 9 29 1.99 27. Macrogastra tumida (Rossmässler, 1836) 9 36 45 3.10 28. M. latestriata (A. Schmidt, 1857) 9 8 17 1.17 29. M. plicatula (Draparnaud, 1801) 4 50 54 3.72 30. M. ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) 11 182 193 13.29 31. Clausilia dubia Draparnaud, 1805 - 18 18 1.24 32. C. pumila C. Pfeiffer, 1828 1 - 1 0.07 33. Laciniaria plicata (Draparnaud, 1801) 21 18 39 2.69 34. Balea biplicata (Montagu, 1803) 36 72 108 7.44 35. B. stabilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) 3 6 9 0.62 36. Bulgarica cana (Held, 1836) 4 9 13 0.90 37. Vestia gulo (E. A. Bielz, 1859) 30 201 231 15.91 38. V. turgida (Rossmässler, 1836) 5 25 30 2.07 Bradybaenidae 39. Bradybaena fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774) - 10 10 0.69 Helicidae 40. Chilostoma faustinum (Rossmässler, 1835) 4 11 15 1.03 41. Isognomostoma isognomostoma (Schröter, 1784) 13 19 32 2.20 42. Trichia unidentata (Draparnaud, 1805) 4 8 12 0.83 43. T. villosula (Rossmässler, 1838) - 5 5 0.34 44. Perforatella incarnata (O. F. Müller, 1774) 2 7 9 0.62 45. P. vicina (Rossmässler, 1842) 2 12 14 0.96 46. Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) - 5 5 0.34 47. Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 - 25 25 1.72 Limacidae 48. Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 1 6 7 0.48 49. Bielzia coerulans (M. Bielz, 1851) - 20 20 1.38 Total: 557 895 1452 252 Krystyna Szybiak Table 2. Abundance (N), dominance (D), frequency (C)and Q index (Q) of components of malacocenoses of the valley of Pieniñski Potok, quantitative samples Locality 1 Locality 2 Locality 3 Total No. Taxon NDC NDC NDC NDCQ 1.
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