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Management of Potato Leafhopper and Maple Spider Mite on Nursery Grown Maples Julia Prado Beltran Purdue University

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Management of Potato Leafhopper and Maple Spider Mite on Nursery Grown Maples Julia Prado Beltran Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations Fall 2013 Management of Potato Leafhopper and Maple Spider Mite on Nursery Grown Maples Julia Prado Beltran Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation Prado Beltran, Julia, "Management of Potato Leafhopper and Maple Spider Mite on Nursery Grown Maples" (2013). Open Access Dissertations. 73. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/73 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School ETD Form 9 (Revised 12/07) PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Julia Karina Prado Beltran Entitled Management of Potato Leafhopper and Maple Spider Mite on Nursery Grown Maples Doctor of Philosophy For the degree of Is approved by the final examining committee: Clifford S. Sadof Roberto G. Lopez Chair Ricky E. Foster Ian Kaplan Michael V. Mickelbart To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Research Integrity and Copyright Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 20), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research” and the use of copyrighted material. Approved by Major Professor(s): ____________________________________Clifford S. Sadof ____________________________________ Approved by: Steve Yaninek 11/15/2013 Head of the Graduate Program Date i MANAGEMENT OF POTATO LEAFHOPPER AND MAPLE SPIDER MITE ON NURSERY GROWN MAPLES A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Julia K. Prado In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Cliff Sadof for being an excellent advisor, for his dedication, confidence, patience, and support during my studies at Purdue University. Thanks to his wife, Linda for her love and support throughout my career. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Ian Kaplan, Dr. Rick Foster, Dr. Michael Mickelbart and Dr. Roberto Lopez for sharing their knowledge and their valuable collaboration in my professional training. In addition, I would like to thank to my labmates for their great effort and contribution during the field season, and make possible the culmination of this project. To Purdue University and the Department of Entomology for give me the opportunity to improve my scientific background in Entomology and my capacity to conduct research. Thanks to proffesors, staff, and graduate students for their kindness and help me when I needed. I want to thank my dear friends for their time, love, and company, for help me to move forward and inconditional friendship. I would like to thank specially to my parents for being the unconditional support in every new opportunity, for teaching me to be my best self and for being an inspiration in my career. I want to thank to my amazing sisters for always being supportative throughout these past years, for their encouragement, affection, and patience. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................1 1.2 Fertilization Practices and Pest Outbreaks .............................................................2 1.3 Potato Leafhopper ..................................................................................................3 1.4 Spider mites ............................................................................................................8 1.5 Objectives .............................................................................................................13 1.6 Literature Cited .....................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 2. EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION ON ARTHROPOD PESTS OF NURSERY GROWN MAPLES ................................................................................. 27 2.1 Abstract ...............................................................................................................27 2.2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................28 2.3 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................30 2.4 Results ...............................................................................................................34 2.5 Discussion .............................................................................................................40 iv Page 2.6 Literature Cited .....................................................................................................44 Appendix A Survey ....................................................................................................56 CHAPTER 3. EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON ARTHROPOD PESTS OF NURSERY GROWN MAPLES ....................................................................................... 57 3.1 Abstract ...............................................................................................................57 3.2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................58 3.3 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................60 3.4 Results ...............................................................................................................64 3.5 Discussion .............................................................................................................66 3.6 Literature Cited .....................................................................................................70 Appendix B Impacts of Soil Fertilization on Characteristics of Red Sunset and Autumn Blaze Maples ................................................................................................... 81 CHAPTER 4. INTRAGUILD PREDATION MEDIATES HOST PLANT RESISTANCE TO Oligonychus aceris (Shimer) ON MAPLE CULTIVAR RED SUNSET (Acer rubrum) ................................................................................................... 86 4.1 Abstract ...............................................................................................................86 4.2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................87 4.3 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................89 4.4 Results ...............................................................................................................91 4.5 Discussion .............................................................................................................93 v Page 4.6 Literature Cited .....................................................................................................96 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY .......................................................................................... 106 5.1 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................110 VITA ............................................................................................................. 112 vi LIST OF TABLES Table .............................................................................................................................. Page Table 1.1 Damage by maple spider mite on maple cultivars in North Carolina nurseries and the abundance of leaf domatia (Steve Frank not published) ...................................... 26 Table 2.1 Percentage of the most common insecticide used by Indiana growers to control E. fabae on maple trees in 2008. ....................................................................................... 49 Table 2.2 Effects of early season and threshold on number of applications of different insecticides to control E. fabae on Red Sunset red maple trees in 2009 .......................... 49 Table 2.3 Effects of threshold level of potato leafhopper on number of bifenthrin applications per tree to control E. fabae on maple trees in 2010. ..................................... 50 Table 2.4 Percentage of maple trees treated with bifenthrin to control E. fabae in 2010. 50 Table 4.1 Mite species and life stages used in experiments to assess the capacity of N. fallacis and Z. mali to feed on prey in Petri dish studies using Autumn Blaze and Red Sunset maple trees as host plant substrates. Only one kind of prey was tested during each 24 hr period. .................................................................................................................... 101 vii
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