DOCSLIB.ORG

Dynamics of Nepali Migration: Assimilation with the Assamese Society a Study of Sonitpur and Tinsukia Districts of Assam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dynamics of Nepali Migration: Assimilation with the Assamese Society a Study of Sonitpur and Tinsukia Districts of Assam Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2011 Dynamics of Nepali Migration: Assimilation with the Assamese Society A Study of Sonitpur and Tinsukia Districts of Assam Monimala Devi 25 DDR College, India Abstract Migration is an ancient global flow contributing to economic development, and over the ages its form and impetus have changed significantly. Migration brings both qualitative and quantitative changes in the socio- economic and demographic characteristics of a region. Thus, it is now recognized as an important factor in determining plans for social, economic and political development, especially in developing countries. Migration studies have attracted much attention in the recent studies of the world as it has shaped human civilization all over the world. Although, migration has been reasoned for political, economic and various other conflicts, it is important to understand the dynamics of population change in the form of migration for resolving ethnic, religious and military conflicts across the globe. Assam had a long history of receiving migrants, however in the pre- colonial times the inflows were smaller and people assimilated more imperceptibly. The Nepali migrants who came during the colonial period assimilated into the host society and contributed to the social, economic and political development of the state. The Nepali migrants who came during the colonial period assimilated into the host society and contributed to the social, economic and political development of the state. The present study attempts to understand the Nepali migration from the historical perspective and at the same time comprehend the mechanism in the recent past in its transformative character particularly in the Sonitpur and Tinsukia districts of Assam. Their presence is attested through literacy evidence by about 1000 BC. In the Mahabharata, historical core of which probably goes back to the 10 th Century B.C. There are suggestions those Sino-Tibetans as Kiratas belong to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. The presence of Nepalis in the Northeast India (earlier Assam) has long history and their role in unification and economic development of this region is very crucial. But the real immigration of the Nepalis to northeast India began in early nineteenth century, 1817 to be 25 Assistant Professor of Economics, DDR College, Chabua, Assam, India 154 Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2011 exact, when their first direct contact with the region took place with the deployment of the Gurkhas in the Sylhet Operation as a part of Cuttack legion (Shakespear 1977:58-94). The Cuttack Legion to be known as Assam Light Infantry, after its permanent location in Assam, it consisted mainly of Hindustanis and Gurkhas. The expansion of British rule in India, the various expeditions against wild tribes of the North-East, the two world wars, large scale lumbering and clearing of jungles for agriculture and plantations, all of this required physically strong labourers like Nepali soldiers. A number of Nepali soldiers got the opportunity to enter into North-East or Assam when British came here to rescue Assam from Burmese invasion in 1826. The retired Nepali soldiers in India were engaged by the British for many non-military works like clearing of jungles, laying railway tracks and constructing roads, drilling oilfields and mining in coalfields, etc. In due course of time all these economic expansion activities helped a lot to accelerate common Nepali migration into Assam. Migration of Nepali people has increasingly appeared as an important theme in national politics and economies in South Asian countries. Recent studies in Nepal show that there are more than a million migrants out of a total population of some 28 million who live away from their homes and send back remittances to the tune of approximately $ 604 million (Borbora 2008). However, existence of Nepali settlements engaged in professions like agriculture, forestry, and allied activities like farming, etc, pulled Nepali migrants to Assam in a more pronounced way, and second only to West Bengal (Darjeeling and its greater adjoining areas) (Rai 2008:110- 38). These migrants found it easier to move into the already existing milieu of the Nepali settlers who were in fact brought by the erstwhile British rulers of India. This process of flow of migrants from Nepal, for the reasons discussed earlier, was very strong during the British era and continued unabated even in the post-Independent Assam. The unprecedented 82% growth of population during a period of 20 years, from 1951 to 1971, with a bulk of educated unemployment in Assam, accelerated the anti-outsider feelings within the host community. The impact of immigrants on the fragile economy of Assam led to conflicts between the communities. Thus, the population of Assam witnessed higher growth and that included both the growth of the indigenous population groups and that of the migrants of all groups. Moreover, flow of residents of other states of India to Assam also grew, albeit at a slower rate. Pre and post Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 was the history of movement of huge masses of people from East Pakistan and suddenly Assam was home to many, war and politically, 155 Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2011 economically and environmentally ravaged people of Bangladeshi origin. This definitely put pressure on the economy of Assam. This was followed by the Assam agitation of the 1979-1985. Though this movement was basically a movement against the unabated flow of illegal migrants from Bangladesh, it did incite displacement of Nepalis in some places of Assam. The policies of the state governments to restrict immigration of the Nepalis boosted their sentiment of foreigner. This fear may have been further intensified by the Gorkhaland movement in Darjeeling. In the recent times, multiplication of ethnic clashes, claim by the indigenous people to their roots and origins, political and economic reassertion of the ethnic tribes and groups have tremendously increased in the whole of north-east as well as in Assam. Besides, government intervention in the economic expansion was haphazard and could hardly absorb the already plummeting indigenous unemployed work force. Assam has one of the largest contingents of educated unemployed in India. Naturally, flight of capital caused by Assam Agitation worsened the situation. Therefore, these events along with lack of economic expansion or more because of economic stagnation of the economy of Assam during the decades of 80s and till mid 90s in the recent history of Assam, and in the post Indo- Bangladesh war, started acting as reasons for slowing down of the flow of the Nepali migrants from Nepal to Assam. Moreover, compared to the other sectors of the state economy, the situation of agricultural growth and development has been worse. Data relating to average agricultural productivity, rate of irrigation, multi-cropping, disguised or seasonal unemployment, etc indicates that agricultural reforms has not taken place in Assam. Thus the capacity of the agricultural sector to absorb additional work force has not increased and due to increasing growth of the population of Assam, pressure on land has also increased over the years. The riverine and forest areas, where the Nepali migrants traditionally used to settle down are already pre- occupied by either their ancestors or other groups like by the immigrants from Bangladesh. The present research work finds the forefathers of the current Nepali population in Assam as international migrants. From the survey conducted in Tinsukia and Sonitpur districts made it clear that the possibility of group migration in cluster is totally absent especially after the Assam movement. However, it can not be totally denied that at individual level on and off people from Nepal are coming either in search for job opportunity or for temporary settlement. But no official record of such migration is available and respondents are not confident enough to speak on that. The only cause of immigration, of which the respondents spoke openly of was migration caused due to marriage, the economic significance of which is very 156 Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2011 low . Regarding forced migration or displacement of Nepali people during the recent past no primary data was found. As assimilation is a logical follow up of migration, the paper tries to find the areas and degree of social assimilation with the Assamese society. An extensive survey in the 1000 sample households from 39 Nepali villages from two sample districts, namely, Tinsukia and Sonitpur have been conducted. The basic indicators considered here are marriage , costumes and ornaments , festivals observed , education , kinship , etc to measure the socio-cultural assimilation of the said community. In deeply stratified caste communities, migration can be seen as a means to move away from constraining traditional occupations. Economic assimilation of migratory community with the host society can be measured from the differentiation of occupational patterns between the host and the immigrant communities or occupational mobility of the migratory group over a period of time, duration of stay, etc. During the decade of 70s and till then, the Nepalis were mostly confined to economic activities like dairy farming, cultivation of various kinds of grains like rice, sugarcane or corn, pulses, etc. In the survey, it has been found that though, the dairy farming activity in Assam is mostly handled by the Nepali people, yet most of them have gradually adopted modern techniques of cattle rearing like rearing Jersey Cows and keeping cattle along with their own premises, etc. furthermore they have access to bank loans that has helped in their efforts to use modern techniques. Besides, there is also an increasing trend shown that maximum numbers of Nepali people who have moved spatially are now working in educational institutions as staff of different grades including teachers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Refinery Movement in Assam
    SPECIAL ARTICLE The Refinery Movement in Assam Ditee Moni Baruah Oil has played an important role in the politics of Assam he presence of petroleum in Assam was first noticed by and is a determining factor in the relation between the R Wilcox, an army man and geologist, in 1825. He found petroleum in the bed of the river Burhidihing at Supkong centre and the state. The right over the natural resources T near the coal bed. Following him several others also reported the of Assam has been an issue of contention between the presence of petroleum in eastern Assam. For instance, C A Bruce, central government and Assam in post-independence well known for his discovery of the tea-plant reported about India. The discovery of a new oilfield in Assam s everal instances of petroleum seepages at Makum in eastern A ssam. In 1837, Adam White, political agent of the East India immediately after independence led to conflicts not only Company (hereafter EIC) based in upper Assam, too found oil at between the Assam and the central governments, but Nampong close to the river Namrup. A year later Jenkins noticed also between the Government of India and the Assam several oil springs close to a coal outcrop near Borhat in eastern Oil Company and its equity holder, the Burmah Oil Assam. In 1845, S Hanny, commandant of the 40th regiment i nfantry and a professional geologist, reported oil seepages at Company, since there were moves to nationalise N aharpung. The area he identified was located close to a bed of minerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Brahmaputra and the Socio-Economic Life of People of Assam
    Brahmaputra and the Socio-Economic Life of People of Assam Authors Dr. Purusottam Nayak Professor of Economics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong, Meghalaya, PIN – 793 022 Email: [email protected] Phone: +91-9436111308 & Dr. Bhagirathi Panda Professor of Economics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong, Meghalaya, PIN – 793 022 Email: [email protected] Phone: +91-9436117613 CONTENTS 1. Introduction and the Need for the Study 1.1 Objectives of the Study 1.2 Methodology and Data Sources 2. Assam and Its Economy 2.1 Socio-Demographic Features 2.2 Economic Features 3. The River Brahmaputra 4. Literature Review 5. Findings Based on Secondary Data 5.1 Positive Impact on Livelihood 5.2 Positive Impact on Infrastructure 5.2.1 Water Transport 5.2.2 Power 5.3 Tourism 5.4 Fishery 5.5 Negative Impact on Livelihood and Infrastructure 5.6 The Economy of Char Areas 5.6.1 Demographic Profile of Char Areas 5.6.2 Vicious Circle of Poverty in Char Areas 6. Micro Situation through Case Studies of Regions and Individuals 6.1 Majuli 6.1.1 A Case Study of Majuli River Island 6.1.2 Individual Case Studies in Majuli 6.1.3 Lessons from the Cases from Majuli 6.1.4 Economics of Ferry Business in Majuli Ghats 6.2 Dhubri 6.2.1 A Case Study of Dhubri 6.2.2 Individual Case Studies in Dhubri 6.2.3 Lessons from the Cases in Dhubri 6.3 Guwahati 6.3.1 A Case of Rani Chapari Island 6.3.2 Individual Case Study in Bhattapara 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperialism, Geology and Petroleum: History of Oil in Colonial Assam
    SPECIAL ARTICLE Imperialism, Geology and Petroleum: History of Oil in Colonial Assam Arupjyoti Saikia In the last quarter of the 19th century, Assam’s oilfields Assam has not escaped the fate of the newly opened regions of having its mineral resources spoken of in the most extravagant and unfounded became part of the larger global petroleum economy manner with the exception of coal. and thus played a key role in the British imperial – H B Medlicott, Geological Survey of India economy. After decolonisation, the oilfields not only he discovery of petroleum in British North East India (NE) turned out to be the subject of intense competition in a began with the onset of amateur geological exploration of regional economy, they also came to be identified with Tthe region since the 1820s. Like tea plantations, explora­ tion of petroleum also attracted international capital. Since the the rights of the community, threatening the federal last quarter of the 19th century, with the arrival of global techno­ structure and India’s development paradigm. This paper logy, the region’s petroleum fields became part of a larger global is an attempt to locate the history of Assam’s oil in the petroleum economy, and, gradually, commercial exploration of large imperial, global and national political economy. petroleum became a reality. It was a time when geologists had not yet succeeded in shaping an understanding of the science of It re-examines the science and polity of petroleum oil and its commercial possibilities. Over the next century, the exploration in colonial Assam. Assam oilfields played a key role in the British imperial economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic and Demographic Status of Assam: a Comparative Analysis of Assam with India Dr
    International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS) A Peer-Reviewed Bi-monthly Bi-lingual Research Journal ISSN: 2349-6959 (Online), ISSN: 2349-6711 (Print) Volume-I, Issue-III, November 2014, Page No. 108-117 Published by Scholar Publications, Karimganj, Assam, India, 788711 Website: http://www.ijhsss.com Socio-Economic and Demographic status of Assam: A comparative analysis of Assam with India Dr. Soma Dhar Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Assam University, Silchar, India Abstract The status of various indicators like, Socio-economic height, representation of demographic, human development ranking etc. can give us a rough picture about our economy. Assam is one of among the eight Sister States of North East India. It is the land of hills, valleys, mighty river Brahmaputra. The paper is based on the secondary data. The broad objective of the paper is to highlight the various facts & figures of Assam and compare these with facts & figures of all India averages. The analysis of the data shows that, though in some cases the performance of state Assam is satisfactorily than the all India average. But in major other areas, the position and performance of Assam is not satisfactorily compared to the all India average. In case of various socio-economic, demographic, human development indicators Assam is far behind from India. Key Wards: Socio-economic condition, Demographic status, Human development rank, Gender development, Nutrition status etc. Socio-economic condition and representation of demographic, human development status etc. are some important indicators which help to measure the development level of any community or state. According to Afzal (1995) and Bose (2006) development of medical science has improved the longevity of human population at the same time there are strong and well documented associations between health and socio-economic and other factors.
    [Show full text]
  • 201 Role and Current Status of Infrastructure in the Economy Of
    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 9 Issue 9, September 2019, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Role and Current Status of Infrastructure in the Economy of Assam: A District level Analysis MridusmitaPatowary Abstract Infrastructure is needed for the up lifting of an economy. No country can progress without proper infrastructural facilities. Infrastructure development is required for the economic development of any country. In this paper, an attempt is made to make an assessment of the role of infrastructure (both economic and social) in economic development of Assam. The time considered in this study is 2016. In this study, a total number of 10 indicators are considered. Out of which six indicators are concerned with economic Keywords: infrastructure and the rest four indicators are concerned with social infrastructure. Under social infrastructure education and health infrastructure Infrastructural Development; is considered. Two indicators are considered for each education and health Economic Infrastructure, Social infrastructure. Economic infrastructure index and social infrastructure index Infrastructure were constructed using the Principal Component Analysis. In this paper, composite index is computed using principal component analysis and also the different categories of development is assessed which is classified under four heads- highly developed, middle level developed, developing and low developed categories respectively. The different categories were classified on the basis of the computed composite index.
    [Show full text]
  • Assam Development Report
    The Core Committee (Composition as in 2002) Dr. K. Venkatasubramanian Member, Planning Commission Chairman Shri S.C. Das Commissioner (P&D), Government of Assam Member Prof Kirit S. Parikh Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Member Dr. Rajan Katoch Adviser (SP-NE), Planning Commission Member-Convener Ms. Somi Tandon for the Planning Commission and Shri H.S. Das & Dr. Surojit Mitra from the Government of Assam served as members of the Core Committee for various periods during 2000-2002. Project Team Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Professor Kirit S. Parikh (Leader and Editor) Professor P. V. Srinivasan Professor Shikha Jha Professor Manoj Panda Dr. A. Ganesh Kumar Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research, New Delhi Shri Sanjoy Hazarika Shri Biswajeet Saikia Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development, Guwahati Dr. B. Sarmah Dr. Kalyan Das Professor Abu Nasar Saied Ahmed Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi Professor Atul Sarma Acknowledgements We thank Planning Commission and the Government of Assam for entrusting the task to prepare this report to Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR). We are particularly indebted to Dr. K. Venkatasubramanian, Member, Planning Commission and Chairman of the Core Committee overseeing the preparation of the Report for his personal interest in this project and encouragement and many constructive suggestions. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Raj an Katoch of the Planning Commission for his useful advice, overall guidance and active coordination of the project, which has enabled us to bring this exercise to fruition. We also thank Ms. Somi Tandon, who helped initiate the preparation of the Report, all the members of the Core Committee and officers of the State Plans Division of the Planning Commission for their support from time to time.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on Socio-Economic Status and Expenditure Pattern of Tribal Farmers
    International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154, Volume 13, Number 7 (2020), pp. 1623-1628 © International Research Publication House. http://www.irphouse.com A Comparative Study on Socio-Economic Status and Expenditure Pattern of Tribal Farmers Homang Chetri1, Raju Sharma2, Durga Devi3, Jayashree Bordoloi4, Bikram Pegu5, Debashree Kashyap6 1Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Missamari College, Assam, India. 2Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Gauhati University, Assam, India. 3Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Gauhati University, Assam, India. 4Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Tezpur University, Assam, India. 5Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Gauhati University, Assam, India. 6Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Gauhati University, Assam, India. ORCID: 0000-0001-9739-4840 (Homang Chettri) Abstract: both for their livelihood. We all know that more than 85% people of Assam live in villages where majority of them Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in Assam and it largely depends on farming. In Assam, the agriculture sector contributed over 19 per cent to state domestic product (SDP) has not been developed significantly. This has greatly affected in 2010-11. But the farmers are still suppressed class even the Tribal farmers of the state compare to other farmers since after seven decades of Independence. This may be for various a significant number of tribal populations lived in Assam. reasons. In Assam Majority farmers are from tribal population where their living standard is very low. So, the present study The tribals owing to their life style and community habits and reveals the Socio-economic Status and expenditure pattern of habitats have not been able to keep pace with the modern Tribal Farmers of sonitpur district of Assam.
    [Show full text]
  • M. A. in History
    Syllabi of the M.A. Programme in History under Choice Based Credit System, Department of History, Dibrugarh University. Semester –I Domain Paper Code Title of the Paper Credit Core 1 10100 Religion and Society in Early India (up to 1200 AD) 4 Core 2 10200 Society and religion in Medieval India 4 Core 3 10300 Social History of Modern India 1757-1947 4 4x3=12 Opt any Two Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) from Below DSE 1 104.1 State and State Formation in North East India (Pre- 4 Colonial DSE 2 104.2 Political History of Modern Assam (1826 – 1947) 4 DSE 3 105.1 State in India (Pre Colonial Period) 4 DSE 4 105.2 Constitutional History of India 4 4x2=8 Opt any One Ability Enhancement Skill (AES) from Below AEC1 106.1 Archive 2 AEC2 106.2 Epigraphy 2 2x1=2 TOTAL CREDIT OF SEMESTER I 12+8+2=22 Semester –II Core 4 20100 Economic History of Early India (Up to 1200 AD) 4 Core 5 20200 Economic History of Medieval India 1200-1750 4 Core 6 20300 Economic History of Modern India 1757-1947 4 4x3=12 Opt any one Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) from Below DSE 5 204.1 Society, Culture and Economy of Assam: From 4 Earliest Time to 1228 DSE 6 204.2 Social and Religious History of Medieval Assam 4 DSE 7 204.3 Social History of Modern Assam 4 4x1=4 Opt any one Generic Elective from Below GE 1 205.1 World Revolutions 4 GE 2 205.2 Society, Culture and Economy of Assam: From 4 Earliest Time to 1228 GE 3 205.3 Social and Religious History of Medieval Assam 4 GE 4 205.4 Social History of Modern Assam 4 4x1=4 TOTAL CREDIT OF SEMESTER II 12+4+4=20 Semester –III
    [Show full text]
  • Regions of Assam
    REGIONS OF ASSAM Geographically Assam is situated in the north-eastern region of the Indian sub- continent. It covers an area of 78,523 sq. kilometres (approximate). Assam – the gateway to north-east India is a land of blue hills, valleys and rivers. Assam has lavishly bestowed upon unique natural beauty and abundant natural wealth. The natural beauty of Assam is one of the most fascinating in the country with evergreen forests, majestic rivers, rich landscape, lofty green hills, bushy grassy plains, rarest flora and fauna, beautiful islands and what not. The capital of Assam is Dispur and the state emblem is one-hoed rhino. Assam is bounded by Manipur, Nagaland and Myanmar in the east and in the rest by West Bengal in the north by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh and in the route by Mizoram, Tripura, Bangladesh and Meghalaya. Literacy rate in Assam has seen upward trend and is 72.19 percent as per 2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at 77.85 percent while female literacy is at 66.27 percent. As per details from Census 2011, Assam has population of 3.12 Crores, an increase from figure of 2.67 Crore in 2001 census. Total population of Assam as per 2011 census is 31,205,576 of which male and female are 15,939,443 and 15,266,133 respectively. In 2001, total population was 26,655,528 in which males were 13,777,037 while females were 12,878,491. The total population growth in this decade was 17.07 percent while in previous decade it was 18.85 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Survey, Assam, 2011-12 1
    CHAPTER – I AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE Assam is situated in the North-East region of India – bordering seven States viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and West Bengal and two countries viz. Bangladesh and Bhutan. With a geographical area of 78,438 sq. kms. i.e, about 2.4 percent of the country’s total geographical area, Assam provides shelter to 2.57 percent population of the Country. Most of the State’s population lives in the lush and verdant valleys of its two major river systems in the twenty four districts of the Brahmaputra valley and the three districts of the Barak valley. The less densely populated two hill districts - Karbi-Anglong and Dima Hasao, separated the two valleys. For administrative and revenue purposes, the State has 27 districts including Kamrup (Metro) district and four districts under the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) areas viz. Kokrajhar, Baska, Chirang and Udalguri. Population According to the Census of India, 2011 the population of Assam stands at 3,11,69,272, of which 1,59,54,927 are males and 1,52,14,345 females. The decadal growth of the State’s population works out to 16.93 percent during the decade 2001-2011 as against 17.64 percent for the country as a whole. The density of population of the State has gone up to 397 as against India’s density 382 as per 2011 Census. The corresponding State’s figure as per 2001 Census was 340. State Domestic Product The economy of the State in terms of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at factor cost is expected to grow at the rate of 8.42 percent in real terms (at 2004-05 prices) as per Advance Estimates for 2011-12 as against the growth rate of 7.34 percent estimated in the previous year.
    [Show full text]
  • Assam Human Development Report 2003
    Assam Human Development Report 2003 Government of Assam © Copyright 2003 Planning & Development Department, Government of Assam Dispur, Guwahati - 781006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the Government of Assam Printed at Hindustan Offset Industrial Area, Bamunimaidum Guwahati. TARUN GOGOI DISPUR, CHIEF MINISTER GUWAHATI - 781006 Govt. of Assam Foreword It is my great privilege to introduce the first Human Development Report of Assam. Assam occupies a unique place in the map of India due to its strategic geographical location, natural beauty, rich bio-diversity and above all its very heterogeneous colourful population representing distinct culture. In spite of numerous problems faced by the State, it has registered considerable attainment in different facets of human development. Still it has to go far ahead. We cannot afford to remain satisfied with the present status of well being of the people of Assam. The State is presently facing tremendous fiscal crunch. We are to meet the challenges of furthering the quality of life of the people with the judicious use of limited resources we have. The State Human Development Report of Assam will present a profile of gaps in development process across districts. This report, I expect, will provide a fruitful agenda for the betterment of all segments of the population including the down trodden, the poorest of the poor. I do record my sincere gratitude to UNDP for its initiative taken in preparing the State Human Development Report of Assam. I am very grateful to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Assam's Traditional Community Food in Economic Self-Sufficiency: a Critical Study
    International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2020, pp. 1396-1398, Article ID: IJARET_11_11_126 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=11 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.11.11.2020.126 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ASSAM'S TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY FOOD IN ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY: A CRITICAL STUDY Chayanika Rajkhowa Research Scholar, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India ABSTRACT In recent times, the demand for commercial food has increased. Many commercial establishments have sprung up in Assam with the introduction of food for different communities. While these organizations focus on the demand side, they are sure to provide a wide range of food to different communities. Traditionally, the food system has changed to meet the needs of the day. In the business environment as well as in the domestic environment, food items at the micro level have become professionally important. Analysis of these aspects is discussed in the research paper. Keywords: Traditional food, Community, Community Food, Assam. Cite this Article: Chayanika Rajkhowa, Assam's Traditional Community Food in Economic Self-Sufficiency: A Critical Study, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(11), 2020, pp. 1396-1398. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=11 1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is particularly involved in the culture and economy of Assam. Agriculture has a special significance in shaping the cultural environment of different peoples of Assam. Farmers are the main source of livelihood and the main source of livelihood is agriculture.
    [Show full text]