Aufstieg Zur Weltmarke BMW Devient Une Marque Internationale

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Aufstieg Zur Weltmarke BMW Devient Une Marque Internationale Rainer W. Schlegelmilch Hartmut Lehbrink Jochen von Osterroth BMW—The Ascent of the World Brand BMW – Aufstieg zur Weltmarke BMW devient une marque internationale ood things come in threes: the Bayerische ller guten Dinge sind drei: die Bayerische Flugzeug- amais deux sans trois, dit-on, et la naissance de BMW Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW) aviation company, regis- werke AG (BFW), am 7. März 1916 im Münchener Han- semble confi rmer le dicton : immatriculation de la Baye- Gtered in Munich’s Commercial Register on 7 March Adelsregister registriert, die Umwidmung der Rapp Jrische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW) le 7 mars 1916 au 1916; the conversion of the Rapp Motorenwerke GmbH on Motorenwerke GmbH am 21. Juli 1917 in Bayerische Motoren registre du commerce de Munich, transformation de Rapp 21 July 1917 into the Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH; and Werke GmbH und ein Mann namens Franz-Joseph Popp. Motorenwerke GmbH en Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH a man called Franz-Joseph Popp. Popp, a qualifi ed engineer, Diplomingenieur Popp, K.u.K-Oberleutnant der Reserve der le 21 juillet 1917 et apparition d’un certain Franz-Joseph imperial and royal lieutenant in the reserves of the Austro- österreichisch-ungarischen Marine und Experte für Flugap- Popp. Cet ingénieur diplômé, lieutenant-colonel de réserve Hungarian navy, and an expert in aero engines, was in search parate, ist auf der Suche nach geeigneten Triebwerken für die dans la marine austro-hongroise et expert en engins volants, of suitable engines for the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy. Donau-Doppelmonarchie. Schließlich befi ndet man sich im recherche des moteurs adaptés pour la double monarchie After all, there was a war on, and Austro-Daimler had a con- Krieg, und Austro-Daimler hat einen Lizenzbau-Auftrag über danubienne. Mais le pays est en guerre et Austro-Daimler tract for the construction under license of 224 aircraft engines 224 Flugzeugmotoren zu vergeben. Rapp wird auserkoren, doit passer une commande sous licence pour 224 moteurs to allocate. Rapp was chosen—on the condition, however, freilich unter der Bedingung, dass Popp die Arbeiten über- d’avion. Rapp est choisi mais à la condition expresse que that Popp would supervise the work. Max Friz, an excellent wacht. Mit Max Friz – bei Paul Daimler in Stuttgart wegen les travaux soient supervisés par Popp. L’entreprise recrute mechanical engineer, joined the company at this time, having einer abgewiesenen Gehaltserhöhungs-Forderung von alors un ingénieur extrêmement compétent spécialisé dans quit Paul Daimler of Stuttgart because of the latter’s refusal 50 Reichsmark gegangen – tritt ein hervorragender Motoren- les moteurs : Max Friz, qui a quitté Paul Daimler à Stuttgart, to increase Friz’s salary by 50 reichsmarks. Popp’s support Ingenieur in die Firma ein. Popp fördert ihn derart, dass Karl ce dernier ayant refusé d’accéder à une demande d’augmen- and encouragement for Friz was so strong that Karl Rapp Rapp seine Entmachtung durch das Duo befürchtet. Er zieht tation de salaire de 50 reichsmarks. Popp le soutient telle- started to fear that he would be usurped by the duo. So he sich kurzerhand auf sein Altenteil zurück. Popp übernimmt die ment que Karl Rapp craint d’être dépossédé de son pouvoir made a snap decision to withdraw to his retirement cottage. par le duo et prend rapidement sa retraite. Popp reprend Popp took over the company, and in October 1917 had the la direction de l’entreprise et, en octobre 1917, fait breveter BMW trademark registered with the Imperial Patent Offi ce par l’Offi ce impérial des brevets de Munich l’emblème de la in Munich; the logo remains largely unchanged to this day. It marque BMW dont seule la police a été, depuis, légèrement symbolizes the rotation of a propeller, dividing the Bavarian modernisée. Il représente la rotation d’une hélice découpant state colors into four. A propeller, because the plans for the en quatre les couleurs de la Bavière. L’hélice est choisie car company’s vast range of products included not only agricul- la large gamme de produits prévus ne comprend pas unique- tural machines, land and water craft, and all kinds of engines, ment des véhicules terrestres, agricoles et amphibies mais but also the construction of aircraft. également aéronautiques. Friz soon developed a 220 bhp, six-cylinder aero engine Friz développe en peu de temps un moteur d’avion de that, thanks to an ingenious high-altitude compressor, lost 220 ch qui grâce un carburateur à haute altitude ingénieux ne only half of its performance at the oxygen-poor height of perd que la moitié de sa puissance à 6000 mètres, altitude où 20,000 feet (6000 meters). Because it was ideal for use in l’oxygène se fait rare. Cette innovation arrivant à point nommé war, this innovation resulted in an order for 600 engines. Now en temps de guerre se voit récompensée par une commande the Bayerische Motoren Werke had to allocate licenses for de 600 moteurs. Les Bayerische Motoren Werke doivent production, since their premises on the Schleißheimer Straße maintenant céder des licences de fabrication car les locaux were bursting at the seams. In order to secure fi nancing, the de la Schleißheimer Straße manquent de capacité. Pour s’as- company was made a stock corporation, with Popp as its surer le fi nancement nécessaire, la fi rme doit se transformer General Director. Friz then produced an even better engine en société anonyme et Franz-Joseph Popp est nommé direc- that still provided 250 bhp at 10,000 feet (3000 meters). After teur général. Friz développe un nouveau moteur amélioré qui the war, 3500 employees at BMW lost their employment, a encore une puissance de 250 ch à 3000 mètres d’altitude. since the Treaty of Versailles forbade the construction of aero La fi n de la guerre prive les désormais 3500 collaborateurs engines and airplanes. BMW managed to stay afl oat with a de BMW de leur base de travail, le traité de Versailles inter- contract from Knorr-Bremse AG, Berlin, to provide brakes for disant la fabrication de moteurs d’avion et d’appareils aéro- the Bavarian railway. Far from being discouraged, Popp and nautiques. Une commande passée par la fi rme berlinoise Friz quietly carried on with their developments. So there was Knorr-Bremse AG pour des circuits de freinage destinés à really no need to ask which engine set a new record height Registration of the BMW trademark at the Imperial l’administration des chemins de fer bavarois, maintient l’en- Patent Offi ce in Munich. The year is 1917. of 32,021 feet (9760 meters) on 19 July 1919 from Munich’s treprise hors de l’eau. Popp et Friz ne se laissent pas décou- Oberwiesenfeld. rager et poursuivent leurs recherches dans le plus grand Eintrag des BMW-Firmenzeichens beim Kaiserlichen In 1922, Camillo Castiglioni, a fi nancier and banker from Patentamt München. Man schreibt das Jahr 1917. secret. Inutile, dans ces circonstances, de demander quel Vienna who had introduced Popp to Rapp, acquired the Bay- moteur parvient à établir un nouveau record en atteignant erische Flugzeugwerke (Bavarian Aircraft Works) for BMW. Inscription de l’emblème de la marque BMW à l’Offi ce une altitude de 9760 mètres en 87 minutes, le 19 juin 1919, au The so-called Bayern-Motor was created here—a sturdy four- impérial des brevets de Munich en 1917. départ de l’Oberwiesenfeld de Munich. 6 Introduction Wartburg Motorwagen 1898 n 3 December 1896, a bank consortium led by This vehicle was also known as the “Wartburg motorized en Bau von Militärfahrzeugen und Fahrrädern im Privy Councilor and Group Chairman Dr Heinrich carriage” because of its carriage shape. Depending on how Visier, gründet am 3. Dezember 1896 ein Banken- OEhrhardt founded the Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach AG many people were sitting on the coach box and the opposite Dkonsortium unter Leitung des Geheimen Baurats vehicle factory with the intention of building military vehicles bench, it could reach road speeds of up to 28 mph (45 kph). Generaldirektor Dr.-Ing. e.h. Heinrich Ehrhardt die Fahr- and bicycles. Dr Ehrhardt with his Rheinmetall Group was a There were alternative two-cylinder engines available: an zeugfabrik Eisenach AG. 1,25 Millionen Goldmark pumpt growing competitor of Krupp and was to pump 1.25 million aircooled design (479 cc, 3.5 bhp) and a water-cooled motor der fi ndige Unternehmer, der mit seinem Rheinmetall-Kon- goldmarks into the new company at Eisenach. The resource- delivering 5 bhp. Initially, the transmission only had two zern bereits Krupp Konkurrenz macht, in das Eisenacher ful businessman had realized the potential of the Imperial speeds, a third being introduced later. Werk, denn dicke Rüstungsaufträge winken. Sanitäts- und Army as a profi table source of major orders. Ambulances and The front suspension technology offered leaf-sprung Munitionswagen sowie Feldküchen – allesamt in größerer ammunition trucks, in addition to mobile kitchens, were all comfort, recognizable today, but a lack of rear axle suspen- Stückzahl – stehen auf der Beschaffungsliste des Berliner items appearing in large quantities on the commander’s list sion meant that passengers’ backs suffered. A single steering Kriegsministeriums. of provisions. bar was employed, a conventional steering wheel was only Aber auch ein ziviles Nebenprodukt fi ndet reißenden There was another product intended for use outside the introduced for the new generation of motorcars in 1902/03. Absatz. Ein Fahrrad mit Bergübersetzung und Kardan- battlefi eld being sold in large quantities. This product was This did not seem to affect the car’s sporty characteristics. antrieb – ideal für Fahrten hinauf zur Wartburg. Und so wird a bicycle with ratios designed for uphill cycling via a shaft “Wartburg” cars gained excellent double victories in the major dieses erste „Mountain-Bike“ nach dem ehemaligen Sitz der drive, tailor-made for cycling up to the Wartburg castle.
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