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Kentsel Dönüşüm Projelerinin Mekânsal Etkilerinin Coğrafi Açidan Analizi (Bursa Ili Nilüfer Ilçesi Ataevler Mahallesi Örneği)

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Kentsel Dönüşüm Projelerinin Mekânsal Etkilerinin Coğrafi Açidan Analizi (Bursa Ili Nilüfer Ilçesi Ataevler Mahallesi Örneği) T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ COĞRAFYA ANABİLİM DALI KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM PROJELERİNİN MEKÂNSAL ETKİLERİNİN COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN ANALİZİ (BURSA İLİ NİLÜFER İLÇESİ ATAEVLER MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ) SONER DUMAN (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) DANIŞMAN PROF. DR. SERHAT ZAMAN BURSA 2020 T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ COĞRAFYA ANABİLİM DALI KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM PROJELERİNİN MEKÂNSAL ETKİLERİNİN COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN ANALİZİ (BURSA İLİ NİLÜFER İLÇESİ ATAEVLER MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ) SONER DUMAN (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) DANIŞMAN PROF. DR. SERHAT ZAMAN BURSA 2020 ÖZET Soner DUMAN Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Coğrafya Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Serhat ZAMAN 2020 Xİ + 146 sf. KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM PROJELERİNİN MEKÂNSAL ETKİLERİNİN COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN ANALİZİ (BURSA İLİ NİLÜFER İLÇESİ ATAEVLER MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ) Kentler, var olduklarından bu yana mekânsal değişim ve dönüşüme uygun, canlı organizmalar olarak gelişimlerini sürdürmektedirler. Kentlerin dinamik yapısından kaynaklanan bu durum, insanoğlunun öteden beri yaşadığı mekânları, coğrafi çevre unsurlarına koşut olarak değiştirme ve şekillendirme gayesinin başlıca gerekçelerinden biri sayılabilir. 20. yüzyılda dünya nüfusundaki patlama ve kentsel nüfusta gerçekleşen artışla birlikte; planlama çalışmalarının yetersiz kalması, mekânsal sorunların baş göstermeye başlaması, kentsel alanları; mekânsal, sosyo-ekonomik açıdan yeniden canlandırma fikirleri; mekânın yeniden üretilmesi ve tasarlanması olayını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu süreci, genel olarak kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarının arka planı olarak ifade etmek mümkündür. Bu sürecin yanı sıra küreselleşme ile gelen mekânsal ve sosyo-ekonomik atmosfer, modern manada kentsel dönüşümün ortaya çıkışını kolaylaştırmış ve kentsel mekânların gelir unsuru olarak görüldüğü bir dönem yaşanmaya başlamıştır. Kentsel alanlardaki kapitalist peyzajdan da okunabilen bu durum, küreselleşmenin kentsel mekânlara bir armağanı olarak da kabul edilebilir. Nihayetinde bu çalışmada, ekonomik ömrünü tüketmiş ve zamana karşı direncini kaybetmiş, Ataevler Mahallesindeki konut alanlarının parçacıl olarak yıkılıp yeniden inşa edildiği kentsel yenileme uygulamaları ele alınmıştır. Araştırma, mahallede 2016 yılında Umut Sitesinin yıkımı ile başlayan sürecin, arazideki mekânsal ve sosyo-ekonomik sonuçlarını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Kentsel yenileme uygulamaları ile arazide meydana gelen değişim ve dönüşümü odağına alan bu araştırma, bilimsel araştırma yöntemi açısından nitel yöntemle tasarlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma, coğrafi metodoloji açısından ise kentsel coğrafyanın bilim dünyasına kazandırdığı bir bakış açısı olan kentsel morfolojik yaklaşım ile arazideki kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarını incelemeyi de amaçlamaktadır. Öte taraftan saha gözlemleri, mahalle sakinlerine uygulanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ve literatür taramaları ile araştırmaya yön verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ulaşılan bazı sonuçlara bakıldığında depreme dayanıksız dört, beş katlı içe dönük site alanlarının yıkılarak yerlerine sekiz, on katlı dışa kapalı çok katlı konut alanlarının inşa edildiği görülür. Bu durumun getirdiği nüfus artışı ile birlikte arazideki mevcut olgun nüfusun yerini, genç nüfusa bırakma eğiliminde olduğu tespit edilmiş, yenilenen binalarla birlikte ticari mekânlarda artış yaşandığı buna karşıt olarak kentsel yenileme uygulamaları sonucunda konutlar haricinde diğer kentsel donatı alanlarında herhangi bir gelişmenin yaşanmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kentsel Yenileme, Ataevler, Kentsel Dönüşüm, Bursa, Kentsel Morfoloji iii ABSTRACT Bursa Uludag University Social Science Institution Geography Department Master Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Serhat ZAMAN 2020 Xİ+ 146 pages AN ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL EFFECTS OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECTS IN TERMS OF GEOGRAPHY (AN EXAMPLE OF ATAEVLER DISTRICT IN NILUFER, BURSA) Cities continue their development as living organisms in accordance with spatial change and transformation since their existence. This situation which results from the dynamic structure of the cities could be regarded as one of the main reasons for the human beings’ efforts to change and shape the places they have lived for centuries in parallel with the components of geographical environment. With the population explosion and increase in the urban population in the 20th century, lack of enough planning studies, arising spatial problems and renewal of urban areas both spatially and socio-economically brought up the ideas of re- design and regeneration of the place. In general, it is possible to explain this process as the background of urban transformation practices. In addition to this process, spatial and socio-economic atmosphere that existed along with the globalization facilitated the emergence of urban transformation at present and a period that regarded urban places as an income started. This situation which could be understood with the capitalist landscaping in urban areas can be accepted as the gift of globalization to the urban areas. Eventually, this study discussed the urban renewal practices of residential areas in Ataevler District which depleted their economic life and lost their resistance to time and thus which were demolished and rebuilt. The research aims at revealing the spatial and socio-economic effects on the area in this process which started with the destruction of Umut Sitesi in 2016 in the district. This study which focuses on the change and regeneration that occurred in the area with urban renewal practices was designed with qualitative research method, one of the scientific research methods. In addition, the study aims at investigating urban transformation practices in the science world with urban morphological approach, a perspective which is brought to urban science by urban geography. Moreover, the study was led by field observations, semi-structured interview forms carried out with the neighbourhood residents, and literature review. Considering some results obtained in the study within this context, it is revealed that residential sites that were not earthquake-resistant with four or five floors and inward-looking were demolished and multi-storey, enclosed residential areas with eight or ten floors were built. It was found that with the population growth due to this situation, existing mature population had a tendency towards being replaced by young population and the number of commercial areas increased with the renewed buildings. On the other hand, it was revealed that there was not a development experienced in other urban equipment locations except for the residential areas as a result of urban renewal practices. Key Words: Urban Renewal, Ataevler, Urban Transformation, Bursa, Urban Morphology iv ÖNSÖZ Kentsel Dönüşüm Projelerinin Mekânsal Etkilerinin Coğrafi Açıdan Analizi (Bursa İli Nilüfer İlçesi Ataevler Mahallesi Örneği), bir yüksek lisans tez çalışmasıdır. Bilindiği gibi kent ve kentsel dönüşüm konusu, multidisipliner yapıları gereği birçok disiplinin inceleme alanı içerisindedir. Kanaatimizce insan ve mekân etkileşimini odağına yerleştiren coğrafya bilimi de, kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarını tetkik edebilecek felsefi temeli ve disipliner donanımı muhtevasında bulundurmaktadır. Araştırma, coğrafya ilmi ve onun uygulamalı alt bir disiplini olan kentsel coğrafyanın temel ilke ve yöntemleri ile incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırma sahası ele alındığında ekonomik ömrünü tüketmiş konut alanlarında, kentsel yenileme uygulamaları göze çarpmaktadır. Hukuki dayanağını, 6306 sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanlar Kanunundan alan bu uygulamalar, arazide parsel bazlı kentsel yenileme çalışmaları olarak gerçekleşmektedir. 2016 yılında Umut Sitesinin yıkımı ile başlayan kentsel yenileme uygulamaları ile mahalle, şantiye görünümüne girmiştir. Günümüzde yer yer kentsel yenileme uygulamaları devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir sürecin ürünüdür. Bu bağlamda bizlere coğrafya ilminin ilke ve yöntemlerini öğreten, yetişmemde çok büyük emekleri olan, her zaman desteğini gördüğüm kıymetli hocam Prof. Dr. Hayati Doğanay’a sonsuz saygı ve teşekkürlerimi arz ederim. Araştırma boyunca değerli katkılarıyla beni destekleyen ve bu zorlu süreçte tüm imkânları bana sunan, hocam ve danışmanım Prof. Dr. Serhat Zaman’a ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nilgün Zaman’a destek ve yardımları için teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Araştırma sahasının belirlenmesine yönelik fikirlerini paylaşan Doç. Dr. Ali Yiğit’e, haritaların hazırlanmasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Erol Uzun hocalarıma ve tez savunma sınav jürisinde yer alan hocam Doç. Dr. Namık Tanfer Altaş’a katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca yüksek lisans eğitimim ve öğrenimime katkılarından dolayı hocam Prof. Dr. Hasan Özdemir’e ve Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü Öğretim Üyelerine verdikleri desteklerden dolayı teşekkür ederim. Son olarak meslektaşım Arş. Gör. İbrahim Eşim’e, çalışma sahasında veri toplarken işimi kolaylaştıran Ataevler Mahallesi sakinlerine, Nilüfer Belediyesi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederim. Bugünlere gelmemde elzem fedakârlıklar yapan anneme de teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Soner DUMAN 2020 v İÇİNDEKİLER YEMİN METNİ......................................................................................................................... I İNTİHAL YAZIM RAPORU ................................................................................................. II ÖZET ......................................................................................................................................
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