[2015] JMSC Civ 179
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Lesson Plan Overview
Participant Workbook Lesson Plan Overview Course Asylum Officer Basic Training Lesson Asylum Eligibility Part IV: Burden of Proof, Standards of Proof, and Evidence Rev. Date September 14, 2006 Lesson Description This lesson describes the various standards of proof that are required in adjudicating affirmative asylum and credible fear cases. The lesson also explains the operation of the burden of proof in the affirmative asylum process. Field Performance Given a request for asylum to adjudicate, the asylum officer will Objective correctly apply the law to determine eligibility for asylum in the United States. Academy Training Given written and roleplay scenarios, trainees will correctly identify Performance Objectives which party bears the burden of proof and what standard of proof is required, and apply the law appropriately to determine eligibility for asylum in the United States. Interim (Training) 1. Distinguish the applicant’s burden of proof from the standards of Performance Objectives proof necessary to establish eligibility for asylum. 2. Identify the applicant’s burden of proof to establish eligibility to apply for asylum. 3. Identify applicant’s burden of proof to establish eligibility for asylum. 4. Identify types of evidence that may establish eligibility for asylum. 5. Identify DHS’s burden of proof in asylum adjudication. Instructional Methods Lecture, Discussion Student References Participant Workbook Method of Evaluation Observed Lab exercise with critique from evaluator, practical exercise exam, Written test US CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES – RAIO – ASYLUM DIVISION ASYLUM OFFICER BASIC TRAINING COURSE SEPTEMBER 14, 2006 ELIGIBILITY PART IV: BURDEN OF PROOF, STANDARDS OF PROOF, AND EVIDENCE AILA Doc. No. 19110711. (Posted 11/7/19) 1 Participant Workbook CRITICAL TASKS SOURCE: Asylum Officer Validation of Basic Training Final Report (Phase One), Oct. -
The Respective Burdens of Proof in Title VII Cases: Price Waterhouse V
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Akron Law Review Akron Law Journals July 2015 The Respective Burdens of Proof in Title VII Cases: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins Confuses the Issue Gregory T. Rossi Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Rossi, Gregory T. (1990) "The Respective Burdens of Proof in Title VII Cases: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins Confuses the Issue," Akron Law Review: Vol. 23 : Iss. 2 , Article 9. Available at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol23/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Rossi: Burdens of Proof in Title VII Cases THE RESPECTIVE BURDENS OF PROOF IN TITLE VII CASES: PRICE WATERHOUSE v. HOPKINS CONFUSES THE ISSUE In August, 1982, a prestigious public accounting firm, Price Waterhouse, ("PW")1 nominated 88 candidates for partnership. Only one candidate was a woman. Her name is Ann Hopkins. This Note focuses on her employment discrimination action against PW, which the United States Supreme Court decided on May 1, 1989. -
Trial Process in Virginia
te Trial Process In Virginia A Litigation Boutique THE TRIAL PROCESS IN VIRGINIA table of contents Overview . .3 Significant .MOtiOnS .in .virginia . .4 . Plea .in .Bar . .4 . DeMurrer. .5 . craving .Oyer . .5 Voir .Dire . anD .Jury .SelectiOn .in .virginia . .6 OPening .StateMent . .8 the .receiPt .Of .e viDence . .10 MOtiOnS .tO .Strike . the .eviDence . .12 crOSS-exaMinatiOn . .14 clOSing .arguMent. .15 Jury .inStructiOnS . .17 Making .a .recOrD .fOr .aPP eal . .17 tiMe .liMitS .fOr .nO ting .anD .Perfecting . an .aPPeal . .18 key .tiMe .liMit S .fOr . the .SuPreMe .cOurt .Of .virginia . .19 THE TRIAL PROCESS IN VIRGINIA overview The trial of a civil case in Virginia takes most of its central features from the English court system that was introduced into the “Virginia Colony” in the early 1600s. The core principles of confrontation, the right to a trial by one’s peers, hearsay principles and many other doctrines had already been originated, extensively debated and refined in English courts and Inns of Court long before the first gavel fell in a Virginia case. It is clearly a privilege to practice law in the historically important court system of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and everyone who “passes the bar” and earns the right to sit inside the well of the court literally follows in the footsteps of such groundbreaking pioneers as Thomas Jefferson, George Mason, George Wythe, John Marshall, Lewis Powell and Oliver Hill. However, this booklet is not designed to address either the history or the policy of the law, or to discuss the contributions of these and other legal giants whose legacy is the living system that we enjoy today as professional attorneys. -
Script for Pro Se (Non-Represented) Defendants
A SCRIPT FOR PRO SE (NON-REPRESENTED) DEFENDANTS NOTE: IF YOU PLAN ON ADMITTING ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE (CD’S, DVD’S, THUMB DRIVES, ETC) YOU MUST CONTACT THE COURT AT LEAST ONE WEEK PRIOR TO YOUR TRIAL DATE. Call 385-6441 Introduction Court begins when the judge comes in. The Clerk says, “Please rise. Division … is now in session. The Honorable … presiding.” After the judge sits, the Clerk will ask everyone to sit down. Exhibits Before court, if you have any pictures or drawings or any other evidence you want to show at the trial, you should give them to the court clerk before the judge comes in so she can mark your exhibits. You should then show them to the prosecutor. During the course of the trial, if you want to refer to your exhibits and have the judge consider them in the evidence, you will ask the judge to admit them as evidence. The Prosecutor may argue whether they are admissible, but it will be up to the judge to decide if they can be considered. When it is your turn for trial, the judge will call your name and ask you to sit at the Defense table. The judge will make some preliminary Preliminaries statements and give you a general overview of how the trial will proceed. The judge will ask the Prosecutor, who is a City Attorney if he wishes to make an Opening Statement .The Prosecutor’s Opening Statement Opening Statements will explain what the charge is, and how his evidence will support that charge. The judge will then ask if you, the Defendant, wish to make an Opening Statement. -
10.9 the Right to Cross-Examination
Minnesota Administrative Procedure Chapter 10. Evidence Latest Revision: 2014 10.9 THE RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINATION The APA guarantees all parties to a contested case the opportunity to cross- examine: “Every party or agency shall have the right of cross-examination of witnesses who testify, and shall have the right to submit rebuttal evidence.”1 The OAH rules affirm this right2 and extend it to include the right to call an adverse party for cross-examination as part of a party's case in chief.3 In the case of multiple parties, the sequence of cross-examination is determined by the ALJ.4 While application of the right to cross-examine is a simple matter in the case of witnesses who testify, does the existence of this right prevent the use of evidence from witnesses who do not give oral testimony? In short, is it ever proper to receive written evidence5 in contested cases, sworn or unsworn, offered by a party who fails to call the author of the written evidence. In Richardson v. Perales, the United States Supreme Court held that where the written evidence consisted of unsworn statements of medical experts, receipt of the evidence was proper.6 Perales involved a claim for social security disability benefits based on a back injury. At the hearing, Perales offered the oral testimony of a general practitioner who had examined him. The government countered with written medical reports, containing observations and conclusions of four specialists who had examined Perales in connection with his claim at various times.7 The reports were received over several objections by Perales's counsel, including hearsay and lack of an opportunity to cross-examine. -
The Changing Face of the Rule Against Hearsay in English Law
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Akron Law Review Akron Law Journals July 2015 The hC anging Face of the Rule Against Hearsay in English Law R. A. Clark Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview Part of the Evidence Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Clark, R. A. (1988) "The hC anging Face of the Rule Against Hearsay in English Law," Akron Law Review: Vol. 21 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol21/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Clark: English Rule Against Hearsay THE CHANGING FACE OF THE RULE AGAINST HEARSAY IN ENGLISH LAW by R.A. CLARK* The rule against hearsay has always been surrounded by an aura of mystery and has been treated with excessive reverence by many English judges. Traditionally the English courts have been reluctant to allow any development in the exceptions to this exclusionary rule, regarding hearsay evidence as being so dangerous that even where it appears to be of a high pro- bative calibre it should be excluded at all costs. -
Burdens of Proof Or Burdens on Truth?
the evidence, the defendant wins.” But if you think those rules are driven by truth- finding or fairness, they’re not. Rather, On Reconsideration they seem to exist for the sake of having a common framework on which every BURDENS OF PROOF stakeholder in the dispute can rely as pro- viding the terms of engagement. OR BURDENS ON TRUTH? Let’s look at this more carefully. Burden of Proof Why do we have a burden of proof? Why KENNETH R. BERMAN does it belong to the party on the left side The author is a partner at Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP in Boston and the author of Reinventing of the v? Is this a good thing? Is there a Witness Preparation: Unlocking the Secrets to Testimonial Success (ABA 2018). better way to do it? These questions are easy to answer on the criminal side. On the civil side, not so much. In a criminal case, the burden of proof is on the government, and it’s a heavy one. The government might have a strong case and great evidence to support it, but if the government fails to foreclose a simple doubt, that doubt, if reasonable, will al- low a defendant who committed a crime Two young siblings approach a parent. Only one can be telling the truth, but the to go free. “Tracy took my hairbrush,” says Alex. truth cannot be discerned from a mere This serves an important policy: “I did not. It’s not her hairbrush. It’s accusation and denial. Depriving a person of liberty is so destruc- mine. -
Appendix a ARTICLE IX—AUTHENTICATION Sec. 9-1
Appendix A ARTICLE IX—AUTHENTICATION Sec. 9-1. Requirement of Authentication (a) Requirement of authentication. The requirement of authentication as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient to support a finding that the offered evidence is what its proponent claims it to be. (b) Self-authentication. Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a condition precedent to admissibility is not required if the offered evidence is self-authenticating in accordance with applicable law. COMMENTARY (a) Requirement of authentication. Before an item of evidence may be admitted, there must be a preliminary showing of its genuineness, i.e., that the proffered item of evidence is what its proponent claims it to be. The requirement of authentication applies to all types of evidence, including writings, sound recordings, electronically stored information, real evidence such as a weapon used in the commission of a crime, demonstrative evidence such as a photograph depicting an accident scene, and the like. E.g., State v. Bruno, 236 Conn. 514, 551, 673 A.2d 1117 (1996) (real evidence); Shulman v. Shulman, 150 Conn. 651, 657, 193 A.2d 525 (1963) (documentary evidence); State v. Lorain, 141 Conn. 694, 700–701, 109 A.2d 504 (1954) (sound recordings); Hurlburt v. Bussemey, 101 Conn. 406, 414, 126 A. 273 (1924) (demonstrative evidence). The category of evidence known as electronically stored information can take various forms. It includes, by way of example only, e-mails, Internet website postings, text messages and “chat room” content, computer-stored records, [and] data, metadata and computer generated or enhanced animations and simulations. As with any other form of evidence, a party may use any appropriate method, or combination of methods, described in this Commentary, or any other proof to demonstrate that the proffer is what the proponent claims it to be, to authenticate any particular item of electronically stored information. -
Law, Economics, and the Burden(S) of Proof
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2012 Law, Economics, and the Burden(s) of Proof Eric L. Talley Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, and the Torts Commons Recommended Citation Eric L. Talley, Law, Economics, and the Burden(s) of Proof, RESEARCH HANDBOOK ON THE ECONOMICS OF TORTS, JENNIFER ARLEN, ED., EDWARD ELGAR, 2013; UC BERKELEY PUBLIC LAW RESEARCH PAPER NO. 2170469 (2012). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/1768 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Law, Economics, and the Burden(s) of Proof Eric L. Talley1 Forthcoming in Research Handbook on the Economic Analysis of Tort Law (J. Arlen Ed, 2013) Version 2.4, November 5, 2012 (Original version: March, 2012) Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Definitional Dark Matter ........................................................................................................................... 6 3. Law and Economics Analysis of the Burden of Proof ........................................................................... -
Evidence (Real & Demonstrative)
Evidence (Real & Demonstrative) E. Tyron Brown Hawkins Parnell Thackston & Young LLP Atlanta, Georgia 30308 I. TYPES OF EVIDENCE There are four types of evidence in a legal action: A. Testimonial; B. Documentary; C. Real, and; D. Demonstrative. A. TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE Testimonial evidence, which is the most common type of evidence,. is when a witness is called to the witness stand at trial and, under oath, speaks to a jury about what the witness knows about the facts in the case. The witness' testimony occurs through direct examination, meaning the party that calls that witness to the stand asks that person questions, and through cross-examination which is when the opposing side has the chance to cross-examine the witness possibly to bring-out problems and/or conflicts in the testimony the witness gave on direct examination. Another type of testimonial evidence is expert witness testimony. An expert witness is a witness who has special knowledge in a particular area and testifies about the expert's conclusions on a topic. ln order to testify at trial, proposed witnesses must be "competent" meaning: 1. They must be under oath or any similar substitute; 2. They must be knowledgeable about what they are going to testify. This means they must have perceived something with their senses that applies to the case in question; 3. They must have a recollection of what they perceived; and 4. They must be in a position to relate what they communicated 1 Testimonial evidence is one of the only forms of proof that does not need reinforcing evidence for it to be admissible in court. -
Rape Shield Statute This Outline Has Several Objectives
APAAC 2014 Seminar: Rape Shield Statute This outline has several objectives: (1) providing the reader with an overview of the historical development of the rape-shield doctrine in Arizona; (2) summarizing how Arizona courts have resolved certain federal and state constitutional challenges to the preclusion of evidence pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-1421 and its common-law antecedents; (3) identifying the current state of the law; and (4) offering practical advice about how to minimize the likelihood of reversal when evidence is precluded pursuant to Arizona’s rape-shield statute for not falling within one of the five exceptions set forth in Section 13-1421(A)(1)-(5). Historical development. 1. Several years before promulgating the Arizona Rules of Evidence, the Arizona Supreme Court “affirmatively established a rape shield that prohibits admission of a victim’s sexual history as evidence of bad character or consent except in highly particularized situations.” State v. Lujan, 192 Ariz. 448, 452, ¶ 14, 967 P.2d 123, 127 (1998) (citing Pope v. Superior Court, 113 Ariz. 22, 28–29, 545 P.2d 946, 952– 53 (1976)). 2. The event that triggered the adoption of the rape-shield doctrine in our state was the necessity of repudiating the following rule of law, which had allowed rape defendants to offer evidence of the victim’s prior sexual activity in order to establish consent to the charged act of intercourse: “If consent be a defense to the charge, then certainly any evidence which reasonably tends to show consent is relevant and material, and common experience teaches us that the woman who has once departed from the paths of virtue is far more apt to consent to another lapse than is the one who has never stepped aside from that path.” State v. -
Second Circuit Clarifies Scope of Proffer Agreement Waivers
G THE B IN EN V C R H E S A N 8 8 D 8 B 1 AR SINCE WWW. NYLJ.COM VOLUME 256—NO. 103 TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2016 Outside Counsel Expert Analysis Second Circuit Clarifies Scope Of Proffer Agreement Waivers lthough securing a coopera- both to white-collar criminal defense tion agreement after proffer- practitioners and to those who prac- ing to the government can tice in the gang-related context in which lead to enormous benefits for Rosemond arose. those who successfully navi- By And Proffer Agreements Agate the process, the negative conse- Harry Helen P. quences of a failed proffer are profound. Sandick O’Reilly The standard proffer agreements in Assessing the risks of whether to proffer the Southern and Eastern Districts of and enter into a proffer agreement is an Mezzanatto, 513 U.S. 196 (1995) that New York typically protect the defen- important part of federal criminal prac- the protections afforded under Rule dant from the government’s use of tice. These written agreements between 410 can be waived in proffer agree- factual assertions made during plea federal prosecutors and a subject of a ments, thereby opening the door for agreements. This is necessary because criminal investigation set the ground the factual assertions made in the proffer rules for the future use by the govern- are inevitably inculpatory: The point of ment of a defendant’s statements made The Second Circuit clarified a proffer is for a defendant to admit his during a proffer session. how and when certain defense participation in the crime and to explain The agreements typically involve a tactics at trial can open the who else was involved in committing the partial waiver of the protections pro- door to the introduction of the crime.