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Keeping up with the Kardashians" I Svijest O Vlastitom Tijelu Kod Mladih Djevojaka U Dobi Od 16 Do 20 Godina

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Keeping up with the Kardashians Reality program "Keeping up With the Kardashians" i svijest o vlastitom tijelu kod mladih djevojaka u dobi od 16 do 20 godina Markić, Lucija Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2020 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Political Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet političkih znanosti Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:114:555128 Rights / Prava: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-27 Repository / Repozitorij: FPSZG repository - master's thesis of students of political science and journalism / postgraduate specialist studies / disertations Sveučilište u Zagrebu Fakultet političkih znanosti Diplomski studij novinarstva Lucija Markić Reality program „Keeping up With the Kardashians“ i svijest o vlastitom tijelu kod mladih djevojaka u dobi od 16 do 20 godina DIPLOMSKI RAD Zagreb, 2020. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Fakultet političkih znanosti Diplomski studij novinarstva Reality program „Keeping up With the Kardashians“ i svijest o vlastitom tijelu kod mladih djevojaka u dobi od 16 do 20 godina DIPLOMSKI RAD Mentorica: doc. dr. sc. Antonija Čuvalo Studentica: Lucija Markić Zagreb Rujan, 2020. IZJAVA O AUTORSTVU RADA I POŠTIVANJU ETIČKIH PRAVILA U AKADEMSKOM RADU Izjavljujem da sam diplomski rad „Reality program „Keeping up With the Kardashians“ i svijest o vlastitom tijelu kod mladih djevojaka u dobi od 16 do 20 godina” (The Reality Show Keeping Up with the Kardashians and the Body Self-perception among 16-to-20-year- old Young Girls) , koji sam predala na ocjenu mentorici doc. dr. sc. Antonija Čuvalo, napisala samostalno i da je u potpunosti riječ o mojem autorskom radu. Također, izjavljujem da dotični rad nije objavljen ni korišten u svrhe ispunjenja nastavnih obaveza na ovom ili nekom drugom učilištu, te da na temelju njega nisam stekla ECTSbodove. Nadalje, izjavljujem da sam u radu poštivala etička pravila znanstvenog i akademskog rada, a posebno članke 16-19. Etičkoga kodeksa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. (ime i prezime studentice) SADRŽAJ UVOD ....................................................................................................................................1 TEORIJSKI OKVIR RADA ...................................................................................................2 Teorijski kontekst rada ........................................................................................................2 Povijest obitelji Kardashian/Jenner .....................................................................................6 O seriji ................................................................................................................................7 Popratni sadržaj ..................................................................................................................8 Narativ i obiteljska dinamika............................................................................................. 10 KUWTK i društveni mediji ............................................................................................... 13 METODOLOGIJA ............................................................................................................... 15 ANALIZA REZULTATA .................................................................................................... 19 Osobna pitanja .................................................................................................................. 19 Uloga medija u formiranju svijesti o sebi .......................................................................... 21 Uloga serije „Keeping Up With the Kardashians“ u formiranju svjesti o sebi .................... 28 RASPRAVA ........................................................................................................................ 35 Promjene izgleda i životnog stila ....................................................................................... 44 ZAKLJUČAK ...................................................................................................................... 49 IZVORI ................................................................................................................................ 52 Dodatni izvori ................................................................................................................... 53 PRILOZI .............................................................................................................................. 56 SAŽETAK I KLJUČNE RIJEČI......................................................................................... 120 UVOD Adolescentsko doba razdoblje je intenzivnoga oblikovanja identiteta i veće brige o popularnosti i prihvaćanju kod suprotnoga spola. Posebice se tijela adolescentica drastično mijenjaju i sve više udaljavaju od društvenih ideala, što pridonosi većoj svijesti o vlastitu izgledu i nezadovoljstvu tjelesnim izgledom (Kuhar, 2005). U odrastanju današnjih djevojčica ovo delikatno razdoblje dodatno je pojačano „bombardiranjem“ novim idealom ženske ljepote kojemu su izložene sa svih strana. Njihovim nesigurnostima više ne doprinose samo školske kolege – sveprisutni novi ideal ženskog tijela koji se nekad viđao na televiziji i časopisima postaje njihova sve ranija opsesija. Na društvenim mrežama pojavljuje se sve više mladih djevojaka koje izgledom neupitno podsjećaju na protagonistice reality showa „Keeping Up With the Kardashians“ te promjena standarda i medijskog prikaza ženske ljepote. Na temelju pročitane literature koja se bavi ulogom medija u razvoju svijesti o sebi mladih djevojaka, u kombinaciji s literaturom pročitanom radi efikasnog sastavljana svih fragmenata polustrukturiranog dubinskog intervjua pomoću kojeg je provedeno istraživanje, ovaj rad istražit će kako djevojke same percipiraju ulogu različitih čimbenika u razvoju svijesti o svom izgledu. Utemeljen je na istraživanju utjecaja novog ideala ženske ljepote na djevojke u adolescentskom razdoblju, a potkrijepljen istraživanjima o korelaciji medijskih utjecaja i nezadovoljstva vlastitim tijelom na fokus grupama sličnog uzrasta. U tijelu rada opisan je njegov teorijski kontekst, dane su pozadinske informacije o seriji i njenim protagonistima, opisan je razvoj tijekom vremena i promjena narativa, obiteljske dinamike, produkcije, izgleda i životnog stila. Spomenut je utjecaj koju protagonistice serije imaju u medijima i utjecaj koji ti mediji imaju na djevojke u razvoju s osvrtom na relevantna istraživanja i literaturu te je detaljno opisana metodologija korištena u radu. Dio naslovljen „Analiza rezultata“ sadrži odgovore djevojaka prikupljene u intervjuu podijeljene u tri teme radi lakše interpretacije rezultata i povezivanja s literaturom u dijelu „Rasprava“. Na koncu, zaključak donosi sažetak i finalnu misao cijelog rada kao i komentar autora. 1 TEORIJSKI OKVIR RADA Teorijski kontekst rada Podatci korišteni u radu prikupljeni su iz primarnih i sekundarnih izvora. Kod sekundarnih izvora fokus je stavljen na sljedeće: knjige, studije slučaja, izvorne znanstvene članke, znanstvena istraživanja, web članke, web stranice, portale, društvene mreže i samu seriju. Serija se sastoji od 18 sezona od kojih najkraća sadrži 8, a najdulja 21 epizodu u trajanju od 20- 45 minuta. U poglavlju „Promjene izgleda i životnog stila“ iznesene su opaske vezane uz relevantne promjene u seriji, prikupljene vođenjem dnevnika gledanja. Neupitno je to da djeca i mladi u razvoju svoje poželjne obrasce ponašanja svjesno ili nesvjesno traže u svijetu koji vide oko sebe, a pojava medija nudi im puno širi spektar poželjnih identiteta. Današnja djeca rađaju se i odrastaju s internetom– televizijski sadržaj koji je prije bio ograničen na određenu prostoriju i određeno vrijeme sada postaje dostupan u svakom trenutku. Postoje brojni razlozi za gledanje televizije, poput potrebe za različitim informacijama o događajima u lokalnoj zajednici, društvu i svijetu, ali i stvaranje osobnog identiteta pronalaženjem podrške u potvrdi vlastitih vrijednosti, traženje modela ponašanja, samopotvrde te identifikaciji s važnim osobama iz medija. Nadalje, razlog za gledanje televizije potreba je za integracijom i socijalnom interakcijom uvidom u život drugih ljudi, povezivanjem i osjećajem pripadnosti s drugima, socijalna empatija i interakcija, pomoć u obavljanju socijalnih uloga kao i povezivanja s društvom, prijateljima i obitelji. Pa tako i adolescenti, osim zabave, televizijski sadržaji koriste kao izvor informacija i tema za razgovore s vršnjacima kao i zajedničkog druženja gledanjem televizijskih programa (sportski programi, glazbene emisije i sl.). Gledanje televizije je socijalna djelatnost u kojoj medijske poruke često pružaju zajedničku podlogu za interakciju i druženje s drugima (Pavić, Rijavec i Braš, 2017). U izvornom znanstvenom članku „Motivacijski aspekti, učestalost gledanja i ovisnost o televiziji adolescenata“ Jadranka Pavić, Majda Rijavec i Marijana Braš na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja povezanih s motivima gledanja televizije provele su istraživanje s ciljem ispitivanja učestalosti gledanja i izraženost ovisnosti o televiziji kod mlađih adolescenata u kojem objašnjavaju motive zbog kojih mladi gledaju televiziju kao i utjecaj koji navike gledanja imaju na njihovu svakodnevicu. Sadržaj koji gledaj u medijima ljudi svjesno ili nesvjesno imitiraju ne bi li se uklopili u društvo u kojem prikazane osobe predstavljaju ideale. Metka Kuhar u svojem izvornom znanstvenom članku „Medijske reprezentacije
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