DOCSLIB.ORG

1 the Temporal Bone

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 the Temporal Bone 1 The Temporal Bone 1 1.1 Embryology of the Temporal Bone 1 1.1.1 Cartilaginous Neurocranium 2 1.1.2 Membranous Neurocranium and the Squamous Bone 4 1.1.3 The Viscerocranium 4 1.2 Perinatal Changes of the Temporal Bone 5 1.3 Postnatal Changes of the Temporal Bone 6 1.4 Anatomy of the Temporal Bone 7 1.4.1 The Petrous Bone 8 1.4.2 The Squamous Bone 8 1.4.3 The Tympanic Bone 8 1.4.4 The Styloid Bone 9 1.4.5 Temporal Bone Fissures 9 1.4.6 Temporal Bone Surfaces 10 References 16 2 Middle Ear Cavity 19 2.1 Lateral Wall 19 2.1.1 Embryology of the Lateral Wall 20 2.1.2 Lateral Wall Anatomy 21 2.2 Inferior Wall (Jugular Wall) 26 2.2.1 Embryology of the Inferior Wall 26 2.2.2 The Inferior Wall Anatomy 27 2.3 Posterior Wall 29 2.3.1 Embryology of the Posterior Wall 29 2.3.2 Posterior Wall Anatomy 29 2.4 Superior Wall (The Tegmen) 32 2.4.1 Superior Wall Development 32 2.4.2 Superior Wall Anatomy 32 2.5 Anterior Wall (Carotid Wall) 36 2.5.1 Anterior Wall Development 36 2.5.2 Anterior Wall Anatomy 37 2.6 Medial Wall (Cochlear Wall) 39 2.6.1 Embryology of the Medial Wall Structures 39 2.6.2 Medial Wall Anatomy 41 References 47 http://d-nb.info/1031149961 xiv 3 Middle Ear Contents 49 3.1 The Auditory Ossicles 50 3.1.1 Embryology of the Auditory Ossicles 50 3.1.2 Anatomy of the Auditory Ossicles 55 3.2 Middle Ear Articulations 63 3.2.1 Embryology of Middle Ear Articulations 63 3.2.2 Anatomy of Middle Ear Articulations 64 3.3 Middle Ear Muscles 65 3.3.1 Embryology of Middle Ear Muscles 65 3.3.2 Anatomy of the Middle Ear Muscles 66 3.4 Middle Ear Nerves 67 3.4.1 Facial Nerve Branches 67 3.4.2 Tympanic Plexus 67 3.5 Middle Ear Vessels 68 3.5.1 Embryology of Middle Ear Vessels 68 3.5.2 Anatomy of Middle Ear Vessels 70 3.6 Middle Ear Mucosal Folds 72 3.6.1 Mucosal Folds Development 72 3.6.2 Mucosal Folds Anatomy 72 3.6.3 The Tympanic Diaphragm 77 3.6.4 The Tympanic Isthmus 78 References 80 4 Middle Ear Compartments 83 4.1 Embryology of Middle Ear Compartments 83 4.1.1 The Saccus Anticus 84 4.1.2 The Saccus Medius 84 4.1.3 The Saccus Superior 85 4.1.4 The Saccus Posticus 85 4.2 Anatomy of the Protympanum 85 4.2.1 Walls of the Protympanum 86 4.2.2 The Supratubal Recess (STR) 86 4.3 Anatomy of the Hypotympanum 86 4.3.1 Walls of the Hypotympanum 86 4.3.2 Air Cells in the Hypotympanum 87 4.4 Anatomy of the Retrotympanum 88 4.4.1 The Lateral Spaces 88 4.4.2 The Medial Spaces 90 4.5 Anatomy of the Attic (The Epitympanum) 92 4.5.1 The Upper Unit of the Attic 93 4.5.2 The Lower Unit of the Attic (Prussak's Space) .... 98 4.6 The Mesotympanum 101 4.6.1 Tympanic Membrane Compartments 101 References 102 XV 5 The Mastoid 105 5.1 Embryology of the Mastoid 105 5.1.1 Embryology of the Mastoid Antrum 106 5.1.2 Postnatal Mastoid Pneumatization 106 5.2 Mastoid Process Anatomy 108 5.2.1 Surface Landmarks of the Mastoid Process 108 5.2.2 Surgical Anatomy of the Mastoid Antrum 110 5.2.3 The Aditus Ad Antrum 117 5.2.4 The Mastoid Air Cells 117 5.2.5 Mastoid Air Cell System Volume 120 References 121 6 Facial Nerve 123 6.1 Facial Nerve Development 123 6.1.1 Facial Nerve Connections 126 6.2 Facial Nerve Anatomy 126 6.2.1 The Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA) Segment 127 6.2.2 The Internal Auditory Canal Segment (IAC) 127 6.2.3 The Facial Canal (Fallopian Aqueduct) 128 6.2.4 Vascularization of the Facial Nerve 137 References 139 7 The Eustachian Tlibe 141 7.1 Eustachian Tube Development 141 7.1.1 Postnatal Growth 143 7.2 Eustachian Tube Anatomy 145 7.2.1 The Bony Portion of the Eustachian Tube 145 7.2.2 The Junctional Segment 147 7.2.3 The Fibrocartilaginous Tube 147 7.2.4 The Pharyngeal End 149 7.2.5 Muscles of the Eustachian Tube 149 7.2.6 Eustachian Tube Mucosa 151 7.2.7 Eustachian Tube Blood Vessels 151 7.2.8 Eustachian Tube Nerves 151 References 153 Index 155 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imaging of Nontraumatic Temporal Bone Emergencies Nitesh Shekhrajka, MD and Gul Moonis, MD
    Imaging of Nontraumatic Temporal Bone Emergencies Nitesh Shekhrajka, MD and Gul Moonis, MD This section aims to cover the non-traumatic pathologies affecting the temporal bone including external auditory canal, middle ear and inner ear which usually need emergent clinical attention. Many of the conditions in this section are secondary to infections in differ- ent clinical settings with resultant complications which may leave temporary or permanent sequelae if not suspected, timely diagnosed or treated. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 40:116-124 © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. External Auditory Canal There is abnormal soft tissue thickening and enhancement along the margins of the EAC, auricle, and periauricular soft Malignant Otitis Externa tissue. There is effacement of the fat planes around the stylo- his is a more aggressive form of acute otitis externa mastoid foramen and infratemporal fossa5. The involvement T which affects the elderly, diabetic, and immunocompro- of the stylomastoid foramen may result in facial nerve mised patients.1 The term “Malignant” is a misnomer used to involvement. Opacification of middle ear cavity and mastoid describe the aggressive clinical nature and high mortality in air cells are frequently seen (Fig. 1). this condition. It is also referred to as necrotizing otitis If the disease extends inferiorly to involve the subtemporal externa (NOE). In most cases, the causative pathogen is Pseu- soft tissues, parotid, masticator, and parapharyngeal spaces, domonas aeruginosa2 which is not normally found in the imaging will demonstrate abnormal soft tissue enhancement, external acoustic meatus (EAC) but Aspergillus fumigatus is diffuse enlargement of the surrounding muscles, parotid also implicated in immunocompromised patients.3 enlargement, and effacement of the fat planes with or with- The infection begins as an area of granulation at the junc- out abscess.
    [Show full text]
  • Entrapment Neuropathy of the Central Nervous System. Part II. Cranial
    Entrapment neuropathy of the Cranial nerves central nervous system. Part II. Cranial nerves 1-IV, VI-VIII, XII HAROLD I. MAGOUN, D.O., F.A.A.O. Denver, Colorado This article, the second in a series, significance because of possible embarrassment considers specific examples of by adjacent structures in that area. The same entrapment neuropathy. It discusses entrapment can occur en route to their desti- nation. sources of malfunction of the olfactory nerves ranging from the The first cranial nerve relatively rare anosmia to the common The olfactory nerves (I) arise from the nasal chronic nasal drip. The frequency of mucosa and send about twenty central proces- ocular defects in the population today ses through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the inferior surface of the olfactory attests to the vulnerability of the optic bulb. They are concerned only with the sense nerves. Certain areas traversed by of smell. Many normal people have difficulty in each oculomotor nerve are pointed out identifying definite odors although they can as potential trouble spots. It is seen perceive them. This is not of real concern. The how the trochlear nerves are subject total loss of smell, or anosmia, is the significant to tension, pressure, or stress from abnormality. It may be due to a considerable variety of causes from arteriosclerosis to tu- trauma to various bony components morous growths but there is another cause of the skull. Finally, structural which is not usually considered. influences on the abducens, facial, The cribriform plate fits within the ethmoid acoustic, and hypoglossal nerves notch between the orbital plates of the frontal are explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
    N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V.
    [Show full text]
  • A 'Clear View of the N,Eglected Mastoid Aditus
    1380 S.A. MEDICAL JOURNAL 11 December 1971 A 'Clear View of the N,eglected Mastoid Aditus G. C. C. BURGER, M.MED. (RAD.D.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, Pretoria SUMMARY By placing the head with the aditus vertical to the casette an X-ray tomographic cross-section of the aditus The aditus is the central link between the attic and the can be produced, which also allows the integrity of the mastoid antrum. Its patency determines the course of middle fossa floor to be judged with more accuracy than middle ear infections. has been possible in the past. S. Afr. Med. J., 45, 1380 (971). It is possible to make a transverse tomographic 'cut' through the aditus of the ear and at the same time to Fig. 1. Tomographic cross-section of the skull, labelled Fig. 3. Tomographic cross-section of the tympanic cavity with a wire coil insert in a dry skull. with incus in position in a dry skull. Fig. 2. Tomographic cross-section of the aditus in a dry Fig. 4. Tomographic cross-section of aditus in a patient. skull. -Date received: 16 November 1970. 11 Desember 1971 S.-A. MEDIESE TYDSKRIF 1381 demonstrate the thin bony layer which separates it from middle cranial fossa without the advantage of ever seeing the middle cranial fossa (Figs. 1 - 4). its floor in true tangent. One would hesitate to add yet another one to the lono list of radiographic views of the mastoid, but the aditus i;' after all, the passage which controls the course and out­ ANATOMY come of every inflammatory assault on the middle ear and mastoid.
    [Show full text]
  • MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy
    MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology • This is a comprehensive guide of all the skull features you must know by the practical exam. • Many of these structures will be presented multiple times during upcoming labs. • This PowerPoint Handout is the resource you will use during lab when you have access to skulls. Mind, Brain & Behavior 2021 Osteology of the Skull Slide Title Slide Number Slide Title Slide Number Ethmoid Slide 3 Paranasal Sinuses Slide 19 Vomer, Nasal Bone, and Inferior Turbinate (Concha) Slide4 Paranasal Sinus Imaging Slide 20 Lacrimal and Palatine Bones Slide 5 Paranasal Sinus Imaging (Sagittal Section) Slide 21 Zygomatic Bone Slide 6 Skull Sutures Slide 22 Frontal Bone Slide 7 Foramen RevieW Slide 23 Mandible Slide 8 Skull Subdivisions Slide 24 Maxilla Slide 9 Sphenoid Bone Slide 10 Skull Subdivisions: Viscerocranium Slide 25 Temporal Bone Slide 11 Skull Subdivisions: Neurocranium Slide 26 Temporal Bone (Continued) Slide 12 Cranial Base: Cranial Fossae Slide 27 Temporal Bone (Middle Ear Cavity and Facial Canal) Slide 13 Skull Development: Intramembranous vs Endochondral Slide 28 Occipital Bone Slide 14 Ossification Structures/Spaces Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 15 Intramembranous Ossification: Fontanelles Slide 29 Structures/Apertures Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 16 Intramembranous Ossification: Craniosynostosis Slide 30 Nasal Septum Slide 17 Endochondral Ossification Slide 31 Infratemporal Fossa & Pterygopalatine Fossa Slide 18 Achondroplasia and Skull Growth Slide 32 Ethmoid • Cribriform plate/foramina
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Analysis of Stylomastoid Foramen Location and Its Clinical Importance
    Dental Communication Biosc.Biotech.Res.Comm. Special Issue Vol 13 No 8 2020 Pp-108-111 Morphometric Analysis of Stylomastoid Foramen Location and its Clinical Importance Hemanth Ragav N V1 and Yuvaraj Babu K2* 1Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai- 600077, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai- 600077, India ABSTRACT The stylomastoid foramen is located between the styloid process and mastoid process of the temporal bone. Facial nerve and Stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery passes through this stylomastoid foramen. The facial nerve can be blocked at this stylomastoid foramen but it has high risk of nerve damage. For Nadbath facial nerve block, stylomastoid foramen is the most important site. Facial canal ends at this foramen and it is the important motor portion of this stylomastoid foramen. A total of 50 dry skulls from the Anatomy Department of Saveetha Dental College were studied to locate the position of the centre of the stylomastoid foramen with respect to the tip of mastoid process and the articular tubercle of the zygomatic arch by a digital vernier caliper. All measurements were tabulated and statistically analysed. In our study, we found the mean distance of stylomastoid foramen from mastoid processes 16.31+2.37 mm and 16.01+2.08 mm on right and left. Their range is 10.48-23.34 mm and 11.5-21.7 mm. The mean distance of stylomastoid foramen from articular tubercle is 29.48+1.91 mm and 29.90+1.62 mm on right and left.
    [Show full text]
  • Macewen'striangle
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 5, 2020 MacEwen’sTriangle- A Review Dr. Bhaskaran Sathyapriya, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai Chandrakala B1, Govindarajan Sumathy2, Syed FazilHasan 3, Priyadharshini.M3, Srilakshmi.B 3,Bhaskaran Sathyapriya* 1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 2. Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 3. Graduate student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research *Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. Abstract In the temporal bone, between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle, suprameatal pit, mastoid fossa, foveolasuprameatica, or Mac Ewen's triangle, through which an instrument may be pushed into the mastoid antrum..In the adult, the antrum lies approximately 1.5 to 2 cm deep to the suprameatal triangle. This is an important landmark when performing a cortical mastoidectomy. The triangle lies deep to the cymba conchae.The sex determination of unknown human skulls can be evaluated by using the measurement of the area formed by the xerographic projection of 3craniometric points related to the mastoid process: the porion, asterion, and mastoidale points. Keywords: MacEwen's triangle,mastoidectomy,suprameatal spine,Mastoid antrum ,sex determination,zygomatic process,mastoid process. Introduction MacEwen's triangle is a very important surgical landmark for the mastoid antrum or the largest mastoid air cell.[9] It is also known as Suprameatal triangle or Mastoid fossa.[4] The suprameataltrigone plays a big role in the aspect of clinics.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures
    Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Topographical Anatomy and Morphometry of the Temporal Bone of the Macaque
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 13–22 Copyright © 2009 Via Medica O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl Topographical anatomy and morphometry of the temporal bone of the macaque J. Wysocki 1Clinic of Otolaryngology and Rehabilitation, II Medical Faculty, Warsaw Medical University, Poland, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland 2Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Poland, Kajetany, Nadarzyn, Poland [Received 7 July 2008; Accepted 10 October 2008] Based on the dissections of 24 bones of 12 macaques (Macaca mulatta), a systematic anatomical description was made and measurements of the cho- sen size parameters of the temporal bone as well as the skull were taken. Although there is a small mastoid process, the general arrangement of the macaque’s temporal bone structures is very close to that which is observed in humans. The main differences are a different model of pneumatisation and the presence of subarcuate fossa, which possesses considerable dimensions. The main air space in the middle ear is the mesotympanum, but there are also additional air cells: the epitympanic recess containing the head of malleus and body of incus, the mastoid cavity, and several air spaces on the floor of the tympanic cavity. The vicinity of the carotid canal is also very well pneuma- tised and the walls of the canal are very thin. The semicircular canals are relatively small, very regular in shape, and characterized by almost the same dimensions. The bony walls of the labyrinth are relatively thin.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissection and Exposure of the Whole Course of Deep Nerves in Human Head Specimens After Decalcification
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Otolaryngology Volume 2012, Article ID 418650, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/418650 Research Article Dissection and Exposure of the Whole Course of Deep Nerves in Human Head Specimens after Decalcification Longping Liu, Robin Arnold, and Marcus Robinson Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building F13, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Marcus Robinson, [email protected] Received 29 July 2011; Revised 10 November 2011; Accepted 12 December 2011 AcademicEditor:R.L.Doty Copyright © 2012 Longping Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The whole course of the chorda tympani nerve, nerve of pterygoid canal, and facial nerves and their relationships with surrounding structures are complex. After reviewing the literature, it was found that details of the whole course of these deep nerves are rarely reported and specimens displaying these nerves are rarely seen in the dissecting room, anatomical museum, or atlases. Dissections were performed on 16 decalcified human head specimens, exposing the chorda tympani and the nerve connection between the geniculate and pterygopalatine ganglia. Measurements of nerve lengths, branching distances, and ganglia size were taken. The chorda tympani is a very fine nerve (0.44 mm in diameter within the tympanic cavity) and approximately 54 mm in length. The mean length of the facial nerve from opening of internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramen was 52.5 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone Pneumatization: 2
    561 Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone Pneumatization: 2. Petrosquamosal Suture and Septum 1 Chat Virapongse ,2 The degree of visualization of the petrosquamosal (Korner's) septum on high-resolu­ Mohammad Sarwar1 tion axial computed tomography (CT) in 141 temporal bones (100 subjects) was ana­ Sultan Bhimani1 lyzed. The superior and inferior parts of the septum were assessed separately and were Clarence Sasaki3 seen in 75% and 41% of cases, respectively. There was no relation between the size of Robert Shapiro4 Korner's septum and pneumatization. The clinical relevance of this finding is discussed. The CT features of the ventral petrosquamosal suture also were investigated. The crista tegmentalis, a contribution of the petrosal tegmen to the mandibular fossa, was seen on CT as a polypoid excrescence projecting from the ventrolateral petrous pyramid. This knowledge is useful in the radiographic analysis of the course of longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone. The petrosquamosal septum and suture, formed at the junction of the mastoid and the temporal squama, is a well known landmark to otologists. This thin , osseous septum can be recognized on coronal conventional tomography as an oblique lamina projecting into the mastoid antrum (fig. 1A). In the appropriate clinical setting (e.g., an acquired cholesteatoma), its absence may imply destruction [1]. The septum is also seen on axial computed tomography (CT) as a thin osseous bar, subdividing the mastoid antrum into two parts. The recognition of this septum on CT is important because it is an integral part of temporal bone pneumatization. Previous authors have alluded to a relation between its size and temporal bone pneumatization [2-5].
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Surgery, 4Th Edition, by John Chalmers Da Costa Rare Medical Books
    Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Modern Surgery, 4th edition, by John Chalmers Da Costa Rare Medical Books 1903 Modern Surgery - Chapter 23. Diseases and Injuries of the Head John Chalmers Da Costa Jefferson Medical College Follow this and additional works at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/dacosta_modernsurgery Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Recommended Citation Da Costa, John Chalmers, "Modern Surgery - Chapter 23. Diseases and Injuries of the Head" (1903). Modern Surgery, 4th edition, by John Chalmers Da Costa. Paper 29. https://jdc.jefferson.edu/dacosta_modernsurgery/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Modern Surgery, 4th edition, by John Chalmers Da Costa by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, please contact: [email protected]. Diseases of the Head 595 XXIII. DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE HEAD. I. DISEASES OF I:: HEAD. IN approaching a case of brain disorder, first endeavor to locate the seat of the trouble; next, ascertain the nature of the lesion; and, finally, deter- mine the best plan of treatment, operative or otherwise.
    [Show full text]