DOCSLIB.ORG

REKINDLING the FLAME After Decades of Decline, the U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
REKINDLING the FLAME After Decades of Decline, the U.S NEWS FEATURES REKINDLING THE FLAME After decades of decline, the U.S. government’s fusion lab seeks a rebirth Downloaded from By Adrian Cho, in Princeton, New Jersey oseph Winston, a technician here at Energy’s (DOE’s) fusion budget and shut power plant, smaller and cheaper than ITER, the Princeton Plasma Physics Labo- down TFTR. In 2003, the United States and PPPL would likely play a leading role in http://science.sciencemag.org/ ratory (PPPL), knew something joined the effort to build ITER, the giant building it. was wrong with the fusion reac- international reactor under construction Perhaps most important, in 2018 Princeton tor just by listening. In 2016, PPPL near Cadarache in France—a commitment University, which runs the lab for DOE, hired physicists had restarted their Na- that squeezed fusion research at home even a new lab director. Steven Cowley, a strap- tional Spherical Torus Experiment harder. In 2008, DOE canceled another un- ping 60-year-old Englishman with a shock of (NSTX), after a 5-year, $94 million finished fusion reactor at PPPL, leading to silver hair and a knighthood, makes no bones upgrade. During one of the ma- a reshuffling of lab leadership. Now, PPPL about his role as an agent of change. “My job chine’s runs, which last just seconds, millions employs 560 people. Its one large machine, as a director is not to be an administrator,” he Jof amps course through NSTX’s magnet coils, NSTX, sits idle 3 years after breaking down. says in his velvety baritone. “It’s about scien- creating fields that squeeze an ionized gas so tific vision. What should we be doing? What tightly that atomic nuclei can fuse. The cur- are the interesting questions? How do we get on February 8, 2020 rents also stress the coils, which emit a groan to fusion?” He already has a plan to diver- loud enough to be heard through more than sify the lab’s work, grow its staff, and start to a meter of concrete. But the sound was peter- build things again. ing out prematurely, Winston recalls. Physicists are watching PPPL as a bell- When Winston and his team traced the wether for the fortunes of the U.S. fusion problem to a short in one coil, the 50-year program, whose share of the world’s pub- PPPL veteran knew the reactor, or tokamak, lic fusion research has slipped to just one- would be down for a long time. The ma- sixth. And some observers who have been chine is “like a one-way street,” he says. “If critical of the lab’s previous leadership and anything happens to these coils, the whole culture think PPPL is finally on the right thing has to come apart just to get to it.” track. “Steve is the best person on the planet After running for just 10 weeks, NSTX was for the job,” says William Madia, former di- shut down again. rector of two other DOE national labs, who It was a body blow to a lab that was al- urged Princeton to hire Cowley. “I’m opti- ready staggering. In the 1980s, PPPL ran PPPL director Steven Cowley wants to grow the lab. mistic.” Yet the lab still faces obstacles on multiple machines, employed nearly 1300 His first task is to repair its main fusion reactor. the path to redemption. people, and led the worldwide quest to har- ness fusion, the energy source of the Sun. Yet things may be looking up for the lab. NSTX RESEMBLES an extraterrestrial space- “The action was almost frantic,” says Dale After years of DOE reviews, PPPL researchers ship. The two-story orb nestles in a cocoon Meade, a PPPL physicist emeritus. “We were expect to start to rebuild NSTX in April. And of pipes and cables, the red coils of its main taking risks, building one thing before the a year ago, a report from the National Acad- magnet arching up out of the chaos like fly- other was finished.” In 1994, PPPL’s largest emies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine ing buttresses. Within the orb—the reactor’s machine ever, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reac- (NASEM) urged the United States not only to partially disassembled vacuum chamber— tor (TFTR), briefly generated 10.7 megawatts stick with ITER—which is hugely overbudget copper plates and graphite tiles line the of power, still the record for U.S. efforts. and behind schedule—but also to prepare to silvery walls. One could imagine that some The good times didn’t last. Within years, build the machine after it (Science, 21 Decem- reptilian alien slumbered away the eons here Congress had slashed the Department of ber 2018, p. 1343). This would be a prototype while traveling to the Solar System. During LABORATORY PHYSICS PLASMA ELLE STARKMAN/PRINCETON PHOTO: 618 7 FEBRUARY 2020 • VOL 367 ISSUE 6478 sciencemag.org SCIENCE Published by AAAS Sun in a bottle Achilles’ heel In 2016, soon after an When it restarts in 2021, the upgrade, an upper repaired National Spherical Torus coil failed. The machine Experiment (NSTX) at Princeton was disassembled Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and has sat idle, will use magnetic fields to trap forcing a reckoning and squeeze a hot ionized gas, over PPPL’s future. or plasma, coaxing atomic nuclei to fuse and generate energy the same way as in the Sun. NSTX will test how efficiently a spherical shape can squeeze the plasma. Poloidal Toroidal It will also test using liquid lithium feld line feld line to protect NSTX’s chamber wall and help shunt out heat. Moving Poloidal magnetic coil plasma Field line Toroidal magnetic coil A crucial twist To trap a plasma and keep it away from the Downloaded from Rev it up! walls of the vacuum During a secondslong chamber, the total run, a current of magnetic field—the 24,000 amps quickly sum of the toroidal reverses in the tubelike and poloidal fields— central solenoid coil must twist like a candy to propel the plasma cane. That winding around the torus is produced by http://science.sciencemag.org/ 40,000 times per the current in the second. That motion plasma itself. helps generate the poloidal field. Divertor Tokamaks on parade PPPL’s star has fallen, along with the size of its fusion reactors. But a refurbished NSTX could revive the lab, and set the stage for a leading role on February 8, 2020 in building a fusion power plant after ITER. *reactors drawn to scale ? Tokamak Fusion National Compact National Spherical International Thermonuclear Compact Pilot Plant Test Reactor Stellarator Experiment Torus Experiment Experimental Reactor To be built in the 2030s, PPPL’s biggest machine Canceled in 2008, NCSX would Built in 1999, NSTX tests The $25 billion reactor, an the prototype power ran from 1982 to 1997. have generated a twisting how a spherical shape international effort under construction plant would leverage In 1994, it set a U.S. record field with asymmetric coils, boosts plasma pressures. in France, aims to produce more emerging technologies for power produced. enabling it to run continuously Tests will resume in 2021. energy than it consumes. It should and be smaller and with a stationary plasma. begin operations in 2025. cheaper than ITER. a run, something nearly as otherworldly fills at which colliding nuclei can fuse to form half-century. Yet, on a rainy Monday morn- the chamber: a wispy ionized gas, or plasma, helium. The reactions release energy, car- ing in October 2019, the lab is eerily quiet. heated to 100 million degrees Celsius— ried away by free-flying neutrons. Replac- Nestled among pines in a technology park hotter than the core of the Sun. Injected ing some of the deuterium with tritium, east of tony Princeton, PPPL grew out of the microwaves and churning magnetic fields an even heavier isotope of hydrogen, could university’s classified work on the hydrogen SCIENCE heat and squeeze the plasma and whirl it make the reactions self-sustaining. Such bomb and astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer’s around the chamber 40,000 times per second. fusion promises abundant, carbon-free en- parallel effort to tame fusion as a power The plasma is made of deuterium, a ergy with little of the radioactive waste gen- source. Founded in 1961, PPPL built a series heavier isotope of hydrogen, and the goal erated by fission-powered nuclear reactors. of ever bigger devices that in 1982 culmi- GRAPHIC: C. BICKEL/ C. GRAPHIC: is to bring it to temperatures and pressures That prospect has fired PPPL for the past nated in TFTR, a reactor three times as wide SCIENCE sciencemag.org 7 FEBRUARY 2020 • VOL 367 ISSUE 6478 619 Published by AAAS NEWS | FEATURES The plasma chamber of NSTX seen in 2014, before a short forced it to be disassembled. Downloaded from http://science.sciencemag.org/ as NSTX that set its power record while run- suffer from a limitation, however. To trap a of its magnetic field. An investigation re- on February 8, 2020 ning on deuterium and tritium. “We made a plasma, the magnetic field going around the vealed numerous problems in addition to the tremendous splash in the newspapers,” re- torus must twist like the stripes on a candy shorted coil, Hawryluk says. “We felt strongly calls Michael Zarnstorff, PPPL’s chief scien- cane. To generate that twist, the plasma itself that we really needed to understand what tist. “People would ask, ‘When are you going has to race around the doughnut to produce was going on,” he says, “and not just fix one to have electricity from fusion?’” a current.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Corpus Christi College the Pelican Record
    CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE THE PELICAN RECORD Vol. LI December 2015 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE THE PELICAN RECORD Vol. LI December 2015 i The Pelican Record Editor: Mark Whittow Design and Printing: Lynx DPM Limited Published by Corpus Christi College, Oxford 2015 Website: http://www.ccc.ox.ac.uk Email: [email protected] The editor would like to thank Rachel Pearson, Julian Reid, Sara Watson and David Wilson. Front cover: The Library, by former artist-in-residence Ceri Allen. By kind permission of Nick Thorn Back cover: Stone pelican in Durham Castle, carved during Richard Fox’s tenure as Bishop of Durham. Photograph by Peter Rhodes ii The Pelican Record CONTENTS President’s Report ................................................................................... 3 President’s Seminar: Casting the Audience Peter Nichols ............................................................................................ 11 Bishop Foxe’s Humanistic Library and the Alchemical Pelican Alexandra Marraccini ................................................................................ 17 Remembrance Day Sermon A sermon delivered by the President on 9 November 2014 ....................... 22 Corpuscle Casualties from the Second World War Harriet Fisher ............................................................................................. 27 A Postgraduate at Corpus Michael Baker ............................................................................................. 34 Law at Corpus Lucia Zedner and Liz Fisher ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reporter272web.Pdf
    Issue 272 ▸ 15 may 2014 reporterSharing stories of Imperial’s community Imperial 2.0 Rebooting the College’s web presence to reach a growing global audience of mobile users → centre pages FESTIVAL FOR ALL SAVVY SCIENCE SAFETY SAGE Third Imperial Dr Ling Ge Ian Gillett, Festival proves on boosting Safety Director, huge hit with enterprise retires record numbers and public PAGE 10 PAGE 12 engagement PAGE 11 2 >> newsupdate www.imperial.ac.uk/reporter | reporter | 15 May 2014 • issue 272 Renewed drive for engineering through inspirational role models; and improve and increase Imperial’s recognition for equality in UK science promoting gender equality through Athena SWAN Charter awards. Imperial has joined a campaign led by the Chancellor Professor Debra Humphris, Vice Provost (Education) EDITOR’S CORNER to boost participation in technology and engineering at Imperial, said: “We want to help shatter myths and careers among women. change perceptions about women in STEM. It’s fantastic to get the Chancellor’s backing for these goals. Digital The ‘Your Life’ initiative brings together government, business, professional bodies and leading educational wonder institutions who are all working to improve We want to help shatter myths opportunities for women in science, technology, and change perceptions.” Do you remember those engineering and maths (STEM). The scheme was tentative steps when launched by Chancellor George Osborne at the Science you first dipped your Museum on 7 May. “Meeting this challenge will not be easy. It will toes into the World Wide As part of the campaign Imperial has pledged to: require a concerted effort throughout the College.
    [Show full text]
  • Corpus Christi College the Pelican Record
    CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE THE PELICAN RECORD Vol. LII December 2016 i The Pelican Record Editor: Mark Whittow Design and Printing: Lynx DPM Published by Corpus Christi College, Oxford 2016 Website: http://www.ccc.ox.ac.uk Email: [email protected] The editor would like to thank Rachel Pearson, Julian Reid, Joanna Snelling, Sara Watson and David Wilson. Front cover: Detail of the restored woodwork in the College Chapel. Back cover: The Chapel after the restoration work. Both photographs: Nicholas Read ii The Pelican Record CONTENTS President’s Report .................................................................................... 3 Carol Service 2015 Judith Maltby.................................................................................................... 12 Claymond’s Dole Mark Whittow .................................................................................................. 16 The Hallifax Bowl Richard Foster .................................................................................................. 20 Poisoning, Cannibalism and Victorian England in the Arctic: The Discovery of HMS Erebus Cheryl Randall ................................................................................................. 25 An MCR/SCR Seminar: “An Uneasy Partnership?: Science and Law” Liz Fisher .......................................................................................................... 32 Rubbage in the Garden David Leake .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Princeton University
    Department of Energy Office of Science Washington, DC 20585 July 1, 2020 Dr. Steven Cowley Director Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory 100 Stellerator Road Princeton, New Jersey 08540 Dear Dr. Cowley: It is a pleasure to inform you that the Princeton University (PU) at the Department of Energy (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) has successfully completed the DOE Earned Value Management System (EVMS) Acceptance Review process. As a result of the independent surveillance review conducted and the corrective actions taken by PU-PPPL, it has been determined that the EVMS is compliant and meets the guidelines of the Electrical Industries Alliance (EIA)-748. To verify EVMS compliance, an independent surveillance/EVMS acceptance review was conducted at PPPL on December 4-5, 2019, to determine if the PU-PPPL EVMS met the EIA requirements. During the review, the surveillance committee identified five Corrective Action Requests (CARs); five Continuous Improvement Opportunities* (CIO*), requiring formal corrective action; and five Continuous Improvement Opportunities. Corrective Action Request (CARs) CAR-01 Organizational Breakdown Structure not being organized by function; CAR-02 Percent Complete Earned Value method not being used correctly; CAR-03 Monthly Estimate to Complete process to be reviewed and revised to report credible Estimate at Completion information; CAR-04 Incomplete Baseline Change Proposal documentation, and CAR-05 Revisions being made without authorization. Continuous Improvement Opportunities* (CIOs*) CIO-01* Work Authorization—process decision needed; CIO-02* Work started before work authorized; CIO-03* Cost Estimating procedure not being followed; CIO-04* Ensure schedule quality after monthly updates; and CIO-05* Variance Analysis Process and timeliness needs to improve.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Scientific Report 2011 Annual Scientific Report 2011 Designed and Produced by Pickeringhutchins Ltd
    European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI Annual Scientific Report 2011 Annual Scientific Report 2011 Designed and Produced by PickeringHutchins Ltd www.pickeringhutchins.com EMBL member states: Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Associate member state: Australia EMBL-EBI is a part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) EMBL-EBI EMBL-EBI EMBL-EBI EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SD United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0)1223 494 444, Fax +44 (0)1223 494 468 www.ebi.ac.uk EMBL Heidelberg Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany Tel. +49 (0)6221 3870, Fax +49 (0)6221 387 8306 www.embl.org [email protected] EMBL Grenoble 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP181 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9 France Tel. +33 (0)476 20 7269, Fax +33 (0)476 20 2199 EMBL Hamburg c/o DESY Notkestraße 85 22603 Hamburg Germany Tel. +49 (0)4089 902 110, Fax +49 (0)4089 902 149 EMBL Monterotondo Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus Via Ramarini, 32 00015 Monterotondo (Rome) Italy Tel. +39 (0)6900 91402, Fax +39 (0)6900 91406 © 2012 EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute All texts written by EBI-EMBL Group and Team Leaders. This publication was produced by the EBI’s Outreach and Training Programme. Contents Introduction Foreword 2 Major Achievements 2011 4 Services Rolf Apweiler and Ewan Birney: Protein and nucleotide data 10 Guy Cochrane: The European Nucleotide Archive 14 Paul Flicek:
    [Show full text]
  • Prof. Steven Cowley
    Prof. Steven Cowley UK Atomic Energy Authority and Imperial College, London Reducing the Cost & Scale of Fusion Devices and the Problem of Stability The projected scale of magnetic fusion power plants is large and certainly not optimum. I will discuss evidence for re‐ gimes where plasma turbulence is sup‐ pressed and tokamak experiments can achieve fusion performance at modest size. Unfortunately such regimes often terminate abruptly in explosive instabil‐ ity. In ITER such disruptive behaviour would be damaging to the machine and therefore must be avoided. I will discuss the physics of these explosive disrup‐ tions, the observations and how we may find stable high performance states. About the Speaker: Prof. Steven Cowley received his BA from Oxford U. and PhD. from Princeton U. His post‐doctoral work was at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, returning to Princeton in 1987. Prof. Cowley joined UCLA in 1993 rising to Full Professor in 2000. From 2001‐03 he led the plasma physics group at Im‐ perial College London where he remains a part time professor. From 2004‐08 he was the Director of the Center for Multi‐scale Plasma Dynamics at UCLA. He became Director of the UK Atomic Energy Authority's Culham Laboratory in Sept. 2008 and Chief Executive of the UK Atomic Energy Authority in Nov. 2009. Prof. Cowley’s main research is realising fusion power. He has published over 150 papers on the origin of magnetic fields in the universe, theories of plasma turbulence and explosive behaviour in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. Prof. Cowley co‐chaired the US National Academy's Plasma 2010 decadal assess‐ ment of plasma science.
    [Show full text]
  • Undergraduate Research Conference a UNIVERSITY-WIDE CELEBRATION of RESEARCH, SCHOLARSHIP and CREATIVITY URC 2016
    Spring 2016 Undergraduate Research Conference A UNIVERSITY-WIDE CELEBRATION OF RESEARCH, SCHOLARSHIP AND CREATIVITY URC 2016 A welcome to participants and attendees elcome to the 17th annual celebration of research and discovery at the University of New Hampshire. The Undergraduate Research Conference highlights the outstanding research, scholarship and Wcreative activities of our students and their faculty mentors, and it is a privilege to invite you to see their work firsthand. Since it was launched as a University-wide effort in 2000, the URC has become one of UNH’s most exciting traditions, and a showcase for the remarkable ingenuity, talent and accomplishments that our students develop at UNH. The URC also Mark W. Huddleston honors the collaboration and mutual respect that our students and faculty enjoy, and reflects how UNH-inspired research partnerships are improving the quality of life across the Granite State and around the world. Our conference is one of the largest and most diverse in the nation, and this year marks another record in participation. More than 1,800 students will present their findings at both the Durham and Manchester campuses, representing academic achievements in every college and school and the support of hundreds of faculty mentors. At UNH, discovery-based education offers every student the opportunity to build the knowledge, skills and confidence he or she needs to turn ideas into action and P.T. Vasudevan to achieve lifelong success. Whether your visit includes a poster session, a formal presentation, an art exhibit or a creative demonstration, you will be impressed with the participants’ knowledge and understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • BOSC 2015 Dublin, Ireland July 10-11, 2015
    16th Annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference BOSC 2015 Dublin, Ireland July 10-11, 2015 http://www.open-bio.org/wiki/BOSC_2015 Welcome to BOSC 2015! The Bioinformatics Open Source Conference, established in 2000, is held every year as a Special Interest Group (SIG) meeting in conjunction with the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) Conference. BOSC is sponsored by the Open Bioinformatics Foundation (OBF), a non-profit group dedicated to promoting the practice and philosophy of Open Source software development and Open Science within the biological research community. Sponsors We are grateful to Google for their generous support for videorecording BOSC 2015, and we thank Curoverse (the team behind the open source platform Arvados) and GigaScience as returning sponsors. We also welcome Bina as a new sponsor. BOSC 2015 Organizing Committee Nomi Harris and Peter Cock (Co-Chairs) Brad Chapman, Rob Davey, Chris Fields, Sarah Hird, Karsten Hokamp, Hilmar Lapp, Mónica Muñoz-Torres Program Committee: Nomi Harris, Brad Chapman, Peter Cock, Karsten Hokamp, Raoul Bonnal, Chris Fields, Karen Cranston, Jens Lichtenberg, Eric Talevich, Frank Nothaft, Michael Heuer, Mónica Muñoz-Torres, Francesco Strozzi, Hans-Rudolf Hotz, Timothy Booth, Tiago Antão, George Githinji, Manuel Corpas, Thomas Down, Sarah Hird, Scott Markel, Rob Davey, Spencer Bliven, Michael Reich, Lorena Pantano, Björn Grüning, Hilmar Lapp, Daniel Blankenberg, Amye Kenall, Hervé Menager BOSC is a community effort—we thank all those who made it possible, including the organizing committee, the program committee, the session chairs, our sponsors, and the ISMB SIG chair, Steven Leard. If you are interested in helping to organize BOSC 2016, please email [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Featured Speakers
    2020 Featured Speakers Partial List – see main agenda for a comprehensive list of speakers Government Officials Marissa Aho Lara Cottingham H.E. Rocío Nahle García Chief Resilience Officer, City of Houston Chief Sustainability Officer, City of Houston, Secretary of Energy, Ministry of Energy Mexico Abdirashid Mohamed Ahmed Office of Sustainability Naheed Nenshi Barney Crockett Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Lord Provost of Aberdeen City, Aberdeen City Mayor, The City of Calgary Ministry of Petroleum & Mineral Resources, Council Nurlan Askarovich Nogaev Somalia S.C.L. Das Minister of Energy, Ministry of Energy, Republic Mohamed Al Hammadi Director General, Directorate General of of Kazakhstan CEO, Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation Hydrocarbons (DGH) Seamus O’Regan Mr. Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi H.E. Eng. Tarek El Molla Minister of Natural Resources, Canada Minister of State for Energy Affairs, Qatar Minister of Petroleum, Egypt Roman Opimakh Ibrahim Al-Muhanna Hon. Paul M. Dabbar Director General, State Geologic and Subsoil Consultant & Advisor to Saudi Oil Ministry, Under Secretary for Science, US DOE Survey of Ukraine Ministry of Energy, Industry and Mineral Francis Fannon Jaime Pumarejo Resources Saudi Arabia Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Energy Mayor of Barranquilla, City of Barranquilla Ayed S. Al-Qahtani Resources (ENR), US DOS Jeff Radebe Director of Research Division, OPEC Jesper Frost Rasmussen Special Envoy for Energy, South Africa Fahad Al-Jubair Mayor, Esbjerg Kommune Joy Romero Mayor, Eastern Province Municipality
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    Press release Communications Group, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK OX14 3DB Tel: 44 (0)1235 466232 Web: www.ccfe.ac.uk Wednesday 29 June 2011 Professor Steven Cowley appointed to Government Council for Science and Technology Prime Minister David Cameron has appointed Professor Steven Cowley, CEO of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, as a member of the Council for Science and Technology. The Council for Science and Technology is the UK Government’s top-level advisory body on science and technology policy issues. It is made up of figures from senior levels in science and engineering fields from industry, business and academia, and reports directly to the Prime Minister. Steven Cowley is a theoretical physicist who has been CEO of the UK Atomic Energy Authority since 2009. The Authority operates Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, near Oxford, which is developing nuclear fusion as a large-scale, low-carbon energy source for the future. Before joining the Authority, Steven Cowley was a professor at the University of California Los Angeles and led the plasma physics group at Imperial College, London, where he remains a part-time professor. He has published over 140 papers and articles during his scientific career. Professor Keith Burnett, a Board member of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, has also been appointed to the Council for Science and Technology. Professor Steven Cowley said: “The quality of the UK’s science and technology is second to none and our future prosperity depends it. I am honoured to serve on a Council dedicated to enhancing UK science and technology.” Announcing the appointment of new Council members, David Cameron said: “We have some of the world’s best scientists, leading technologies, cutting edge facilities and the most innovative hi-tech companies, and it is our determination that we do all that we can to ensure the UK remains one of the world leaders in this field.
    [Show full text]
  • BPA NEWS Board on Physics and Astronomy • the National Academies • Washington, D.C
    BPA NEWS Board on Physics and Astronomy • The National Academies • Washington, D.C. • 202-334-3520 • national-academies.org/bpa • Winter 2005-2006 Plasma 2010: An Assessment of and Outlook for Plasma Science n assessment of plasma science in vanced understanding, scientists are opportunities well to policy makers and the United States is being con- poised to address key questions in the scientists in other fields: Aducted as part of the decadal areas of plasma turbulence and self- 1. Assess the progress and achieve- assessment and outlook Physics 2010. organization, plasma dynamics with ments of plasma science over the past Since publication of the previous asymmetric magnetic fields, extreme decade. decadal study of this area in 1995, the and unusual plasma states, and nonlin- 2. Identify the new opportunities and field has undergone rapid advances and ear plasma interactions with intense the compelling science questions for significant changes—ranging from a electromagnetic fields. One of the areas plasma science, frame the outlook for refocused mission of the DOE fusion of greatest promise is the effort to the future, and place the field in the science program to new plasma pro- achieve sustainable fusion power; this context of physics as a whole. cessing technologies arriving in the goal cannot be realized without an 3. Evaluate the opportunities and commercial marketplace to significant integrated approach to the science and challenges for the applications of plasma advances in understanding how to technology challenges. science to fusion and other fields. confine plasmas. A new field called With support from DOE, NSF, and 4. Offer guidance to the government high-energy-density physics has been NASA, the National Research Council research programs and the scientific defined that foretells new connections formed a committee with broad exper- communities aimed at addressing these between astrophysical phenomena and tise in plasma science and neighboring challenges and realizing these opportu- laboratory experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019–20 Commencement Program
    Commencement UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER MAY 16, 2020 One Hundred Forty-Fourth Year of the University NORLIN CHARGE TO THE GRADUATES The frst commencement at the University of Colorado was held for six graduates on June 8, 1882, in the chapel of Old Main. It was not until 40 years later, on September 4, 1922, that the frst summer commencement was held. Since the frst commencement in 1882, the University of Colorado Boulder has awarded more than 350,000 degrees. The traditional Norlin Charge to the graduates was frst read by President George Norlin to the June 1935 graduating class. You are now certified to the world at large as alumni of the university. She is your kindly mother and you her cherished sons and daughters. This exercise denotes not your severance from her, but your union with her. Commencement does not mean, as many wrongly think, the breaking of ties and the beginning of life apart. Rather it marks your initiation in the fullest sense into the fellowship of the university, as bearers of her torch, as centers of her influence, as promoters of her spirit. The university is not the campus, not the buildings on campus, not the faculties, not the students of any one time—not one of these or all of them. The university consists of all who come into and go forth from her halls, who are touched by her influence, and who carry on her spirit. Wherever you go, the university goes with you. Wherever you are at work, there is the university at work.
    [Show full text]