Transforming Eye Care
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Dominant Retinas: a Novel Pathway for Visual- Pigment Regeneration in Daylight
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Neuron, Vol. 36, 69–80, September 26, 2002, Copyright 2002 by Cell Press Isomerization and Oxidation of Vitamin A in Cone- Dominant Retinas: A Novel Pathway for Visual- Pigment Regeneration in Daylight Nathan L. Mata,1 Roxana A. Radu,1 cis-retinaldehyde through a multistep pathway called Richard S. Clemmons,3 and Gabriel H. Travis1,2,4 the visual cycle (Figure 1B). Most of what is known about 1Jules Stein Eye Institute the visual cycle has come from the study of rod-domi- 2 Department of Biological Chemistry nant species such as cattle and rodents. UCLA School of Medicine Several lines of evidence suggest that rod and cone Los Angeles, California 90095 photopigments regenerate by different mechanisms. In 3 Center for Basic Neuroscience frog retinas separated from the retinal pigment epithe- UT Southwestern Medical Center lium (RPE), cone opsin, but not rhodopsin, regenerates Dallas, Texas 75235 spontaneously (Goldstein and Wolf, 1973; Hood and Hock, 1973). After bleaching, isolated salamander cones, but not rods, recover sensitivity with addition of Summary 11-cis-retinol (Jones et al., 1989). Cultured Mu¨ ller cells isomerize all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol, which they The first step toward light perception is 11-cis to all- secrete into the medium (Das et al., 1992). Mu¨ ller cells, trans photoisomerization of the retinaldehyde chro- in addition to RPE cells, contain cellular retinaldehyde mophore in a rod or cone opsin-pigment molecule. binding protein (CRALBP), which specifically binds 11- Light sensitivity of the opsin pigment is restored cis-retinoids (Bunt-Milam and Saari, 1983; Saari and through a multistep pathway called the visual cycle, Bredberg, 1987). -
Retinoid Isomerase Inhibitors Impair but Do Not Block Mammalian Cone Photoreceptor Function
Published Online: 2 March, 2018 | Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201711815 Downloaded from jgp.rupress.org on April 2, 2018 RESEARCH ARTICLE Retinoid isomerase inhibitors impair but do not block mammalian cone photoreceptor function Philip D. Kiser1,2, Jianye Zhang2, Aditya Sharma3, Juan M. Angueyra4, Alexander V. Kolesnikov3, Mohsen Badiee5, Gregory P. Tochtrop5, Junzo Kinoshita6, Neal S. Peachey1,6,7, Wei Li4, Vladimir J. Kefalov3, and Krzysztof Palczewski2 Visual function in vertebrates critically depends on the continuous regeneration of visual pigments in rod and cone photoreceptors. RPE65 is a well-established retinoid isomerase in the pigment epithelium that regenerates rhodopsin during the rod visual cycle; however, its contribution to the regeneration of cone pigments remains obscure. In this study, we use potent and selective RPE65 inhibitors in rod- and cone-dominant animal models to discern the role of this enzyme in cone-mediated vision. We confirm that retinylamine and emixustat-family compounds selectively inhibit RPE65 over DES1, the putative retinoid isomerase of the intraretinal visual cycle. In vivo and ex vivo electroretinography experiments in Gnat1−/− mice demonstrate that acute administration of RPE65 inhibitors after a bleach suppresses the late, slow phase of cone dark adaptation without affecting the initial rapid portion, which reflects intraretinal visual cycle function. Acute administration of these compounds does not affect the light sensitivity of cone photoreceptors in mice during extended exposure to background light, but does slow all phases of subsequent dark recovery. We also show that cone function is only partially suppressed in cone-dominant ground squirrels and wild-type mice by multiday administration of an RPE65 inhibitor despite profound blockade of RPE65 activity. -
Anesthesia for Eye Surgery
Anesthesia for Eye Surgery Having a surgery can be stressful. We would like to provide you the following information to help you prepare for your eye surgery. Eye surgeries are typically done under topical or local anesthesia with or without mild sedation. Topical Anesthesia This is administered via special eye drops by a preoperative nurse. Local Anesthesia This is administered via injection by an ophthalmologist. Your ophthalmologist will inject local anesthesia to the eye that is to undergo the operation. During the injection, you will be lightly sedated. In the operating room During the procedure it is very important that you remain still. This is a very delicate surgery; any abrupt movement can hinder a surgeon’s performance. If you have any concerns during the surgery, such as pain, urge to cough or itching, please let us know immediately. Typically, patients are not heavily sedated for this type of procedure. Therefore, it is normal for patients to feel pressure around their eyes, but not pain. In order to maintain surgical sterility, your face and body will be covered with a sterile drape. You will be given supplemental oxygen to breathe. An anesthesia clinician will continue to monitor your vital signs for the duration of the procedure. The length of the procedure usually ranges from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. In the recovery room After surgery, you will be brought to the recovery room. A recovery room nurse will continue to monitor your vital signs for the next 20 to 30 minutes. It is important that you do not drive or operate any machinery for the next 24 hours. -
Table of Contents
Leadership Development Program Project Abstracts Table of Contents LDP XXII, CLASS OF 2020 GRADUATES Name/Society/Project Page John J. Chen, MD, PhD 1 North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society Project: The Neuro-Ophthalmology career path: misconceptions and barriers to recruitment Jeremy D. Clark, MD 2 Kentucky Academy of Eye Physicians and Surgeons Project: The Web of Innovation: Silent Auction Benefitting Political Action funds in Kentucky Gennifer J. Greebel, MD 3 New York State Ophthalmological Society Project: Inspiring Professional Aspirations in Adolescents with Low Vision Mark A. Greiner, MD 4 Eye Bank Association of America Project: Revisiting Eye Banking Medical Standards To Accommodate Emerging Technologies Jennifer F. Jordan, MD 5 North Carolina Society of Eye Physicians and Surgeons Project: Advocacy Exposure for North Carolina Ophthalmologists in Training Kapil G. Kapoor, MD 6 Virginia Society of Eye Physicians and Surgeons Project: Unwrapping Virginia Bill 506B Erin Lichtenstein, MD 7 Maine Society of Eye Physicians and Surgeons Project: Bringing Ophthalmology Residents to Maine Jennifer L. Lindsey, MD 8 Association of Veterans Affairs Ophthalmologists Project: Illuminating the Path to Advocacy for Veterans Affairs Ophthalmologists Donald A. Morris, DO 9 American Osteopathic College of Ophthalmology Project: Single Accreditation of Ophthalmology residencies is here. What is the next step? Lisa Nijm, MD, JD 10 Women in Ophthalmology Project: Implementing a Clinical Trials Training Program to Increase Diversity of Primary Investigators Involved in Ophthalmic Research LDP XXII, CLASS OF 2020 GRADUATES (cont’d) Name/Society/Project Page Roma P. Patel, MD, MBA 11 California Academy of Eye Physicians and Surgeons Project: Increasing Membership Value to our CAEPS Members Jelena Potic, MD, PhD 12 European Society of Ophthalmology Project: Harmonization of Surgical Skills Standards for Young Ophthalmologists across Europe Pradeep Y. -
Laser Vision Correction Surgery
Patient Information Laser Vision Correction 1 Contents What is Laser Vision Correction? 3 What are the benefits? 3 Who is suitable for laser vision correction? 4 What are the alternatives? 5 Vision correction surgery alternatives 5 Alternative laser procedures 5 Continuing in glasses or contact lenses 5 How is Laser Vision Correction performed? 6 LASIK 6 Surface laser treatments 6 SMILE 6 What are the risks? 7 Loss of vision 7 Additional surgery 7 Risks of contact lens wear 7 What are the side effects? 8 Vision 8 Eye comfort 8 Eye Appearance 8 Will laser vision correction affect my future eye health care? 8 How can I reduce the risk of problems? 9 How much does laser vision correction cost? 9 2 What is Laser Vision Correction? Modern surgical lasers are able to alter the curvature and focusing power of the front surface of the eye (the cornea) very accurately to correct short sight (myopia), long sight (hyperopia), and astigmatism. Three types of procedure are commonly used in If you are suitable for laser vision correction, your the UK: LASIK, surface laser treatments (PRK, surgeon will discuss which type of procedure is the LASEK, TransPRK) and SMILE. Risks and benefits are best option for you. similar, and all these procedures normally produce very good results in the right patients. Differences between these laser vision correction procedures are explained below. What are the benefits? For most patients, vision after laser correction is similar to vision in contact lenses before surgery, without the potential discomfort and limitations on activity. Glasses may still be required for some activities after Short sight and astigmatism normally stabilize in treatment, particularly for reading in older patients. -
New Horizons Forum
Speeding the development of new therapies and diagnostics for glaucoma patients New Horizons Forum Friday, February 9, 2018 Palace Hotel, San Francisco, CA © Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Irvine, CA 92614 Follow the meeting on Twitter: #Glaucoma360 MLR-0002 Glaucoma Research Foundation thanks the following sponsors WELCOME for their generous support of Glaucoma 360 PLATINUM It is our sincere pleasure to welcome you to the 7th Annual Glaucoma 360: New Horizons Forum, hosted by Glaucoma Research Foundation. This important meeting provides a unique opportunity to bring together leaders in medicine, science, industry, venture capital, and the FDA to discuss emerging ideas in glaucoma and encourage collaboration to accelerate their development for clinical use. Since its establishment in 2012, this annual forum continues to grow and provide the ultimate opportunity to highlight important advances and facilitate networking between these essential groups. As a result, there are now more effective therapies and diagnostic tools in clinical practice today to help doctors manage the disease more effectively. But, unmet medical needs remain in glaucoma. Glaucoma Research Foundation is resolute in its mission to preserve vision and continue its role as a catalyst in the advancement of research towards new treatments and a cure. SILVER Glaucoma 360 would not be possible without the generous and selfless contributions of so many including: members of our Advisory Board, Program and Steering Committees who have volunteered their time to build an outstanding agenda; our dedicated sponsors who have helped to underwrite this event; our speakers, presenters, and panelists who are ready to share their expertise and unique perspectives; our attendees; the support of our Board of Directors and staff at Glaucoma Research Foundation; and the hard working team at The Palace Hotel. -
Root Eye Dictionary a "Layman's Explanation" of the Eye and Common Eye Problems
Welcome! This is the free PDF version of this book. Feel free to share and e-mail it to your friends. If you find this book useful, please support this project by buying the printed version at Amazon.com. Here is the link: http://www.rooteyedictionary.com/printversion Timothy Root, M.D. Root Eye Dictionary A "Layman's Explanation" of the eye and common eye problems Written and Illustrated by Timothy Root, M.D. www.RootEyeDictionary.com 1 Contents: Introduction The Dictionary, A-Z Extra Stuff - Abbreviations - Other Books by Dr. Root 2 Intro 3 INTRODUCTION Greetings and welcome to the Root Eye Dictionary. Inside these pages you will find an alphabetical listing of common eye diseases and visual problems I treat on a day-to-day basis. Ophthalmology is a field riddled with confusing concepts and nomenclature, so I figured a layman's dictionary might help you "decode" the medical jargon. Hopefully, this explanatory approach helps remove some of the mystery behind eye disease. With this book, you should be able to: 1. Look up any eye "diagnosis" you or your family has been given 2. Know why you are getting eye "tests" 3. Look up the ingredients of your eye drops. As you read any particular topic, you will see that some words are underlined. An underlined word means that I've written another entry for that particular topic. You can flip to that section if you'd like further explanation, though I've attempted to make each entry understandable on its own merit. I'm hoping this approach allows you to learn more about the eye without getting bogged down with minutia .. -
Cme Reviewarticle
Volume 58, Number 2 OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY Copyright © 2003 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. CME REVIEWARTICLE 5 CHIEF EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is part of a series of continuing education activities in this Journal through which a total of 36 AMA/PRA category 1 credit hours can be earned in 2003. Instructions for how CME credits can be earned appear on the last page of the Table of Contents. Ocular Changes in Pregnancy Robert B. Dinn, BS,* Alon Harris, MSc, PhD† and Peter S. Marcus, MD‡ *Fourth Year Medical Student, Indiana University School of Medicine; †Professor, Glaucoma Research and Diagnostic Center, Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine; and ‡Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Visual changes in pregnancy are common, and many are specifically associated with the preg- nancy itself. Serous retinal detachments and blindness occur more frequently during preeclampsia and often subside postpartum. Pregnant women are at increased risk for the progression of preexisting proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic women should see an ophthalmologist before pregnancy or early in the first trimester. The results of refractive eye surgery before, during, or immediately after pregnancy are unpredictable, and refractive surgery should be postponed until there is a stable postpartum refraction. A decreased tolerance to contact lenses also is common during pregnancy; therefore, it is advisable to fit contact lenses postpartum. Furthermore, preg- nancy is associated with a decreased intraocular pressure in healthy eyes, and the effects of glaucoma medications on the fetus and breast-fed infant are largely unknown. -
Key Enzymes of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle in Vertebrate Retina☆
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1821 (2012) 137–151 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biochimica et Biophysica Acta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbalip Review Key enzymes of the retinoid (visual) cycle in vertebrate retina☆ Philip D. Kiser a,1, Marcin Golczak a,1, Akiko Maeda a,b,⁎, Krzysztof Palczewski a,⁎⁎ a Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4965, USA b Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4965, USA article info abstract Article history: A major goal in vision research over the past few decades has been to understand the molecular details of Received 19 January 2011 retinoid processing within the retinoid (visual) cycle. This includes the consequences of side reactions that Received in revised form 8 March 2011 result from delayed all-trans-retinal clearance and condensation with phospholipids that characterize a Accepted 22 March 2011 variety of serious retinal diseases. Knowledge of the basic retinoid biochemistry involved in these diseases is Available online 5 April 2011 essential for development of effective therapeutics. Photoisomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin triggers a complex set of metabolic transformations collectively termed phototransduction that Keywords: RPE65 ultimately lead to light perception. Continuity of vision depends on continuous conversion of all-trans-retinal Retinol dehydrogenase back to the 11-cis-retinal isomer. This process takes place in a series of reactions known as the retinoid cycle, Visual cycle which occur in photoreceptor and RPE cells. All-trans-retinal, the initial substrate of this cycle, is a chemically Retinoid cycle reactive aldehyde that can form toxic conjugates with proteins and lipids. -
Anesthesia Management of Ophthalmic Surgery in Geriatric Patients
Anesthesia Management of Ophthalmic Surgery in Geriatric Patients Zhuang T. Fang, M.D., MSPH Clinical Professor Associate Director, the Jules Stein Eye Institute Operating Rooms Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 1. Overview of Ophthalmic Surgery and Anesthesia Ophthalmic surgery is currently the most common procedure among the elderly population in the United States, primarily performed in ambulatory surgical centers. The outcome of ophthalmic surgery is usually good because the eye disorders requiring surgery are generally not life threatening. In fact, cataract surgery can improve an elderly patient’s vision dramatically leading to improvement in their quality of life and prevention of injury due to falls. There have been significant changes in many of the ophthalmic procedures, especially cataract and retinal procedures. Revolutionary improvements of the technology making these procedures easier and taking less time to perform have rendered them safer with fewer complications from the anesthesiology standpoint. Ophthalmic surgery consists of cataract, glaucoma, and retinal surgery, including vitrectomy (20, 23, 25, or 27 gauge) and scleral buckle for not only retinal detachment, but also for diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane and macular hole surgery, and radioactive plaque implantation for choroidal melanoma. Other procedures include strabismus repair, corneal transplantation, and plastic surgery, including blepharoplasty (ptosis repair), dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) -
Tsin-CV; Updated 6/94
Updated June, 2019 Andrew Tsin CURRICULUM VITAE Andrew Tsin, Ph.D. Professor and Chair Deaprtment of Molecular Science And Senior Associate Dean of Research School of Medicine The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UT Health – Rio Grande Valley) CONTACT INFO: Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1210 W. Schunior St., Edinburg, TX 78541 Phone: (956) 665-6599 Email: [email protected] CITIZENSHIP: USA and CANADA EDUCATION/TRAINING: 1973 BS in Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 1976 MS in Zoology (Physiology), The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 1979 Ph.D. in Zoology (Physiology), The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 1979-81 Postdoctoral Fellow, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas CONTINUED EDUCTION: 2014 Healing Health Care Disparities through Education: An Interdisciplinary Faculty Development Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 2016 Effective Validation of Commercialization Strategy through tactical collection and analysis of data from direct interaction with customer- a short course by The Southwest Node of the National Science Foundation Innovation Corps (I-Corps) Program, The IC2 Institute of the University of Texas at Austin. 2017 Organizational Leadership in Academic Medicine: An Executive Development Seminar for Associate Deans and Department Chairs, AAMC (Association of American Medical -
Anaesthesia for Eye Surgery Eye Surgery Can Be Performed Under Eye Block, Topical Anaesthesia Or General Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia for eye surgery Eye surgery can be performed under eye block, topical anaesthesia or general anaesthesia. The choice of anaesthesia depends on the patient, type of surgery and the preference of the eye surgeon and patient. Eye blocks Eye blocks are commonly used for eye surgery and involve one or two injections of local anaesthetic around the eye. Once the local anaesthetic drug begins to work, usually in around 10 minutes, the patient will not be able to see out of the eye or move it and surgery may begin. After the surgery, the eye is covered with a patch and is reviewed the next day. Reaction to local anaesthetic drugs is rare; however, it is not uncommon for the white part of the eye, the conjunctiva, to become swollen and red. The risks of the block include eye perforation (less than 1 per cent) and bleeding into the eye (less than 1 per cent). Topical anaesthesia Topical anaesthesia is commonly used in patients who are unable to have an eye block or in rare cases where the eye block fails to provide adequate anaesthesia and analgesia. Cataract surgery can be performed under topical anaesthesia using local anaesthetic eye drops, although this does not result in the same surgical operating conditions that can be achieved with an eye block. From a medical point of view, the patient should be able to lie flat. Patients with significant heart failure or respiratory disease may not be able to do so. General anaesthesia General anaesthesia involves the patient being put into a medication-induced state which, when deep enough, means that the patient will not respond to pain and includes changes in breathing and circulation.