DOCSLIB.ORG

The Concept, Analysis and Critical Thinking Involved in Flow Net Theory - a Project Based Learning Approach Using Cofferdams

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Concept, Analysis and Critical Thinking Involved in Flow Net Theory - a Project Based Learning Approach Using Cofferdams University of Southern Queensland Faculty of Engineering and Surveying The Concept, Analysis and Critical Thinking Involved in Flow Net Theory - A Project Based Learning Approach Using Cofferdams A dissertation submitted by Joseph Edward Marstella In fulfillment of the requirements of Courses ENG4111 and ENG4112 Research Project towards the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (CIVIL) Submitted: October, 2010 iii Certification I certify that the ideas, designs and experimental work, results, analyses and conclusions set out in this dissertation are entirely my own effort, except where otherwise indicated and acknowledged. I further certify that the work is original and has not been previously submitted for assessment in any other course of institution, except where specifically stated. Joseph Edward Marstella Student Number: 0050071866 _______________________________________ Signature _______________________________________ Date iv University of Southern Queensland Faculty of Engineering and Surveying ENG4111 Research Project Part 1 & ENG4112 Research Project Part 2 Limitations of Use The Council of the University of Southern Queensland, its Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, and the staff of the University of Southern Queensland, do not accept any responsibility for the truth, accuracy or completeness of material contained within or associated with this dissertation. Persons using all or any part of this material do so at their own risk, and not at the risk of the Council of the University of Southern Queensland, its Faculty of Engineering and Surveying or the staff of the University of Southern Queensland. This dissertation reports an educational exercise and has no purpose or validity beyond this exercise. The sole purpose of the course "Project and Dissertation" is to contribute to the overall education within the student‟s chosen degree program. This document, the associated hardware, software, drawings, and other material set out in the associated appendices should not be used for any other purpose: if they are so used, it is entirely at the risk of the user. Professor Frank Bullen Dean Faculty of Engineering and Surveying v Acknowledgement I would like to thank my friends and family for their continued support throughout my degree duration. I would particularly like to thank Dr Jim Shiau for his knowledge, assistance, support and input into this piece of professional literature. Without the support of Dr Jim Shiau, my family and friends it would have been near impossible for me to progress this far through my education and produce a dissertation such as this. The support of my mother and father has been greatly appreciated throughout the course of my research project. Thanks must also go to my close friends for their continued encouragement and support. The USQ faculty and its members have been extremely helpful with the physical and practical work involved in this research project. This thesis represents the combined efforts of many people that I have drawn on for information, inspiration and support. vi Abstract The concept of project based learning is best presented in the following scenario: Figure 1.0 Possible Cofferdam Construction Site This is a project based learning task involving research in relation to the design of a cofferdam. The following scenario was presented to a student by a project supervisor for a final year research project (ENG4111 Research Project Part 1 and ENG4112 Research Project Part 2). “Imagine you are a graduate civil engineer working for a Geotechnical Consulting firm. Your boss confronts you one day and gives you a photograph of a possible project site (Figure 1.0). Your boss is a typical business manager with non-technical experience in relation to geotechnical engineering. He/She may be incredibly vague as to what project analysis is required for the problem and would be only interested superficially from a cost-benefit perspective. It is your job, as a geotechnical engineer, to do a preliminary investigation of the possible project site. You must present and discuss implications that may arise through your analysis. Address the investigation and present outcomes in a professional manner and demonstrate your critical thinking, concepts and assumptions. Present all findings in your dissertation. The last date to submit the dissertation is 28 October 2010.” vii Table of Contents Certification ............................................................................................................................................................ iv Limitations of Use .................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................................... vi Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................... xiii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................ xiv List of Nomenclature .............................................................................................................................................. xv Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1Background and introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Objectives and problem definition .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Organization of thesis ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Preliminary Scenario ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.0 Breakdown of works for flow nets ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Synopsis ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Brainstorming Approach ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Approach to examine problem ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Review of flow net theory ............................................................................................................................ 13 History of flow net use .......................................................................................................................... 14 Engineering process required prior to flow net investigation .................................................................. 15 What is a cofferdam ? ............................................................................................................................ 16 Permeability .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Quicksand condition .............................................................................................................................. 18 Process of flow net construction ............................................................................................................ 18 Behaviour of water in soils - Permeability ............................................................................................. 20 Calculations involved in flow nets ......................................................................................................... 22 The development of flow net theory ...................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 25 2.6 Causes for flow net error .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.7 Calculation correction for flow nets .............................................................................................................. 26 2.8 Assumptions made in relation to flow nets ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sensitivity Study of Different Parameters Affecting Design of the Clay Blanket in Small Earthen Dams
    Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 48, No. 2, 2015 pp.139-147 Sensitivity study of different parameters affecting design of the clay blanket in small earthen dams Ishtiaq Alam and Irshad Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Abstract Dams are structures that retain water for human services. Dams may be earthen, concrete, timber, steel or masonry made. On the basis of size, they may be small, medium and large. The main purpose of a dam is to divert the flow of water for the intended use. Flow of water cannot be stopped permanently even by the best dam ever made. Water may seep from dam body, abutments or the foundation bed below the body of the dam. To control seepage from the foundation bed, certain available methods like cutoff trench, cutoff walls, diaphragms, grout curtains, sheet pile walls and upstream impervious blankets are used. Upstream impervious blankets are considered more economical compared with the other methods mentioned above. The key parameters playing role in blanket efficiency are length of blanket, thickness of blanket, clay core width of the dam, foundation bed depth up to impervious zone, reservoir head, permeability of blanket material and permeability of bed material. This study is focused on the effect of these parameters in seepage control. Seep/W, a finite element method based software is used to model all the mentioned parameters within the individually selected ranges. The results based on the software analysis show that when the length of blanket is gradually increased, the seepage quantity reduces gradually until a specific length where the effect of further increase in length become meaningless.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Th THAICID NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
    th 10 THAICID NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM Basement rock structure and seepage analysis influences on dam foundation design: Khlong Kra Sae Project area, Bo Thong district, Chonburi province, Thailand. Tirawut Na Lampang1*, Nipong Vajanapoom1, Tana Thongchaloem2, Ekkarin Noisomsri1 1Geology division, Office of Topographical and Geotechnical survey, Royal Irrigation Department, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand. 2Construction project, Royal Irrigation Office 8, Royal Irrigation Department, Nakhonrachasima, Thailand. *Corresponding author: E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Na Lampang). Abstract Basement rock structure and seepage analysis of dam foundation are important in dam design, geological field investigation and hydrogeology field investigation should be studied in detail. In this paper, rock structural characterization of rock masses used for evaluate discontinuity pattern compared to seepage analysis of dam foundation by using finite element method (FEM) in anisotropy seepage focus on basement rock. The eastern part of Thailand is defined to be tectonic zone that compose of fold and thrust belts which is product from the Indosinian orogeny during the Permian–Triassic Period. The structural analysis and synthesis was constructed the idealize modeling of rock structure in study area. In project area composed of Triassic sandstone. Rock structure analysis in Kholng Kra Sae Project illustrate bedding in E–W and NE–SW trend dip direction to south. Structure synthesis of bedding in π–diagram show overturn fold. Folding has axial plane orientate about ◦ ◦ 071 /54 SE. Joint patterns are illustrating dip directions to 4 directions which composed of SW, NW, NE and SE. In addition, joint pattern shows sub-perpendicular trend, that indicates blocky or net pattern. Results from numerical modeling are corresponding to geological investigation, it was showed that discontinuity pattern causes an affect to horizontal discontinuity is continuous more than vertical discontinuity, that causes to water can flow in horizontal easier than vertical flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Water-Sciences Software Guide
    Table of Contents In The Name Of God the Compassionate the Merciful ! "#$% Application of Computers in Water-Sciences :&' ' ) #* Seyyed Javad Hoseiny : +, #./ +- Dr. Mhohamad Aflatuni 84 ) ' August 2005 219 3 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, 34 5 6/ Table of Contents 1 Special Thanks 4 1 2 Abstract 5 2 3 Suggestions 6 3 4 Reason of Importance 7 4 5 Similar Researches 8 5 Detailed Guide for The First 6 9 #$% &' 12 !" # 6 Top 12 Software 7 Where to Find the Software 32 +,) # #$% &' () * 7 8 Software-Course List 33 /# .#$% &' -% 8 9 Rating Method 56 0# 1# 9 10 Initials & Expressions 58 23456 #!78 ,94 10 11 Full Software List 59 ,2/ " 7 6/ 11 12 CD Introduction 201 - %: 12 13 Website Introduction 202 - %: 13 To Those Who Are Whishing to # ;<4 0= >< 14 Continue Researching in This Field 204 14 * ? 15 Contact Us 205 / 15 16 Refrences and Resources 206 @8A B 16 17 What Do You Say? 218 + =C D 17 219 4 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, 8 ' 9' Special Thanks ,' =8 =' #= #= , # # E ;= 'F=G H ? # ) &)D # 8 :;= - =: 3 # * ) (# 7-) '=G4% 7) . (* D N' *#) ' 7-) 2HL ,M' ":0 7) . 7D# # 7) =(' . 5< 5< O4 P=QH #@N' ) #= ,-< 1='% / . (;LS.;-# 7:6 N' R=L#=Q7# =7 7H' R=L# (; * # S 7 )) 'H3 * / . ( L7- Griffith N' 7-) Graham Jenkins 7) . (; /# N' 7-) ,: =0 7) . (VS - E.#- N' 7-) 3 #U T L8 7) . (S Utah State N' # S 7-) Wynn R. Walker 7) . ., # '#< ' Back to Contents 219 5 -01 ! "#$% ,2/ " +, :9-' 8; Abstract '# [7E #) VS &= ;XU36 ;-D#) Y;=(' ;) DS ? * Z .- E ? \ )S *=3 # =T= UG
    [Show full text]
  • V5.5 Peer Review Final Report [PDF, 1.1
    The South Florida Water Management Model, Version 5.5 Review of the SFWMM Adequacy as a Tool for Addressing Water Resources Issues Final Panel Report October 28, 2005 Panel: Rafael L. Bras, Chair Anthony Donigian Wendy Graham Vijay Singh Jery Stedinger Executive Summary Panel Task On August 1 2005 the South Florida Water Management District convened a panel of experts to perform a review of the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM), version 5.5, as described on the Documentation of the South Florida Water management Model, Version 5.5, Final Draft, August 2005. The essence of the Panel’s task was “To conduct an independent and objective review of the adequacy of the SFWMM [South Florida Water Management Model] as a regional modeling tool for addressing water resources issues in South Florida. The review shall rely on the latest documentation of the model as the primary source of information about the model.” The panel interpreted the mandate broadly, seeking to judge the adequacy of the model for its stated objectives and judging whether the written documentation articulates sufficiently well the capabilities of the model. It should be noted that the Panel could not, nor attempted to judge the accuracy of the coding of the model nor did it perform quality control exercises to vouch that it is error free. The Panel judged intended functionality and performance based only on the material provided and hence the accuracy of the model over its whole range of operations cannot be ascertained, except by written and oral assurances of the SFWMD staff and other users.
    [Show full text]
  • GMS 10.1 Tutorial UTEXAS – Dam with Seepage Use SEEP2D and UTEXAS to Model Seepage and Slope Stability of an Earth Dam
    v. 10.1 GMS 10.1 Tutorial UTEXAS – Dam with Seepage Use SEEP2D and UTEXAS to model seepage and slope stability of an earth dam Objectives Learn how to build an integrated SEEP2D/UTEXAS model in GMS. Prerequisite Tutorials Required Components Time • SEEP2D – Earth Dam • GIS • 25–40 minutes • UTEXAS – Natural Slope • Map Module • Mesh Module • SEEP2D • UTEXAS Page 1 of 16 © Aquaveo 2015 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Outline .......................................................................................................................... 3 2 Program Mode..................................................................................................................... 3 3 Getting Started .................................................................................................................... 3 4 Set the Units ......................................................................................................................... 4 5 Save the GMS Project File ................................................................................................. 4 6 Create the Conceptual Model Features ............................................................................. 5 6.1 Create the Points .......................................................................................................... 5 6.2 Create the Arcs and Polygons ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report
    Final Presented @ USSD Annual Conf, Charleston, SC April 14-16, 2003 CONSTRUCTION DEWATERING AT SALUDA DAM; DESIGN, TESTING, AND IMPLEMENTATION John P. Osterle1 Paul C. Rizzo, P.E.2 William Argentieri, P.E.3 Jeffrey D. Holchin, P.E.4 ABSTRACT The proposed Remediation of Saluda Dam, located approximately ten miles to the west of Columbia South Carolina and owned and operated by South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G), consists of a 5,500-foot-long Rock Fill Berm and a 2,200-foot-long Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Berm. This combination RCC and Rockfill Berm will be constructed along the downstream toe of the existing 200-foot-high earth embankment dam. Should the existing Dam fail during a seismic event, the combination Rockfill and RCC Berm will serve as a backup dam to prevent an uncontrolled release of Lake Murray. Extensive foundation excavations into the residual soil or to bedrock at the toe of the existing Dam are required to facilitate the construction of the RCC and Rockfill Berm. To maintain an adequate factor of safety against slope instability for the existing Dam during construction, the existing phreatic surface within the Dam needs to be lowered substantially by dewatering. Based on the hydrogeologic conditions at the site, Paul C. Rizzo Associates (RIZZO) determined that the dewatering system should consist primarily of deep wells and eductors. Numerous components of this system that have been installed are currently operating to lower the phreatic surface within the Dam and downstream foundation excavation. Engineering analyses consisting of analytical models and finite element analyses were utilized to estimate the approximate spacing and flow rate required for the deep wells and eductors.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater - Surface Water Interaction Under the Effects of Climate and Land Use Changes
    GROUNDWATER - SURFACE WATER INTERACTION UNDER THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGES by Gopal Chandra Saha B.Sc., Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh, 2003 M.Sc., Stuttgart University, Germany, 2006 M.Sc., Auburn University, USA, 2009 DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA September 2014 © Gopal Chandra Saha, 2014 UMI Number: 3663187 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Di!ss0?t&Ciori Piiblist’Mlg UMI 3663187 Published by ProQuest LLC 2015. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT Historical observed data and future climate projections provide enough evidence that water resources systems (i.e., surface water and groundwater) are extremely vulnerable to climate change. However, the impact of climate change on water resources systems varies from region to region. Therefore, climate change impact studies of water resources systems are of interest at regional to local scales. These studies provide a better understanding of the sensitivity of water resources systems to changes in climatic variables (i.e., precipitation and temperature), and help to manage future water resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Models: How the Science Can Empower the Management?
    Groundwater Models: How the Science Can Empower the Management? N.C. Ghosh and Kapil D. Sharma National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India Abstract Protection, restoration and development of groundwater supplies and remediation of contaminated aquifers are the driving issues in groundwater resource management. These issues are further triggered on and driven by the population expansion and increasing demands. To transform the ‘vicious circles’ of groundwater availabilities into ‘virtuous circles’ of demands, understanding of the aquifer behavior in response to imposed stresses and/or strains is essentially required. If groundwater management strategies are directed towards balancing the exploitations in demand side with the fortune of supply side, the goals of groundwater management can be achieved when the tools used for solution of the management problems are derived considering mechanisms of supply-distribution-availability of the resource in the system. Groundwater modeling is one of the management tools being used in the hydro-geological sciences for the assessment of the resource potential and prediction of future impact under different stresses/constraints. Construction of a groundwater model follows a set of assumptions describing the system’s composition, the transport processes that take place in it, the mechanisms that govern them, and the relevant medium properties. There are numerous computer codes of groundwater models available worldwide dealing variety of problems related to; flow and contaminants transport modeling, rates and location of pumping, artificial recharge, changes in water quality etc. Each model has its own merits and limitations and hence no model is unique to a given groundwater system. Management of a system means making decisions aiming at accomplishing the system’s goal without violating specified technical and non-technical constrains imposed on it.
    [Show full text]
  • (2015), Volume 3, Issue 10, 110 -122
    ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 10, 110 -122 Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE Behavior of an Earth Dam during Rapid Drawdown of Water in Reservoir – Case Study Mohammed Y. Fattah(1) , Hasan A. Omran(2), Mohammed A. Hassan(3) 1. Professor, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, 2. Assistant Professor, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. 3. Former graduate student, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Manuscript Info Abstract Manuscript History: In this study, the finite element method is used to study seepage through the body of an earthfill dam. For this purpose, the software Geostudio 2007 is Received: 15 August 2015 Final Accepted: 22 September 2015 used through its subprograms SEEP/W and SLOPE/W. The water levels on Published Online: October 2015 the upstream and downstream sides, the properties of materials and boundary conditions of the dam were input variables and the water flux and pore water Key words: pressure were the target outputs. The Dau Tieng reservoir, which is located in Tay Ninh province in Southern Vietnam was analyzed as a case study. The Rapid drawdown, finite element rapid drawdown is simulated by means of the staged construction mode. method, Geostudio 2007, slope It was concluded that the factor of safety against sliding of the dam stability. slopes decreases slightly within the short period after the start of rapid draw *Corresponding Author down of water in the reservoir, then starts to increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Specifications, Special Provisions and Supplemental Terms and Conditions
    Technical Specifications, Special Provisions and Supplemental Terms and Conditions For PINE RIDGE CANAL WEIR #1 REPLACEMENT Collier Co. Project No.: 60119 Collier Co. Work Order No.: 4500176724 Atkins Project No.: 100055052 Date: June 26, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ..........................................................1 ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 23 SECTION 101 - MOBILIZATION ............................................................................24 SECTION 110 - CLEARING AND GRUBBING ....................................................27 SECTION 120-SPECIAL – DITCH FINISH GRADING .......................................28 SECTION 400.1-SPECIAL – DEWATERING .......................................................29 SECTION GATE-SPECIAL – Face-Mounted STAINLESS-STEEL SLide Gate 30 SECTION SG-SPECIAL – STAFF GAUGES .......................................................54 SPECIAL PROVISIONS ........................................................................................................... 56 CONTROL OF THE WORK .....................................................................................57 CONTROL OF MATERIALS....................................................................................57 DISCHARGE TO OR WORK OR STRUCTURES IN NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE U.S., WATERS OF THE U.S. AND WATERS OF THE STATE.............................................................................................................58
    [Show full text]
  • GMS 7.0 Rev A.Ai
    Groundwater Modeling System Version 7.0 What’s New in GMS 7.0 . Microsoft® Windows® Vista® support . Export subsurface data to Groundwater Modeling Solutions Arc Hydro Groundwater Groundwater Flow . Quickly & intuitively build advanced & Transport Modeling . Enhanced MODFLOW interface groundwater models . Import maps, elevations and GIS data . Support for MODFLOW SFR2 & . Save time with conceptual, GIS-based approach . ETS1 packages (DRT1 & MNW . Improve presentations with advanced graphics coming soon) . Use conceptual model to automatically . Have access to a broad range of models and . Updated graphics engines capabilities . Run MODFLOW or other groundwater models . Many more! Visualize stratigraphy & plume data . Visualize model results or stratigraphy . Use advanced tools for calibration MODFLOW Solutions Model Interfaces . MODFLOW 2000 . Contaminant transport with MT3DMS Steady state and transient analysis . Reactive transport with RT3D or SEAM3D . MODPATH Automated MODFLOW calibration with PEST Particle tracking . Stochastic modeling . MT3DMS Transport simulation . RT3D Reactive transport modeling Finite Element Solutions . SEAM3D Reactive transport modeling . Groundwater Flow & Transport with FEMWATER . MODAEM - Unsaturated zone modeling Analytic element modeling - Salinity intrusion . UTEXAS . 2D seepage analysis with SEEP2D Slope stability analysis . Slope stability analysis with UTEXAS . SEEP2D Seepage analysis . PEST Subsurface Characterization Automated parameter estimation . Import & visualize borehole data . Create & manage cross-sections . FEMWATER & fence diagrams Sat/unsat and coupled . Create solids of layers and texture map image transport on surface . Import & visualize plume data with iso-surfaces . T-PROGS Transition probability . Use advanced geostatistics tools including geostatistics on borehole data kriging . SAMG SOLVER www.aquaveo.com/gms www.stmenvironmental.co.uk Conceptual Modeling for Groundwater Flow & Transport . Import borehole or scatter data . Interpolate layer boundaries .
    [Show full text]
  • GMS Brochure(ENG).Pub
    What Is GMS? The Department of Defense Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) is a com- prehensive graphical user environment for performing groundwater simulations. The entire GMS system consists of a graphical user interface (the GMS program) and a number of analysis codes (MODFLOW, MT3DMS, RT3D, SEAM3D, MOD- PATH, MODAEM, SEEP2D, FEMWATER, WASH123D, UTCHEM). The GMS inter- face was developed by the Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory of Brig- ham Young University in partnership with the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. GMS was designed as a comprehensive modeling environment. Several types of models are supported and facilities are provided to share information between different models and data types. Tools are provided for site characterization, model conceptualization, mesh and grid generation, geostatistics, and post-processing. Groundwater Flow & Transport Options The variety of modeling options in GMS is unparalleled! Rather than being limited to one main model (such as MODFLOW) and accompanying “add-on” codes, GMS provides interfaces to a wide range of 2D or 3D models. Here is a brief overview of the options available to you: 2D Flow ◆ Perform fast, easy modeling with the MODAEM analytical element model integrated into GMS! ◆ 2D finite-element seeepage modeling is supported in the SEEP2D model - perfect for dams, levees, cutoff trenches, etc. 3D Flow ◆ 3D finite difference modeling with MODFLOW 2000 (saturated zone) ◆ 3D finite-element modeling with FEMWATER (saturated and unsaturated zone) Solute Transport ◆ Simple analytical transport modeling with ART3D ◆ Simple 3D transport with MT3D, MODPATH, or FEMWATER ◆ Reactive 3D transport with RT3D or SEAM3D ◆ Multi-phase reactive transport with UTCHEM 1 Unsaturated Zone Flow and Transport ◆ Fully 3D unsaturated/saturated flow and transport modeling with FEMWATER or UTCHEM GIS-based Model Conceptualization One of GMS's greatest strengths traditionally has been the conceptual model approach.
    [Show full text]