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Improving the Effectiveness of Building Automation by Adaption to the Users Context

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Improving the Effectiveness of Building Automation by Adaption to the Users Context Improving the Effectiveness of Building Automation by adaption to the Users Context THI AN PHAM Computer Science and Engineering, master's level 2019 Luleå University of Technology Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering This thesis is prepared as part of an European Erasmus Mundus programme PERCCOM - PERvasive Computing & COMmunications for sustainable development. This thesis has been accepted by partner institutions of the consortium (cf. UDL-DAJ, n°1524, 2012 PERCCOM agreement). Successful defense of this thesis is obligatory for graduation with the following national diplomas: • Master in Complex Systems Engineering (University of Lorraine) • Master of Science in Technology (LUT University) • Master of Science in Computer Science and Engineering, specialization in Pervasive Computing and Communications for Sustainable Development (Luleå University of Technology) i ABSTRACT LUT University School of Engineering Science Erasmus Mundus Masters in PERvasive Computing and COMmunications for sustainable development (PERCCOM) An Pham Improving the Effectiveness of Building Automation by adaption to the Users Context Master’s Thesis 71 pages, 23 figures, 8 tables, 4 appendices Keywords: Home Automation, User Context, Effectiveness Improvement, Sustainable Develop- ment. The operations of either residential housing or commercial buildings are energy intensive, es- timated to occupy around 40% of all energy consumed worldwide by the year 2030 (by GeSI, SMARTer2030). ICT-enabled smart home or building solutions are expected to contribute to sus- tainability gain in term of improving energy and resource efficiency. These technologies not only enable buildings to be automated and centrally controlled but also help to provide a healthier and more comfortable living or working environment. While studies in smart home system show good results in reducing the energy consumption of a building by automating tasks to tear down unused appliances, most of the applications are limited implemented based on fixed schedule reassem- bling user behavior or routines, which is one of the major obstacles for home automation systems (HAS) to be widely acquired. As a solution for this matter, this study aims at exploring actual contexts of user for HAS to adapt in a more meaningful way so that not only the goal of reduced energy consumption is improved, but the user comfort is also taken care of in the best way. Using available studies on the expected reaction in HAS (in this work we focus on German Use case), a rule-based dictionary will be defined as a set of meaningful adaptions which can later be imple- mented on top of a home automation platform. Then, the study will present the assessment of this model in comparison with available studies to prove an improvement for energy efficiency. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my sincerest gratitude to the following people and organization who made this graduate thesis a worthwhile endeavor and an incredible journey. To Prof. Olaf Droegehorn, for the tirelessly support and guidance in my research and always effectively answer to my questions. Thank you for the conversation about German culture, for introducing me to incredible people and excellent food, life in Germany could have been worse without your help. To Prof. Eric Rondeau, the PERCCOM program coordinator, for giving me such in- valuable opportunity to join the program, and for inspiring us in the journey of fostering sustainable development. To all the professors and program coordinators, especially Prof. Jean-Philippe Georges, Prof. Jari Porras, and Prof. Karl Andersson, for all your knowledge sharing, guidance, advises and support during our incredible program. To all the university and administrative staffs from France, Finland, Russia, Sweden, and Germany, especially to Caroline Schrepff - our hardworking and dedicated PERCCOM secretary, but most of all, a thoughtful person who always take care of us in the best possible way. Thank you for making our life more comfortable. Lastly, big thank to all my family and friends, here or overseas, near or far, my dear Perccommies, for good and bad times, for laughing and crying together. Forever grateful. The research reported here was supported and funded by the Erasmus Mundus Joint Mas- ter’s Degree (EMJMD) in PERvasive Computing and COMmunications in sustainable development (PERCCOM) (Kor et al., 2019). The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the associate partners, sponsors, and researchers of the PERCCOM Con- sortium. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ix 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background ................................. 1 1.2 Problem Definition ............................. 2 1.3 Research Goals and Research Questions .................. 3 1.4 Delimitation ................................. 4 1.5 Thesis Structure ............................... 4 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Search Strategy ............................... 5 2.2 Home Automation System (HAS) ..................... 8 2.2.1 HAS - Definition, current features and its role in energy manage- ment ................................ 8 2.2.2 HAS - key challenges and social barriers ............. 11 2.2.3 HAS - Architecture ......................... 12 2.3 User Context and Impact of User Behavior in HAS ............ 13 2.4 User Context and HAS Integration Enablers ................ 15 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17 3.1 Design Science Research .......................... 17 3.2 Research Process .............................. 19 4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 21 4.1 System Specification - German Use case .................. 21 iv 4.2 Technology Stack .............................. 23 4.3 The Proposition ............................... 27 4.4 Application Development .......................... 30 4.4.1 Prerequisites ............................ 30 4.4.2 Scenarios .............................. 30 4.4.3 Implementation ........................... 34 5 EFFICIENCY EVALUATION 40 5.1 Outcomes .................................. 40 5.1.1 Overall architecture to integrate user context ........... 40 5.1.2 Proof of Concept .......................... 41 5.2 Evaluation .................................. 42 5.2.1 Evaluation in terms of energy usage ................ 42 5.2.2 Evaluation in terms of carbon emission .............. 46 6 DISCUSSION AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS 47 6.1 Discussion .................................. 47 6.2 Sustainability Analysis ........................... 48 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 51 7.1 Conclusion ................................. 51 7.2 Future Work ................................. 52 References 53 Appendices 58 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 CASAS smart home architecture overview. Source: CASAS: A Smart Home in a Box (Cook et al., 2013) ................. 13 Figure 2 The overall architecture of a location-aware HAS. Source: A location- aware architecture for heterogeneous Building Automation Systems (Mainetti, Mighali, and Patrono, 2015) ........................ 14 Figure 3 Design Science Research Methodology. Source: Design Science Research in Information Systems (Vaishnavi, Kuechler, and Petter, n.d.) . 18 Figure 4 Technology Stack. .......................... 24 Figure 5 Home Assistant Architecture. .................... 25 Figure 6 Network port-forwarding setup. ................... 26 Figure 7 An overall architecture of user-context integrated home automa- tion system. ................................. 28 Figure 8 Activity diagram of the automation on thermostat based on calen- dar event (S1 - S2). ............................. 32 Figure 9 Influence diagram of Home Assistant Components. ........ 32 Figure 10 State diagram of estimating time to arrive home based on driving mode. .................................... 33 Figure 11 Infrastructure of the user-context integrated system. ........ 36 Figure 12 Admin user interface view on desktop with full control. ...... 36 Figure 13 User interface for general information - admin. ........... 37 Figure 14 User interface for home status - admin. ............... 37 Figure 15 User interface for profile information - admin. ........... 38 Figure 16 User interface on mobile for normal user’s view. .......... 39 Figure 17 History graph of heating/cooling system status on a fixed schedule scenario. ................................... 43 Figure 18 On/off period of heating/cooling system - fixed schedule. ..... 45 Figure 19 On/off period of heating/cooling system - context adapted. .... 45 Figure 20 Compare on/off period of heating/cooling system. ......... 46 vi Figure 21 Sustainability Awareness Diagram. ................. 50 Figure 22 The interface to work with Home Assistant Configuration Tool. .. 60 Figure 23 The setting of HA server and network infrastructure. ........ 61 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Traceability of research goals and research questions ........ 4 Table 2 Details of the literature review method. ............... 6 Table 3 Chosen keywords and search results from different sources of data. 7 Table 4 Inclusion/Exclusion criteria for articles searching .......... 7 Table 5 Compare context integration feature of HAS platforms. ....... 16 Table 6 Implemented user-context integrated scenarios. ........... 31 Table 7 Supported trigger types in Home Assistant platform. ........ 35 Table 8 Events extracted from user’s calendar. ................ 44 viii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS API Application Programming Interface DNS Domain Name System DSR Design Sience Research ETA Estimated
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