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Consortium Pour La Recherche Économique En Afrique Programme Collaboratif De Doctorat En Économie Pour L’Afrique Subsaharienne CONSORTIUM POUR LA RECHERCHE ÉCONOMIQUE EN AFRIQUE PROGRAMME COLLABORATIF DE DOCTORAT EN ÉCONOMIE POUR L’AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE CENTRE COMMUN POUR LES STAGES FACULTATIFS ÉCONOMIE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT PRÉSENTATION DU COURS (Révisé en juillet 2020) Facebook Twitter Site Web Courriel Droits d’auteur © 2017 Consortium pour la recherche économique en Afrique (CRÉA), tous droits réservés. Notre adresse postale : Consortium pour la recherche économique en Afrique (CRÉA) 3rd Floor-Middle East Bank Towers Building, Jakaya Kikwete Road P. O. Box 62882 00200 Nairobi Kenya Collaborative PhD Programme ÉCONOMIE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT Objectifs du cours L’objectif général du présent cours est que les étudiants diplômés assimilent pleinement l’économie de l’environnement, de façon à ce qu’à la fin du cours, ils aient une connaissance approfondie de ce domaine particulier de l’économie jusqu’aux limites de la science et qu’ils puissent faire des contributions originales à la science à travers leur doctorat. Les objectifs spécifiques sont les suivants : i) Exposer les étudiants à des théories et des modèles de pointe de l’économie de l’environnement. ii) Permettre aux étudiants de comprendre et d’appréhender les liens entre l’environnement et l’économie. iii) Aider les étudiants à acquérir la capacité d’appliquer des modèles environnementaux à la recherche et aux questions de politiques économiques et environnementales, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. iv) Familiariser les étudiants avec la dynamique de l’environnement mondial et les implications pour le développement en Afrique subsaharienne. Conditions préalables Les cours fondamentaux du programme de doctorat collaboratif ou leur équivalent. Évaluation Dans chaque partie, les évaluations continues compteront pour 40 % et un examen final comptera pour 60 % de la note finale. Travail de groupe / présentations en classe (par les étudiants) 10 points Examen en classe 15 points Rapport de stage / examen bibliographique 15 points Examen final 60 points Total 100 points Environmental Economics Course Outline Page 1 Collaborative PhD Programme SUJETS TRAITÉS ECON 636 : ÉCONOMIE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT I (60 heures) 1. Introduction (10 heures) 1.1 Concepts fondamentaux de l’économie de l’environnement 1.2 Défaillances du marché : biens publics, externalités, droits de propriété, information imparfaite et non convexité 1.3 Liens entre l’environnement, la croissance économique, la pauvreté et la population 1.4 Déontologie, actualisation, développement durable, économie verte 2. Exploitation et gestion optimales des ressources naturelles (34 heures) 2.1 Ressources épuisables (non renouvelables) 2.1.1 Extraction optimale 2.1.2 Effets de l’incertitude, de la concurrence imparfaite, du recyclage et du comportement stratégique 2.2 Ressources renouvelables 2.2.1 Pêche 2.2.2 Sylviculture 2.2.3 Terres et sols agricoles 2.2.4 Eau 2.2.5 Faune et parcs nationaux 2.3 Économie de la biodiversité Applications / études de cas axées sur l’Afrique 3. Pollution : théorie, politiques et études de cas (16 heures) 3.1 Niveau efficace de pollution 3.2 Théorème du moindre coût : dérivation des conditions d’efficacité des instruments politiques reposant sur le marché 3.3 Dérivation des instruments des politiques de l’optimum de Pareto avec les externalités 3.4 Instruments des politiques environnementales 3.4.1 Typologie des instruments politiques : instruments reposant sur le marché, commandement et contrôle, instruments mixtes, droits de propriété, divulgation de l’information, accords volontaires, négociations, institutions et traditions 3.4.2 Choix des instruments de politiques 3.4.3 Évaluation des instruments de politiques Applications et études de cas axées sur l’Afrique : air, eau, sol, énergie et déchets Environmental Economics Course Outline Page 2 Collaborative PhD Programme ECON 637 : ÉCONOMIE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT II (60 heures) 1. Évaluation environnementale (18 heures) 1.1 Types de valeurs économiques 1.2 Fondements sociaux de l’évaluation environnementale 1.3 Méthodes des préférences révélées 1.3.1 Méthode des frais de déplacement 1.3.2 Méthode des prix hédoniques 1.3.3 Approches reposant sur la fonction de production et les coûts évités (coût des dommages, coût de remplacement, coût évité, etc.) 1.4 Méthodes des préférences déclarées 1.4.1 Méthode d’évaluation contingente 1.4.2 Modélisation des choix : expériences des choix, classement contingent, évaluation contingente, comparaison par paires 1.4.3 Méthode d’évaluation contingente par rapport à l’expérience des choix 1.5 Méthodes combinées des préférences révélées et des préférences déclarées 1.6 Méthode de transfert des avantages Applications / études de cas axées sur l’Afrique 2. Évaluation environnementale (8 heures) 2.1 Analyse coûts-avantages environnementaux (méthodes des coûts-avantages environnementaux, actualisation et avenir, équité et coûts-avantages environnementaux, incertitude et irréversibilité, critiques des coûts-avantages environnementaux) 2.2 Analyse coût-efficacité 2.3 Évaluation et analyse des incidences environnementales 2.4 Analyse multicritères Applications / études de cas axées sur l’Afrique 3. Comptabilité environnementale (14 heures) 3.1 Théorie de la comptabilité environnementale 3.1. Utilisation durable des ressources dans un monde concurrentiel 3.2. Consommation, revenus et richesse 3.2 Comptabilité environnementale dans la pratique 3.2.1 Système de comptabilité nationale 3.2.2 Système de comptabilité environnementale et économique 3.2.3 Comptes nationaux des revenus modifiés 3.2.4 Comptabilité des ressources minérales Applications / études de cas axées sur l’Afrique Environmental Economics Course Outline Page 3 Collaborative PhD Programme 4. Questions environnementales à l’échelon international (20 heures) 4.1 Échanges commerciaux et environnement 4.1.1 Les rapports entre l’environnement et les échanges commerciaux dans le modèle commercial classique 4.1.2 Liens entre les échanges commerciaux, l’économie et l’environnement 4.2 Externalités environnementales à l’échelon international 4.2.1 Externalités réciproques unidirectionnelles et régionales 4.2.2 Externalités à l’échelon mondial : approches stratégiques, mécanismes de coopération et arrangements institutionnels 4.3 Convention internationale sur l’environnement 4.3.1 Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction (CITES) 4.3.2 Autres conventions 4.4 Économie des changements climatiques 4.4.1 Science des changements climatiques – Définitions, explication et causes 4.4.2 Nature de l’économie et des enjeux des changements climatiques 4.4.3 Modèles relatifs aux changements climatiques 4.4.4 Répercussions des changements climatiques, des politiques d’atténuation et d’adaptation 4.4.5 Défis mondiaux, négociations et accords sur les changements climatiques Applications / études de cas axées sur l’Afrique Ouvrages fondamentaux1 1. Bromley, Daniel, ed. (1995) The Handbook of Environmental Economics. Blackwell Publishers. Cambridge, M.A. 2. Perman R., Ma Y., McGilvray J. and Common M. (2012). Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, 4th Edition, Edinburgh, Longman 3. Hanley, N, J.FShogren and B. White (2006) Environmental Economics in Theory and Practice. London, MacMillan University. 4. Hacket, S.C. (2006). Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: theory, policy, and the sustainable society. 3rd edition. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 5. Hanley, N., J.F. Shorgen and B. White (2001). Introduction to Environmental Economics. Oxford University Press. 6. Harris, J. (2006). Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A contemporary approach. 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 7. Hussen, A. (2005). Principles of Environmental Economics: Economics, ecology and public policy. Routledge. 2nd edition. 8. Khan, J.R. (2005). The Economic Approach to Environmental and Natural Resources. 1Il n'existe pas d’ouvrage unique permettant de couvrir tous les sujets du présent cours. Les étudiants sont tenus de consulter les textes spécialisés et les articles de journaux pertinents cités sous chaque rubrique ainsi que tous les autres journaux pertinents. Environmental Economics Course Outline Page 4 Collaborative PhD Programme Thomson Corporation. 9. Kolstad, Charles (2000) Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press. 10. Prato, T. (1998). Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. Iowa State University Press. 11. Stavins, Robert, ed. (2000) Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings 4th Edition W.W. Norton & Co. 12. Tietenberg, T. and L. Lewis (2012). Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 9th Edition. Pearson Education. Inc. 13. Pearce, David, Giles Atkinson, and Susana Mourato (2006). Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Recent Developments. Publication of the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Develop-ment (OECD). Textes complémentaires 1. Folmer, H and H. Gabel (2001) Principles of Environmental and Resource Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2. Folmer, H, H. Gabel, S. Gerking and A. Rose (2001) Frontiers of Environmental Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 3. Johansson, P.O., B. Kristom and K.-G. Maler eds., (1995) Current Issues in Environmental Economics. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4. Kristrom B, P. Dasgupta and K-G Lofgren (2002) Economic Theory for the Environment, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. 5. Newton, A. C and Elena Cantarello (2014)An Introduction to the Green Economy: Science, System and Sustainability. Routledge 6. Pearce D. and R. Turner [2004]. Economics of Natural Resources
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