Healthcare Valuation Trends Report

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Sector Highlights Objective Our objective for this quarterly healthcare market update is to provide a high-level summary of healthcare providers. While there are many healthcare indexes and healthcare market updates available, few or none cover healthcare providers only. This market overview intentionally excludes payors, HIT companies, staffing companies, life sciences, and other non-provider organizations. Industry Fragmentation Except for dialysis services, most healthcare sectors are highly fragmented. As such, public company information provides limited insight into the innerworkings of an industry segment. In addition, each public company has a unique focus and value proposition. This overview is intended to convey general market sentiment. Industry Themes We expect four “C”s to drive much of the year 2019: Capital, Convergence, Customization, and Connectivity. CAPITAL: merger and acquisition activity is expected to be near or above prior year levels, with the healthcare IT and home health & hospice sectors anticipated to outpace other healthcare industry sectors. Continued CONVERGENCE of payers and providers, as evidenced by the mergers between CVS and Aetna, Humana and Kindred, and UnitedHealth and Optum. CUSTOMERIZATION will continue to drive care delivery models that provide a high degree of convenience to patients, such as telehealth, drug dispensation, and connected devices. Finally, CONNECTIVITY, between disparate systems, devices, and individuals will grow exponentially, as robotics, IoT, AI, wearables, et cetera evolve and become more sophisticated.

Disclaimer: LBMC Healthcare Valuation Trends are provided as an informational and educational service for clients and friends of the firm. The communication is high-level and should not be considered as legal or tax advice to take any specific action. Individuals should consult with their personal tax or legal advisors before making any tax or legal-related decisions. In addition, the information and data presented are based on sources believed to be reliable, but we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. The information is current as of the date indicated and is subject to change without notice.

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 2 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Health Systems HEALTH SYSTEMS - SECTOR HIGHLIGHTS

The fragmented acute care hospital industry continues to consolidate - Enterprise Value / EBITDA both vertically and horizontally. EBITDA multiples have been in the 8-9x range for HCA, THC, and UHS. As CYH and QHC EBITDA margins have 18 improved over the last twelve months, EBITDA multiples have 16 moderated and forward multiples are in line with the overall group. 14 12 Ardent Health's December 2018 filing for an initial public offering will 10 add another health system operator to the roster of publicly traded 8 companies. According to Ardent's March 6 filing with the Securities and 6 Exchange Commission, the company operated 30 acute care hospitals (4,395 licensed beds) at December 31, 2018, and provided physican and 4 other ancillary services. 2 0 CYH HCA THC UHS QHC

2018 2019 NTM

Stock Price TEV/Revenue EBITDA Margin Debt / TEV/EBITDA Company Ticker 2018 2019 TEV LTM NTM LTM YoY Δ (bps) EBITDA LTM NTM , Inc. CYH $ 3.88 $ 2.49 $ 14,252.5 1.05 1.09 10.8% 396 9.72 9.75 8.60 HCA Healthcare Inc HCA 134.11 120.20 77,656.4 1.59 1.47 19.2% 48 4.06 8.30 7.72 Tenet Healthcare Corporation THC 33.72 21.65 19,279.2 1.06 1.03 13.0% (21) 6.72 8.12 6.95 Universal Health Services, Inc. Class B UHS 130.16 144.58 17,064.6 1.54 1.47 15.6% (51) 2.60 9.88 8.94 Quorum Health Corp. QHC 4.55 1.01 1,257.4 0.70 0.80 8.0% 261 9.02 8.74 7.29 Outpatient Based Services OUTPATIENT SERVICES - SECTOR HIGHLIGHTS With exception of the dialysis industry, outpatient based services continue to be highly fragmented. Median EBITDA multiples have Enterprise Value / EBITDA declined modeslty, from 12x in 2018 to 10.0x in 2019. 30

The table below groups the three publicly traded dialysis companies 25 (American Renal, DaVita, and Fresenius) together. Direct comparisons 20 between the three companies can be challenging due to the scale of DaVita and Fresenius relative to American Renal. In addition, Fresenius 15 derives a portion of its revenues and earnings from products and 10 services outside the dialysis industry. 5

0 RDNT SEM SGRY USPH ARA DVA FMS

2018 2019 NTM

Stock Price TEV/Revenue EBITDA Margin Debt / TEV/EBITDA Company Ticker 2018 2019 TEV LTM NTM LTM YoY Δ (bps) EBITDA LTM NTM RadNet, Inc. RDNT $ 13.85 $ 13.91 $ 1,466.6 1.38 1.26 15.2% 299 7.38 9.08 8.39 Select Medical Holdings Corporation SEM 19.80 16.22 6,374.0 1.22 1.17 12.2% 45 6.93 10.04 9.08 Surgery Partners, Inc. SGRY 17.35 6.44 4,027.2 2.27 2.11 19.0% 329 8.13 11.94 14.48 U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. USPH 125.25 133.52 1,871.7 3.96 3.69 15.9% 48 1.94 24.83 25.44 American Renal Associates Holdings, Inc. ARA 21.95 6.20 1,022.6 not reported 1.07 not reported not reported not reported not reported 8.57 DaVita Inc. DVA 69.29 56.37 16,063.5 1.43 1.38 18.8% (412) 5.68 7.58 7.18 Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA SpFMS 50.52 33.60 36,037.8 1.88 1.78 20.3% 417 3.92 9.26 8.52

Source: FactSet financial data and analytics.

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 3 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Behavioral Health Services BEHAVIORAL HEALTH - SECTOR HIGHLIGHTS Publicequity investments in the highly fragmented behavioral health industry are limited as compared to other healthcare sectors. Enterprise Value / EBITDA 15 Acadia(ACHC) provides a broad spectrum of inpatient- and outpatient- based behavioral health services. Meanwhile AAC Holdings is focused 10 on substance abuse treatment services. Formerly public Civitas Solutions is a provider of home- and community-based health and 5 human services but was taken private on March 8, 2019. 0 AAC ACHC Although public company activity in the behavioral health space has -5 been muted, the sector has attracted private equity investments at a record pace. -10

-15

2018 2019 NTM

Stock Price TEV/Revenue EBITDA Margin Debt / TEV/EBITDA Company Ticker 2018 2019 TEV LTM NTM LTM YoY Δ (bps) EBITDA LTM NTM AAC Holdings, Inc. AAC $ 8.86 $ 0.60 $ 351.7 1.41 1.30 -14.1% (2,673) (11.39) (10.02) 13.10 Company, Inc. ACHC 41.53 26.46 5,609.8 1.84 1.73 18.3% (182) 6.82 10.03 8.85

Assisted Living and Skilled Nursing AND SKILLED NURSING - SECTOR HIGHLIGHTS The Assisted Living and Skilled Nursing Industry has faced several headwinds in the recent past, primarily related to declining census (in Enterprise Value / EBITDA part driven by declining lengths of stay) and staffing shortages. As a 20 result, EBITDA margin pressures continue. 18 16 As shown in the table below, the three companies with a focus on 14 assisted living facilities (Brookdale, Capital Senior Living, and Five Star) 12 have experienced larger declines in EBITDA margins than those 10 companies with a focus on skilled nursing facilities (Diversicare, Ensign 8 Group, Genesis, and NHC). 6 4 FVE intends to undergo a one-for-10 reverse stock split in September 2 2019 to bring the company into compliance with listing 0 standards. BKD CSU ENSG GEN NHC

Chart excludes FVE and DVCR due to outlyier metrics 2018 2019 NTM

Stock Price TEV/Revenue EBITDA Margin Debt / TEV/EBITDA Company Ticker 2018 2019 TEV LTM NTM LTM YoY Δ (bps) EBITDA LTM NTM Brookdale Senior Living Inc. BKD $ 9.92 $ 8.18 $ 5,623.2 1.32 1.40 10.7% (192) 13.10 12.36 13.03 Capital Senior Living Corporation CSU 8.87 4.61 1,084.9 2.37 2.41 12.6% (630) 21.77 18.85 14.37 Five Star Senior Living Inc FVE 0.99 0.49 (47.9) (0.03) n/a -2.8% (190) (23.59) 1.21 n/a Diversicare Healthcare Services, Inc. DVCR 6.22 1.90 86.8 0.16 n/a 0.4% (252) 231.29 43.98 n/a Ensign Group, Inc. ENSG 39.07 49.90 3,044.8 1.40 1.23 9.1% 78 6.71 15.41 11.84 Genesis Healthcare Inc Class A GEN 1.77 1.08 1,790.6 0.38 0.40 7.7% (54) 12.35 4.97 10.61 National HealthCare Corporation NHC 77.07 80.80 1,106.5 1.12 n/a 10.0% (51) 2.95 11.24 n/a

Source: FactSet financial data and analytics.

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 4 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Home Health and Hospice HOME HEALTH & HOSPICE - SECTOR HIGHLIGHTS The publicly traded home health and hospice sector saw significant consolidation and transaction activity despite record multiples in 2018 Enterprise Value / EBITDA and into 2019. 30

In April 2018, LHC Group completed its acquisition of Almost Family, 25 which operated 330 home healthcare locations across 26 states. In July 2018, Humana, along with private equity firms TPG Capital and Welsh, 20 Carson, Anderson & Stowe, completed the acquisition of Kindred Healthcare. The company's approximately 600 home health, hospice, 15 and community care sites, are being operated by Humana, while the private equity groups will assume responsibility for the hospital-based 10 services, which includes a portfolio of ~75 LTAC hospitals, ~20 IRFs, and 5 nearly 100 ARUs.

0 Despite EBITDA multiples at ~25x, industry analysts expect continued ADUS AMED CHE LHCG consolidation in the home health and hospice industry. 2018 2019 NTM

Stock Price TEV/Revenue EBITDA Margin Debt / TEV/EBITDA Company Ticker 2018 2019 TEV LTM NTM LTM YoY Δ (bps) EBITDA LTM NTM Addus HomeCare Corporation ADUS $ 33.30 $ 74.22 $ 886.6 1.81 1.50 7.0% (32) 2.94 25.75 16.61 Amedisys, Inc. AMED 54.00 136.25 4,497.6 2.76 2.48 10.1% 236 0.34 27.26 22.35 Chemed Corporation CHE 245.94 316.78 5,375.6 3.07 2.88 15.6% 54 0.48 19.65 16.95 LHC Group, Inc. LHCG 65.77 104.87 3,575.8 2.25 1.68 8.4% (85) 1.91 26.80 16.79 Source: FactSet financial data and analytics.

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 5 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Terms/ Definitions

• AI…………………. Artificial Intelligence • IT …………………… Information Technology • ARU……………… Acute Rehabilitation Unit • IoT …………………. Internet of Things • ASC………………. Ambulatory Surgery Center • Lit/Val ……………. Litigation / Valuation • bps……………….. basis points • LTAC ………………. Long Term Acute Care (1% = 100 basis points) Last Twelve Months • EBITDA…………. Earnings Before Interest, Tax, • LTM ……………….. Depreciation & Amortization • NTM ………………. Next Twelve Months • HIPAA …………… Health Information Portability Sarbanes Oxley and Accountability Act • SOX ……………….. • HIT………………… Healthcare Information • TEV ………………… Total Enterprise Value Technology • YoY ………………… Year-over-Year • IRF………………… Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility • Δ ……………………. Delta (change)

Fast Facts

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 6 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Recent Business Valuation Engagements

Ambulatory Surgery Health Systems • Acquisitions • Acquisitions • Joint ventures • Joint ventures • Shareholder transactions • Pro forma analytics of service lines/ geographic markets Imaging • Management planning Home Health & Hospice • Strategic planning Urgent Care • Acquisitions Skilled Nursing • Joint ventures • Tax compliance

Renal Care Behavioral Health • Acquisitions • Goodwill and intangible asset impairment studies • Joint ventures • Purchase price allocations • Purchase price allocations • Equity compensation valuations

Physician Practices Life Sciences • Acquisitions • Physician joint ventures • Shareholder transactions Intangible Assets Physician Network Companies • Certificates of need • Purchase price allocations • Tradenames • Equity compensation valuations • Technology • Rollover equity • Intellectual property/ know-how • Contingent consideration

Q3 2019 Healthcare Valuation Trends Report 7 Unique Solutions for the Healthcare Industry Who we serve: LBMC Family of Companies • Ambulatory • Home Health • Renal Care Audit, Tax and Advisory Surgery Centers • Hospice • Rural Health Staffing Solutions • Behavioral Health • Hospitals Clinics Technology Solutions • Continuing Care • Laboratories • Federally Employment Partners Retirement • Life Sciences Qualified Health Investment Advisors Communities • Pharmaceuticals Centers • Durable Medical • Physician • Skilled Nursing Information Security Equipment Practices Facilities Physician Business Solutions • Health Plans • Rehabilitation and • Urgent Care W Squared • Healthcare IT Physical Therapy Procurement Solutions

Chris Lovin How we serve: Shareholder-in-charge, Lit/Val 615.309.2264 • Audit & Advisory Services • Procurement Services [email protected] • Consulting • Tax Services • Human Resources • Technology Solutions • Information Security • Transaction Advisory • Internal Audit and SOX Services/ Due Diligence Josh Brummett Compliance • Staffing Solutions Shareholder, Lit/Val 615.309.2226 • Medical Services • Valuation Solutions [email protected] Organization (MSO) • Physician Business Solutions

Katie Tarr Shareholder, Lit/Val What makes us different: 615.690.1944 [email protected] • Largest industry practice area in the firm, representing approximately one-third of our overall practice. • Dedicated healthcare service team of over 100

professionals as part of our total staff of 600 across all Christian Heuer three offices. Senior Manager, Lit/Val 615.309.2391 • Healthcare specialists in concentrated service areas (i.e., [email protected] reimbursement, coding and compliance, HIPAA, practice management, etc.) • A hands-on, collaborative, and transparent approach that provides clients with no surprises. Price Rainer Senior Manager, Lit/Val 615.309.2675 [email protected]

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