Sydney's Snakes, Part 2 *
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Controlled Animals
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3. -
Towra Point Nature Reserve Ramsar Site: Ecological Character Description in Good Faith, Exercising All Due Care and Attention
Towra Point Nature Reserve Ramsar site Ecological character description Disclaimer The Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW (DECCW) has compiled the Towra Point Nature Reserve Ramsar site: Ecological character description in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. DECCW does not accept responsibility for any inaccurate or incomplete information supplied by third parties. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. Readers should seek appropriate advice about the suitability of the information to their needs. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or of the Minister for Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts. Acknowledgements Phil Straw, Australasian Wader Studies Group; Bob Creese, Bruce Pease, Trudy Walford and Rob Williams, Department of Primary Industries (NSW); Simon Annabel and Rob Lea, NSW Maritime; Geoff Doret, Ian Drinnan and Brendan Graham, Sutherland Shire Council; John Dahlenburg, Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority. Symbols for conceptual diagrams are courtesy of the Integration and Application Network (ian.umces.edu/symbols), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. This publication has been prepared with funding provided by the Australian Government to the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority through the Coastal Catchments Initiative Program. © State of NSW, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, and Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority DECCW and SMCMA are pleased to allow the reproduction of material from this publication on the condition that the source, publisher and authorship are appropriately acknowledged. -
Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for The
Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for the Bellinger River Snapping Turtle (Myuchelys georgesi) December, 2016 1 Workshop participants. Back row (l to r): Ricky Spencer, Bruce Chessman, Kristen Petrov, Caroline Lees, Gerald Kuchling, Jane Hall, Gerry McGilvray, Shane Ruming, Karrie Rose, Larry Vogelnest, Arthur Georges; Front row (l to r) Michael McFadden, Adam Skidmore, Sam Gilchrist, Bruno Ferronato, Richard Jakob-Hoff © Copyright 2017 CBSG IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Jakob-Hoff, R. Lees C. M., McGilvray G, Ruming S, Chessman B, Gilchrist S, Rose K, Spencer R, Hall J (Eds) (2017). Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for the Bellinger River Snapping Turtle. IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Cover photo: Juvenile Bellinger River Snapping Turtle © 2016 Brett Vercoe This report can be downloaded from the CBSG website: www.cbsg.org. 2 Executive Summary The Bellinger River Snapping Turtle (BRST) (Myuchelys georgesi) is a freshwater turtle endemic to a 60 km stretch of the Bellinger River, and possibly a portion of the nearby Kalang River in coastal north eastern New South Wales (NSW). -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Terrestrial Australo-Papuan Elapid Snakes (Subfamily Hydrophiinae) Based on Cytochrome B and 16S Rrna Sequences J
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol. 10, No. 1, August, pp. 67–81, 1998 ARTICLE NO. FY970471 Phylogenetic Relationships of Terrestrial Australo-Papuan Elapid Snakes (Subfamily Hydrophiinae) Based on Cytochrome b and 16S rRNA Sequences J. Scott Keogh,*,†,1 Richard Shine,* and Steve Donnellan† *School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; and †Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia Received April 24, 1997; revised September 4, 1997 quence data support many of the conclusions reached Phylogenetic relationships among the venomous Aus- by earlier studies using other types of data, but addi- tralo-Papuan elapid snake radiation remain poorly tional information will be needed before the phylog- resolved, despite the application of diverse data sets. eny of the Australian elapids can be fully resolved. To examine phylogenetic relationships among this 1998 Academic Press enigmatic group, portions of the cytochrome b and 16S Key Words: mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome b; 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes were sequenced from rRNA; reptile; snake; elapid; sea snake; Australia; New 19 of the 20 terrestrial Australian genera and 6 of the 7 Guinea; Pacific; Asia; biogeography. terrestrial Melanesian genera, plus a sea krait (Lati- cauda) and a true sea snake (Hydrelaps). These data clarify several significant issues in elapid phylogeny. First, Melanesian elapids form sister groups to Austra- INTRODUCTION lian species, indicating that the ancestors of the Austra- lian radiation came via Asia, rather than representing The diverse, cosmopolitan, and medically important a relict Gondwanan radiation. Second, the two major elapid snakes are a monophyletic clade of approxi- groups of sea snakes (sea kraits and true sea snakes) mately 300 species and 61 genera (Golay et al., 1993) represent independent invasions of the marine envi- primarily defined by their unique venom delivery sys- ronment. -
Adapting to an Invasive Species: Toxic Cane Toads Induce Morphological Change in Australian Snakes
Adapting to an invasive species: Toxic cane toads induce morphological change in Australian snakes Ben L. Phillips* and Richard Shine School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved October 27, 2004 (received for review August 31, 2004) The arrival of invasive species can devastate natural ecosystems, much less research has been conducted on counteradaptations but the long-term effects of invasion are less clear. If native by native species (17, 18). organisms can adapt to the presence of the invader, the severity of Many species of Australian snake have been severely impacted impact will decline with time. In Australia, invasive cane toads by the invasion of highly toxic cane toads (Bufo marinus), a (Bufo marinus) are highly toxic to most snakes that attempt to eat conservation problem that also offers an ideal situation to them. Because snakes are gape-limited predators with strong explore the possibility of an adaptive response by natives to an negative allometry for head size, maximum relative prey mass (and invader. Cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935. thus, the probability of eating a toad large enough to be fatal) Since then, they have spread throughout large areas of Queens- decreases with an increase in snake body size. Thus, the arrival of land and have entered the Northern Territory and New South Ϸ 2 toads should exert selection on snake morphology, favoring an Wales, currently occupying a range of 1 million km (19). The ecological impact of toads on the native fauna has been poorly increase in mean body size and a decrease in relative head size. -
Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area Ramsar Site Ecological Character Description
Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area Ramsar Site Ecological Character Description 2010 Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the contents of this ECD are correct, the Commonwealth of Australia as represented by the Department of the Environment does not guarantee and accepts no legal liability whatsoever arising from or connected to the currency, accuracy, completeness, reliability or suitability of the information in this ECD. Note: There may be differences in the type of information contained in this ECD publication, to those of other Ramsar wetlands. © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2010. The ‘Ecological Character Description for the Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area Ramsar Site: Final Report’ is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This report should be attributed as ‘BMT WBM. (2010). Ecological Character Description of the Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area Ramsar Site. Prepared for the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.’ The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Ecological Character Description for the Shoalwater and -
An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms
toxins Article Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms Timothy N. W. Jackson 1, Ivan Koludarov 1, Syed A. Ali 1,2, James Dobson 1, Christina N. Zdenek 1, Daniel Dashevsky 1, Bianca op den Brouw 1, Paul P. Masci 3, Amanda Nouwens 4, Peter Josh 4, Jonathan Goldenberg 1, Vittoria Cipriani 1, Chris Hay 1, Iwan Hendrikx 1, Nathan Dunstan 5, Luke Allen 5 and Bryan G. Fry 1,* 1 Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (T.N.W.J.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (S.A.A.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (C.N.Z.); [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (B.o.d.B.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (I.H.) 2 HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan 3 Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] 4 School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (P.J.) 5 Venom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, Australia; [email protected] (N.D.); [email protected] (L.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-4-0019-3182 Academic Editor: Nicholas R. -
Taxonomy of the Genus Pseudonaja (Reptilia: Elapidae) in Australia
AUSTRALIAN BIODIVERSITY RECORD ________________________________________________________ 2002 (No 7) ISSN 1325-2992 March, 2002 ________________________________________________________ Taxonomy of the Genus Pseudonaja (Reptilia: Elapidae) in Australia. by Richard W. Wells “Shiralee”, Major West Road, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia The clear morphological differences that exist within the genus as previously considered strongly indicate that it is a polyphyletic assemblage. Accordingly, I have taken the step of formally proposing the fragmentation of Pseudonaja. In this work I have decided to restrict the genus Pseudonaja to the Pseudonaja nuchalis complex. Additionally, I herein formally resurrect from synonymy the generic name Euprepiosoma Fitzinger, 1860 for the textilis group of species, erect a new generic name (Placidaserpens gen. nov.) for the snakes previously regarded as Pseudonaja guttata, erect a new generic name (Notopseudonaja gen. nov.) for the group of species previously regarded as the Pseudonaja modesta complex, and erect a new generic name (Dugitophis gen. nov.) for snakes previously regarded as the Pseudonaja affinis complex. Genus Pseudonaja Gunther, 1858 The Pseudonaja nuchalis Complex It is usually reported that Pseudonaja nuchalis occurs across most of northern, central and western Australia, ranging from Cape York Peninsula, in the north-east, through western, southern and south-eastern Queensland, far western New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and most of South Australia, Northern Territory and Western Australia. However, this distribution pattern is now known to actually represents several different species all regarded by most authorities for convenience as the single highly variable species, 'Pseudonaja nuchalis'. As usually defined, this actually is a highly variable and therefore confusing group of species to identify and it is not all surprising that there has been difficulty in breaking up the group. -
Morphology, Reproduction and Diet of the Greater Sea Snake, Hydrophis Major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae)
Coral Reefs https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01833-5 REPORT Morphology, reproduction and diet of the greater sea snake, Hydrophis major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) 1 1 2 R. Shine • T. Shine • C. Goiran Received: 5 January 2019 / Accepted: 9 June 2019 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Although widespread, the large Hydrophiinae relatives in some respects, other characteristics (such as sea snake Hydrophis major is poorly known ecologically. scale rugosity, low proportion of juveniles in collections, We dissected 119 preserved specimens in museum col- frequent production of small litters of large offspring) may lections to quantify body sizes and proportions, sexual reflect adaptation to marine habitats. dimorphism, reproductive biology and diet. The sexes mature at similar snout–vent lengths (SVLs, about 75 cm) Keywords Dietary specialisation Á Disteira major Á and attain similar maximum sizes (females 123 cm vs. Elapidae Á Life-history Á Olive-headed sea snake Á Trophic males 122 cm SVL), but females in our sample exhibited ecology larger mean sizes than did males (means 98.8 vs. 93.1 cm SVL). The adult sex ratio in museum specimens was highly female-biased (64:30), and the high proportion of repro- Introduction ductive females during the austral summer suggests annual reproduction. At the same SVL, females had shorter tails Rates of speciation are higher in the viviparous sea snakes and wider bodies than did males, but sex differences in (Hydrophiinae) than in any other extant group of reptiles. other body proportions (e.g. tail shape, head dimensions, In particular, one clade of sea snakes—the Hydrophis eye diameter) were minimal. -
Frogs & Reptiles NE Vic 2018 Online
Reptiles and Frogs of North East Victoria An Identication and Conservation Guide Victorian Conservation Status (DELWP Advisory List) cr critically endangered en endangered Reptiles & Frogs vu vulnerable nt near threatened dd data deficient L Listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (FFG, 1988) Size: of North East Victoria Lizards, Dragons & Skinks: Snout-vent length (cm) Snakes, Goannas: Total length (cm) An Identification and Conservation Guide Lowland Copperhead Highland Copperhead Carpet Python Gray's Blind Snake Nobbi Dragon Bearded Dragon Ragged Snake-eyed Skink Large Striped Skink Frogs: Snout-vent length male - M (mm) Snout-vent length female - F (mm) Austrelaps superbus 170 (NC) Austrelaps ramsayi 115 (PR) Morelia spilota metcalfei – en L 240 (DM) Ramphotyphlops nigrescens 38 (PR) Diporiphora nobbi 8.4 (PR) Pogona barbata – vu 25 (DM) Cryptoblepharus pannosus Snout-Vent 3.5 (DM) Ctenotus robustus Snout-Vent 12 (DM) Guide to symbols Venomous Lifeform F Fossorial (burrows underground) T Terrestrial Reptiles & Frogs SA Semi Arboreal R Rock-dwelling Habitat Type Alpine Bog Montane Forests Alpine Grassland/Woodland Lowland Grassland/Woodland White-lipped Snake Tiger Snake Woodland Blind Snake Olive Legless Lizard Mountain Dragon Marbled Gecko Copper-tailed Skink Alpine She-oak Skink Drysdalia coronoides 40 (PR) Notechis scutatus 200 (NC) Ramphotyphlops proximus – nt 50 (DM) Delma inornata 13 (DM) Rankinia diemensis Snout-Vent 7.5 (NC) Christinus marmoratus Snout-Vent 7 (PR) Ctenotus taeniolatus Snout-Vent 8 (DM) Cyclodomorphus praealtus -
Class Reptilia
REPTILE CWCS SPECIES (27 SPECIES) Common name Scientific name Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii Broad-banded Water Snake Nerodia fasciata confluens Coal Skink Eumeces anthracinus Copperbelly Watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta Corn Snake Elaphe guttata guttata Diamondback Water Snake Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer Eastern Coachwhip Masticophis flagellum flagellum Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum Eastern Ribbon Snake Thamnophis sauritus sauritus Eastern Slender Glass Lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus False Map Turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica Green Water Snake Nerodia cyclopion Kirtland's Snake Clonophis kirtlandii Midland Smooth Softshell Apalone mutica mutica Mississippi Map Turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii Northern Pine Snake Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus Northern Scarlet Snake Cemophora coccinea copei Scarlet Kingsnake Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides Six-lined Racerunner Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Southeastern Crowned Snake Tantilla coronata Southeastern Five-lined Skink Eumeces inexpectatus Southern Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta dorsalis Timber Rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Western Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma Western Mud Snake Farancia abacura reinwardtii Western Pygmy Rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius streckeri Western Ribbon Snake Thamnophis proximus proximus CLASS REPTILIA Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified) N T G3G4 S2 G3 S2 G-Trend Decreasing G-Trend -
Wet Tropics Lizards No
Tropical Topics A n i n t e r p r e t i v e n e w s l e t t e r f o r t h e t o u r i s m i n d u s t r y Wet tropics lizards No. 33 January 1996 Lizards tell a tale of history Notes from the A prickly forest skink from Cardwell and a prickly forest skink from Cooktown look the same but recent studies of their genetic make-up have Editor revealed hidden differences which tell a tale of history. While mammals and snakes are a The wet tropics contain the remnants Studies of birds, skinks, frogs, geckos fairly rare sight in the rainforests, of tropical rainforests which once and snails as well as some mammals lizards are one of the few types of covered much of Australia. As the revealed genetic breaks at exactly the animal we can be almost certain to climate became drier only the same location. It is thought that a dry see. mountainous regions of the north-east corridor cut through the wet tropics at coast remained constantly moist and this point for hundreds of thousands The wet tropics rainforests have an became the last refuges of Australia’s of years, preventing rainforest animals extraordinarily high number of lizard ancient tropical rainforests. on either side from mixing with each species — at least 14 — which are other at all. This affected not just found nowhere else. Some only However, the area currently occupied individual species but whole occur in very restricted areas such by rainforest has fluctuated.