Message from Dr. Young Joo Lee, Director of CCOP Technical Secretariat Office
Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Thematic Session is thus very special for our CCOP’s community. CCOP in cooperation with the Royal Thai Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) organize this special online international meeting of 2020 Thematic Session “Geoscience towards New Normal and Future Earth” to be held during 15-16 December 2020, 10:00 – 17:00 (Bangkok Time). DMR kindly provides the meeting room to host the meeting at DMR meeting room on the second floor of Phet (Diamond) Building at the DMR’s Headquarters. Even with a very short notice, we have received a total of 47 abstracts, 38 of them are oral presentations and the other are poster presentations. Member Countries have submitted a total of 41 abstracts: Brunei Darussalam (1); China (3); Japan (5); Republic of Korea (4); Malaysia (10); Myanmar (3); and Thailand (16). Cooperating Countries and Organizations have submitted 5 abstracts: Australia (1 keynote); Belgium (1); Russia (1); PETRAD (1); and UKM (1). It is expected to have over a hundred participants attending both online and offline meeting. We hope that all abstracts and presentations would be benefit to all who would like to learn more about the updated geoscientific advancement and its outlook to the New Normal and the Future Earth during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dr. Young Joo Lee Director, CCOP Technical Secretariat Office. EDITORIAL BOARD
Editorial board in chief Mr. Montri Luengingkasoot Deputy Director General, Department of Mineral Resources Dr. Young Joo Lee Director, CCOP Technical Secretariat
Scientific Committee Department of Mineral Resources Mr. Naramase Teerarungsigul: Senior Expert Mineral Resources Management Prof. Dr. Punya Charusiri: Senior Expert Geologist Mr. Suvapak Imsamut: Director, Geotechnology Division Dr. Apsorn Sardsud: Director, Mineral Resources Analysis and Identification Division CCOP Technical Secretariat Dr. Dhiti Tulyatid: Regional Expert
Secretarial Dr. Somsak Wathanaprida: Director, International Cooperation section Ms. Patchara Sangoen: Professional Geologist THEMATIC SESSION, 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH 15 - 16 December 2020, Online International Conference
Sources: Coronavirus: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/3D_medical_animation_coronavirus_structure.jpg; Earth: Google Earth Pro
Organized by: Royal Thai Department of Mineral Resources and CCOP Geoscience Towards New Normal and Future Earth: Geoscience of both conventional subjects and leading-edge and interdisciplinary topics have played an important role in sustainable development for future earth. These subjects include those multifaceted interactions with life, earth’s history and evolution, natural hazards and environment, sustainable resource management and development, geoscience education, ethical and culture implications of the crosscutting character of the complex interactions between humans and nature. Furthermore, the geoscience community has now been facing the great challenge of the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has devastated communities and economies around the world. The world after COVID-19 pandemic will never be the same. This year, the CCOP Technical Secretariat, in cooperation with the Royal Thai Department of Mineral Resources, will co-host the online Thematic Session. The CCOP’s Thematic Session 2020 attempts to update and contribute to the world’s new normal in the development of the future earth. We encourage geoscientists of East and Southeast Asia and the around the world to contribute, participate and submit your abstracts and full-paper manuscripts of your articles, as well as to present your work at our first time ever online CCOP 2020 Thematic Session on 15-16 December 2020. CONTENT MESSAGE FROMDIRECTOR OF CCOP TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT OFFICE I CONTENT IV PROGRAMME SCHEDULE VIII POSTER PRESENTATION XIII ABSTRACT VOLUME XV 3D geological mapping of central Tokyo 1 by: Susumu Nonogaki and Tsutomu Nakazawa A multi-resolution geo-data integration approach based on machine learning for spatial 2 assessment of soil contamination by : Ho-rim Kim, Dongwoo Ryu, Kyung-Ho Kim, Soonyoung Yu, Sang-ho Lee, Seongin Ahn, Jihoe Kwon, Sang-il Hwang, Goon-Taek Lee, and Seong-Taek Yun A study of mixture between Mae Moh fly ash and calcium hydroxide for flue gas desulfurization 3 by: Kiattipong Khamngoen Basin geological environment resources and urban ecosystem 4 By: Cen Wang Behavior and fate of geogenicuranium at basin and site scales in shallow groundwater systems 5 by: Wu Ya CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project and Sub-Project for Ground Source Heat Pump System 6 Application by : Gaurav Shrestha and Youhei Uchida Characteristics of igneous rocks from the Sukhothai zone during the Late Permian to Early 7 Jurassic: evidence for changes in formation depth by trace element contents by: Srett Santitharangkun, Burapha Phajuy, Christoph Hauzenberger Characterization of Contaminated Groundwater and Remediation Plans in Namphu and 8 RangbuaSubdistricts, Ratchaburi, Thailand by: Tussanee Nettasana, Manussawee Hengsuwan, Chadaporn Busarakum, Kullaboot, Jirapat Phetheet Cycle performance investigation in compressed air energy storage in aquifers 9 by: Lichao Yang, Qingcheng He Early Paleozoic high- and ultrahigh-pressure complexes of the west Central Asian Orogenic 10 Belt: a review of the latest petrological, geochronological and isotopic studies by: Anfisa V. Pilitsyna, Kirill E. Degtyarev Fault displacement accumulation and slip rate within the Mae Hong Son Fault, northern 11 Thailand: An Integrated Investigation at Mae Tha Lu site with 3D trench modelling by: Chanista Chansom, Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul, Weerachart Wiwegwin, Punya Charusiri Geological Mapping against Difficulties 12 by: Choun-Sian Lim Geology, Occurrence and Gemmology of Khamti Amber from Sagaing Region, Myanmar 13 by: Thet Tin Nyunt, Cho Cho, Naing Bo Bo Kyaw, Murali Krishnaswamy, Loke Hui Ying, Tay Thye Sun, Chutimun Chanmuang N. Geotourism in Stegodon Cave: the Engine of Sustainable Development for Local Communities 14 in SatunUnesco Global Geopark by: Rath Jitrattana and Narongrit Tungpue Gold Mineralization at the PhayaungTaung Mine Area, Central Myanmar 15 by: Win Phyo, Nilar Aung, Myint Soe and Thet Tin Nyunt Groundwater exploration through 2D electrical resistivity tomographyin Labiagricultural site, 16 Belait District, Brunei Darussalam by: Siti Lieyana Mohd Azffri, Stefan Herwig Godeke, Aziz Soffre Ali Ahmad, Mohammad Faizan Ibrahim, Amalina Abdul Khalid, James Jasmir Murphy Growth media with Terracotta Diatomite Tablets for new future living trends 17 Benjawan Thepsatitsil, Rossukhon Musikabutra, Boonyoung Tepsut, Mongkon Ponchunchoovong GSi field data capture application using OGC web services and Spatial Data Infrastructure 18 (SDI) model for efficient processing andsharing of field data by: Joel BANDIBAS and Shinji TAKARADA Happy Geoscience Edu: A new geoscience education system in the time of COVID-19 19 by: Yoon Jung Choi, Eunsu Lee, Chanung Park, Samgyu Park and Sujeong Lee Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Due to Climate Change in Thailand 20 by: Praphawadee Otarawanna and Kriangsak Pirarai Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped 8YSZ for Sustainable Fuel Cell Technology: A 21 Comparative Study of Thermal Analysis, Crystalline Structure, Microstructure and Conductivity Characterization by: Tinesha Selvaraj, Ismail Bin Ibrahim, Banjuraizah Johar, and Khor Shing Fhan Karst Geomorphology in Doi Nang Non, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province 22 by: Kitti Khaowiset, Chandet Chantarat and San Assavapatchara Landslide Vulnerability and Risk Assessments Guideline for Critical Infrastructure: Lessons 23 Learnt from Malaysia Experience by: Zakaria Mohamad, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abd Rahman, Zamri Ramli, Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan, Zainab Mohamed, Rozlan Ahmad Zainuddin, Rozaimi Che Hasan, Mohd Asraff Asmadi, Nurul A’dilah Sailey, and Muhamad Farid Mohamed Dali CONTENT LIBS-screening of Lead-Zinc mineralisations for their potential in critical elements – gaining 25 new insights in the Belgian Mississippi Valley Type deposits and their relationship with karst. by: S. Verheyden, Christian Burlet, Jean-Marc Baele, Severine Papier, Eric Pirard, Hassan Bouzahzah, and Anca Croitor Malaysia’s Groundwater Issues and Challenges and the Way Forward 26 by: Alvyn Clancey Mickey and Datuk Shahar Effendi bin Abdullah Azizi Metallogeny and metallogenic map of the southernmost part of Thailand: A Preliminary 27 Synthesis by: Punya Charusiri, Kritanol Naewboonnien, San Assawapatchara, Supawit Yawsangratt, Wanida. Ra– Nguppit, and Naramase Teerarungsigul Mineral exploration using unmanned aerial vehicles: case studies in Korea 29 by: Bona Kim, Seong-Jun Cho, Eun Seok Bang, and Seungwook Shin
Mitigation of Carbide Lime Waste and CO2 Gas Emission from Acetylene Gas Industry: 30 Feasible Technique of High-Grade PCC Production by: Emee Marina Salleh, Rohaya Othman, Siti Noorzidah Sabri, Zawawi Mahim Multi-scaled high-resolution seismic approaches to identify the geohazard in the coastal area 31 By: Young-Jun Kim Overview of Basement rocks in Central of Thailand 32 by: Sitthinon Kultaksayos, Chonnipha Faksiangsa and San Assavapatchara Possible Origin of Graphite Deposit in Mogok Metamorphic Belt, Singu-Thabeikkyin Area, 33 Northern Part of Mandalay, Myanmar by: Han Naing Zaw*, Thet Tin Nyunt, Ahtar Hlaing, Aung Kyaw Moe, Mg Mg Naing, Soe Myint, Han Lin Moe, and Tun Yu Hlaing Properties and Behavior of Silica Rock from East Coast Malaysia Region in Crystal Glass 34 Application by: Syarifah Aminah Ismail*, Mohamad Haniza Mahmud, MohdIdham Mustaffar Publication of Revised Magnetic Anomaly Map of East and Southeast Asia 35 by: Takemi Ishihara and Toshihiro Uchida Rare Earth Elements Potential in Selected Areas along the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia 36 by: Jasmi Hafiz Abdul Aziz, Siti Nadzirah Nazri, Azman Abdul Ghani, Zakaria Endut, Lee Chung Han, and Chong Khai Yuen Research on Ground Source Heat Pump Application in Southeast Asia under the CCOP- 37 GSJ Groundwater Sub-Project by: Arif Widiatmojo and Youhei Uchida Seismic hazard and risk reduction initiative in low – moderate seismicity area in Malaysia 38 by: Frederick Francis Tating, Bailon Golutin, Ferdaus Ahmad, Zamri Ramli Slope Hazard and Risk Mapping Project (PBRC) – An Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction 39 Initiative by: Ferdaus Ahmad, Zamri Ramli, Frederick F. Tating, Qalam A’zadRosle, Wan Salmi Wan Harun, Mohammed Syahrizal Zakaria and Mohd Farid Abd. Kadir Stepping up Promotion of Malaysian Geosites through Digital Platform in the New Normal 40 by: Muhammad Mustadza Mazni, Norbert Simon, Anuar Ishak, Abd Rahim Harun, Zamri Ramli, Dana Badang and Che Aziz Ali Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Area between the Ban PhuPlu to Ban Khao Sam Chan, 41 Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand by: Kantanat Trakunweerayut, Prinya Putthapiban, Katsuo Sashida, Paiphan Paejaroen, and Remizova Svetlana Syncline structure and the occurrence of the Permian – Triassic – Jurassic Carbonate rocks 42 of Kanchanaburi, Western Thailand by: Prinya Putthapiban, Katsuo Sashida, Svetlana Remizova, Lin Chao, Kantanat Trakunweerayut, Dmitry N. Remizov, Narongsak Kaewdum, Piyatida Saengthong, and Sirot Salyapongse Tectonic setting of meta-tuffs in the mapped Silurian-Devonian unit, Kanchanaburi Province, 43 Western Thailand by: Suwijai Jatupohnkhongchai, Burapha Phajuy and Sirot Salyapongse Th, REE, Y and Sc Potential from Placer Deposits: A Reconnaissance Study of Monazite and 44 Xenotime from Jerai Pluton, Kedah, Malaysia by: F.A. Fauzi, A.A. Jamil, A.H. Abdul Rahman, M. Sibon, M.S. Hasan, M.F. Zahri, H. Ariffin, and A. Sulaiman The new normal for geoscience in a post-COVID world: Connecting informed people with Earth 45 by: Steve Hill, Jane Thorne, Rachel Przeslawski, Rebecca Mouthaan and Chris Lewis The potash exploration in the Na Chuack area, MahaSarakham province (Thailand) 46 by: Nuchit Siritongkham and Wipavee Wiboon-atthapol The Potential Green Environmental Applications of Leonardite from Mae Moh Mine, 47 Northern Thailand by: Kanitta Wongyai UNFC – a tool for securing sustainable and affordable energy, raw materials and resource- 48 based services during the coming reforms to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals. by: Per Blystad, Sigurd Heiberg, Scott Foster, Charlotte Griffiths, Harikrishnan Tulsidas, and David MacDonald Updating Active Fault Map and Slip Rates of Active Faults in Indochina Region 49 by: Weerachat Wiwegwin, Suwith Kosuwan, Jutamas Junpangngern, Rawee Phumsonklin, Passakorn Pananont and Punya Charusiri PROGRAMME SCHDULE
CCOP 2020 Thematic Session “Geoscience towards New Normal and Future Earth” 15 – 16 December 2020, 10:00 -17:00 (Bangkok Time) – Online – 2nd DMR Meeting room, Petch Building, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand
Day I: 15 December 2020, 10:00-17:00 (Bangkok Time) Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85292026529?pwd=ZmNrV0UwV2x0MWtiQXJjUXgrSktuUT09 Meeting ID: 852 9202 6529 Passcode: 56as-ThS YouTube: https://youtu.be/ZT9XNHYqZpc
Time Title Authors 09:00-10:00 Preparations/Setting-up for Zoom Meeting Technical Secretariat & DMR (Morning Coffee Break) 10:00-10:30 Opening of CCOP 2020 Thematic Session
Welcome Address given by: Representative from Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand (DMR)
Special Messages by: Datuk Shahar Effendi bin Abdullah Azizi, Chairperson of CCOP Steering Committee, Permanent Representative of Malaysia to CCOP, Director-General of the Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG)
Opening Address by: Dr. Young Joo LEE, Director of CCOP Technical Secretariat
-Group Photo Session-
Keynote Speaker SESSION I: Geology and Mineral Resources Chairperson:Dr. Young Joo Lee, Director of CCOP TS (for Keynote Speaker) Co-Chairperson: Dr. Prinya Putthapiban Mahidol University, Thailand
Keynote & Geology 10:30-11:00 Keynote: The new normal for geoscience in a Steve Hill, Jane Thorne, Rachel post-COVID world: Connecting informed people Przeslawski, Rebecca Mouthaan1, with Earth and Chris Lewis (Australia) 11:00-11:15 Happy Geoscience Edu: A new geoscience educa- Yoon Jung Choi, Eunsu Lee, tion system in the time of COVID-19 Chanung Park, Samgyu Park, and Sujeong Lee (Republic of Korea) 11:15-11:30 Early Paleozoic high- and ultrahigh-pressure Anfisa V. Pilitsyna, complexes of the west Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Kirill E. Degtyarev (Russia) a review of the latest petrological, geochronological and isotopic studies 11:30-11:45 Stepping up Promotion of Malaysian Geosites Muhammad Mustadza Mazni, through Digital Platform in the New Normal Norbert Simon, Anuar Ishak, Abd Rahim Harun, Zamri Ramli, Dana Badang, Che Aziz Ali (Malaysia)
11:45-12:00 Karst Geomorphology in Doi Nang Non, Maesai Kitti Khaowiset*, Chandet Chantarat district, Chiangrai province and San Assavapatchara (Thailand) 12:00-13:00 Lunch Break
SESSION I: Geology and Mineral Resources (continued) Chairperson: Mr. Zamri Bin Ramli Director, Planning and Management, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG) Co-Chairperson: Dr. Tawatchai Chualaowanich Senior Geologist, Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand 13:00-13:15 Geotourism in Stegodon Cave: the Engine of Rath Jitrattana and Narongrit Tungpue Sustainable Development for Local Communities (Thailand) in Satun Unesco Global Geopark 13:15-13:30 Syncline structure and the occurrence of the Prinya Putthapiban, Katsuo Sashida, Permian–Triassic – Jurassic Carbonate rocks of Svetlana Remizova, Lin Chao, Kanchanaburi, Western Thailand Kantanat Trakunweerayut, Dmitry N. Remizov, Narongsak Kaewdum, Piyat- idaSaengthong, and SirotSalyapongse (Thailand) 13:30-13:45 Overview of Basement rocks in Central of Thailand Sitthinon Kultaksayos, Chonnipha Faksiangsa and San Assavapatchara (Thailand) 13:45-14:00 UNFC – a tool for securing sustainable and Per Blystad, Sigurd Heiberg, Scott affordable energy, raw materials and resource-based Foster, Charlotte Griffiths, Harikrishnan services during the coming reforms to meet the UN Tulsidas, and David MacDonald Sustainable Development Goals. (PETRAD & UNECE) Mineral Resources 14:00-14:15 Behavior and fate of geogenic uranium at basin and Ya Wu site scales in shallow groundwater systems (PR China) 14:15-14:30 Mineral exploration using unmanned aerial Bona Kim, Seong-Jun Cho, EunSeok vehicles: case studies in Korea Bang, and Seungwook Shin (Korea) 14:30-14:45 Rare Earth Elements Potential in Selected Areas Jasmi Hafiz Abdul Aziz, Siti Nadzirah along the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia Nazri, Azman Abdul Ghani, Zakaria Endut, Lee Chung Han, and Chong Khai Yuen (Malaysia) 14:45-15:00 Th, REE, Y and Sc Potential from Placer Deposits: F.A. Fauzi, A.A. Jamil, A.H. Abdul A Reconnaissance Study of Monazite and Xenotime Rahman, M. Sibon, M.S. Hasan, from Jerai Pluton, Kedah, Malaysia M.F. Zahri, H. Ariffin, and A. Sulaiman (Malaysia) 15:00-15:30 VDO Clip - Poster Session and Coffee Break 15:30-15:45 Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped 8YSZ for Tinesha Selvaraj, Ismail Bin Ibrahim, Sustainable Fuel Cell Technology: A Comparative Banjuraizah Johar, and Khor Shing Fhan Study of Thermal Analysis, Crystalline Structure, (Malaysia) Microstructure and Conductivity Characterization 15:45-16:00 Geology, Occurrence and Gemmology of Khamti Thet Tin Nyunt, Cho Cho, Naing Bo Amber from Sagaing Region, Myanmar Bo Kyaw, Murali Krishnaswamy, Loke Hui Ying, Tay Thye Sun, Chutimun Chanmuang N. (Myanmar) 16:00-16:15 Gold Mineralization at the Phayaung Taung Mine Win Phyo, Nilar Aung, Myint Soe and Area, Central Myanmar Thet Tin Nyunt (Myanmar)
16:15-16:30 Possible Origin of Graphite Deposit in Mogok Met- Han Naing Zaw*, Thet Tin Nyunt, amorphic Belt, Singu-Thabeikkyin Area, Northern Ahtar Hlaing, Aung Kyaw Moe, Mg Part of Mandalay, Myanmar Mg Naing, Soe Myint, Han Lin Moe, and Tun Yu Hlaing (Myanmar) 16:30-16:45 A study of mixture between Mae Moh fly ash and Kiattipong Khamngoen (Thailand) calcium hydroxide for flue gas desulfurization 16:45-17:00 The potash exploration in the Na Chuack area, Nuchit Siritongkham and Maha Sarakham province (Thailand). Wipavee Wiboon-atthapol (Thailand) 17:00 End of Day 1 Day II: 16 December 2020 Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85292026529?pwd=ZmNrV0UwV2x0MWtiQXJjUXgrSktuUT09 Meeting ID: 852 9202 6529 Passcode: 56as-ThS YouTube: https://youtu.be/ZT9XNHYqZpc
Time Title Authors 09:00-10:00 Preparations/Setting-up for Zoom Meeting Technical Secretariat & DMR (Morning Coffee Break) SESSION II: Groundwater, Geo-Data & Information, Geo-Environment, Climate Change, Hazard & Urban Geology Chairperson: Dr. Toshihiro Uchida Leader, International Coordination Group, Geological Survey of Japan Co-Chairperson: Dr. TussaneeNettasana Department of Groundwater Resources, Thailand
Groundwater Resources 10:00-10:15 Groundwater exploration through 2D electrical Siti Lieyana Mohd Azffri, Stefan Herwig resistivity tomography in Labi agricultural site, Godeke, Aziz Soffre Ali Ahmad, Belait District, Brunei Darussalam Mohammad Faizan Ibrahim, Amalina Abdul Khalid, James Jasmir Murphy (Brunei Darussalam) 10:15-10:30 CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project and Sub-Project Gaurav Shrestha, Youhei Uchida for Ground Source Heat Pump System Application (Japan) 10:30-10:45 Research on Ground Source Heat Pump Application Arif Widiatmojo*, Youhei Uchida in Southeast Asia under the CCOP-GSJ Groundwater (Japan) Sub-Project 10:45-11:00 Malaysia’s Groundwater Issues and Challenges and Alvyn Clancey Mickey* and Datuk the Way Forward Shahar Effendi bin Abdullah Azizi (Malaysia) 11:00-11:15 Characterization of Contaminated Groundwater and Tussanee Nettasana, Remediation Plans in Namphu and Rangbua Manussawee Hengsuwan, Subdistricts, Ratchaburi, Thailand Chadaporn Busarakum, Kullaboot, Jirapat Phetheet (Thailand) 11:15-11:30 Cycle performance investigation in compressed air Lichao Yang, Qingcheng He* energy storage in aquifers (PR China) Geo-Data & Information 11:30 -11:45 GSi field data capture application using OGC web Joel Bandibas and Shinji Takarada services and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) model (Japan) for efficient processing and sharing of field data 11:45 -12:00 Publication of Revised Magnetic Anomaly Map of Takemi Ishihara and Toshihiro Uchida East and Southeast Asia (Japan) 12:00-13:00 Lunch Break Session II: Groundwater, Geo-Data & Information, Geo-Environment, Climate Change, Hazard & Urban Geology (continued) Chairperson: Dr. Dhiti Tulyatid Regional Expert, CCOP TS Co-Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Punya Charusiri Senior Expert, Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand
Geo-Data & Information 13:00-13:15 3D geological mapping of central Tokyo Susumu Nonogaki* and Tsutomu Nakazawa (Japan) Geo-Environment, Climate Change, Hazards & Urban Geology 13:15-13:30 Basin geological environment resources and urban Cen Wang (PR China) ecosystem 13:30-13:45 Multi-scaled high-resolution seismic approaches to Young-Jun Kim (Republic of Korea) identify the geohazard in the coastal area 13:45-14:00 A multi-resolution geo-data integration approach Ho-rim Kim, Dongwoo Ryu, based on machine learning for spatial assessment of Kyung-Ho Kim, Soonyoung Yu, soil contamination Sang-ho Lee, Seongin Ahn, Jihoe Kwon, Sang-il Hwang, Goon-Taek Lee, and Seong-Taek Yun (Republic of Korea) 14:00-14:15 Slope Hazard and Risk Mapping Project (PBRC) – Ferdaus Ahmad, Zamri Ramli, An Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative Frederick F. Tating, Qalam A’zad Rosle, Wan Salmi Wan Harun, Mohammed Syahrizal Zakaria and Mohd Farid Abd. Kadir (Malaysia) 14:15-14:30 Landslide Vulnerability and Risk Assessments Zakaria Mohamad, Muhammad Guideline for Critical Infrastructure: Lessons Learnt Zulkarnain Abd Rahman, Zamri Ramli, from Malaysia Experience Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan, Zainab Mohamed, Rozlan Ahmad Zainuddin, Rozaimi Che Hasan, Mohd Asraff Asmadi, Nurul A’dilah Sailey, and Muhamad Farid Mohamed Dali (Malaysia)
14:30-14:45 Mitigation of Carbide Lime Waste and CO2 Gas Emee Marina Salleh, Rohaya Othman, Emission from Acetylene Gas Industry: Feasible Siti Noorzidah Sabri, and Technique of High-Grade PCC Production Zawawi Mahim (Malaysia) 14:45-15:00 Seismic hazard and risk reduction initiative in low – Frederick Francis Tating, Bailon moderate seismicity area in Malaysia Golutin, Ferdaus Ahmad, and Zamri Ramli (Malaysia) 15:00-15:15 Coffee Break 15:15-15:30 The Potential Green Environmental Applications of KanittaWongyai (Thailand) Leonardite from Mae Moh Mine, Northern Thailand 15:30-15:45 Updating Active Fault Map and Slip Rates of Active Weerachat Wiwegwin, Suwith Faults in Indochina Region Kosuwan, Jutamas Junpangngern, Rawee Phumsonklin, Passakorn Pananont and Punya Charusiri (Thailand) 15:45-16:00 Laser-induced Break-down Spectroscopy (LIBS)- VERHEYDEN Sophie (Belgium) screening of Lead-Zinc mineralizations for their potential in critical elements – gaining new insights in Mississippi Valley Type deposits and their relation with karst. 16:00 Closing
POSTER PRESENTATION -Online- VDO presentations 15 -16 December 2020, 15:00 -15:15 (Bangkok Time)
1 Properties and Behavior of Silica Rock from East Coast Syarifah Aminah Ismail, Malaysia Region in Crystal Glass Application Mohamad Haniza Mahmud, and MohdIdham Mustaffar (Malaysia) 2 Geological Mapping on the “Planet Mar” Choun Sian/LIM (Malaysia)
3 Integrated water resources management and climate Praphawadee Otarawanna change in Thailand (Thailand) 4 Fault displacement accumulation and slip rate within the Mae Chanista Chansom, Hong Son Fault, northern Thailand: An Integrated Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul, Investigation at Mae Tha Lu site with 3D trench modelling Weerachart Wiwegwin, and Punya Charusiri (Thailand) 5 Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Area between the Kantanat Trakunweerayut, Ban Phu Plu to Ban Khao Sam Chan, Sai Yok District, Prinya Putthapiban, Katsuo Sashida, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand Paiphan Paejaroen, and Remizova Svetlana. (Thailand) 6 Petrography and geochemistry of meta-tuffs in the mapped Suwijai Jatupohnkhongchai, Silurian-Devonian unit, Kanchanaburi Province, Burapha Phajuy, Sirot Salyapongse Western Thailand (Thailand) 7 Characteristics of magma in Sukhothai zone during Late Srett Santitharangkun, Permian to Early Jurassic implicated crustal thickness Burapha Phajuy, Christoph Hauzenberger (Thailand) 8 Fault displacement accumulation and slip rate within the Mae Chanista Chansom, Hong Son Fault, northern Thailand: An Integrated Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul, Investigation at Mae Tha Lu site with 3D trench modelling Weerachart Wiwegwin, Punya Charusiri (Thailand)
1 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
3D geological mapping of central Tokyo Susumu Nonogaki* and Tsutomu Nakazawa Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract GSJ carries out the 3D geological mapping project of central Tokyo cooperating with the Civil Engineering & Training Center (CETC) of Tokyo Metropolitan Government. In this project, firstly, we establish a standard stratigraphic framework beneath central Tokyo using high-quality stratigraphic data obtained from drilling surveys and laboratory works. Secondly, we carry out stratigraphic correlation between borehole logs in the past public construction works, which are accumulated as machine readable digital file by CETC, by adopting the standard stratigraphic framework above. To increase the efficiency of stratigraphic correlation, we developed a simple voxel modeling method of geotechnical properties using a vast number of borehole logs. In this method, the voxel model is constructed by stacking 2D grid data of geotechnical properties, which are generated by Voronoi tessellation using borehole logs, at regular elevation intervals. To date, we constructed prototype models of lithofacies and SPT N-value to a depth of several tens of meters in central Tokyo by using the developed method. Thirdly, we generate the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the geological boundary surfaces based on spline fitting using the results of stratigraphic correlation and construct a surface-based 3D geological model by combining these DEMs under consideration of geological history. Finally, the 3D geological model is provided in three formats: 2D map, 3D map, and cross-section diagrams. The 3D geological map of central Tokyo will be published on the Web in a year. In this presentation, we will talk about our current progress mainly focusing on voxel modeling of geotechnical properties. Keywords: 3D geological map, borehole logs, voxel model, Tokyo, Japan THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 2
A multi-resolution geo-data integration approach based on machine learning for spatial assessment of soil contamination Ho-rim Kim1,**, Dongwoo Ryu1, Kyung-Ho Kim2, Soonyoung Yu3, Sang-ho Lee1, Seongin Ahn1, Jihoe Kwon1, Sang-il Hwang2, Goon-Taek Lee4, and Seong-Taek Yun3,5* 1Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132 2Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 3Korea-CO2 Storage Environmental Management Research Center, Korea University, Seoul 4National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul Republic of Korea E-mail:*corresponding authors: [email protected]; **presenting author: [email protected]
Abstract Spatio-temporal geoscience datasets often contain complexity and nonlinearity; therefore, multi- resolution integration approaches are needed for many application fields of geoscience to take into account the spatial structure and multivariate complexity. In this study, we propose the application of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) among machine learning algorithms to enhance the stability in fitting multivariate spatial data structure. The validity of the approach was tested on trace metals data of soil samples that were collected with high density from a former smelting area (70 m by 65 m). Soil samples were analyzed by in-situ portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analysis (n = 156) and ex-situ laboratory analysis using ICP-AES (n = 153). The result from GMM using multivariate datasets including ICP-AES and PXRF was compared with those from the ordinary kriging (OK) and ordinary cokriging (OCK) using univariate or bivariate dataset. The results from GMM generally provided the lower RMSE (up to 43.5% for As and 75.8% for Pb) and higher r values (up to 31% for As and 46% for Pb) than those from OK and OCK; thus, the use of GMM using could improve the performance of the interpretation of spatial distribution of anthropogenic metals in soil. This study shows that multi-resolution integrated approach can be effectively applied to understand complex and heterogeneous geological and geochemical features. 3 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
A study of mixture between Mae Moh fly ash and calcium hydroxide for flue gas desulfurization Kiattipong Khamngoen Laboratory Section, Geology Department, Mae Moh Mine Planning and Administration, Mae Moh Mine, EGAT, Lampang, 52220, Thailand. *Corresponding author Tel: 66 (0)54 254041, Fax: 66 (0)54 254037 E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The combustion of fuels containing significant amounts of sulfur produces gaseous emissions
containing SO2. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is responsible for the formation of acid rain and many other undesirable environmental and health hazards. Therefore, the capture or separation of sulfur dioxide is an important gas treatment process. In the Mae Moh power plant, directly spraying a slurry of limestone is used in the flue gas desulfurization system (FGD). Although, the calcium conversion in the desulphurization process is not more than 30% because an external shell of sulfated materials is produced in the sorbent particles. To make this material has higher conversion, sorbent properties must be improving. Fly ash is one of the candidates that have high surface area materials. Mae Moh Mine’s which is fly ash (MMFA) mainly contains
approximately SiO2 40% and Al2O3 20%. From these compositions, MMFA mixed with CaOH might be interesting. The effect is related to the formation of various compounds such as
tetracalcium aluminate hydrate (4CaO.Al2O3.13H2O) and calcium silicate hydrate
(CaO.SiO2H2O), that reactivity to SO2 is very high. In this study, MMFA and CaOH are mixed and find the optimum point of condition (temperature, time, and mixing ratios) that has the
highest SO2 adsorption for flue gas treatment. Keywords: FGD, Desulfurization, Fly ash, Sulfur dioxide, Mae Moh basin, THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 4
Basin geological environment resources and urban ecosystem Cen Wang Wuhan geological survey center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, China E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Urban ecosystem is a highly developed artificial system, which is a complex ecosystem of human society, economy and nature. It is the highest stage of human habitat succession from natural ecology to artificial ecology and then to highly complex ecological formUrban ecosystem is a kind of network structure with certain functions formed by the interaction between urban residents and the surrounding biological and abiotic environment. It is also a special artificial ecosystem established by human beings on the basis of transforming and adapting to the natural environment. It is composed of natural system, economic system and social system. The natural system in the city includes the basic material environment for the survival of urban residents, such as sunlight, air, fresh water, land, animals, plants, microorganisms, etc.; the economic system includes all aspects of production, distribution, circulation and consumption; the social system involves all aspects of the social, economic and cultural activities of urban residents, mainly between people, between individuals and the collective All kinds of relations with the collective. The study of geological environment and geological resources is very important for the sustainable development of river basin. 5 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Behavior and fate of geogenicuranium at basin and site scales in shallow groundwater systems Wu Ya Department of Environmental Geology Survey, Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan, China E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Understanding behavior and fate of uranium (U) in groundwater is vital to minimizing its concentrations in potential drinking water sources. To address this issue, assays for samples of sediments and regional and site groundwater from Datong basin (Shanxi province, China) and geochemical modelingwere performed. The site groundwater samples were monthly collected from a multi-aquifer system affected by the Sanggan River in the central basin. Sediments were analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure, XRD, andSEM–EDS. For groundwater,main element and U concentrations, as well as U, H, O, and Sr isotopes were determined. Results show that sediment U contents range from 1.93 to 8.80 (avg 3.00 ± 1.69) mg/kg. Relative to the total U, average fractions of residual U (probably as betafite) and U(VI) bound to carbonates and Fe-Mn oxides are 74.4 ± 18.7%, 17.2 ± 13.3%, and 4.3 ± 2.9%, respectively. Lower average fractions are found for exchangeable U(VI) (2.0 ± 2.8%) and organic matter- and sulfide-bound U (primarily as U(IV), e.g., brannerite) (2.0 ± 0.7%). For regional andsite 0 2− groundwater, pHsare 7.36–8.86 and 7.02–8.44, respectively; Ca2UO2(CO3)3 , CaUO2(CO3)3 , 4− and UO2(CO3)3 are predominant U forms, and constitute > 99.5% of the total dissolved U. For the former, elevated U concentrations occur mainly in shallow aquifers (3–40 m deep) of the discharge and west flow-through areas, with 50% of the sampled points >30 μg/L. Site groundwater U loading are up to 30.2 µg/L, and exhibit strong spatial-seasonal variations which 2+ − are related to pH and Eh values, and dissolved Ca , HCO3 , and Fe(III) concentrations. It can be concluded that betafite and carbonate weathering and U(VI) desorption from ferrihydrite are the primary geochemical processes responsible for U mobilization, with a minor contrition from U(IV) oxidation. Abiotic U(IV) oxidation may be induced mainly by dissolved oxygen under oxic and suboxic conditions, but linked to amorphous ferrihydrite under Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing conditions. Chemical U(VI) reduction could be caused principally by − siderite and mackinawite. Under alkaline conditions, higher HCO3 concentrations and lower 2+ − 2− 34− Ca /HCO3 molar ratios (< ~0.2) result in formation of CaUO2(CO3)3 and UO2(CO3) , and 2+ 2+ − U(VI) desorption. With increases in Ca concentrations and Ca /HCO3 ratios (> ~0.2), these 0 anionic species may shift to the neutral Ca2UO2(CO3)3 , which could facilitate U(VI) further desorption. These results improve the understanding of U environmental geochemistry and are important for groundwater resources management in this and similar other Quaternary aquifer systems.
Keywords: Sediment U speciation; U(VI) release; Ca–UO2–CO3 complexes; Quaternary aquifers THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 6
CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project and Sub-Project for Ground Source Heat Pump SystemApplication Gaurav Shrestha and Youhei Uchida Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Over exploitations of groundwater have resulted in many problems related to groundwater pollution, land subsidence etc. CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Project aims to contribute some solutions for groundwater management in CCOP regions. Groundwater Project Phase III was started in February 2015 and completed in February 2019. The main objective of Phase III was to develop a web-based groundwater database of CCOP member countries. In the Phase III, three groups were formed to promote the project smoothly, namely DB Group I, DB Group II and Public Policy Group. DB groups were subjected to compile groundwater data, while Public Policy Group was focused to develop a draft public policy on groundwater observation system. The groundwater data compiled were uploaded and shared on the web-based Groundwater Portal created under the CCOP Geoinformation Sharing Infrastructure for East and Southeast Asia (GSi) Project, which uses the world standard formats and GIS to share various geoscientific information in the CCOP member countries. The sub-project was also started to promote the application of ground source heat pump (GSHP) system in Southeast Asia with a motive to contribute to energy conservation and mitigation of heat island phenomenon. The main objectives of this sub-project were to demonstrate the benefits of installing GSHP system in Bangkok, to develop the adjustment techniques for the system to be installed in tropical regions and to develop suitability maps in regional scale. In cooperation with Chulalongkorn University and Department of Mineral Resources of Thailand, Akita University of Japan, Vietnam Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, and BPPT of Indonesia, three GSHP systems were installed in Thailand, one in Vietnam and a bore hole heat exchanger in Indonesia. Groundwater Project Phase IV was started from December 2019 after successfully completing Phase III, with the purpose of updating and improvising the groundwater database. In this Phase IV, groundwater data of Public Policy Group will also be added including additional parameters related to groundwater pollution and land subsidence to the existing database. Keywords: groundwater, database, ground source heat pump system, Southeast Asia 7 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Characteristics of igneous rocks from the Sukhothai zone during the Late Permian to Early Jurassic: evidence for changes in formation depth by trace element contents Srett Santitharangkun1*, Burapha Phajuy1,Christoph Hauzenberger2 1Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2Institute of Earth Sciences - NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, Graz, Austria E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Formation and emplacement of magmatic rocks are well documented in the Sukhothai zone in SE Asia during Permo-Triassic to Early Jurassic times (250-180 Ma). We present geochemical data of igneous rocks from Northern Thailand and Northwestern Lao PDR in order to document the changes with timeat which crustal level partial melting occurred. Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Ho/Yb ratios in igneous rocks are sensitive to the depth of melt formation due to the presence/ab sence of high-pressure minerals (e.g.,garnet). These ratios rise with depth of formation thus indicating increasing crustal thickness. Therefore, those ratios were used to unravel the changes in crustal thickness and hence depth of magma formation. The observed magmatism in the Sukhothai zone points to a long-lived subduction with syn- collision and post collision events. The subduction phases started in the late Permian and waned at Middle Triassic times. Geochemical data (high Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Ho/Ybratios) allow to document crustal thickeningand formation of melts at higher depths at 250-244 Ma. This event is also associated with the closing of the Nan-Uttaradit back arc basin. The rhyolitic samples from the Chiang Khong area might be the product of an arc to syn-collisional tectonic setting at around 240 Ma which is confirmed by high values of Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Ho/Yb ratios. At approximately 240-216 Ma lower Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Ho/Yb ratios in the produced magmatic rocks indicate shallower melting depths related to crustal thinning and extension. However, igneous rocks which intruded around 214-210 Ma, display slightly elevated ratios indicating a deeper source of granitic magmatism. Subsequently, extension and thinning of continental crust occurred during the Early Jurassicconfirmed by lower Sr/Y, La/Yb, and Ho/Yb ratios. The changes in the depth of magma formation from the Early Permian to the Early Jurassic in the Sukhothai zone is consistent with the transition of a volcanic arc into a post-collision extensional environment which is related to the closure of the Paleo-Tethys ocean. Keywords: Geology, SE Asia, Crustal thickness, Sukhothai zone, Tectonic THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 8
Characterization of Contaminated Groundwater and Remediation Plans in Namphu and RangbuaSubdistricts, Ratchaburi, Thailand Tussanee Nettasana, Manussawee Hengsuwan, Chadaporn Busarakum, Kullaboot, JirapatPhetheet Department of Groundwater Resources, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].
Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nickel concentration were detected higher than standards in groundwater monitoring wells and domestic wells located nearbythe landfill area of an industrial waste recycling company in 2014. The groundwater quality monitoring results from 2015-2019 also indicated that there has been the presence of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, manganese, and nickel in the area. The project aims to identify the presence and characteristics of contaminants in the sub-surface, propose the potential remediation plans, and provide guidance forthe community and environmental agencies in terms of groundwater management in contaminated areas. The site location is located in Namphu and Rangbuasubdistricts, Ratchaburi province, western Thailand. Agricultural activities are primarily land uses in the plain areanearThaluHill and the main stream called Namphu. The hydrogeology of the area includes unconfined and confined aquifers. The unconfined aquifer consists of clay, sandy clay, silty sand, and weathered rock with 3-8 meters thick. Depth to groundwater is approximately 1-6 meters. The confined aquifer is occupied in bedrock consisting of massive limestone, meta-sandstone, mudstone, and quartzite which is 20-80 meters below the surface. Groundwater flow appears to follow the topography from the high plain in the northwestern side of the area to the river plain in the southeast. The field investigation comprised the geophysical survey using a resistivity method, a direct push drilling technology which is the Membrane Interface Probe and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHPT), the collection of 89 groundwater samples, 11 surface waters, and 17 soil samples,as well as 20 monitoring wells installation. Results of the MiHPT investigation indicated that significant VOCs contamination exists in the landfill area and the private property which is located within 1 kilometer from the landfill. The analytical results of groundwater reported that vinyl chloride and benzene were detected in shallow wells located in the southeast of the landfill area. A mathematical model performed using the Visual MODFLOW Flex program is then used to confirm the flow direction, define the distribution of the contaminate plume, and identify the possible hotspot of pollutants where the contaminants were leaked from surface to groundwater system. The residents should be warned not to use groundwater from contaminated wells and provided the other sources of clean water. The potential remediation methods from the analytical data are to construct the permeable reactive barrier with zero-valent iron or activated carbon. Further investigation and continued monitoring are required in order to design remediation measures. 9 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Cycle performance investigation in compressed air energy storage in aquifers Lichao Yang, Qingcheng He* Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Email: [email protected]
Abstract Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is one of the promising technologies to store the renewable energies such as surplus solar and wind energy in a grid scale. Due to the widespread of aquifers in the world, the compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) has advantages compared to the conventional CAES technologies, which store the compressed air in caverns. In this study,a numerical model by TOUGH3/EOS3 is proposed to simulate a field-scale study of a novel CAES by storing the compressed air in aquifer. Three types of cycles, which are daily cycle, weekly cycle and monthly cycle, are designed to study their performances. It demonstrated that the air temperature in CAESA system increases with the cycle continues. The energy recovery efficiency of daily cycle is slightly higher than that of other cycles, which means that with the same storage scale, daily cycle has advantages compared to other cycle modes. The simulation results can provide references for engineering application in future. Keywords: aquifers; compressed air energy storage; numerical model; cycles; energy recovery efficiency THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 10
Early Paleozoic high- and ultrahigh-pressure complexes of the west Central Asian Orogenic Belt: a review of the latest petrological, geochronological and isotopic studies Anfisa V. Pilitsyna, Kirill E. Degtyarev 1Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky lane, 7/1, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract In the structure of the west Central Asian Orogenic Belt, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and NW part of China, various Precambrian massifs are identified. These massifs are framed by deformed and dismembered Palaeozoicophiolites, island arc and flysсh. The basement of the massifs is made up by metamorphic complexes; in doing so some of them have been undergone by high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in Early Palaeozoic. The metamorphic formations are observed from the well-studied Zerendy series of the Kokchetav massif (Northern Kazakhstan); Akdzhon series of the Issyk-Kul massif (Northern Tien Shan); Aktyuz and Koyandy complexes of the Chu-Kendyktas and Zheltau massifs (Southern Kazakhstan and Northern Tien Shan, respectively); Kassan series of the Ishim-Naryn massif (Middle Tien Shan). A review of the results of the comprehensive studies of the structures, compositions and metamorphic evolution of the high-grade formations, comprising the metamorphic complexes of these massifs, has been provided. During the last 30 years of the research, numerous P-T assessments, characterizing the near-peak and/or post-peak retrograde conditions, or occasionally P-T paths of the prograde stages, have been calculated for the key rock types. For the major part of the studied high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks the near-peak and/or post-peak ages of metamorphism have been estimated. The problems arising while reconstructing of the geodynamic models of formation of the high- and ultrahigh-pressure complexes known from the different massifs of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, have been considered. It is shown that the detailed information on the compositions, ages and formation settings of the protoliths for the studied ultrahigh-, high- and moderate-pressure varieties is needed for the reliable model construction. Moreover, the structures and compositions of the Palaeozoic complexes, framing the observed Precambrian massifs, should be taken into consideration as well. 11 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Fault displacement accumulation and slip rate within the Mae Hong Son Fault, northern Thailand: An Integrated Investigation at Mae Tha Lu site with 3D trench modelling Chanista Chansom1, Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul1*, Weerachart Wiwegwin2 and Punya Charusiri2,3 1Basin Analysis and Structural Evolution Research Unit (BASERU), Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 2Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand 3Morphology of EarthSurfaceand Advanced Geohazards Research Unit (MESA RU), Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The Mae Hong Son Fault (MHSF) is a north-south trending active fault in northern Thailand, which produced mostly very minor (< 2.9 magnitude) earthquakes in the Mae Hong Son and Tak areas. The largest earthquake ever recorded was a magnitude of 5.6, happened in 1975 at Ban Tha Song Yang, Tak Province. The MHSF consists of 55 segments. Among these segments, the Mae Tha Lu segment, located in the southern part of the MHSF, was generally reported on tectonic geomorphology without age dating information. Therefore, this study aims to investigate geomorphological features of the MHSF using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with high resolution 12.5m and to evaluate paleoearthquake magnitudes, recurrence intervals, and slip rates of the Mae Tha Lu segment by excavating paleoseismic trenches. Remote-sensing interpretation, field investigations, and paleoseismic excavation together with optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results constitute the main methodology. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) trench model was created using a photogrammetry technique. It was used as a virtual outcrop that created effective communication between field-based and lab-based researchers. According to morphotectonic analysis, offset streams, triangular facets and fault scarps have been formed as a result of dextral movement within the active fault zone. The major strike-slip faults have been recognized with an approximate trend in north-south direction, displaying not only dextral but also normal movement faults. The dextral movement along strike of the MHSF has been measured ca. 200 km. As a result, the Mae Tha Lu segment with the surface rupture length of ca. 8.8 km can generate the maximum credible earthquake magnitude of 6.2. Base on stratigraphic ordering and statistical comparison of OSL dates using the Risø TL/OSL software, we estimate the latest earthquake at the Mae Tha Lu segment at 44,000 yr BP. The mean offset of the stream at the Mae Tha Lu segment, which is ca. 4 m, can give rise to an average slip rate of ca. 0.09 mm/yr. Keywords: Paleoearthquake, Mae Hong Son Fault, Morphotectonic, 3D trench model THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 12
Geological Mapping against Difficulties Choun-Sian Lim SEADPRI, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Imagine carrying out a geological mapping at the locations beyond reach, where accessibilities will be a major constraint.The discussion will be about the studying geology on planet Earth, not out of the world. The title aims to describe the remoteness of a site due to impossibilities or unfavourable conditions that might hamper accessibility. Since the inauguration of geology in more than a century ago, the principles of geology and the science were built based on observations mostly required a geoscientist to be present at the ground. Field investigation and mapping are the core of earth science, and today they are still the integral part of a geoscientist training. Nevertheless, not every time a site is easily or physically reachable due to resources, regulations & ethics, safety constraints, and lastly against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion will thread from the lens of geomorphological and engineering geological mapping which encompasses mainly three stages namely desktop, reconnaissance and detailed field studies. The paper shares some experience on landslide mapping projects where cost and distance where among the main consideration and limitation. The mapping projects required to travel more than 1,000 kilometres across the sea by flight from Kuala Lumpur (capital city of Malaysia) to mountainous area in Kundasang and Kinabalu areas (Sabah), and Niah (Sarawak), and a few sites with several hours off-road journey on a 4x4 vehicle to arrive at the outcrops. In these instances, the project plaining and management for cost and time are mission critical and becoming a required skill set. The special emphasis is also on the needs of having extensive desktop research study before a travel to ensure the time-cost-optimised reconnaissance survey is accomplished, it include strategising “what and where” to verify at the sites from a desktop hypothesis, subsequent to charting out a detailed site investigation stage. The geological mapping in current time also involve a synergy in making use of modern technology; various kind of mapping software, mobile gadgets and equipment, complimented by digital spatial topographic and geological data, involving open source, propriety and remotely- sensed data are utilised in stages of a geological investigation. Keyword: Geological mapping 13 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Geology, Occurrence and Gemmology of Khamti Amber from SagaingRegion, Myanmar Thet Tin Nyunt1,*, Cho Cho2, Naing Bo Bo Kyaw3, Murali Krishnaswamy4, Loke Hui Ying5, Tay Thye Sun6, Chutimun Chanmuang N7. 1Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, 15011 Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 2School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan); Myanma Gems Enterprise, 15011 Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 3Myanma Gems Enterprise, 15011 Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 4Department of Chemistry, NUS High School of Mathematics and Science, 20 Clementi Ave. 1, Singapore 129957 5,6Far East Gemological Laboratory, 12 Arumugam Road # 04-02, LTC Building B, Singapore 409958 7Institut fürMineralogie und Kristallographie, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria *Email: [email protected]
Abstract Burmite or Myanmar amber is found at Tanai in Hukaung valley in Kachin State and at Htilin (Tilin) in Magway Region. Another occurrence of amber is found in Pat-tar bum (also called Pa-ta bum) which is located near the Nampilinstream, about 40 km southeast of Khamti (Hkamti), Khamti Township, Sagaing Region. The present mining sites are Lachun (Laychun) Maw (mostproductive), Kyat Maw, Shan Maw, Gyar Maw, Kyauk Tan Maw and Naneindra Maw. Low grade metamorphic rocks, Kanpetletschists and similar schists of Naga Hill are exposed in the eastern part which includes glaucophaneschist, graphiteschist, epidoteschist, etc. Sedimentaryunits of Miocene age of Upper Pegu Grouparewidely exposed in the western, middle andnortheastern part. Amber is found in Orbitolina fossil (mid-Cretaceous) bearing limestone which is ranging from a few inches to two to three feet. It is intercalated with sandstone andcarbonaceous shaley limestone and sometimes together with carbonaceous materials. The dipsof the bedding vary from 20-35 degree and amber production is carried along the bedding plane.Moreover, amber is also found in sandstone and carbonaceous shale. The primary amber miningis carried out by blasting the amber-bearing limestone, sandstone and carbonaceous shaley limestonealong their bedding plane and aditing. The colour of Pat-tar bumamber varies from yellow,greenish-yellow, orangy-yellow, golden yellow, brownish-yellow and brown. Gemmologically,it shows transparent to opaque and the refractive index ranges from 1.53 to 1.54 (spotreading),and specific gravity ranges from 1.03 to1.09. Ultraviolet radiation analyses show that very strong chalky yellowish-blue under long wave and weak chalky yellowish-blue or greenish weak chalky yellowish-blue or greenish under shortwave.Some of the deep brownish material displays weak chalky blue or yellow under long wave ultravioletlight and inert under short wave ultraviole tlight. Inclusions that contain in the present study areflattened gas bubbles, flowmarks, some brownish or ganic debris and various insects inclusions (spider, flies and feather like and plant-like inclusions and organic materials). Eleven analysed specimens of Pat-tar bum amber were quite similar to one another and the IR features were dominated by a group of absorption bands at around 2800–3000 cm–1, relatively narrow bandsin the range of 950–1750 cm–1 overlaying a broad hump at 800–1400 cm–1, and a weak broad band at around 3420 cm–1. Pat-tar bum amber did not show significant absorption in the 1050–1250–1 cm region, and an additional band at 1764 cm–1 was not detected. The characteristic FTIR and Raman spectra of young copal have not been observed from the Pat-tar bum amber which provide the confirmation for the older age of the amber i.e., mid-Cretaceous (Aptian?) as confirmed by the Orbitolina sp. fossil in the host limestone. Keywords: amber, Pat-tar bum, Khamti, FTIR and Raman spectra, Orbitolinasp THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 14
Geotourism in Stegodon Cave: the Engine of Sustainable Development for Local Communities in Satun Unesco Global Geopark Rath Jitrattana1* and Narongrit Tungpue2 1Department of Mineral Resources, 75/10 Rama 6 Rd. Rachatewi, Bangkok,Thailand. 2Satun UNESCO Global Geopark office, 206 Mu 6, ThungWa sub-district,ThungWa District, Satun, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract Stegodon cave is located in Thung Wa district, Satun, Thailand. It is one of famous geotourism sitein Satun UNESCO Global Geopark. The cave is a stream cave in the N-S elongated cliff limestone mountain ranges. Shape and water level in cave is affected by water from streams on eastern outletand daily sea tides on the western outlet. In 2008, Pleistocene rhinos and particularly of the Stegodonwere found inside by 3 fisherman and then the name was renowned from “Wang Kluai” to“Stegodon cave” or “Tham Le Stegodon”. The cave tunnels are 4 – 30 meters wide and 10 – 20 meters high with a total length 3,389.01 kilometers. It is claimed that it is the longest stream cave inThailand. The stream outlet in the western side is connected with a brackish stream run through athicket of mangrove forest that needs to sailing boat about 4 kilometers to get on the land at BanTha Oil pier. The main magnetic sites in this cave are beautiful stalactite stalagmite many kinds of caveanimal and Paleozoic fossils. These tourism activities were started at the end of 2012 and run by Stegodon cave kayaking community enterprise. The route in cave is opened for tourism is 2,569.62 kilometers by kayaking thorough main tunnel. Because of its geological and natural value, geotourism concept was considered to run tourism activities in the cave. Geoscience training, tourism guide skill and tourism standard was provided continuously by Department of Mineral Resources, Local Universities and Satun Communities collage to geo-guides and local people. Theprice for travelling in the cave is 300 Baht per person. Tourists will be informed geoscience information, local history by geo-guides and learn about living style of people in Geopark and increase awareness to them. Not only income of local people but natural resources were protectedas well under idea of geotourism. After started geotourism in the cave the numbers of tourist increase from only 64 in 2012 to 4,642 in 2018 and in the first quarter of 2019 the number of touristsrise to 3,313. It means the big money from tourism has spread to area already. However, number of tourists that increase dramatically in 2019 is the new challenge of geotourism management of thiscave. Keywords: Stegodon cave, Geotourism, Geoguides 15 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Gold Mineralization at the Phayaung Taung Mine Area, Central Myanmar Win Phyo1*, Nilar Aung2, Myint Soe1 and Thet Tin Nyunt1 1Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration, MONREC 2Department of Geology, Pathein University *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The Phayaung Taung gold deposit is located at 32 km northeast of Mandalay in Central Myanmar. Geologically, the gold deposit belongs to the northernmost extension of the Slate Belt, and is covered by the metamorphosed sedimentary sequence of phyllite, schist and quartzite of the Chaungmagyi Group of Precambrian age. The gold-quartz veins are mainly hosted by strongly jointed quartzite, and associated with both stockwork veins system trending NE-SW parallel to the shear zone. An electrum is precipitated as small grains in the early stage tourmaline bearing vein with minor amounts of sulfides (Chalcopyrite, Pyrite) ± Tellurobismutite. In later stage, sulfide disseminated vein, the electrum grains were observed with Petzite and Hessite. In addition, the secondary remobilized native gold was also common in brecciated/ oxidized zones along the E-W trend normal and reverse faults. The Au content of gold grains ranges from 75.51 to 99. 76 at% and the grain size ranges from 3 to 200µm. Tourmaline bearing gold-quartz veins (early stage) are composed of bi- phase fluid inclusions (liquid + vapor); those are trapped parallel to a growth band of quartz crystal of veins. Homogenization temperature of early veins ranges from 292 to 426°C, and salinity ranges from 3.5 to 8.3 NaCl equiv. wt. %. In the sulfide disseminated veins (later stage) the homogenization temperature range from 234 to 332°C, and salinity ranges 2.7 to 9.5 NaCl equiv. wt. %. Estimated formation temperature of early stage vein ranges from 360 to 380°C and late stage vein is from 260 to 280° C. The gold mineralization is regarded therefore as the shear zone- hosted orogenic, mesothermal gold-quartz vein system. However, the secondary formed native gold occurs in association with quartz, hematite, goethite and other minor amounts of iron oxides within the micro-fractures in brecciated quartzite. This gold may be related with the remobilization of primary auriferous quartz veins during strongly post –mineralized deformation events. Keywords: Deformation, Homogenization Temperature, Mineralization, Orogenic, Remobilization THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 16
Groundwater exploration through 2D electrical resistivity tomographyin Labi agriculturalsite, Belait District, Brunei Darussalam Siti Lieyana Mohd Azffri1,3, Stefan Herwig Godeke1, Aziz Soffre Ali Ahmad2, Mohammad Faizan Ibrahim2, Amalina Abdul Khalid³ and James Jasmir Murphy³ 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 2Department of Agriculture and Agrifood, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam ³Preston GeoCEM (B) SdnBhd, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Email: [email protected]
Abstract The 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method has been used extensively for many years for groundwater exploration. This technique was applied in Brunei Darussalam at the Labi agricultural site to delineate subsurface structures and groundwater prospects for rice irrigation. In the past, the Brunei government has relied on surface water as the primary source of water for domestic and industrial use. Increasing population and demands for water, especially in its growing agriculture sector, has led to the exploration for groundwater in water-scarce agricultural areas driven by the Brunei Government. The ERT survey was employed at this site combined with borehole drilling. The study carried out used the pole-dipole array configuration with a surveyed depth of up to 100 m. 2D resistivity data revealeda potential aquifer zone with resistivity values ranging from 5 Ωm to 100 Ω at a depth of about 20 m below ground. Resistivity datasets were confirmed and validated by borehole drilling of up to a depth of 80 m. Aquifer parameters estimated from pumping tests using the unsteady Cooper Jacob analysis method indicate that the transmissivity value is 109 m²/day thus showing moderate potential for groundwater usage in this area for irrigation purposes.ERT, along with borehole studies, provided insights on the hydrogeology at the Labi agricultural site. The present study helped decision-makers to take suitable measures for placing an irrigation well, and to achieve significant results for groundwater exploration and development of groundwater resources in other similar geological settings of the country. Keywords: Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Groundwater, Aquifer, Geology, Brunei, SE Asia 17 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Growth media with Terracotta Diatomite Tabletsfor new future living trends Benjawan Thepsatitsil1*, Rossukhon Musikabutra2*, Boonyoung Tepsut3*, Mongkon Ponchunchoovong4* 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*SCG CEMENT CO.,LTD., Bangkok, Thailand E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract In the present, the most of people in the big city are interestingand caringto pot houseplants. They always live in a busy time work and encounter pollution everyday. The houseplants are the hobbies to make them feel relaxing and release working stress. However, they have a few time to take care them. So, agood growing media should be supported nutrients and moisture for plants in which they are grown. Understanding of materials for growing media is important for encourage root health and can support plants. Diatomite was selected for this study due to some properties that can be made growing media. SCG has diatomite mining concession in Lampang province, northern part of Thailand. The reserves are more than 2 million tons in mining license and more than 10 million tons in SCG land. Diatomite is sedimentary rock that is mainly composed of the siliceous skeletal of diatoms. It is a very porous rock, a very low density and excellent absorbent. These properties make diatomite an excellent growing media for decorative plantation and functional plants application. This study was carried out to characterize some physical and chemical properties of diatomite and its potential use as a growing media for plant and high valuated product of diatomite. Growing media of Diatomite is used as an environmentally friendly material to water storage. It is organic, natural product with no chemical additives, high silica, high porous for water holding, high absorbent, non-hazardous mineral, long lasting and reusable. From this study, diatomite has molding and burned process from 700 to 1,200 degree Celsius. The suitable temperature is 1,000 degree Celsius to change diatomite become to “Terracotta Diatomite Tablets”. Terracotta Diatomite Tablets has the pale reddish color with various sizing. It can be used to grow a variety of plants including hydroponics, cactus, orchids and other plants by sprout seeds before transplanting and an anchor the roots after transplanting to a pot plant. Not only does the grow media acts to support the plant, but it also moisture and nutrient to the root and the soil to breathe. Keywords: Diatomite, Growing media, Terracotta Diatomite Tablets THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 18
GSi field data capture application using OGC web services and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) model for efficient processing andsharing of field data Joel BANDIBAS and Shinji TAKARADA Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The GSi information system is a versatile web-based platform for processing and sharing a wide range of geospatial information among the countries in East and Southeast Asia. Using the system for processing and sharing real-time field data is very important in many situations such as emergency response during the occurrence of natural disaster. This paper focuses on the developed GSi-linked field data capture mobile application. The application is included in GSi’s applications layer of the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) model setup. It provides mobile device interface for encoding field data and taking pictures which are instantly uploaded and stored in the GSi database. Web Processing Service (WPS) and Web Map Service (WMS) modules are formulated in the GSi system to process and share the gathered data. Using the modules, field data can be instantly displayed and shared on GSi’s main page and GSi generated WebGIS portals, as WMS point map layer. The formulated WPS provides data for customized feature information popup and picture display interface. The application is presently available for use and can be accessed at https://ccop-gsi.org/fdc/. Users should register in GSi to use the mobile application. The GSi main portal URL is https://ccop-gsi.org/main/. Keywords: GSi, SDI, WPS, WMS 19 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Happy Geoscience Edu: A new geoscience education system in the time of COVID-19 Yoon Jung Choi**, Eunsu Lee, Chanung Park, Samgyu Park* and Sujeong Lee Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea E-mail: *corresponding authors: [email protected]; **presenting author: [email protected]
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has weakened many education systems worldwide. As a geoscience education center, the International School for Geoscience Resources (IS-Geo) of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) has also faced difficulties in educating the public during the pandemic. To overcome the difficulties of a face-to-face education system, IS-Geo created a new education system brand named “Happy Geoscience Edu”, which contains various home-training kits, special online courses and a small-group field training course. Happy Geoscience Edu consists of four different courses: Happy Geoscience Box, Happy Geoscience Class, Happy Geoscience Talk and Happy Geoscience Trip. In ‘Happy Geoscience Box’ course, IS-Geo sends geoscience boxes to families with children. The box contains various geoscience experiment kits together with written instructions and scientific explanations. With this Happy Geoscience Box, parents can guide their children to run the experiments at home. ‘Happy Geoscience Class’ is an online education course mainly for primary to high school students. In classrooms, the students can learn geoscience experiment of a chosen topic through online lectures and follow the instructions. ‘Happy Geoscience Talk’ is an interaction event between KIGAM and the general public. Anyone can send their questions, within the suggested topic, to IS-Geo and then the experts from KIGAM will answer (talk) their questions via YouTube. All ‘talks’ are opened to the public since it aims to increase the public’s attention to geoscience. ‘Happy Geoscience Trip’ is a small-group field training course on UNESCO Geoparks in Korea. It aims to educate local commentators and the public about the detailed geology of the Geoparks. Happy Geoscience Edu has already received positive feedbacks in Korea. We hope this can inspire the education systems in other CCOP member countries. Keyword: Geoscience education THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 20
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Due to Climate Change in Thailand Praphawadee Otarawanna and Kriangsak Pirarai Department of Groundwater Resources, Bangkok, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Water resources are considered essential in daily life and human activities. It becomes increasingly important as the agricultural industry grows and the demand for water increases. As climate change causes repeated floods and droughtsevery yearin many areas in Thailand. It has a direct effect on changesin water level and water volume on both surface water and groundwater. The Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) is the main agency that oversees and manages groundwater resources throughout the country. DGR also has direct responsibility for groundwater resources research, as well as the exploration and assessment of groundwater potential,conservation and restoration of groundwater resources,and the control of groundwater applications for essential business operations. Integrated water resources management is essential for implementing a sustainable system of water use in the country. Integratedwater resources management in Thailand is a cooperative concept to work in many Thai Government agencies such as DGR, the Office of the National Water Resources, the Department of Water Resources, the Royal Irrigation Department, and the Department of Mineral Resources. Recently, DGR has managed many groundwater management projects to address the recurring problems of drought and flooding every year, for example, the project ofartificial shallow groundwater recharge and recovery throughout the country.It can store large amounts of groundwater flow through aquifers in the rainy season, and groundwater will be abstracted from aquifers to be used during the dry season. In addition, groundwater is also used for agriculture, drilling and development of groundwater in the area as riverbank filtration (RBF), the study of the development of large groundwater sources, remote transmission of groundwater to solve drought in water-scarce areas. Groundwater development is not only to support agriculture consumption by using solar energy technology, but also to enhance community water security. Transboundary aquifers management with neighboring countries plays an essential role that is indispensable for integrated water resources management as well. Furthermore, the participation of all stakeholders in water management,especiallywater user groups such as farmers and villagers, requiresa network of local water users as well as laws enforcement to regulate the use of groundwater. Climate change affects water bodies that are in the state of drought and floods every year. Water resources should be managed, well planned and utilized for all benefits. Therefore, integrated water resources management is one of the key concepts of socio-economic benefits for the water use sectors in terms of food production, drinking water, jobs, other recreational activities with participation of all sectors. It is necessary to move forward together with government agenciesto sustain water resources development for future generations. Keywords: Integrated water resources management, climate change, transboundary aquifers. 21 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Iron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped 8YSZ for Sustainable Fuel Cell Technology: A Comparative Study of Thermal Analysis, Crystalline Structure, Microstructure and Conductivity Characterization Tinesha Selvaraj1*, Ismail Bin Ibrahim1, Banjuraizah Johar2, and Khor Shing Fhan3, 1Mineral Research Centre, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Ipoh Perak, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Fuel cells are considered a highly efficient and eco-friendly alternative for energy production. However, the cost of materials must be ensured to commercialise fuel cells successfully. Low- cost 8mol% yttriastabilised zirconia (8YSZ) with single dopants corresponding to 2 mol% iron and zinc were prepared, and its material characteristic was analysed and presented. At the initial sintering stage, the activation energy of densification for the zinc- and iron-doped samples reduced to 355 kJ/mol and 576 kJ/mol, respectively, which were much lower than the 1087 kJ/mol of pure 8YSZ sample. On the other hand, the densification of Zn- and Fe-doped samples enhanced to 90.49% and 92.09%, respectively, while the densification of the undoped sample was 77.27%. The results demonstrated that both dopants significantly reduced the activation energy for densification and successfully increased the relative density. Iron dopant tends to enhance the grain size, while zinc dopant can control the grain size. Besides that, Rietveld quantitative phase analysis showed that adding dopants can increase the concentration of cubic-
ZrO2 (C-ZrO2) phase was. That was 49 wt% and 47.4 wt% were respectively for 2 mol% Zn- doped 8YSZ sample (YSZ-2Fe) and 2 mol% Fe-doped 8YSZ (YSZ-2Zn), while 33.1 wt% for the
pure 8YSZ. Also, dopant Fe and Zn can successfully reduce the tetragonal-ZrO2 (T-ZrO2) and
monoclinic-ZrO2 (M-ZrO2) phase dramatically around ~20% and ~31%, correspondingly. Among the single doped samples, the total conductivity value of YSZ-2Zn sample was higher than the YSZ-2Fe sample, which was 6.885 x 10-5 S/cm and 6.251 x 10-5 S/cm, respectively. Although the densification degree in YSZ-2Fe was slightly higher than that in YSZ-2Zn, the total conductivity of YSZ-2Fe samples is lower may be due to the higher tetragonality of the tetragonal phase in the YSZ-2Fe sample and the influence of grain growth. In short, the zinc- doped 8YSZ sample demonstrated promising results in terms of activation energy and phase content,and capable of controlling the accelerated grain growth in the 8YSZ sample during final sintering stage, which was a decisive factor on total conductivity value. Therefore, zinc dopants could contribute to the development of solid electrolyte technology. Keywords: Yttria Stabilized Zirconia; Densification; Rietveld refinement; Dopant. THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 22
Karst Geomorphology in Doi Nang Non, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province Kitti Khaowiset*, Chandet Chantarat and San Assavapatchara Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The study of geology and karst topography in the area of Doi Nang Non, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province covers an area of approximately 350 km2. From the interpretation of aerial photography and satellite images with field investigations revealed that the geological setting of this area consists of igneous and sedimentary rocks, which can be classified into four units, with the oldest is the Carboniferous-Permian limestone. It is distribute in the middle of the study area. The Carboniferous-Permian limestone was covered by sedimentary rocks of sandstone, shale and conglomerate that deposited during Permian-Triassic time. In the Triassic, granitic rocks intruded in to the older rocks resulting in strong deformation as shown in the Carboniferous-Permian limestone and Permian-Triassic sediment with some parts changed to the metamorphic rocks such as marble and phyllite. During the Territory age, basins in Thailand were opened. The Mae Chan basin is open and there is a large amount of sediment deposited in the basin. The karst topography in the study area is developed in the limestone area. This large limestone mountain is oriented in the north-south direction which the limestone is continuously weathered and eroded by rain. The carvings of limestone mountains have a specific type of topography known as the “Karst topography”. In the Doi Nang Non mountain range has 8 types of karst topography are consisted of 1) cone karst 2) tower karst 3) doline and sinkhole 4) uvala 5) polje 6) karst lake 7) karst spring and 8) pinnacle. Each type of karst landscape reflects processes such as doline, uvala or polje caused by the erosion of limestone by underground water. The cone karst and tower karst casts are represent the structural of fault and fracture in limestone, which are part of the caves’ landscape. There are 15 caves are found in Doi Nang Non mountain range. Such as Tham Luang, Tham Sai Thong, Tham Plaeng, Fa Crater, and Tham Pha Yom, etc. These caves are formed from the erosion of the limestone mountain. The directional characteristics of these caves are governed by geological structural features, especially fault and fracture in limestone. The cave architecture such as stalagmites, stalagmites and columns are found as a result of the underground water flow through the caves. Keywords: Karst, Doi Nang Non, Chiang Rai 23 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Landslide Vulnerability and Risk Assessments Guideline for Critical Infrastructure: Lessons Learnt from Malaysia Experience Zakaria Mohamad1*, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abd Rahman2, Zamri Ramli3, Mohd Faisal Abdul Khanan2, Zainab Mohamed4, Rozlan Ahmad Zainuddin5, Rozaimi Che Hasan6, Mohd Asraff Asmadi2, Nurul A’dilah Sailey1, and Muhamad Farid Mohamed Dali1 1Geomapping Technology Sdn. Bhd., Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia 2Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 3Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG) Putrajaya, Malaysia 4Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia 5Ganding Asli Runding Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 6Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Landslide vulnerability is a crucial element that connects between hazard and risk for a specific element-at-risk. Currently, landslide vulnerability study in Malaysia is very limited and more attention was given on the susceptibility and hazard assessments. Ideally, vulnerability assessment should address various aspects of element-at-risk including physical, social, economic, and environmental. In 2018, a guideline for landslide vulnerability and risk assessment for critical infrastructure in Malaysia was developed for the Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM). The guideline aimed at developing a large-scale landslide vulnerability and risk assessment methods for local authorities as a basic information or supporting information for land-use plan, landslide mitigation purposes, and risk assessment for any development of the critical infrastructure (CI) i.e. road, dam, building and electricity pylon. The study started with intensive data collection in Cameron Highlands, using remotely sensed data and field visit for detailed landslide inventory and element-at-risk mapping. Due to the insufficient landslide damage records, the landslide vulnerability model was developed based on the qualitative indicator-based method (IBM). The indicators and the corresponding sub-indicators were divided into four clusters i.e. 1) the susceptibility of element- at-risk,C; 2) surrounding environment, E; 3) intensity of landslide hazard, I; and 4) affected community, P. Suitable indicators and sub-indicators were selected and proposed based on thorough literature review and series of focus group discussion (FGD) with agencies related to landslide hazard management in Malaysia. Furthermore, the FGD sessions were also focusing on assigning scores for each indicator and sub-indicator by the experts based on their relationship to the likelihood of landslide vulnerability. The final scores were carefully analyzed and converted to the final weight values. The landslide vulnerability map was generated by combining the individual vulnerability cluster maps i.e. C, E, I and P. The resulting landslide vulnerability index was classified into five classes namely, very high, high, medium, low, and very low vulnerability with a clear definition on the expected damages on the CI and the community. Meanwhile, the proposed landslide risk assessment was based on the qualitative risk-matrix approach. Based on this method, the landslide risk map was THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 24
generated by combining landslide hazard map with the landslide vulnerability map. Finally, the landslide risk map was validated based on the past event of landslide in Bukit Antarabangsa, Malaysia. The results showed that the proposed landslide vulnerability and risk assessments had produced vulnerability and risk maps that have a good agreement with landslide damages in Bukit Antarabangsa area. The proposed methodology however was strongly dependent on several elements including the quality of landslide hazard map, landslide inventory map and the experience of the experts. In addition, the study has successfully developed a simple non-geospatial tool to support on-site landslide vulnerability and risk assessment. Keywords: Landslide vulnerability, Geospatial, Landslide risk 25 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
LIBS-screening of Lead-Zinc mineralisations for their potential in critical elements – gaining new insights in the Belgian Mississippi Valley Type deposits and their relationship with karst. S. Verheyden1, Christian Burlet1, Jean-Marc Baele2, Severine Papier2, Eric Pirard3, Hassan Bouzahzah3, and Anca Croitor4 ([email protected]). 1Geological Survey of Belgium - OD Earth & History of life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences – RBINS, Belgium. 2Geology and Applied Geology - Faculty of Engineering, University of Mons, Belgium 3ArGEnCo, University of Liège, Belgium 4Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Leuven, KUL, Belgium E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Critical Raw Materials (CRM) are increasingly needed, and exploration of new areas is highly encouraged in the EU and beyond. LIBS-SCReeN is a 4-year research devoted to the optimization and application of Laser-induced break-down Spectroscopy (LIBS) techniques for screening of critical raw material (CRM) in primary and secondary ore deposits. We put emphasis on the Belgian Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc deposits that are known worldwide to potentially host a spectrum of associated minerals such as for example germanium, silver, copper, arsenic, gallium, indium, thallium and cadmium. These deposits are known to fill karstic voids, although the chronology and successive phases of karstification and mineral deposition are only poorly known. Preliminary LIBS and EDS measurements were performed on banded sphalerite and galena mineralisations from the Schmalgraf mine, a historic mine pit in Belgium, located approximately 30 km south-east of Liège. Both techniques clearly differentiate the bands of sphalerite and galena through their respectively high zinc and lead content in 2D composition maps. Moreover, LIBS was able to detect, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sb, As, Tl, Ge, Ni and Ba. These preliminary results are part of the wider aim of rapid screening of a high number of samples and enables us to better visualize the interactions between the mineral deposits and their karstified hostrock. Finally, some historical lead-zinc mines are located in the first UNESCO Global Geopark of Belgium and offer an efficient large-public information channel concerning raw material exploration and its societal issues. Keywords: Lead-zinc mineralization, Critical Raw Materials, LIBS THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 26
Malaysia’s Groundwater Issues and Challenges and the Way Forward Alvyn Clancey Mickey* and Datuk Shahar Effendi bin Abdullah Azizi 1Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract In Malaysia, groundwater industry remains dormant within the water sector especially in water resource management and received less consideration on project development; for water security and economic growth. Malaysia has 5 trillion m3 of groundwater reserve nationwide but only utilised less than 3% of the present water usage (domestic). The main issue on groundwater resources management and development in Malaysia is the lack of understanding inprinciples, ineffective policies and development plan strategies across the board which lead to fragmented administration and poor coordination. This main issue can be further discussed in the following topics namely; (i) Enabling Constraint, (ii) Fragmented Tools and (iii) Fund Limitation. Apart from the issues and challenges mentioned, groundwater sector/industry experience 2 major inherent problems, namely; public/stakeholder perception and human capital development. In pursuant to the water sector transformation for 12th Malaysia Plan, JMG has outlined 3 new administrative initiatives to recognise groundwater as sustainable strategic commodity through mainstreaming groundwater usage into the water sector. The new administrative initiatives will focus on the followings: (i) Smart Partnership, (ii) Enabling Instrument and (iii) Management Tools. Keyword: Groundwater 27 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Metallogeny and metallogenic map of the southernmost part of Thailand: A Preliminary Synthesis Punya Charusiri1,2, Kritanol Naewboonnien1, San Assawapatchara1, Supawit Yawsangratt1, Wanida. Ra – Nguppit1, and Naramase Teerarungsigul1 1Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok 10400 Thailand 2Morphology of Earth Surfaces and Advanced Geohazard (MESA) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Over the last 20 years metallogenic map of Thailand has been widely used based upon a compilation of geological data and explication of geotectonic units. Nowadays due to an increase of geological and mineral deposit data as well as the advance in geotectonic and metallogenic contexts, it is essential that Thailand inevitably needs a new metallogenic map which is clearly different from that of the previous map and can be developed using GIS format. This study is a pilot research project which aims to collect mineral deposit and geologic data and to construct the new metallogenic map of the southernmost part of Thailand using GIS format. This region has not much delineated in the previous map. In this investigation, several kinds of airborne geophysical and remote-sensing data along with more updated mineral deposit data as well as petrochemical and geochronological data, have been used to construct the metallogenic map. As a result, the new map illustrates a new suture zone - herein called “Pattani Suture”, which is the north-south trending tectonic zone separating the western block or the Shan - Thai (Sibumasu) terrane and the eastern block or the Indochina terrane. Our result on geotectonic/structural interpretation together with detailed petrochemical and geochronological syntheses reveal that the Pattani Suture, which is located mainly along the Pattani and Sai Buri Rivers, represents the northern extension of the well-accepted Bentong – Raub Suture in peninsular Malaysia. The latter is a segment of the paleo-Tethys ocean plate and represents the main boundary between the Gondwana-derived Sibumasu and Indochina terranes. Our study reveal that the felsic plutons of the western block are mainly Late Triassic – Early Jurassic (ca. 220 - 200 Ma), S-type granitoids and belong the Shan-Thai terrane whereas those of the eastern block are largely the Permo- Triassic (av. 250 Ma), I – type granitoids and are situated within the Indochina terrane. Such tectono-magmatic scenario is quite like that of the peninsular Malaysia. Our results on enhanced airborne gravity, magnetic and radiometric data interpretation can help to constrain the boundary of the Pattani Suture which is an anomalous zone with the width of about 8 to 12 km in the east – west direction. Our new metallogenic map also depicts that the lithophilemetallogenic belt, such as tin – tungsten – REE deposits, has been temporally and spatially associated with the S-type granitoids of the Shan -Thai terrane. On the contrary, the chalcophilemetallogenic belt, such as copper, iron, and manganese deposits, together with kaolinite deposits are associated with the I-type granitoids of the Indochina terrane. Moreover, within the Pattani Suture siderophile belt, such as chromite deposits as well as manganese and gold deposits, have been taken place. At present we conclude that the metallogenic epochs are slightly younger that the emplacement ages of magmatism. However, several U-Pb and THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 28
40Ar/39Arage dating data in this region are urgently required to construct the metallogenic map as well as the tectonic map of the country more clearly. Keywords: Metallogenic map, Airborne geophysical data, Chromite, Tin -tungsten, REE, southern Thailand 29 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Mineral exploration using unmanned aerial vehicles: case studies in Korea Bona Kim, Seong-Jun Cho, Eun Seok Bang, and Seungwook Shin Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Due to theinfluence ofcovid-19 pandemic, the world is rapidly changing towards a contactless world, which has become a catalyst for the rapid development of the fourth industrial revolution. In a rapidly changing situation, securing adequate mineral resources is an important issue for the successful development of a new era of industrial revolution. However, the minerals that are easily found and accessible are almost depleted. Therefore, there is a need for new methods of exploration that can be applied in harsh environments, and have high resolution and effectiveness. Aeromagnetic exploration has been used in mineral exploration. However, conventional manned aeromagnetic exploration methods have many limitations such as exploration efficiency, safety issues, landing permit, etc. As a result, aeromagnetic exploration techniques using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are in the spotlight as a way to supplement the limitations of existing manned aerial exploration.In particular, with the continuous and rapid growth of UAVs technology in the last 10 years, exploration technology using UAVs is also rapidly developing. Among these, the aeromagnetic exploration method using UAVs is rapidly finding its place in the market related to mineral exploration and other applications. KIGAM has been conducting researches on exploration system using UAVs and has applied developed system to the field for 10 years. In this presentation, we will introduce our developed automatic aeromagnetic exploration systems using UAVs. We will show examples of the application of systems developed for mineral exploration in Korea. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), aeromagnetic exploration, mineral exploration. THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 30
Mitigation of Carbide Lime Waste and CO2 Gas Emission from Acetylene Gas Industry: Feasible Technique of High-Grade PCC Production Emee Marina Salleh1*, Rohaya Othman1, Siti Noorzidah Sabri1, Zawawi Mahim1 1Mineral Research Centre, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The global acetylene gas market is currently witnessing a stable growth. Owing to its high flame- temperature properties, acetylene gas is extensively applied for numerous metalworking applications including oxy-acetylene cutting, heat treating, soldering, brazing and welding. Acetylene gas is a colourless combustible gas that is produced through the combination of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water. However, the gas manufacturing results in a production of carbide lime as a by-product that is classified as a scheduled waste in Malaysia under Environmental Quality Act: EQA 1974 (SW 427). In addition to the abundant carbide lime waste, the acetylene manufacturing also causes an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission that trap heat in the atmosphere. This phenomenon has become a crucial environmental concern as the rise of CO2 gas emission leads to global warming.In mitigating the accumulative wastes, this current work was performed by revolutionising the carbide lime waste that is rich in calcium 2- hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) of 25 to 30% and CO2 gas waste as a main precursor of carbonate (CO3 ) ions in producing high-grade precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The high-grade PCC was produced using the aforesaid industrial wastes as primary starting materials via feasible carbonation techniques i.e. spraying and batching techniques. In increasing the PCC yield, the production of PCC was initiated via forming an ionic solution by extracting Ca2+ ions from carbide lime waste using a promoter agent. The current outcome signified that ~20 g of high- grade PCC with purity of 98% was produced for every 1 litre of ionic solution. Interestingly, miscellaneous functional morphologies namely rhombohedral, scalenohedral and hollow- spherical PCC were formed, attributable to various processing parameters. Effectively, the PCC production was completed within less than 10 minutes per litre of ionic solution which significantly offered a fast-rate process.In short, the conducted feasible carbonation techniques provided high potential in converting the harmful industrial wastes to profitable products. Via this technique, the production of high-grade PCC as a main product with zero waste, not only reduces the waste management cost but also increases the industrial profits. Remarkably, the recycling of abundant carbide lime waste and CO2 gas usage in producing high-grade-high-profit PCC results in ZERO WASTE production, thus may help in preserving the environmental sustainability. 31 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Multi-scaled high-resolution seismic approaches to identify the geohazard in the coastal area Young-Jun Kim Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract As human activity expands to the coastal area through recent technological advances, marine public engineering construction and structures such as offshore wind farms, large-scale bridges, and submarine tunnels are increasing. However, a variety of potential geohazard can be triggered by the submarine sliding, active faults, and shallow gas in the coastal areas. To identify and detect more detail for the indirect evidence of geohazard, we have to obtain the geophysical datasets from various combinations of data acquisition systems operating in different frequency ranges. Here, we introduce two case studies of the investigation of a fault and the shallow gas performed in Korea. In the first case, we performed the high-resolution seismic survey using Chirp, mini GI gun, and 8-channel streamercomplemented by a multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) data. The high-resolution seismic datasets provided the subsurface images of the fault extending from the lower sediment layers to the seafloor. We were able to confirm the fault orientation and its relief on the seafloor by the MBES data. In the second case, we obtained the Chirp data with two frequency bands (1.5-8 kHz and 8-23 kHz) and the high-resolution seismic dataset by sparker and single-channel streamer to document the distribution of shallow gas near the Ulsan port in Korea Strait Shelf Mud (KSSM). Two Chirp datasets clearly show acoustic blanking zones related to shallow gas and the gas chimneys linked to the vertical gas migration. On the high-resolution seismic image with a frequency band of 200 to1200 Hz, the acoustic basement under the acoustic blanking, which was not visible in the Chirp sections, has appeared. We could confirm the relationship between the distribution patterns of shallow gas and the acoustic basement. Keywords: multi-scaled seismic, high-resolution, geohazard, fault, shallow gas THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 32
Overview of Basement rocks in Central of Thailand Sitthinon Kultaksayos, Chonnipha Faksiangsa and San Assavapatchara Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand Email: [email protected]
Abstract The Precambrian study in central Thailand covers area in Tak, Kampangphet and Kanchanaburi Province. Overviewing of Precambrian sequence in this area is comprised of orthogneiss, paragneiss, schist, calc-silicate and marble. Tak – Mae Sot highway in Tak province shows a sequence of Lansang gneiss complex with fine-grained melonitic gneiss intercalated with augen gneiss with pegmatitic vein cross-cutting. Gneisses are overlain by quartzofeldspatic gneiss, calc-silicate, quartzite and quart-mica schist. Bhumibol Dam area contains with calc-silicate rock with mineral assemblage is calcite-quartz-zoisite-epidote-diopside-amphibole, its underlain quartz-mica schist. Kampangphet province covers east part of KhaoYai and Khao Wangchao. The study area covers from Klong Klung to Klong Nam Rai. This area contains with coarse- grained orthogneiss underlain augenparagneiss and marble-calcsilicate rocks. Thin-bedded quartz-mica schist overlies on this section. Kanchanaburi province has Precambrain rock unit at Ban Thabsila. The Ban Thabsila comprises of gneiss underlain by mylonite intercalated with marble-calcsilicate rocks. Quartz-mica schist and Ordovician limestone overly on it. X-Ray Fluorescence of 36 samples from this study shows gneisses and schists in Tak and Kampangphet provinces are pelitic rock group. This can be explained that they have similar composition with fine-graine sized siliciclatic rocks with high quartz content and clay minerals but less carbonate such as shale, claystone and mudstone. This group may be metamorphosed in range of Green schist to Granulite facies. The result of FeO%-MgO%-Na2O+K2O% shows that they were grouped in calc-alkaline composition. Conversely, Thabsila gneiss unit is grouped in quartz ofeldspathic rocks group. This group has similar composition with coarser grained sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, greywacke or pyroclastic rock, in addition, felsic igneous rocks such as granite or other volcanic rocks. Also, the FeO%-MgO%-Na2O+K2O% result of Thabsila gneiss is grouped in tholeiitic with higher FeO%. Studying Precambrian unit in Thailand especially need more absolute age of metamorphic rocks to confirm true age because it has no evidence. Meanwhile, relationship between Precambrian unit and Lower Paleozoic rock are still uncertain. The relative age of this unit is difficult to insist. The confirming of absolute age of Precambrian rock will develop geological data in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Keywords: Metamorphic rock, Precambrain, Tak, Kampangphet, Kanchanaburi 33 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Possible Origin of Graphite Deposit in Mogok Metamorphic Belt, Singu-Thabeikkyin Area, Northern Part of Mandalay, Myanmar Han Naing Zaw*, Thet Tin Nyunt, Ahtar Hlaing, Aung Kyaw Moe, Mg Mg Naing, Soe Myint, Han Lin Moe, and Tun Yu Hlaing 1Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The Mogok Metamorphic Belt extends for over 1500 km along the western margin of the Shan- Thai block, from the Andaman Sea north to the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The Madaya- Singu-Thabeikkyin area, about 100 km north of Mandalay, is situated within the MogokMetamorphic belt, within the western part of the Sibumasu Block and comprising presumably the Paleozoic equivalent metamorphic rocks and accompanying massive igneous emplacement, which had been very highly deformed by severe tectonism and magmatism.The deposits of graphite in Mogok Metamorphic Belt are found in Singu-Thabeikkyin areas and these areas are trending in north-south direction. The style of the graphite mineralization is irregular vein, lenses and pocket type. In Singu area, graphite occurs obviously in contact of calc-sili- cate rocks and marble as small plates, thin flakes and amorphous commonly pockets or lenses. According to drill holes result, graphite bearing zone is irregular, vein like and the deposit of graphite may be pocket or lenses type. In Thabeikkyin area, graphite found as irregular vein, flakes and lenses type also occur as veins or fracture-fillings along intrusive contact of pegmatite with host marble and calc-silicate rocks. Based on the recent geological investigation, the origin of the graphite mineralization may probably be two main genetic models that are both metamorphic and hydrothermal depositand further regional prospecting will contribute the similar style mineralization in Mogok Metamorphic Belt. Keywords: Mogok Metamorphic Belt, Singu, Thabeikkyin, irregular vein type, metamorphic and hydrothermal deposit. THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 34
Properties and Behavior of Silica Rock from East Coast Malaysia Region in Crystal Glass Application Syarifah Aminah Ismail*, Mohamad Haniza Mahmud, MohdIdham Mustaffar Mineral Research Centre, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Crystal glass is defined as colorless and translucent glass, which is generally applied as tableware utensils and art products, in compliance to the ASTM C162-56 standard method.
Traditionally, crystal glass is made from silica sand with SiO2 purity of no less than 99.5 %. In this research, local silica rock from the east coast region of Malaysia was utilized to produce crystal glass. Previous studies show that the quality of raw silica rock was decent but still inadequate to comply with the minimum requirement for crystal glass making. The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of silica rock by using a physico-chemical method, which comprises of simultaneously attrition scrubbing technique and acid treatment. In this process, citric acid concentrations were less than 1 %, while scrubbing time and speed of agitation were set constant at 20 minutes and 1250 rpm, respectively. The result shows that citric acid was found effective in improving the purity of SiO2, where 99.8 % purity was successfully achieved at 0.75 % acid concentration. The XRD analysis has revealed that the silica rock samples with trigonal crystals of SiO2 were observed. By using our own crystal glass formulation, the crystal glass with density of ≥ 2.40 g/cm3, Vickers hardness of 550 ± 20 kg.f/cm2 and refractive index of ≥ 1.5 was successfully produced, which comply with the standard requirement of BS 3828:1973. Keywords: Silica Rock, Glass Application, Physical separation 35 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Publication of Revised Magnetic Anomaly Map of East and Southeast Asia Takemi Ishihara and Toshihiro Uchida Geological Survey of Japan, AIST E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract As a product of the CCOP-GSJ MAMEA project “Compilation and Publication of a Revised Magnetic Anomaly Map of East Asia at 1:4,000,000,” which was endorsed at the 67th CCOP Steering Committee Meeting in Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2016, we have made “Magnetic Map of East and Southeast Asia, Revised version (3rd Edition).” The map compilation, particularly, preparation of new data, were carried out in close cooperation of the Contact Persons from the CCOP Member Countries. In this compilation, in addition to the old data sets available from the 2002 CD-ROM, the following data are utilized: analog data (contour maps) in Cambodia, grid data in Myanmar, new detailed data in Peninsula Malaysia, aeromagnetic data covering most of the Philippine Islands, various kinds of grid data sets of Papua New Guinea (PNG) including a Project Magnet data set of Bismarck Sea, helicopter-borne data of Korean land area and ship-borne data of its offshore areas, a newly created airborne grid data on land of Thailand and Japan, raw ground reconnaissance survey data in the main island of Taiwan, and marine data set collected by more than 800 cruises of research vessels of various institutions. After digitization of analog data and leveling of each data set, all the data sets were merged to create a magnetic anomaly map for a vast area in East and Southeast Asia, extending from longitude 93˚E to 160˚E and from latitude 12˚S to 46˚N. This product includes a jpeg image file of the magnetic anomaly map of the whole area and three additional image files of more detailed anomaly maps of Thailand-Malaysia, Philippine, and PNG areas. The product also includes grid data files which were used in making the image files: one file with 2’ x 2’ grid size for the whole area, and three files with 1’ x 1’ grid size for the detailed areas. The magnetic anomaly data of land areas are converted by mathematical continuation to those with an altitude of 1,500 m above ground for the whole area map, while to 300 m (or 1,000 m) above ground for the detailed maps. Keywords: East and Southeast Asia, magnetic anomaly, aeromagnetic data, marine magnetic data, compilation THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 36
Rare Earth Elements Potential in Selected Areas along the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia Jasmi Hafiz Abdul Aziz1, Siti Nadzirah Nazri1, Azman Abdul Ghani1, Zakaria Endut2, Lee Chung Han3, and Chong Khai Yuen4 1Geology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, 14300 NibongTebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3SMGB Group Sdn. Bhd., 34, Jalan Taman Pantai, Bukit Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4CNMC Goldmine Holdings Limited, #04 - 01 The Actuary, 745 Toa PayohLorong 5, 10 319455 Singapore *Email : [email protected]
Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs) such as Lanthanum, Cerium, Neodymium and Europium are very valuable and have high demands for advanced technology nowadays. REEs can be classified into light rare earth elements (LREEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Studies on the rare earth elements in Malaysia has not been extensive enough fundamentally. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the potential of rare earth elements along the Central Belt. Three areas have been selected along the Central belt located at Pergau, Benta and Kuala Krai. The soil and host rock samples are collected for detail geochemistry analysis. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used in the digestion process before running it using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the rare earth elements in soil is being fractionated from the intrusive igneous related host rock (granite and syenite) as it portrays a significant increase. The LREE are also found to be relatively higher than the HREE due to the presence of clay minerals such as kaolinite due to the adsorption characteristics. The LREE/HREE for Pergau, Benta and Kuala Krai are between 30.30-60.04, 6.52-37.11 and 14.49- 15.95 respectively. La and Ce (REEs bearing monazite and xenotime) dominates significantly in the high LREE concentration. The total REE concentration is high in Pergau and Benta as the concentrations ranges approximately between 412-581ppm and 536-799 ppm respectively. Hence, the potential of REE along the Central belt is very encouraging. However, detail study on the mining aspect such as its economic value and viability needs to be taken into consideration as well. Keywords: REE, LREE, HREE, soil, Central Belt, fractionation 37 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Research on Ground Source Heat Pump Application in Southeast Asia under the CCOP-GSJ Groundwater Sub-Project Arif Widiatmojo* and Youhei Uchida Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Southeast Asian countries are experiencing rapid economic growth in recent decades. This rapid economic growth is followed by the increasing energy demand per-capita. Researches show that the demand of new air conditioners in the region increases in average of 6.1% annually. In addition, space cooling is responsible to 10% of peak electricity demand. By 2015, 83.4% of electricity in the region was generated from fossil fuels, the major source of greenhouse gas. Other environmental impact from the excessive use of air conditioners is the increasing threat of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in major Southeast Asian cities. To account for the increasing demand of space cooling and minimizing the environmental impacts, future space cooling technologies must provide higher efficiency and reduce the UHI. The Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system could be an alternative to solve abovementioned problems. This system has been widely applied in four season countries to have a better cooling and heating performance compared to others. However, the application of GSHP technology in tropical region faces several problems in both technical and economic point of views. Under the CCOP-GSJ Groundwater sub-project, in total of four GSHP systems have been installed in Thailand and Vietnam. The systems are used as used to gather the information on how GSHP performs under the tropical climate and to introduce the GSHP technology to the local communities. This paper focuses on the results and the analysis of the performance data, gathered form all four systems as well as future applicability of GSHP in the region. Keywords: Ground source heat pump, Southeast Asia, Groundwater THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 38
Seismic hazard and risk reduction initiative in low – moderate seismicity area in Malaysia Frederick Francis Tating1*, Bailon Golutin1, Ferdaus Ahmad2, Zamri Ramli3 1Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 2Technical Services Division, Department of Minerals and Geoscience Malaysia, Ipoh, Perak 3Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Headquarters, Putrajaya *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Malaysia is considered a low to moderate seismically active region as it is located within the relatively stable Sundaland. That is with the exception of some parts of Sabah, which can be considered as seismically active and has experienced moderate to strong earth tremors. The rest of the country has experienced up to moderate earth tremor. Earthquake events in the East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) are related to active fault movements. Whilst, most earthquakes in Peninsular Malaysia may related to re-adjustment of the earth crust due to compression and shearing of converging NNE Indian-Australian Plate towards Eurasian Plate. This re-adjustment may result in movements along existing active faults and re-activation of non-active faults, that lead to earth tremors. Based on earthquake records obtained from various sources, there are about 665 earthquakes have been recorded from 1923 to August 2020 throughout the country. From the total, four strong earthquakes range from 6.0 to 6.3 have been recorded in LahadDatu, Kudat and Ranau in Sabah. Prior to the 5th June 2015 strong Ranau earthquake event (magnitude 6), there were no significant effects and casualties from previous strong earth tremors. Therefore, earthquake hazard was considered as non-significant and have not been incorporated into any government policy and regulations on disaster management and infrastructures planning development. The 5th June 2015 Ranau earthquake, that resulted in 18 casualties of Mt. Kinabaluclimbers, massive landslides around Mt. Kinabalu area in Ranau, Sabah and the consequence geological hazard, has awaken the government on the significant impact and consequences of the disaster, which eventually lead to the formulation of regulations and policy on seismic hazard and risk reduction. Seismic hazard can be defined as the probability of occurrence at a given place and within a given time period of ground motion due to earthquake of a particular magnitude that is capable of causing significant damage. This paper presents the Malaysian government initiatives in reducing seismic hazards and risk, through formulation of regulation and policy and also utilization of some geological and tectonic information. Keywords: Malaysia, Earthquake, Tremor, Seismic, Hazard, Risk 39 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Slope Hazard and Risk Mapping Project (PBRC) – An Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative Ferdaus Ahmad1, Zamri Ramli2, Frederick F. Tating3, Qalam A’zad Rosle4, Wan Salmi Wan Harun5, Mohammed Syahrizal Zakaria6 and Mohd Farid Abd. Kadir1 1Technical Services Division, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Ipoh, Perak 2Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia Headquarters, Federal Territory of Putrajaya 3Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 4Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor 5Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, AlorSetar, Kedah 6Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
Abstract Extreme climate, rapid urbanisation, and environmental degradation substantially increase exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards and disaster risk in a developing tropical country. Therefore, it is crucial to address the issues and possible solutions related to the natural hazards in an objective and quantitative manner. The Slope Hazard and Risk Mapping Project (Projek Penghasilan Peta Bahayadan Risiko Cerun, PBRC) is the first Malaysia initiative that tackles the issues of area-based landslide hazard and risk with the use of multi-sensory Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, supported by many expertise and disciplinary partners. This project is one of the action plans formulated under the National Slope Master Plan (NSMP) 2009-2023 to reduce risk and build the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. It involves comprehensive methodology framework and operational needs, driven by modern and advanced geospatial technology. The model has been formulated and evaluated with the complexity of risk scenarios in this knowledge driven project. Slope instability problems in the urban, mountainous, and tectonic landscapes are considered, and their spatial information is crucial for regional landslide assessment. This project established standard procedures with optimal parameterisation for susceptibility, hazard, and risk assessment in the selected regions. It also put forth the critical and practical framework, ranging from updating landslide inventory to mitigating landslide risk as an attempt to support the establishment of a comprehensive disaster risk management in Malaysia. The PBRC project is a great example of producing hazard and risk maps that follow international standards and meet the needs of multi- sectoral agencies. It is a practical and evidence-based guidance to support implementation, ensure engagement by stakeholders, and strengthen accountability in disaster risk reduction. The developed methods can be used to assess tropical landslide geomorphology in an objective, reproducible, and quantitative manner. Keywords: disaster risk reduction, slope hazard and risk mapping, LiDAR THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 40
Stepping up Promotion of Malaysian Geosites through Digital Platform in the New Normal Muhammad Mustadza Mazni1*, Norbert Simon2, Anuar Ishak1, Abd Rahim Harun1, Zamri Ramli1, Dana Badang3 and Che Aziz Ali2 1Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Head Quarters 2Geology Program, Department of Earth Science and Environment, UniversitiKebangsaan 3Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Sarawak Malaysia *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Un-deterred by the slowing down of activities in Malaysia and globally due to the current pandemic, the Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia has stepped up effort to promote geology to the society in Malaysia. This effort is reflected in creating a smartphone application known as ‘MYGeotapak’ or in English, ‘Malaysian Geosites’ which will be in its second version soon. The first version was successfully launched in early March 2020 in collaboration with the Malaysian Geoheritage Group and academics from local universities. Both versions were produced from existing information on geosites in Malaysia. The first version was viewed 198 times in YouTube, 237 downloads for the apps, 220 downloads for the manual and the sites containing this material were viewed more than 1,021 viewers. This 1st version however, is not available in Apple store and Google Play store. Continuous effort by JMG to promote Malaysian geosites resulted in the 2nd version of the application that contains hundreds of potential geosites and geological sites around Malaysia with interactive tools, an improvement from its predecessor. This latest application, which is currently in its prototype phase is created according to the ISO MS1759 (geology) standard. This application is designed for the laymen and is user friendly. This application is part of JMG’s effort to create awareness among the public on the importance and wonders of geological heritage around them and also to temporarily replace road shows that were often carried out around the country before the pandemic. Other efforts for conservation and promotion of geosites in Malaysia are currently being planned, and will definitely be utilising the digital platform. Keywords: Geosite, digital platform. 41 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Area between the Ban Phu Plu to Ban Khao Sam Chan, SaiYok District, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand Kantanat Trakunweerayut1, Prinya Putthapiban1, Katsuo Sashida1, Paiphan Paejaroen2, and Remizova Svetlana3 1Geoscience, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Thailand 2Conservation Biology, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Thailand 3Herzen State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Geography, Geology, Geoecology Department, St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The research study on the Permian-Triassic carbonate rock sequence, between the Ban Phu Plu to Ban Khao Sam Chan, SaiYok District, Kanchanaburi Province was carried out in 2019. The succession, Sai Yok Formation is approximately 1,990 meters thick where three chronological conformable carbonate rock members were recognized. From the oldest to the youngest are as follows: a) Ban PhuPlu member (BPP), the thin to massive bedded limestone (grainstone- packestone) containing chert nodules and thin lenses with minor amount of dolomitic limestone. High numbers of fusulinesin in genera Pseudofusulina, Eoparafusulina, and Eopolydiexodina, which suggest the age of Early to Middle Permian (Kubergandian-Midian) were observed., b) ThamSuae Dao Member (TSD), the thick-to thin-bedded limestone (mudstone-wackestone) with the foraminiferan in genera Rectostipulina, and Hemigordiopsis, which represent the age of Middle to Late Permian (Midian-Dzhulfian) and c) Khao Sam Chan Member (KSC), the thin- to thick-bedded dolomitic limestone and dolomite with the foraminiferan in genera Pilammina and Meandrospira which suggest the age of Early to Middle Triassic (Induan Anisian). Our findings are crucial for a better understanding of the depositional environment during the Permian to Triassic of the Shan-Thai (Sibumasu) block. Keywords: Permian-Triassic succession, carbonate rocks, foraminifera, Western Thailand, Shan- Thai (Sibumasu) Terrane THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 42
Syncline structure and the occurrence of the Permian – Triassic – Jurassic Carbonate rocks of Kanchanaburi, Western Thailand Prinya Putthapiban1, Katsuo Sashida1, Svetlana Remizova2, Lin Chao3, Kantanat Trakunweerayut1, Dmitry N. Remizov4, Narongsak Kaewdum1, Piyatida Saengthong1, and Sirot Salyapongse1 1Division of Geoscience, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand, [email protected][email protected] 2Herzen State Pedagogical University, St Petersburg, RUSSIA, [email protected] 3Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China, [email protected] 4All-Russian Geological Institute (VSEGEI), StPetersburg, RUSSIA, [email protected]
Abstract Marine carbonates with subordinate clastic facies of Permian, Triassic and Jurassic ages occur in wide spread areas in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. However, many of young Mesozoic carbonate sequences were misdiagnosed previously that they belonged to the Sai Yok Formation of Permian Ratburi Group. Our recent investigation yield results derived from field observations, stratigraphy and chronological evidences suggesting that: (1) The conformable relationships were observed among the Permian rock succession in ascending order as follows; the lower Permian of clastic rocks and medium to thick bedded, gray - dark gray limestone, the middle Permian, thick bedded to massive gray limestone with abundant chert nodules andelongate bands and the Upper Permian of thick beds to massive light gray relatively pure limestone. (2) The Permian carbonate sequences were in-turn un-conformably overlain by the thick dolomite and dolomitic limestone of Triassic age and (3) The stratigraphic relation between the Triassic and Jurassic carbonate is obscured. Observations on the distribution of these carbonate rock formations and the occurrences of fossil assemblages and/or index fossils indicate a big plunging syncline structure with a fold axis in the NW-SE direction and very gentle plunging angle toward Thong Pha Phum District in the NW direction. The Lower Permian rocks were found at the crest and outer flanks of the fold near Ban Kao Subdistrict in the southeastern part of the study area. Whereas, the Middle and Upper Permian rock sequences were observed at Ban PhuPlu and Wat Tham Sue Dao respectively within the centerand the Triassic and Jurassic carbonate sequences further to northwestern parts of the study area. Keywords: syncline structure, Kanchanaburi, marine carbonate, chronological evidences, Permian, Mesozoic 43 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Tectonic setting of meta-tuffs in the mapped Silurian-Devonian unit, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand Suwijai Jatupohnkhongchai1, Burapha Phajuy1* and Sirot Salyapongse2 1Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2Geoscience Program, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Meta-tuffs are mapped as a Silurian-Devonian unit in the Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand, which belongs to the Inthanon Zone. These meta-tuffs were discovered and described for the first time in 1977 and mentioned in the 1:250,000 Suphanburi geologic map sheet (ND47-7) and report. The detailed petrography and geochemistry of these rocks are still unclear and insufficiency. Therefore, we report petrographic and geochemical data of these rocks. Petrographically, the meta-tuffs can be described as a meta-quartz crystal tuff, meta- quartz-K-feldspar crystal tuff, and meta-lithic tuff. They are made up mainly of very fine- to coarse-grainedvolcanic particles (pyroclasts) and perhaps mix with non-volcanic particles (epiclasts) embedded in a highly altered devitrified fine-ash matrix. The pyroclastsconsist of volcanic rocks, rounded and embayed quartz, and potassium feldspar, while epiclasts consist of granite and metasedimentary rocks.
The whole-rock composition shows enrichments in SiO2 and K2O and a strong depletion in
CaO and Na2O whichthese compositions are related to alteration and low-grade metamorphism. Based on immobile element classification plot, the meta-tuffs can be classified as trachyandesite, dacite, and rhyolite. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns display light REE enrichment with nearly flat heavy REE and a negative Eu anomaly, typical for calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. Moreover, these meta-tuffs obviously show the negative Nb-Ta anomalies in their primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams, which indicate magmatic arc signature. The patterns of both REE and spider diagram are consensus with the granite discrimination diagrams, which confirm that these meta-tuffs were formed in an island arc environment. Keywords: Meta-tuffs, Silurian-Devonian unit, Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, Island arc environment THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 44
Th, REE, Y and Sc Potential from Placer Deposits: A Reconnaissance Study of Monazite and Xenotime from Jerai Pluton, Kedah, Malaysia F.A. Fauzi1*, A.A. Jamil2, A.H. Abdul Rahman3, M. Sibon3, M.S. Hasan4, M.F. Zahri5, H. Ariffin1, and A. Sulaiman1 1Department of Mineral and Geoscience Kedah / Perlis / Pulau Pinang, AlorSetar, Malaysia 2Department of Mineral and Geoscience Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 3Department of Mineral and Geoscience Selangor / W.P., Shah Alam, Malaysia 4Department of Mineral and Geoscience Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia 5Technical Service Division, Department of Mineral and Geoscience, Ipoh, Malaysia *E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Thorium (Th), rare earth elements (REE), yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc) are among crucial elements in minerals that have a very high worldwide demand for green energy generation and high technology manufacturing industries. A reconnaissance study on monazite and xenotime minerals is commenced in southern Jerai Peak area consisting pegmatitic granite bedrocks and alluvial plains. Heavy mineral concentrate samples are obtained from various origins including gravelly layer from stream banks, flowing stream beds and seasonal stream beds for recent fluvial environment. Samples are also taken from weathered bedrocks of pegmatites and granites and different subsurface profiles from 12 pits excavated on alluvial plain area. Monazite and xenotime contents from stream bed samples are higher (8.43% and 6.05%) compared to other origins in recent fluvial environment and higher in weathered pegmatites (13.70% and 1.45%) compared to weathered granite. The monazite and xenotime content are also higher in western part or alluvial plain, up to 3.16% and 2.91% respectively, but lower than samples from recent fluvial environment. The Th, REE and Y contents are very high up to 1,530 ppm, 21,031.28 ppm and 7,604 ppm respectively in samples containing monazite and / or xenotime. The Sc content, however, is very low which is up to 87.8 ppm in all samples although it shows positive correlation with monazite and / or xenotime contents. Keywords: REE, placer deposit 45 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
The new normal for geoscience in a post-COVID world: Connecting informed people with Earth Steve Hill, Jane Thorne, Rachel Przeslawski, Rebecca Mouthaan and Chris Lewis Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The importance of trusted, high-quality and relevant science to inform and advise governments and our communities is greater now than it ever has been. This is particularly the case for geoscience and its role to drive people’s connection to the Earth as the place where we live and obtain the resources we use to live our lives. Our community’s recognition of the value of geoscience, ensures the future viability and evolution of geoscience and its ability to contribute to informed impact in our region and its nations. Here we consider some of the societal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the key roles that geoscience plays, in particular how our society can use data, information and knowledge of the Earth to better connect us with the Earth-system and therefore best respond to the impacts of the pandemic. Ultimately, informed decisions utilizing the best geoscience data and information provides a key part of our economic, environmental and cultural recovery from the pandemic. The connection to country that comes from personal experience has been especially challenged in 2020. Much of Australia’s population have been encouraged to stay in our homes, first because of major fires (the scale and intensity that we have not recorded before) and more recently in response to isolation from the Covid-19 pandemic. This has increased the importance of trusted data and information from across our nation. We discuss ways that geoscience governs our discovery and use of minerals, energy and groundwater resources, as well as builds resilience and adaptation to environmental and cultural change. The broad definition of geoscience here also includes positioning and location data and information, such as through integrated digital mapping, satellite data and real-time precise positioning. Important here is sharing, with two-way exchange of data, information and knowledge about the Earth, through outreach in geoscience education programs andinteractions with communities across Australia. An aspiration here is for geoscience to inform social licence through evidence-based decisions, such as for land and marine access, for a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment. At Geoscience Australia, we have developed a ten year strategic plan (Strategy 2028) that guides us to be a trusted source of information on Australia’s geology and geography for government, industry and community decision making. This will contribute to a safer, more prosperous and well-informed Australia. Keywords: geoscience, resources, environment, mapping, education, outreach, community THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 46
The potash exploration in the Na Chuack area, MahaSarakham province (Thailand) Nuchit Siritongkham and Wipavee Wiboon-atthapol Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The Potash deposit in Na Chuack area is located in MahaSarakham province, northeastern part of Thailand. This Middle to Late-Cretaceous potassium salts deposit has a high potential for commercial development. Based upondrilled cores of 6 pre-existing boreholes data in this area with the maximum depth of about 600 meters, there are 3 rock formations consisting of (1) Na Chuck Formationwhich is unconsolidated Quaternary sedimentscomposed of white and light gray carbonate and sand-size silica (2) Phu Tok Formation which is composed of reddish- brown siltyclaystones and sandstones, and (3) Maha Sarakham Formation which comprise sevaporite strata, including rock salt and potash, intercalating with fine-grained sediment strata. In 2019, the Royal Thai Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) conducted a follow-up exploration program covering an area of 28 km2. According to seismic surveys interpretation, the thickness of Maha Sarakham Formation is about 40-100 m.and the underlying basement unit, called Khok Kruat Formation, existsat depth from 600-1000 m.beneath surface. Three additional boreholes (K-206, K-207 and, K-208)were drilledfor resource estimation. Approximately, 5 million metric tons of sylvite (1-46.58%K; 4.85-29.63%Na; <3.25%Mg, <1%Ca, and 7-75 ppmof Li) is calculated. The area will be further surveyed for future exploitation in order to supportthe nation’s domestic demand of potash for the agricultural purpose. In addition, support the country’s strategy to become a world kitchen. Keywords: Potash deposit, sylvite, rock salt, MahaSarakham, Thailand 47 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
The Potential Green Environmental Applications of Leonardite from Mae Moh Mine, Northern Thailand Kanitta Wongyai Environmental Management Department, Mae Moh Mine Planning and Administration Division, Mae Moh Mine, EGAT, Lampang, 52220, Thailand. Corresponding author Tel: 66 (0)54 254982, Fax: 66 (0)54 254037, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Leonardite is an organic matter associated with lignite that has not yet completed the process of transformation to coal. Humic substance is the main compartment of leonardite and its pH level 3-4. Leonardite has been subject to all kinds of physical and chemical actions, as well as microbiological, to reach its current form. The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize the Mae Mohleonardite by alkaline activation as potassium hydroxide (KOH) for increasing the pH value. Humic acids were extracted from Leonardite using the method of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS), an aqueous solution with 0.1 mol/L KOH was mixed with Leonardite. After standing for 24 h, the mixture was centrifuged at 25 °C and the suspension was separated as supernatant or pellet. To find the optimal conditions for preparing activated Mae Mohleonardite was mixed and the mixture was analyses the main composition. The results indicated that leonardite plus potassium hydroxide was the most suitable with the highest value of humic acid (48.50%) and suitable pH value (pH 6.50-7.50). This study investigate that improved leopardine obtained from this experiment is appropriate to be used as soil condition and plant growth enhancement for the Mae Moh land reclamation Keywords: Humic Substances, Diatomite / Rock, Phosphate, Mae MohLeonardite, NaOH THE 56th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION, Online International Conference 48
UNFC – a tool for securing sustainable and affordable energy, raw materials and resource- based services during the coming reforms to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Per Blystad1,2,4, Sigurd Heiberg1,2,4, Scott Foster3, Charlotte Griffiths3, Harikrishnan Tulsidas3, and David MacDonald4 1Petrad, Stavanger, Norway 2Petronavita.s, Stavanger, Norway 3United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE, Sustainable Energy Division, Geneva, Switzerland 4UNECE Expert Group on Resource Management, EGRM, Geneva, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Attaining the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and mitigating climate change as outlined in the Paris Accord, calls for deep reforms and challenges us to develop and implement sustainable resource management systems. Structured and harmonized information on affordable energy and raw materials for securing the sustainable services we want is required if the world is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This is a key focus of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC). The current work to expand UNFC into a United Nations Resource Management System (UNRMS) will result in a toolkit for the holistic management of natural resource endowments moving from current inventories to future pathways. UNFC is a resource project-based and principles-based classification system for defining the environmental-socio-economic viability and technical feasibility of projects and to recognize their metrics. It can be used for a variety of resources derived from different sources: renewables (solar, wind, geothermal, hydro-marine, bioenergy), hydrocarbons, minerals, nuclear fuels, water, and injection for storage. This makes UNFC an excellent tool for classifying and intuitively organizing inter-related information on projects, resource-specific as well as trans-commodity inventories, at all scales from individual projects to regional portfolios of projects. Sustainable Resource Management will rely on integrated analyses of the project- information needed to bring commercial projects forward into production while considering the environmental-social aspects. The development will take place under framework conditions set by governments in such a manner that industry can deploy their best capabilities to reach them in ways that the capital market can finance. To understand and communicate how this works, including the effect of policies on opportunities to shape projects, finance them and report to stakeholders requires broad adoption of UNFC. Keywords: UNFC, UNRMS, SDG 49 THEMATIC SESSION “GEOSCIENCE TOWARDS NEW NORMAL AND FUTURE EARTH”
Updating Active Fault Map and Slip Rates of Active Faults in Indochina Region Weerachat Wiwegwin1*, Suwith Kosuwan1, Jutamas Junpangngern1, Rawee Phumsonklin1 Passakorn Pananont2 and Punya Charusiri1 1Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand 2Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The Indochina region is bounded by two major strike-slip faults; the Red River Fault in southern China and Vietnam, and the Sagaing Fault in Myanmar. Active faults in the region locate in the margin of the Cenozoic basins related with the Indian and Eurasian collision since Paleogene, trending mainly NE–SW, NW–SE, and N–S. Especially, in northern parts of Thailand and Laos, these active faults trend mainly NE-SW and E-W, and show left-lateral strike-slip motion with a minor component of dip-slip. There are some NW-SE trending right-lateral strike-slip faults, and N-S trending normal faults in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. In 2018, the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) identified 15 active faults in Thailandbased on seismicity, geophysical data, paleoseismological data and geomorphological features, and also published the active fault map of Thailand. For this study, we mapped the N-S trending normal Wing Haeng Fault (WHF) to the northwest of Chiang Mai downtown, to be a 16th active fault zone in Thailand, using geomorphological features, geophysical and paleoseismological data. We present timing of large paleoearthquakes on the WHF, Mae Chan Fault (MCF), Uttaradit (UF) and Dien Bien Phu Fault (DBPF) in Laos, and estimate the slip rates of these faults based on paleoseismological data. Our trench investigation across the WHF reveals that sixground- rupturing earthquakes occurred along the fault, and the latest paleoseismic event occurred in 2,000 years ago, basedon C14 AMS and OSL ages. Recurrence interval (RI) of seismic events on the WHF is about a few thousand years. The slip rate of the WHF is about 0.11 mm/yr. For the MCF, our trench in vestigation across the MCF reveals that eight ground-rupturing earthquakes occurred along the fault. Based on C14 AMS, OSL and TL ages, the latest paleoseismic event possibly occurred 900 years ago. RI of seismic events on the MCF is between 1,000 and 3,000 years. Terraces and debris flows offset from a few meters to a kilometer, dated largely by cosmogenicisotopic techniques, and yield a slip rate of ~1.4 mm/yr. For the UF whichis a part of DBPF and DBPF in Laos, our trenching data from Uattradit and Laos reveals that sixground -rupturing earthquakes occurred along the fault. Based on C14 AMS and TL ages,the latest paleoseismic event occurred in 1,000 years ago. RI of seismic events on the DBPF in Thailand and Laos is 1,000-3,000 years. Slip rate of the DBPF ~0.19-0.21 mm/yr. Thus, we conclude that the WHF, MCF, UF and DBPF are still active, and added the WHF to be a new active fault zone of Thailand; these data suggest that the Indochina region will be subject to moderate to large earthquakes in the future. Keywords: Active fault map of Thailand, Wiang Haeng Fault, Mae Chan Fault, Uttaradit Fault, Dien Bien Phu Fault. CCOP Technical Secretariat CCOP Building, 75/10 Rama 6 Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand 10400 Tel: (662) 644 5468 Fax: (662) 644 5429 Email: [email protected]
Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 75/10 Rama 6 Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand 10400 Tel: (662) 621 9500