DOCSLIB.ORG

Veterinary Diagnostic Test Kits and Reagents One of the Great Things About Working at VMRD Is Being Part of Such a Great Group of People

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Veterinary Diagnostic Test Kits and Reagents One of the Great Things About Working at VMRD Is Being Part of Such a Great Group of People Veterinary Diagnostic Test Kits and Reagents One of the great things about working at VMRD is being part of such a great group of people. Together we strive to develop, manufacture, deliver, and support the best diagnostic products of which we are capable. Thanks to our peoples’ ingenuity, dedication, hard work, and most importantly integrity, our best continues to improve. As a result you will see a number of improved products in this catalog designated “v2.” Although the products they replace were generally already best in class, we felt that improving them was the right thing to do for our customers. Our goal is to make your lab work easier and your results more accurate and we go the extra mile to achieve it. While we pursue excellence I want you to know that we do not confuse it with being perfect. We are humans with blind spots and we’d appreciate your help in identifying our mistakes and areas for improvement. Please don’t hesitate to contact me or any member of the VMRD team if you ever experience any deficiency in our products, delivery, or support. We’ll be grateful for the perspective and opportunity to learn. That’s how we’d want to be treated as a customer so that’s how we want to treat you. On behalf of the whole VMRD team, thank you for your business and support over the years and we look forward to serving you in the future. Soli Deo gloria, Ethan Adams, CEO Veterinary Medical Research & Development CONTENTS Diagnostic Test Kits ................................1-14 FA Reagents .......................................... 15–22 Antibodies............................................... 23-24 Immunology Reagents ............................ 25 Test Kits DIAGNOSTIC TEST KITS – QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Test Kit Page No. Catalog No. Configuration Tests Assay Time Anaplasma cELISA v2 2 283-2 2 stripwell plates 182 100 minutes Babesia caballi cELISA 3-4 273-2 2 stripwell plates 182 105 minutes Theileria equi cELISA 3-4 274-2 2 stripwell plates 182 105 minutes Bluetongue Virus AGID 5 288-100 AGID 100 30 minutes* Bluetongue Virus cELISA 5 5010.20-2 2 stripwell plates 184 40 minutes Bovine Leukemia virus ELISA 6 284-2 2 stripwell plates 182 60 minutes Neospora caninum cELISA 7 280-2 2 stripwell plates 184 100 minutes Small Ruminant Lentivirus cELISA 8 289-2 2 stripwell plates 184 110 minutes Equine Infectious Anemia Virus AGID 9 400-200 AGID 200 30 minutes* Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ELISA v2 10 5515.01-1 1 stripwell plate 94 35 minutes Equine Arteritis Virus cELISA 11 272-2 2 stripwell plates 182 195 minutes Foot and Mouth Disease cELISA 12 5FM0.20-5 2 stripwell plates 480 140 minutes NEW PRODUCT Babesia bovis ELISA 13 5010.20-2 2 stripwell plates 182 75 minutes COMING SOON Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy IHC 14 298 50 4 hours *Incubation period is 24 hours Sensitivity and Specificity in Perspective Relative sensitivity and specificity values are calculated from data generated by diagnostic laboratory field testing. These values are provided as guidelines only and should not be construed as the absolute sensitivity and specificity of the test in question for any population subset. 1 Veterinary Medical Research & Development Test Kits ANAPLASMOSIS USDA LICENSED Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit, cELISA v2 Catalog No. Species Sample Sensitivity† Specificity† Assay Time Configuration Tests 283-2 bovine serum 100% 99.7% 100 minutes 2 stripwell plates 182 283-WASH 120mL of lot-specific 10X Wash Solution Concentrate Setting a New Standard in the Diagnosis Kit Contents of Anaplasmosis Component 283-2 VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit is a competitive, enzyme- linked, immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of A. Antigen-Coated Plates 2 plates antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum samples. B. Positive Control 3.6 ml It is intended to provide results that will give guidance about C. Negative Control 3.6 ml the presence of Anaplasma infection in bovine species. D. 100X Antibody-Peroxidase Conjugate 0.3 ml Sensitivity and specificity are more than four-fold better than E. Conjugate Diluting Buffer 30 ml the complement fixation test (CFT) which was the former gold F. 10X Wash Solution Concentrate 120 ml standard test. In the study presented in the sensitivity and specificity table on this page, CFT was able to detect only G. Substrate Solution 30 ml ~20% of positive samples in three independent laboratories. H. Stop Solution 30 ml This OIE-recommended cELISA is a breakthrough in Test Kit Insert diagnosis of anaplasmosis in persistently-infected animals. It detects antibodies to Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma Overview of Kit Procedure ovis, and Anaplasma centrale. Notwithstanding some recent publications, we do not believe that the assay should 1. Transfer 50 μl of samples and controls into wells of be relied upon for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma Antigen-Coated Plate phagocytophilum. The kit is available in 2-plate format with 2. Incubate 60 minutes at room temperature breakaway stripwells. 3. Wash 2 times with Wash Solution About Anaplasmosis 4. Add 50 μl of Antibody-Peroxidase Conjugate Anaplasmosis is a non-contagious, arthropod-borne, parasitic 5. Incubate 20 minutes at room temperature disease of ruminants that results in significant economic 6. Wash 4 times with Wash Solution losses to the cattle industry. The disease in cattle is caused 7. Add 50 μl of Substrate Solution by Anaplasma marginale, recently classified in geno-group 8. Incubate 20 minutes at room temperature II of Ehrlichiae. Anaplasma marginale is an intra-erythrocytic 9. Add 50 μl of Stop Solution parasite that causes severe anemia, abortion, weight loss, 10. Read at 620-650 nm jaundice and death. Diagnosis of the acute disease is based upon clinical signs, anemia and finding of Anaplasma inclusion Formula for calculating % inhibition: % I = 100 [1-(Sample OD ÷ Negative bodies in erythrocytes. Animals surviving the acute phase Control OD)] become lifelong carriers. Ticks transmit the infection from Samples producing <30% inhibition are negative. Samples producing carriers to naïve cattle, which develop clinical disease. Cycles ≥30% inhibition are positive. of rickettsemia in carriers fluctuate between 102.5 and 107 For the test to be valid, the mean OD of the Negative Control must range from 0.40 to 2.10. The percent inhibition of the Positive Control must be infected erythrocytes per ml, levels generally undetectable ≥30%. by Giemsa staining. Carriers can be identified by detection of serum antibodies to A. marginale with VMRD’s Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit. FEATURES Nested PCR • Enhanced resolution + – Sum • Improved specificity + 276 0 276 • Removal of mbp plate VMRD – 5 105 110 cELISA • Easier to use Sum 281 105 386 • Shorter run time Sensitivity: 98% • Specificity: 100%† In-house data submitted to USDA in support of licensure, June 2014. † See Sensitivity and Specificity In Perspective on page 1. 800.222.8673 | www.vmrd.com 2 Test Kits EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS USDA LICENSED VMRD’s Babesia caballi Antibody Test Kit, cELISA Catalog No. Species Sample Sensitivity† Specificity† Assay Time Configuration Tests see next see next 273-2 equine serum 105 minutes 2 stripwell plates 182 page page 273-WASH 120mL of lot-specific 10X Wash Solution Concentrate Theileria equi Antibody Test Kit, cELISA Catalog No. Species Sample Sensitivity† Specificity† Assay Time Configuration Tests see next see next 274-2 equine serum 105 minutes 2 stripwell plates 182 page page 274-WASH 120mL of lot-specific 10X Wash Solution Concentrate About the B. caballi and T. equi Test Kits VMRD’s Babesia caballi Antibody Test Kit, cELISA and VMRD’s Theileria (Babesia) equi Antibody Test Kit, cELISA are competitive, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assays which detect antibodies in equine sera to B. caballi or T. equi, respectively. Antibody to B. caballi or T. equi in sample serum inhibits binding of primary monoclonal antibody. The binding of primary monoclonal antibody to the antigen-coated plate is detected by binding of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)- secondary antibody. Finally, binding of the HRP-secondary antibody is quantified by the addition of enzyme substrate and subsequent color product development. Strong color development indicates little or no inhibition of primary monoclonal antibody binding and therefore the absence of B. caballi or T. equi antibody in sample sera. Weak color development due to inhibition of the primary monoclonal antibody binding to the antigen on the antigen-coated plate indicates the presence of B. caballi or T. equi antibodies in sample sera. † See Sensitivity and Specificity In Perspective on page 1. Sensitivity and Specificity of VMRD Equine Piroplasmosis Kits Based on the work of Knowles1, Kappmeyer2, and Katz3, cELISAs have been adopted by the OIE as prescribed tests for 1. Knowles, D.P., et al. Antibody to a recombinant merozoite protein epitope identifies horses infected with Babesia equi. J. Clin. Microbiol. (30):3122–3126 equine piroplasmosis. Two protocols developed at NVSL, one (1992). for B. caballi and one for T. equi, were validated for the OIE using a 36-sample panel provided to cooperating international 2. Kappmeyer, L.S., et al. Detection of equine antibodies to Babesia caballi recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a competitive-inhibition equine piroplasmosis reference laboratories. VMRD’s enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. (37):2285–2290 (1999). piroplasmosis cELISA kits are derived from these protocols 3. Katz J., et al. Procedurally similar competitive immunoassay systems for the and, when tested against the NVSL protocol with the same serodiagnosis of Babesia equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma equiperdum and validation panel, gave 100% correct results (see Tables 1 and Burkholderia mallei infection in horses. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. (12):46–50 (2000). 3). In 2005, NVSL conducted side-by-side tests comparing the VMRD kits with the NVSL protocols. Tables 2 and 4 show the results of that testing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Non-Primate Lentiviral Vectors and Their Applications in Gene Therapy for Ocular Disorders
    viruses Review Non-Primate Lentiviral Vectors and Their Applications in Gene Therapy for Ocular Disorders Vincenzo Cavalieri 1,2,* ID , Elena Baiamonte 3 and Melania Lo Iacono 3 1 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy 2 Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy 3 Campus of Haematology Franco e Piera Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (M.L.I.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 April 2018; Accepted: 7 June 2018; Published: 9 June 2018 Abstract: Lentiviruses have a number of molecular features in common, starting with the ability to integrate their genetic material into the genome of non-dividing infected cells. A peculiar property of non-primate lentiviruses consists in their incapability to infect and induce diseases in humans, thus providing the main rationale for deriving biologically safe lentiviral vectors for gene therapy applications. In this review, we first give an overview of non-primate lentiviruses, highlighting their common and distinctive molecular characteristics together with key concepts in the molecular biology of lentiviruses. We next examine the bioengineering strategies leading to the conversion of lentiviruses into recombinant lentiviral vectors, discussing their potential clinical applications in ophthalmological research. Finally, we highlight the invaluable role of animal organisms, including the emerging zebrafish model, in ocular gene therapy based on non-primate lentiviral vectors and in ophthalmology research and vision science in general. Keywords: FIV; EIAV; BIV; JDV; VMV; CAEV; lentiviral vector; gene therapy; ophthalmology; zebrafish 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 S2 from Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Is an Infectivity Factor Which Counteracts the Retroviral Inhibitors SERINC5 and SERINC
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/065078; this version posted July 21, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. S2 from Equine infectious anemia virus is an infectivity factor which counteracts the retroviral inhibitors SERINC5 and SERINC3 Ajit Chande*a, Cristiana Cuccurullo*a, Annachiara Rosaa, Serena Ziglioa, Susan Carpenterb, Massimo Pizzatoa# aUniversity of Trento, Centre of Integrative Biology, 38123 Trento, Italy bDepartment of Animal Science, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, USA *these authors contributed equally Classification: Biological Sciences Short title: EIAV S2 counteracts SERINC5 and SERINC3 Corresponding author: Massimo Pizzato CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9 38123, Trento, Italy Telephone number: +390461283286 Email address: [email protected] Keywords: Retrovirus, Restriction factor, Virus infection 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/065078; this version posted July 21, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ABSTRACT The lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) encodes S2, a pathogenic determinant important for virus replication and disease progression in horses. No molecular function has yet been linked to this accessory protein. We now report that S2 can replace the activity of Nef on HIV-1 infectivity, being required to antagonize the inhibitory activity of SERINC proteins on Nef- defective HIV-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against the Envelope Proteins of Feline Leukemia Virus1
    (CANCER RESEARCH 44, 3512-3517, August 1984] Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the Envelope Proteins of Feline Leukemia Virus1 Susan D. Youngren, Alex P. Vukasin, and Fernando de Noronha2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 ABSTRACT Viral neutralizing antibody is directed against the external protein, gp70, which is distinct from complement-dependent activity (9). Monoclonal antibodies directed against the feline leukemia The envelope of FeLV is composed of a closely associated virus (FeLV) envelope proteins, gp70 and p15E, were identified complex of gp70 and p15E molecules. They appear to exist in by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly- stable associations of 4 to 6 gp70s disulfide-bonded to a p15E acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Six of these monoclonal antibod (18). Subtyping of FeLV isolates has been carried out by taking ies were specific for the gp70; two for the p15E. Enzyme-linked advantage of the antigenic variation in these external glycopro- immunosorbent assay binding assays against FeLV subtypes A, teins. Isolates have been subtyped A, B, and C on the basis of B, and C showed that most of the monoclonal antibodies bound infectivity interference and serum neutralization assays (21, 22). to more than one subtype but have a greater affinity for subtype Natural distribution and host range of FeLV subtypes (11) indi B. One monoclonal bound exclusively to the FL74 isolate. These cates that variation does exist between isolates of the same studies also indicate that antigenic variability exists between subtype. FeLV isolates previously classified as being the same subtype.
    [Show full text]
  • Equine Infectious Anemia What You Need to Know Answers to the Most Common Questions November 2013 and Myths About EIA, for Horse Owners
    Equine Infectious Anemia What You Need To Know Answers to the most common questions November 2013 and myths about EIA, for horse owners What is EIA? Equine infectious anemia (EIA), also known as The EIA virus is transmitted on the mouth parts “swamp fever,” is a viral disease of horses and of horseflies and deerflies when they feed on an other equids (i.e. donkeys, mules, and zebras) that infected horse, and then feed on another horse causes recurrent episodes of fever, lethargy and within a fairly short period (approximately four destruction of red blood cells (anemia) and hours).7,8 Stable flies can also transmit the virus, platelets (thrombocytopenia). but not as easily.9,10 There is no evidence that the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes.3,11 The EIA virus is a lentivirus in the family Transmission is much more likely to occur from a Retroviridae, similar to several immunodeficiency horse when it is showing signs of illness, because of viruses in other species, including human the increased amount of virus in the bloodstream; immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause however, transmission from persistently infected persistent, lifelong infection in their hosts by but healthy horses is possible,12,13 and generating DNA sequences (based on the viral RNA) immunosuppression from steroid therapy (e.g. that become permanently inserted into the DNA of prednisolone, dexamethasone) or other stresses white blood cells. However, unlike other can also lead to increased viral load and illness in a immunodeficiency viruses that cause slowly
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Igg And/Or Igm Antibodies Against Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus (EIAV) in Nigerian Race and Polo Horses
    Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Volume 12 (Number 3). December, 2014 RESEARCH ARTICLE Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (P-ISSN 1595-093X/ E-ISSN 2315-6201) Mayaki et al/Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (2014) 12(3): 32-36 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v12i3.6 Detection of IgG and/or IgM antibodies against equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) in Nigerian race and polo horses 1 2 3 AM Mayaki *, CAO Adeyefa & CO Aiki-Raji 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. 2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.. 3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Parasitology University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria *Correspondence: Tel.: +2348035233598, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) has aroused a lot of attention over the years. The disease is often fatal in horses and surviving horses remain lifelong carriers; that is why humane destruction of infected horses is highly recommmended. It is caused by the prototype lentivirus of the family retrovirus. A serological screening was carried out in polo and race horses from three selected state capitals in Nigeria. In all, 84 sera samples were collected from race horses from Ilorin in the North Central and Sokoto in the Northwest, and polo horses from Ibadan in the Southwest. They were analyzed for antibodies against the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) by indirect ELISA. Of the 84 samples tested, 2 samples, 1 (1.2%) horse in Ilorin and 1 (1.2%) horse in Ibadan tested positive. It was observed that the positive horses were adult and they showed no fever and symptoms associated with EIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Required for Transport-I Through Targeting Endosomal Sorting PTAP-Dependent Retroviral Budding TANK-Binding Kinase 1
    TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Attenuates PTAP-Dependent Retroviral Budding through Targeting Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-I This information is current as of October 2, 2021. Qi Da, Xuanming Yang, Youli Xu, Guangxia Gao, Genhong Cheng and Hong Tang J Immunol 2011; 186:3023-3030; Prepublished online 26 January 2011; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000262 Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/content/186/5/3023 Supplementary http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2011/01/26/jimmunol.100026 Material 2.DC1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ References This article cites 46 articles, 24 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/186/5/3023.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision by guest on October 2, 2021 • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2011 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Attenuates PTAP-Dependent Retroviral Budding through Targeting Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-I Qi Da,*,†,1 Xuanming Yang,*,†,1 Youli Xu,* Guangxia Gao,* Genhong Cheng,*,‡ and Hong Tang* Retroviruses need to bud from producer cells to spread infection.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT JIA, BIN. Role of the Cytoplasmic Tail of Equine
    ABSTRACT JIA, BIN. Role of the Cytoplasmic Tail of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Transmembrane Glycoprotein in Acute Disease Induction. (Under the direction of Dr. Frederick J. Fuller.) Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a macrophage-tropic lentivirus of horses. EIAV is unique among lentiviruses in that a further cleavage event occurs within the N- terminus of the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein and yields a C-terminal non-glycosylated p20 protein. The p20 comprises more than two-third of the CT domain and contains both of the amphipathic α-helices. To test the role of the EIAV CT domain in acute disease induction, we constructed a p20-truncated clone (p19/wenv17∆p20) on the background of a highly virulent EIAV infectious clone p19/wenv17 by introducing three termination codons into the N-terminal coding region of p20. The derived virus replicated at a delayed and lower level compared with that of parental virus in equine macrophages in vitro. In vivo, the p19/wenv17∆p20 virus showed attenuation and did not induce acute disease like the parental (p19/wenv17) virus. The viral load in ponies infected by p19/wenv17∆p20 virus was about 10-1000 fold lower than that of ponies infected by parental (p19/wenv17) virus. In vitro studies on the properties of the p20-truncated virus showed that truncation of the p20 did not impair the envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virions. There was also no severe defect in virus replication. The delayed and lower level replication of p20-truncated virus compared with parental virus was most probably due to small delays in several steps in the virus life cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Evolution During the Development of an Attenuated EIAV
    Wang et al. Retrovirology (2016) 13:9 DOI 10.1186/s12977-016-0240-6 Retrovirology RESEARCH Open Access Genetic Evolution during the development of an attenuated EIAV vaccine Xue‑Feng Wang1,2†, Yue‑Zhi Lin1†, Qiang Li1,3, Qiang Liu1, Wei‑Wei Zhao1, Cheng Du1, Jie Chen1, Xiaojun Wang1* and Jian‑Hua Zhou1,4* Abstract Background: The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine is the only attenuated lentiviral vaccine applied on a large scale that has been shown to be effective in controlling the prevalence of EIA in China. This vaccine was devel‑ oped by successive passaging of a field-isolated virulent strain in different hosts and cultivated cells. To explore the molecular basis for the phenotype alteration of this vaccine strain, we systematically analyzed its genomic evolution during vaccine development. Results: Sequence analysis revealed that the genetic distance between the wild-type strain and six representative strains isolated from key development stages gradually increased with the number of passages. Env gene, but not gag and pol, showed a clear evolutionary flow similar to that of the whole genomes of different generations during the attenuation. Stable mutations were identified in multiple regions of multiple genes along with virus passaging. The adaption of the virus to the growth environment of cultured cells with accumulated genomic and genetic variations was positively correlated with the reduction in pathogenicity and rise of immunogenicity. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the frequency of the most stable mutations between in vivo and ex vivo-adapted strains and between virulent and attenuated strains. Conclusions: These data indicate that EIAV evolution during vaccine development generated an accumulation of mutations under the selective drive force, which helps to better understand the molecular basis of lentivirus patho‑ genicity and immunogenicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Type W Human Endogenous
    Grandi et al. Retrovirology (2016) 13:67 DOI 10.1186/s12977-016-0301-x Retrovirology RESEARCH Open Access Contribution of type W human endogenous retroviruses to the human genome: characterization of HERV‑W proviral insertions and processed pseudogenes Nicole Grandi1 , Marta Cadeddu1 , Jonas Blomberg2 and Enzo Tramontano1,3* Abstract Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient sequences integrated in the germ line cells and vertically transmitted through the offspring constituting about 8 % of our genome. In time, HERVs accumulated muta- tions that compromised their coding capacity. A prominent exception is HERV-W locus 7q21.2, producing a functional Env protein (Syncytin-1) coopted for placental syncytiotrophoblast formation. While expression of HERV-W sequences has been investigated for their correlation to disease, an exhaustive description of the group composition and char- acteristics is still not available and current HERV-W group information derive from studies published a few years ago that, of course, used the rough assemblies of the human genome available at that time. This hampers the comparison and correlation with current human genome assemblies. Results: In the present work we identified and described in detail the distribution and genetic composition of 213 HERV-W elements. The bioinformatics analysis led to the characterization of several previously unreported features and provided a phylogenetic classification of two main subgroups with different age and structural characteristics. New facts on HERV-W genomic context of insertion and co-localization with sequences putatively involved in disease development are also reported. Conclusions: The present work is a detailed overview of the HERV-W contribution to the human genome and provides a robust genetic background useful to clarify HERV-W role in pathologies with poorly understood etiology, representing, to our knowledge, the most complete and exhaustive HERV-W dataset up to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Syncytin-Like Retroviral
    Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Syncytin-Like Retroviral Envelope Genes, Captured for a Possible role in the Atypical Structure of the Hyena Placenta and in the Emergence of the Non-Mammalian Mabuya Lizard Placenta a Mathis Funk To cite this version: Mathis Funk. Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Syncytin-Like Retroviral Envelope Genes, Captured for a Possible role in the Atypical Structure of the Hyena Placenta and in the Emergence of the Non-Mammalian Mabuya Lizard Placenta a. Virology. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2018. English. NNT : 2018SACLS106. tel-02377630 HAL Id: tel-02377630 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02377630 Submitted on 24 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Identification and characterization of 106 S two novel syncytin-like retroviral SACL envelope genes, captured for a 8 possible role in the atypical structure : 201 of the hyena placenta and in the NNT emergence of the non-mammalian Mabuya lizard placenta Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay préparée à l'UMR
    [Show full text]
  • With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Profiles in Samples From
    Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Profiles in Samples from Brains of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Oliver Frank, Michelle Giehl, Chun Zheng, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Christine Leib-Mösch and Wolfgang Seifarth J. Virol. 2005, 79(17):10890. DOI: Downloaded from 10.1128/JVI.79.17.10890-10901.2005. Updated information and services can be found at: http://jvi.asm.org/content/79/17/10890 http://jvi.asm.org/ These include: REFERENCES This article cites 58 articles, 18 of which can be accessed free at: http://jvi.asm.org/content/79/17/10890#ref-list-1 on September 17, 2013 by GSF Forschungszentrum F CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Sept. 2005, p. 10890–10901 Vol. 79, No. 17 0022-538X/05/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/JVI.79.17.10890–10901.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Profiles in Samples from Brains of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Oliver Frank,1* Michelle Giehl,1 Chun Zheng,1 Ru¨diger Hehlmann,1 Christine Leib-Mo¨sch,1,2 and Wolfgang Seifarth1 Medical Clinic III, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68305 Mannheim, Germany,1 Downloaded from and GSF Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Molecular Virology, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany2 Received 9 March 2005/Accepted 20 May 2005 The detection and identification of retroviral transcripts in brain samples, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma of individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders suggest that activation or upregu- lation of distinct human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of neuro- psychiatric diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Infectivity, Transmission and Diagnostic of the Equine Infectious Anemia and the Challenges of Retrovirology for the New Millennium
    CARVALHO, P.R. et al. Retroviral Lentivirus : infectivity, transmission and diagnostic of the Equine Infectious Anemia and the challenges of retrovirology for the new millennium. PUBVET , Londrina, V. 5, N. 28, Ed. 175, Art. 1180, 2011. PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Retroviral Lentivirus : infectivity, transmission and diagnostic of the Equine Infectious Anemia and the challenges of retrovirology for the new millennium Paulo Reis de Carvalho 1, Helvécio Mosetto 2, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos 1, Luiz Florencio Franco Margatho 1 1Veterinary Medical, Scientific Researcher, Laboratory of Animal Pathology APTA-Regional- Secretary of Agriculture and Supply (SAA/SP), Brazil. 2Veterinary Medical, Coordination of Livestock Defense-SAA/SP. Abstract Since the first citation in equids in 1843 in France until today, the Lentivirus (family Retroviridae ), single-stranded RNA, continues to challenge the foundations of scientific knowledge in virology how prevention strategies and vaccine immunization. The AIDS of the horse, so-called due to its kinship with the Lentivirus in the same group of the Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV or AIDS human) once in contact with the cell, imposed its genetic mechanism and from the RNA if the replica expense of the host cell of the reticuloendothelial system through the synthesis of proteins for new virions. Opposite this scenario, in veterinary medicine the practice adopted in relation to serum-positive for Equine Infectious Anemia is the sacrifice. A total of 40.500 equine serums were processed in Laboratory Animal Pathology APTA-Bauru, originating from 225 municipalities and 21.608 different CARVALHO, P.R. et al. Retroviral Lentivirus : infectivity, transmission and diagnostic of the Equine Infectious Anemia and the challenges of retrovirology for the new millennium.
    [Show full text]