*Ffihwffi Qtuffi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

*Ffihwffi Qtuffi M M W f/,/ ' &ffiffiM#s%, ffi6ryw sffi, ff /.a - &ffiffiffiffiffi qtuffiffiffiffiffiffiffiMwffi# 1 #*ffihWffi ffi%#ffi ffiW WW --a>?-- Abu Abraham's cartoons may be decades old, \s,-=: il\, butthey retain punch, says Jaideep Sen. The dis*nt lhi ng[ to do Abu Abrahnm (ig ht) eatned no torie ty for hmp o oning Indira Gandhi and thz Congre s s Party in the mid: 70s Abu Abraham's views were sometimes Sunday paper's first full-time political startlingly contradictory. During the mid- cartoonist in 1956, by which time he had 1970s, in the midst of an Emergency that already made it to the pages of Punch and, saw suspended elections, restricted civil Tribune. AtPriuate View, someofthe pieces liberties and a media clampdown in the date back to those years, when Abu would country, enforced by the Congress party, describe himself as a "Nehruvian in India Abu was friends with then Prime Minister and a Bevanite in England", referring to his Indira Gandhi, and supportive of her party. leanings towardsJawaharlal Nehru, and the (His stance didn't find approval from those Left wing movement of the Labour Party led around him, including his wife Sarojini.) But by Nye Bevan in the late-'S0s. despite his proximity to Gandhi and the The highlight of the show, however, will Congress, Abu repeatedly made her and the be his work around the time of the party a target of satire in his work as Emergency. Abu returned to India, and a cartoonist. joinedthe Indian Express inl969 - he stayed Third World", noted -\f isha. "He was Conversations on political affairs were the with the paper until 1982, and in the opposed to a free market, and unfettered free norm in the Abraham household, recalled disruptive years of the Emergency, he was enterprise, and the notion of 'survival of the the artist and filmmaker Ayisha Abraham even elected into the Rajya Sabha(1972:78). fittest'. He felt that India should be self- (Abu's daughter). Ayisha and her younger Abu had "an inherent suspicion for the sufficient, andnot dependent on the west." sister Janaki, both in their early teens motives of the west," offered Ayisha. "He In an essay written bv Abu sometime in then, wouid often listen in on those was shaped by an anti-colonial discourse, the '90s, which is part of the show's discussions. "Our home was always full of and felt that globalisation would mean the catalogue, he speaks of an undying journalists," she said. "And the evening exploitation of India's resources - again." fascination for nervsprint, and about sounds were those of animated arguments. The era of nationalistic fervour that he moving to Mumbai, rvhere he'd sustain My sister and I experienced this from behind grew up in unquestionably shaped his himself on vegetarian meals at Gopal half-open doors." personal ideology, she added. "Abu Ashram below the Press Club for six annas This fortnight, Bangaloreans will get a believed in the Nehruvian version of (the former currenc]-, equalling 1116 of a sense of those lacerating arguments that development - its [policies for] a mixed rupee), or a biryani at Karim's at Victoria would rent the air in the Abraham economy, and protection of the weakest Terminus for 12 annas; a lavish spread household - Pru'a ate Vieut, a retrospective of sections of society." meant a prawn salad at the Pioneer Coffee Abu's works at the Indian Institute of House at Churchgate for a rupee. He goes Cartoonists, distils those discussions into a on to describe his earliest interactions with representative body of work that offers a The Obseruer editor David Astor, who view of the cartoonist's political ideologies. urged him to pick a pseudonym, reasoning Born in a town calied Tiruvalla in Keraia that "any Abraham in Europe would be in 1924, Abu began as a journalist in the late- taken as aJew", and would add an unwanted '40s with Bombay Chronicle and The siant to his work. Abu, the name he himself Bombay Sentinel, while also contributing The years he spent in the west, when he came up with, seemed perfect to Astor, who cartoons toBlltz andBharat, before moving travelled to witness Fidei Castro's described it as "Suitably mysterious". to New Delhi in 1951 to work with Weekly, revolution in Cuba in the '60s, and later to Hence, as he states in the essay, he run by the feted cartoonist Shankar. cover the Vietnam War (for The Guardian, christened himself Abu on the morning of A chance meeting with a visiting British which he joined in 1966), also influenced Friday, April6, 1956. journalist ledhim to London, where he spent Abu's views, especially about holding "a Abu's work left an indelible mark in the 15 arguably the best years of his five-decade moral ground when it came to the power years that followed. In Fleet Street's Star of career with The Obseruer - he became the politics between Colonial powers and the India, a book on Abu's work, the writer 14 www,timeoutbengaluru.net March 4 - 77 2O1-! *.r'.*.,*"*/i+hffi AbuAbraham she said. "But he had a Bryant noted that The Guardianhad work that seemed World," Mark personalised sympathy for described the cartoonist as "the conscience offensive at the time, those who struggled for self- of the Left and the pea under the princess's but turns out to be a determination, and his views mattress". An obituary in The Independent remarkably playful any (Abu died in2002) by the journalist Kuldip take on the affairs of never emerged from rigidly ideological or polemical Singh described Abu's work as "unsparing, the time.In "The State and pricking pomposity and political chicanery of Humour", one position." Shrewd as Abu was in his with indolent ease". Abu "stood up to the among several articles analytical censors and drew scathing cartoons in the book, which opinions, his cartoons and lampooning Gandhi and her courtiers", were drawings were unwaveringly concerns wrole Singh, and in turn, "earned enviable later carried in various focused on everyday notoriety for criticising Gandhi's blind publications including of the masses, and almost gallingly considering political ambition". Debonair, Indian satirical, Express, Seminar and the conventional and Sunday Standard, restrained methods of Abu describes his cartoonists at the time. His predicament about signature characters - akin to creating cartoons RK Laxman's "Common man" during the obbligato, if you will - were, in Emergency: "Slipping fact, a duo of political leaders, In another obit, the journalist and British on a banana skin can unnamed as Labour Party politician Michael Foot said be comic commonly referred to "the tall man and the short that Abu was "always a true internationalist but also very political 33,Y;JSiJilYJ'" man", both always shown to the fingertips". Ayisha agreed with Foot's if the man who slips EVSOR OF TIU/^OVR? donned Nehru caps and judgement. "Even as he became a nationalist happens to be, for ,7' in +.7 glasses. Ayisha noted on the one hand, he was in every way an example, thePresident Gandhi "different would internationalist too - in what he read, wore, ofthe Congress." that PeoPle see different personalities in them Charan ate, the music he listened to, and his lifestyle The carioons in the book - such as one of - in general," she said. "His was not the Indira Gandhi leading a donkey wearing a Singh, Morarji Desai, orJagjivan Ram." a flag with the However, through the course of Abu's [elaborately artistic] tradition o{ [British Nehru cap and unfurling on it, and writing, a sense of disenchantment about artists Jamesl Gillray or [William] Hogarth. words "Revolution" emblazoned an another of a polling booth with the sign iournalism had also turnedapparent. "He had Though English cartooning had journalism"' on his politics and art, as "Vote your caste here" remain iconic a love-hate relationship with enormous impact - hurt did his growing up in the ecosystem of testaments to those controversial years. A said Ayisha. "I think he was shocked and journalism as he grew older. Kerala, witn its innate humour and acerbic selection of those works, bearing "Not to be by changes in lr Hindustan Times view of the world." In the catalogue essay, published" seals signed by Baldeo Sahai on [For instance] The part of the discontinued his column without informing Abu also speaks of how Astor explained his behalf of the Censor Board, are li interest in hiring him to work at The show as well (seepic above). him, [ostensibly] as they needed space.for stories." In his later years, Abu Obseruer, with the words, "You are not cruel In his early years, books such as las lifestyle (in 1989), cartoonists." Damnds de laTerre (or Inthe Wretched of the moved out of Delhi to Trivandrum like other the "politics Soon after the Emergency was lifted in Earth), by the Algerian philosophet Frantz becoming embittered with posturing" in the capital, she added' 1977, Abu released a book titled Games of Fanon, on the methods of torture used by the and in that he never the Emergency, containing articles and French forces in battles in Algeria in the '50s, Yet, Abu "was amazing Ayisha. There was no that he wasn't allowed to release had a profound impact on Abu, said Ayisha. did getcynical", noted cartoons with during the preceding 21-month period - "He was fiercely anti-war and pro-Third question- about him growing dispirited life, Janaki added. If anYthing, "he hated ageing, and didn't want to die," she said, adding that the appeal of Abu's work was overwhelmingly universal, as evidenced by the many Id greetings that they'd receive from across the country, all "addressed to Abu lbrahim".
Recommended publications
  • Merit Cum Means Scholarship for Minority Communities Sanctioned Students List - Total ( 2011-2012 ) State : Kerala Date :27/11/2012
    Merit Cum Means Scholarship for Minority Communities Sanctioned Students List - Total ( 2011-2012 ) State : Kerala Date :27/11/2012 S.No Student Name Parent Name Institution Name Course Total Amount 1 AANIN.P.P MOHAMMEDALI.P.P Government Medical College Kozhikode II - MBBS ( MBBS ) 30000.00 III - B.Tech. ( Computer 2 AANISA AZEEZ AZEEZ CHUNNATH Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Science and Eng. ) 25000.00 II - MCA ( Master of 3 AASHISH JOSEPH DAVIS DAVIS P J CCSIT Pudukkad 25000.00 Computer Application ) II - B.Tech. ( Applied 4 ABDUL ADHIL B.A AHAMED BASHEER College of Engineering Trivandrum 11570.00 Electronics and Inst. ) I - M.Tech. ( Applied 5 ABDUL AZEEM Z ZAKIR HUSSAIN Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 50702.00 Electronics and Inst. ) I - B.Tech. ( Electronics 6 ABDUL BARIK. P AHAMMED. P Government Engineering College Thrissur and Communication ) 14175.00 I - B.Tech. ( Electrical 7 ABDUL BASITH.M.B A.M.BASHEER College of Engineering Attingal 23500.00 Engineering ) I - B.Tech. ( Electronics 8 ABDUL BASITH S SHAJAHAN M University College of Engineering Kariavattom and Communication ) 24000.00 I - B.Tech. ( Mechnical Merit9 ABDUL HASEEB N C CumN.C. ABDUL GAFOOR MeansSaintgits College of Engineering Kottayam Scholarship28000.00 Engineering ) III - MCA ( Master of 10 ABDUL JALEEL P KAMMUKUTTY M E S College of Engineering Kuttippuram 30000.00 Computer Application ) I - B.Tech. ( Mechnical 11 ABDUL KAREEM MUJEEB National Institute of Technology 51702.00 Engineering ) 12 ABDUL KHAYOOM.B.M C.H SOOPPY Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram V - MBBS ( MBBS ) 30000.00 ABDULLA NASEEL I - B.Tech. ( Electrical 13 ABDURAHIMAN.O Government Engineering College Kannur 14980.00 ODAKKAL Engineering ) Calicut University Institute of Engineering and I - B.Tech.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerala History Timeline
    Kerala History Timeline AD 1805 Death of Pazhassi Raja 52 St. Thomas Mission to Kerala 1809 Kundara Proclamation of Velu Thampi 68 Jews migrated to Kerala. 1809 Velu Thampi commits suicide. 630 Huang Tsang in Kerala. 1812 Kurichiya revolt against the British. 788 Birth of Sankaracharya. 1831 First census taken in Travancore 820 Death of Sankaracharya. 1834 English education started by 825 Beginning of Malayalam Era. Swatithirunal in Travancore. 851 Sulaiman in Kerala. 1847 Rajyasamacharam the first newspaper 1292 Italiyan Traveller Marcopolo reached in Malayalam, published. Kerala. 1855 Birth of Sree Narayana Guru. 1295 Kozhikode city was established 1865 Pandarappatta Proclamation 1342-1347 African traveller Ibanbatuta reached 1891 The first Legislative Assembly in Kerala. Travancore formed. Malayali Memorial 1440 Nicholo Conti in Kerala. 1895-96 Ezhava Memorial 1498 Vascoda Gama reaches Calicut. 1904 Sreemulam Praja Sabha was established. 1504 War of Cranganore (Kodungallor) be- 1920 Gandhiji's first visit to Kerala. tween Cochin and Kozhikode. 1920-21 Malabar Rebellion. 1505 First Portuguese Viceroy De Almeda 1921 First All Kerala Congress Political reached Kochi. Meeting was held at Ottapalam, under 1510 War between the Portuguese and the the leadership of T. Prakasam. Zamorin at Kozhikode. 1924 Vaikom Satyagraha 1573 Printing Press started functioning in 1928 Death of Sree Narayana Guru. Kochi and Vypinkotta. 1930 Salt Satyagraha 1599 Udayamperoor Sunahadhos. 1931 Guruvayur Satyagraha 1616 Captain Keeling reached Kerala. 1932 Nivarthana Agitation 1663 Capture of Kochi by the Dutch. 1934 Split in the congress. Rise of the Leftists 1694 Thalassery Factory established. and Rightists. 1695 Anjengo (Anchu Thengu) Factory 1935 Sri P. Krishna Pillai and Sri.
    [Show full text]
  • Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History in the Modern World Ritu Gairola Khanduri Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04332-9 - Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History in the Modern World Ritu Gairola Khanduri Frontmatter More information Caricaturing Culture in India Caricaturing Culture in India is a highly original history of political car- toons in India. Drawing on the analysis of newspaper cartoons since the 1870s, archival research, and interviews with prominent Indian cartoon- ists, this ambitious study combines historical narrative with ethnographic testimony to give a pioneering account of the role that cartoons have played over time in political communication, public discourse, and the refraction of ideals central to the creation of the Indian postcolonial state. Maintaining that cartoons are more than illustrative representations of news, Ritu Gairola Khanduri uncovers the true potential of cartoons as a visual medium where memories jostle, history is imagined, and lines of empathy are demarcated. Placing the argument within a wider context, this thought-provoking book highlights the history and power of print media in debates on free speech and democratic processes around the world, revealing why cartoons still matter today. Ritu Gairola Khanduri is a cultural anthropologist and historian of India. She is Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at the University of Texas at Arlington. In addition to her research on media, she is currently completing a book on Gandhi and material culture. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04332-9
    [Show full text]
  • Orient Blackswan Catalogue 2013-14.Indb
    National Manager (ESOL Examinations) Trinity College London GESE from Trinity College London. Makes you future-ready. We live in a highly competitive world. And the future promises to be increasingly more complex. It is wise to prepare from today to be ready for tomorrow. And what l The only exams that test real-life listening and speaking skills better than to arm yourself with skills in the language l Internationally recognised certification the world speaks! l Candidates are examined in a one-to-one, face-to-face interview with a highly qualified examiner from Trinity College London To help you in this, Orient BlackSwan with Trinity College l Gives you the confidence to communicate easily & fluently in London brings to you Graded Examinations in Spoken real-life situations English (GESE). The GESE is accredited in the United Kingdom by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority l Value addition to academic qualifications (QCA) and is an internationally-recognised standard of l Does not require any change from the normal teaching proficiency in the English language. curriculum l Digibooks and syllabus information available at www.trinitycollege.co.uk There is a grade for everyone aged 5 years & above! Initial stage Grades 1–3 Elementary stage Grades 4–6 Intermediate stage Grades 7–9 Advanced stage Grades 10–12 ISE is an English language examination which assesses listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in an integrated manner. ISE ❖ There is an ISE level to suit every Integrated Skills in English individual learner’s language abilities There are 3 components to an ISE examination at (ISE 0 – ISE IV).
    [Show full text]
  • Cartoonists of Orissa
    Cartoonists of Orissa Cartoon is an art which usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social and/or political topics. There could be two objectives of cartoon: to create pure humour and to criticise; says Dr. Mrinal Chatterjee. What is a Cartoon? A cartoon is any of several forms of illustrations with varied meanings that evolved from its original meaning. In modern print media, a cartoon is a piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843 when Punch magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, particularly sketches by John Leech. History of Cartoon: A cartoon (from the Italian cartone and Dutch/Flemish word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) used to be a full-size drawing made on paper as a study for further drawings, such as a painting or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted onto plaster over a series of days. Such cartoons often have pinpricks where the outline of the design has been picked out in the plaster. Cartoons by painters such as Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci are highly prized in their own right. However, cartoons as we understand now, originated in Italy. Documented evidence seems to point to the Italian brothers Annibale and Agostini Carrcci, who in 1590 produced a series of drawings called ritratini carichi (which mean loaded portraits). It is from this term that the word ‘caricature' was born. This art form flourished in Europe in the next hundred years and travelled to neighbouring continents too.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Doctors Who Referred and Treated the Sponsored Patients
    LIST OF DOCTORS WHO REFERRED AND TREATED THE SPONSORED PATIENTS SI. No. Name Address 1 Dr. ABBAS E V, CIVIL SURGEON PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE ,VATANAPALLY 2 Dr. ABDUL GAFOOR S, ASST PROFESSOR MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL, KOTTAYAM 3 Dr. ABDUL HAMEED,MEDICAL OFFICER M M HOSPITAL,THAKAZHI 4 Dr. ABDUL KHADER S.ASSOC. PROF. OF CARDIOLOGY MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL, KOTTAYAM 5 Dr. ABDUL LATHEEF, CONSULTANT PHYSICIAN C.A. HOSPITAL, DESAM, ALUVA 6 Dr. ABDUL MAJEED, P.H,MD,DM-NEUROLOGIST NEURO CLINIC,VELIYANNUR,TRISSUR 7 Dr.ABDUL RASHEED GOVT. AYURVEDA PANCHAKARMA HOSPITAL, ALLEPPY 8 Dr. ABDUL RASHEED K.M, MBBS,MD,NEPHOROLOGIST SPECILISTS HOSPITAL, ERNAKULAM 9 Dr. ABDUL RASHID,MD,NEPHOROLOGIST ERNAKULAM MEDICAL CENTRE PVT LTD.,ERNAKULAM 10 Dr. ABDUL SAMAD SURAKSHA HOSPITAL, VARISSERY, MARIYA THURUTH, KOTTAYAM. 11 Dr. ABDUL SHUKUR,TUTOR GOVT. AYURVEDA HOSPITAL,THRIPUNITHARA 12 Dr. ABI ABRAHAM M ,MD(MED.),DM,DNB-NEPHOROLOGIST LAKE SHORE HOSPITAL, ERNAKULAM, 13 Dr. ABI ABRAHAM, SR.CONSULTANT-NEPHOROLOGIST LAKSHMI HOSPITAL, KOCHI 14 Dr. ABRAHAM A.K., INDIRA GANDHI CO-OPERATIVE HOSPITAL, GANDHINAGAR, COCHIN 15 Dr. ABRAHAM JOHN,M.D MEDICAL TRUST HOSPITAL, ERNAKULAM 16 Dr. ABRAHAM JOSE MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL, KOTTAYAM 17 Dr. ABRAHAM JOSE MS(ORTHO) PROFESSOR AND HOD (ORTHO) PUSHPAGIRI MEDICAL COLLEGE, THIRUVALLA 18 Dr. ABRAHAM KOSHY LAKESHORE HOSPITAL, NETTOOR 19 Dr. ABRAHAM KURIAN, CONSULTANT PHYSICIAN POYANIL HOSPITAL, KOZHENCHERY 20 Dr. ABRAHAM MAMMEN PAEDIATRIC SURGEON M.O.S.C. HOSPITAL, KOLENCHERRY 21 Dr. ABRAHAM MAMMEN SR. CONSULTANT TIRUVALLA MEDICAL MISSION HOSPITAL, TIRUVALLA 22 Dr. ABRAHAM MARIAMMA SR. CONSULTANT MOSC MEDICAL MISSION HOSPITA,KOLENCHERRY 23 Dr. ABRAHAM MATHEW, MBBS,MS SGM HOSPITAL, PARUMALA 24 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Semiotic Analysis of Political Cartoons in Malayalam Newspapers During the 2016 Assembly Election
    A Semiotic Analysis of Political Cartoons in Malayalam Newspapers during the 2016 Assembly Election A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy In Media studies by Carmel Maria Jose (Reg.1730011) Under the Supervision of Pradeep Thomas J.A Assistant professor Department of Media studies CHRIST (Deemed to be University) BENGALURU, INDIA June 2019 Approval of Dissertation Dissertation entitled “A semiotic analysis of Political cartoons in Malayalam newspapers during the 2016 Assembly Election” by Carmel Maria Jose, Register Number 1730011 is approved for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy in Media studies. Supervisor: ______________________________________ Chairman: ______________________________________ General Research Coordinator: ______________________________________ Date: …………………….. Place: Bengaluru ii DECLARATION I, Carmel Maria Jose, hereby declare that the dissertation, titled “A semiotic analysis of political cartoons in Malayalam newspapers during the 2016 Assembly Election” is a record of original research work undertaken by me for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy in Media Studies. I have completed this study under the supervision of Dr. Pradeep Thomas J.A, Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other title. I hereby confirm the originality of the work and that there is no plagiarism in any part of the dissertation. Place: Bengaluru Date: ………………… Carmel Maria Jose Reg. No.1730011 Department of Media Studies CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru iii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation submitted by Carmel Maria Jose (Reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Modi in the Age of Rage the Art of Thriving in Adversity by S Prasannarajan
    THE RISE OF NIKKI HALEY IT’S COOL TO BE A SARPANCH AR RAHMAN IN CONVERSATION THE COMMUNIST WHO SURVIVED COMMUNISM THE DAY OF THE JACKET www.openthemagazine.com 12 DECEMBER 2016 / RS 40 Modi in the Age of Rage THE ART OF THRIVING IN ADVERSITY By S Prasannarajan CONTENTS 12 DECEMBER 2016 5 46 OPEN DIARY THE DAY OF THE JACKET By Swapan Dasgupta Coats maketh the man, and choices are plenty for cool gents as the season for dressing up sets in By Aekta Kapoor 6 12 LOCOMOTIF 40 The Editor of Ideas 52 By S Prasannarajan ‘IF I STOP SEARCHING FOR SOMETHING NEW I WOULD DIE OF BOREDOM’ 12 AR Rahman in conversation By Divya Unny FAREWELL FIDEL The Communist who made history after the end of history 55 By Sunanda K Datta-Ray BREAKING FREE ON THE BEACH Indie goes mainstream at the 10th Film Bazaar in Goa 16 By Divya Unny MODI IN THE AGE OF RAGE 16 The art of thriving in adversity 58 By S Prasannarajan DANCING WITH ZADIE SMITH Family, friendship and identity—one of English fiction’s 24 most celebrated young writers returns to familiar turf 58 CAN INDIA GO CASHLESS? By Nandini Nair The possibilities and pitfalls of a digital economy By Siddharth Singh 64 TONIGHT I CAN WRITE THE SADDEST LINES 26 52 When poets translate each other THE 311 PROBLEM By Madhavankutty Pillai The bureaucracy can’t be left 26 46 out in the war on black money By Bharat Karnad 66 NOT PEOPLE LIKE US Dutt’s the Way 28 36 40 By Rajeev Masand IT TAKES A VILLAGE HALEY’S COMET INDIA FASTER TO REDEFINE POWER South Carolina Governor THAN EVER It’s quite cool for some Nikki Haley is set
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Usa 1987 2 4/27/1992 2 Gwinn Robert P(Director) Britannica : Guide to the Britannica Reference Usa 1985 3 4/27/1992 3 Gwinu , Robert
    S.No. ENTRY_DT ACC_NO AUTHOR TITLE_BOOK SUBJECT PUBLISHER PLACE YEAR 1 4/27/1992 1 DAMPHNE & OTHERS(EDITORS) ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA 1987 REFERENCE USA 1987 2 4/27/1992 2 GWINN ROBERT P(DIRECTOR) BRITANNICA : GUIDE TO THE BRITANNICA REFERENCE USA 1985 3 4/27/1992 3 GWINU , ROBERT. P BRITANNICA : INDEX A-K REFERENCE U.S.A 1986 4 4/27/1992 4 GWINU, ROBERT.P.(DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRIATANNI REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 5 4/27/1992 5 MC HENRY, ROBERT (DIRECTOR) 1986 BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 6 4/27/1992 6 GWINN, ROBERT.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 7 4/27/1992 7 GWINN, ROBERT.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 8 4/27/1992 8 GWINN, R.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 9 4/27/1992 9 GWINN, R.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 10 4/27/1992 10 GWINN, R.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 11 4/27/1992 11 GWINN, R.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 12 4/27/1992 12 GWINN, R.P.(DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 13 4/27/1992 13 GWINN, R.P.(DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 14 4/27/1992 14 GWUBB, R.P. (DIRECTOR) THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA REFERENCE U.S.A. 1986 15 4/27/1992 15 GWINN, R.P.
    [Show full text]