RESEARCH ARTICLE 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 exert distinct effects on human skeletal muscle function and gene expression Zaki K. Hassan-Smith1,2,3, Carl Jenkinson1, David J. Smith1,4, Ivan Hernandez1, Stuart A. Morgan1, Nicola J. Crabtree5, Neil J. Gittoes2,3, Brian G. Keevil6, Paul M. Stewart7, Martin Hewison1,2* a1111111111 1 Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2 Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United a1111111111 Kingdom, 3 Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United a1111111111 Kingdom, 4 School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 5 Department a1111111111 of Nuclear Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 6 Department of a1111111111 Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 7 Faculty of Medicine and Health, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom *
[email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Hassan-Smith ZK, Jenkinson C, Smith Abstract DJ, Hernandez I, Morgan SA, Crabtree NJ, et al. (2017) 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25- Age-associated decline in muscle function represents a significant public health burden. dihydroxyvitamin D3 exert distinct effects on human skeletal muscle function and gene Vitamin D-deficiency is also prevalent in aging subjects, and has been linked to loss of mus- expression. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0170665. cle mass and strength (sarcopenia), but the precise role of specific vitamin D metabolites in doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170665 determining muscle phenotype and function is still unclear.