Recent European Drought Extremes Beyond Common Era Background Variability
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Name: Teacher
Name: Teacher: Key Words There are many key words in History!! In the word search below are some of the ore common words. Try to find them, then see which words you can define (you can us a dictionary or the internet to help you). H A P P E N C W V C S M Q B I Y I J Y R O T S I H W Y M S Y K O V Q D T D N D E N E T I M E L I N E B A A B F U O L W C E G F V T R X Y N R R E M Y O R C E T Z T W E K I N P L A C E Y H H Q T U Y A H L U V Y U Y X E Y J S G N K E G U I T C L K T U O J N I F H O R V P M H I B T Y O E N C H R O N O L O G Y P W B Q E U E V D O E O H O S F W D I P C S P W P B M A W HISTORIAN ________________________________________________________ PAST______________________________________________________________ TIMELINE__________________________________________________________ EVENT_____________________________________________________________ YEAR______________________________________________________________ DATE______________________________________________________________ MONTH____________________________________________________________ AGO_______________________________________________________________ CHRONOLOGY_______________________________________________________ HISTORY___________________________________________________________ PLACE______________________________________________________________ HAPPEN____________________________________________________________ How is time divided up? Put the following words in order, from the shortest to the longest. Century Hour Second Decade Year Week Month Millennium Day Minute Draw a line to match the words below to their definition: Decade 100 years Century 1000 years Week 10 Years Millennium 365 days Year 7 Days Why do you think that knowing this is important for history? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ What are BC, BCE, AD and CE? Historians often talk about years as being BC or BCE and AD or CE. -
Literaturverweise
Literaturverweise Statt eines Vorworts: Das Corona-Experiment 1. Le Quéré, C., Jackson, R. B., Jones, M. W., Smith, A. J. P., Abernethy, S., Andrew, R. M., De-Gol, A. J., Willis, D. R., Shan, Y., Canadell, J. G., Friedlingstein, P., Creutzig, F., Peters, G. P. (2020): Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement: Nature Climate Change 10 (7), 647-653. 2. Myllyvirta, L. (2020): Coronavirus temporarily reduced China’s CO2 emissions by a quarter. Carbon Brief https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has- temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter 3. Spencer, R.(2020): Why the current Economics slowdown won’t show up in the atmospheric record, https://www.drroyspencer.com/2020/05/why-the-current- economic-slowdown-wont-show-up-in-the-atmospheric-co2-record/ 4. Die Abbauzeit (Lebensdauer) des CO2 ist die Zeit , in der die Konzentration auf ein 1/e (0,3679) des Ausgangswerts gesunken ist. Sie wird berechnet als Quotient des zum Gleichgewicht von 280 ppm hinzugefügten CO2 durch die Größe des Abbaus. 1959 waren das 34 ppm : 0,64 ppm = 55 Jahre. 2019 sind das 130 ppm : 2,6 ppm =50 Jahre. Die Umrechnung in einen Abbau von 50 % (Halbwertszeit) gelingt durch Multiplikation dieser Abbauzeiten mit ln2 = 0,6931. Das sind dann 1959 38 Jahre und 2019 34,7 Jahre. 5. Haverd, V., Smith, B., Canadell, J. G., Cuntz, M., Mikaloff-Fletcher, S., Farquhar, G., Woodgate, W., Briggs, P. R., Trudinger, C. M. (2020): Higher than expected CO2 fertilization inferred from leaf to global observations: Global Change Biology 26 (4), 2390-2402. -
GSIS Newsletter Will Be Published Quarterly, in March, June, September, and December by the Geoscience Information Society
Number 256, December, 2012 ISSN: 0046-5801 CONTENTS Presidents Column…………………………………………………………. 1 Open access publication opportunities for geoscientists……………….. 13 Geoscience Information Society 2012 Officers……………………………. 2 Annual meeting pictures……………………………………………….. 18 Member updates……………………………………………………………. 3 GeoScienceWorld Unveils Open, Map-Based Discovery Prototype…... 20 Greetings from Australia…………………………………………………... 3 Auditor’s Report for 2010……………………………………………… 21 Geoscience journal prices………………………………………………….. 5 Issue to watch: AGU partners with Wiley-Blackwell………………….. 21 GSIS Publications List…………………………………………………. 22 President's Column By Linda Zellmer Now that we have all returned from the meeting the past year: in Charlotte and (in the case of the members in the United States) eaten our Thanksgiving • April Love and Cynthia Prosser - for setting Dinners, we are probably making our lists for up the GSIS Exhibit holiday gifts. While I do not have any gifts to • Clara McLeod - for coordinating Geoscience give out, I would like to take the opportunity to Librarianship 101 (GL 101). offer my heartfelt appreciation to all of the • Amanda Bielskas – for teaching the people who have contributed to the efforts of Collection Development portion of GL 101. Geoscience Information Society during the past • Hannah Winkler - for teaching the year and our recent meeting. Reference Services portion of GL101. • Megan Sapp-Nelson – for developing a presentation on Library Instruction for the We had 5 sponsors for our meeting who Earth Sciences that I presented for her at GL provided funding to help defray the costs of the 101. meeting. They include: American Association of • Adonna Fleming – for helping with publicity Petroleum Geologists, Geoscience World, for GL 101. Gemological Institute of America, Geological • Jan Heagy – for developing certificates of Society of London and Elsevier. -
Data-Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era
manuscript submitted to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 1 Data-Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era 2 A. R. Atwood1*, D. S. Battisti2, E. Wu2, D. M. W. Frierson2, J. P. Sachs3 3 1Florida State University, Dept. of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, FL, USA 4 2University of Washington, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 5 3University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 6 7 Corresponding author: Alyssa Atwood ([email protected]) 8 9 Key Points: 10 • A synthesis of 67 tropical hydroclimate records from 55 sites indicate several regionally- 11 coherent patterns of change during the Common Era 12 • Robust patterns include a regional drying event from 800-1000 CE and a range of tropical 13 hydroclimate changes ~1400-1700 CE 14 • Poor agreement between the centennial-scale changes in the reconstructions and transient 15 model simulations of the last millennium 16 manuscript submitted to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 17 Abstract 18 We examine the evidence for large-scale tropical hydroclimate changes over the Common Era 19 based on a compilation of 67 tropical hydroclimate records from 55 sites and assess the 20 consistency between the reconstructed hydroclimate changes and those simulated by transient 21 model simulations of the last millennium. Our synthesis of the proxy records reveal several 22 regionally-coherent patterns on centennial timescales. From 800-1000 CE, records from the 23 eastern Pacific and northern Mesoamerica indicate a pronounced drying event relative to 24 background conditions of the Common Era. In addition, 1400-1700 CE is marked by pronounced 25 hydroclimate changes across the tropics, including an inferred strengthening of the South 26 American summer monsoon, weakened Asian summer monsoons, and fresher conditions in the 27 Maritime Continent. -
List Stranica 1 Od
list product_i ISSN Primary Scheduled Vol Single Issues Title Format ISSN print Imprint Vols Qty Open Access Option Comment d electronic Language Nos per volume Available in electronic format 3 Biotech E OA C 13205 2190-5738 Springer English 1 7 3 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format 3D Printing in Medicine E OA C 41205 2365-6271 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. 3D Display Research Center, Available in electronic format 3D Research E C 13319 2092-6731 English 1 8 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) co-published only. with Springer New Start, content expected in 3D-Printed Materials and Systems E OA C 40861 2363-8389 Springer English 1 2 1 Fully Open Access 2016. Available in electronic format only. Open Access. 4OR PE OF 10288 1619-4500 1614-2411 Springer English 1 15 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Available in electronic format The AAPS Journal E OF S 12248 1550-7416 Springer English 1 19 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Available in electronic format AAPS Open E OA S C 41120 2364-9534 Springer English 1 3 1 Fully Open Access only. Open Access. Available in electronic format AAPS PharmSciTech E OF S 12249 1530-9932 Springer English 1 18 8 Hybrid (Open Choice) only. Abdominal Radiology PE OF S 261 2366-004X 2366-0058 Springer English 1 42 12 Hybrid (Open Choice) Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der PE OF S 12188 0025-5858 1865-8784 Springer English 1 87 2 Universität Hamburg Academic Psychiatry PE OF S 40596 1042-9670 1545-7230 Springer English 1 41 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Academic Questions PE OF 12129 0895-4852 1936-4709 Springer English 1 30 4 Hybrid (Open Choice) Accreditation and Quality PE OF S 769 0949-1775 1432-0517 Springer English 1 22 6 Hybrid (Open Choice) Assurance MAIK Acoustical Physics PE 11441 1063-7710 1562-6865 English 1 63 6 Russian Library of Science. -
How Long Is a Year.Pdf
How Long Is A Year? Dr. Bryan Mendez Space Sciences Laboratory UC Berkeley Keeping Time The basic unit of time is a Day. Different starting points: • Sunrise, • Noon, • Sunset, • Midnight tied to the Sun’s motion. Universal Time uses midnight as the starting point of a day. Length: sunrise to sunrise, sunset to sunset? Day Noon to noon – The seasonal motion of the Sun changes its rise and set times, so sunrise to sunrise would be a variable measure. Noon to noon is far more constant. Noon: time of the Sun’s transit of the meridian Stellarium View and measure a day Day Aday is caused by Earth’s motion: spinning on an axis and orbiting around the Sun. Earth’s spin is very regular (daily variations on the order of a few milliseconds, due to internal rearrangement of Earth’s mass and external gravitational forces primarily from the Moon and Sun). Synodic Day Noon to noon = synodic or solar day (point 1 to 3). This is not the time for one complete spin of Earth (1 to 2). Because Earth also orbits at the same time as it is spinning, it takes a little extra time for the Sun to come back to noon after one complete spin. Because the orbit is elliptical, when Earth is closest to the Sun it is moving faster, and it takes longer to bring the Sun back around to noon. When Earth is farther it moves slower and it takes less time to rotate the Sun back to noon. Mean Solar Day is an average of the amount time it takes to go from noon to noon throughout an orbit = 24 Hours Real solar day varies by up to 30 seconds depending on the time of year. -
Common Era Sea-Level Budgets Along the U.S. Atlantic Coast ✉ Jennifer S
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22079-2 OPEN Common Era sea-level budgets along the U.S. Atlantic coast ✉ Jennifer S. Walker 1,2 , Robert E. Kopp 1,2, Timothy A. Shaw 3, Niamh Cahill 4, Nicole S. Khan5, Donald C. Barber 6, Erica L. Ashe 1,2, Matthew J. Brain7, Jennifer L. Clear8, D. Reide Corbett 9 & Benjamin P. Horton 3,10 Sea-level budgets account for the contributions of processes driving sea-level change, but are 1234567890():,; predominantly focused on global-mean sea level and limited to the 20th and 21st centuries. Here we estimate site-specific sea-level budgets along the U.S. Atlantic coast during the Common Era (0–2000 CE) by separating relative sea-level (RSL) records into process- related signals on different spatial scales. Regional-scale, temporally linear processes driven by glacial isostatic adjustment dominate RSL change and exhibit a spatial gradient, with fastest rates of rise in southern New Jersey (1.6 ± 0.02 mm yr−1). Regional and local, temporally non-linear processes, such as ocean/atmosphere dynamics and groundwater withdrawal, contributed between −0.3 and 0.4 mm yr−1 over centennial timescales. The most significant change in the budgets is the increasing influence of the common global signal due to ice melt and thermal expansion since 1800 CE, which became a dominant contributor to RSL with a 20th century rate of 1.3 ± 0.1 mm yr−1. 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 2 Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. -
Article Preparation Guide: Nature Geoscience Step 1 Read Aims and Scope of the Journal Very Well
5th International Conference of Geological Engineering Faculty Article Preparation Guidelines Article Preparation Guide: Nature Geoscience Step 1 Read aims and scope of the journal very well. Below description is explaining aims and scope of the journal which is also available at https://www.nature.com/ngeo/about/aims Aims and Scope Nature Geoscience is a monthly multi-disciplinary journal aimed at bringing together top-quality research across the entire spectrum of the Earth Sciences along with relevant work in related areas. The journal's content reflects all the disciplines within the geosciences, encompassing field work, modelling and theoretical studies. Topics covered in the journal Atmospheric science Biogeochemistry Climate science Geobiology Geochemistry Geoinformatics and remote sensing Geology Geomagnetism and palaeomagnetism Geomorphology Geophysics Glaciology Hydrology and limnology Mineralogy and mineral physics Oceanography Palaeontology Palaeoclimatology and palaeoceanography Petrology Planetary science Seismology Space physics Tectonics Volcanology Nature Geoscience is committed to publishing significant, high-quality research in the Earth Sciences through a fair, rapid and rigorous peer review process that is overseen by a team of full- time professional editors. 5th International Conference of Geological Engineering Faculty Article Preparation Guidelines In addition to publishing primary research, Nature Geoscience provides an overview of the most important developments in the Earth Sciences through the publication of Review Articles, News and Views, Research Highlights, Commentaries and reviews of relevant books and arts events. Step 2 If your paper is matching with these guidelines, go on to check the Preparing for Submission available at; https://www.nature.com/ngeo/for-authors/preparing-your-submission This section contains how you should format the paper according to the journal’s requirements. -
Brévière, E. and the SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee (Eds.) (2016): SOLAS 2015- 2025: Science Plan and Organisation
SOLAS 2015-2025 Science Plan and Organisation Linking Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions with Climate and People Citation This document should be cited as follow: Brévière, E. and the SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee (eds.) (2016): SOLAS 2015- 2025: Science Plan and Organisation. SOLAS International Project Office, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 76 pp. Front Cover Images Left: View of the air-sea interface seen from 1m below under very calm conditions. Small- scale capillary waves are visible in the brightest part of the image. Photo: Brian Ward, taken during the STRASSE/SPURS campaign in the sub-tropical North Atlantic in Sep- tember 2012. Right: In this Envisat image, a phytoplankton bloom swirls a figure-of-eight in the South Atlantic Ocean about 600 km east of the Falkland Islands. Photo: ESA Back Cover Images Left: Envisat captures dust and sand from the Algerian Sahara Desert, located in north- ern Africa, blowing west across the Atlantic Ocean. Photo credit: ESA Right: Each year, the Arctic Ocean experiences the formation and then melting of vast amounts of ice that floats on the sea surface. Photo credit: USGS/ESA Publication Details Editors: Emilie Brévière and the SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee Design/Production: Erika MacKay, Katharina Bading, Stefan Kontradowitz, Juergen Weichselgartner Copies of this document can be downloaded from the SOLAS website. SOLAS International Project Office GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Duesternbrooker Weg 20 24105 Kiel, Germany URL: http://www.solas-int.org -
Answer Key Sample Timeline
HISTORY OF FOOD | ANSWER KEY SAMPLE TIMELINE 150,000–11,000 BCE: Pre-agriculture 6000–3000 BCE: Dawn of early civilizations 1600s–1800s: Global agricultural evolution Early humans acquired food by hunting wild Agriculture provided more calories per acre and Food plants imported from the Americas spread animals and gathering from wild plants. tied people to places. across the globe; improved nutrition helped Diets were high in fruits, vegetables, lean protein Densely populated settlements evolved into reduce disease. and healthy fats. towns, then cities. Refrigerated transport, improved processing and preservation techniques and growing distribution People may have lived into their 70s. People become free to pursue interests other than farming. networks allowed farmers to ship their surplus There were no signs of the diet-related chronic goods over greater distances. illnesses that are common today. The rise of political elites created social inequalities. Favorable climate and fertile soils allowed American farmers to produce enough surplus grain, and eventually meat, to supply much of Europe. 150 ,000 BCE 11 ,000 9000 7000 5000 3000 1000 BCE 1000 CE Prehistory Before Common Era Common Era 11,000–5000 BCE: 6000 BCE–present: Cycles of boom and bust 1800s–present: Global transition to agriculture Industrialization of the U.S. food system Increases in food production competed against population 11,000 BCE: Agriculture appeared in the growth, resource degradation, changing climate, droughts, Early 1900s: Synthetic fertilizer was invented. Fertile Crescent. and other drivers of famine. Farmers became more dependent on chemical 6000 BCE: Most farm animals had become The decline of Sumer, Greece, Rome and other ancient and fossil fuel inputs. -
Policy Documents As Sources for Measuring Societal Impact
Accepted for publication in Scientometrics Policy documents as sources for measuring societal impact: How often is climate change research mentioned in policy-related documents? Lutz Bornmann*, Robin Haunschild**, and Werner Marx** *Division for Science and Innovation Studies Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] **Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Abstract In the current UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) societal impact measurements are inherent parts of the national evaluation systems. In this study, we deal with a relatively new form of societal impact measurements. Recently, Altmetric – a start-up providing publication level metrics – started to make data for publications available which have been mentioned in policy documents. We regard this data source as an interesting possibility to specifically measure the (societal) impact of research. Using a comprehensive dataset with publications on climate change as an example, we study the usefulness of the new data source for impact measurement. Only 1.2% (n=2,341) out of 191,276 publications on climate change in the dataset have at least one policy mention. We further reveal that papers published in Nature and Science as well as from the areas “Earth and related environmental sciences” and “Social and economic geography” are especially relevant in the policy context. Given the low coverage of the climate change literature in policy documents, this study can be only a first attempt to study this new source of altmetric data. Further empirical studies are necessary in upcoming years, because mentions in policy documents are of special interest in the use of altmetric data for measuring target-oriented the broader impact of research. -
Dionysius Exiguus Name: Date
Name: Date: Numbering Years Ancient calendars were generally based on the calendar, this is AD 622. Most of 2013 is part of the beginning of a ruler's reign. For example, a certain Islamic year AH1434. AH is a Latin phrase that can year would be identified as the third be translated as “the year of the journey.” year of Hammurabi’s rule. The Hebrew calendar is used for Jewish religious Most people today use the services. The Hebrew year 5774 began at sunset on Western calendar (also known as September 4, 2013. Years are marked AM on the the Gregorian calendar) for Hebrew calendar for a Latin phrase that means “the everyday purposes. About AD525, beginning of the world.” a Christian monk named Dionysius Exiguus The Chinese calendar is used for festivals and marked the year Christ was born as 1. The Western holidays in many East Asian nations. In the Chinese calendar tells us we live in 2013, which is sometimes calendar, most of 2013 is known as the Year of the written AD 2013. AD refers to the anno Domini, a Snake. Latin phrase that means “the year of the Lord.” On Western calendars there are ten years in a The years before the birth of Christ are numbered decade, one hundred years in a century, and one backward from his birth. The year before AD 1 was 1 thousand years in a millennium. This is considered BC, or one year “before Christ.” the twenty-first century of the When referring to dates before Dionysius Exiguus Common Era.