Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi LA Shuttleworth,

ECY Liew & DI Guest, sp. nov. SEPT12 al. 2008; Shuttleworth et al. 2012). reported as occurring in ZealandNew (Sogonov et Shuttleworth et al. 2012). It has also been chestnuts in Italy (Tamietti et al. 2010; an endophyte and associated with rotten (Dar &Rai 2011), and has been documented as been isolatedfrom chestnut blight cankers in India present inand NSW VIC. Distribution: chestnut rot symptoms at fruit maturity. development phase of the chestnut, causing was found to liveas an endophyte throughout the release. After the floral infection, temperature, and affect windlikely ascospore factors such as rainfall, relative humidity, frequency between 7 smithogilvyi Volumetric Spore orchard inCreek MullionNSW witha Burkard dead burrs. An experiment wasconducted at an flowers during summer after being released from ascospores of ThePathogen: Shuttleworth et al. 2012). endophyte from asymptomatic flowers, leaves, stems and developingfruit (Shuttleworth 2012; form as a saprobe deadon burrs and branches of organism most frequently isolatedfrom rotten chestnut kernels, wasoverwintered in its teleomorph hilum end, sides of the kernel, or a combination of these. and embryo of the chestnut. The lesionsoccur as spotting, or witha clear margin at the stylar end, Symptoms of chestnut rot occur as pale, medium and dark brown lesions occurring on the endosperm Classification Disease Scale: 200 burr tissue; ascicontaining ascospores; chestnut flowers; kernel with chestnut rot symptoms. Photos. L to R [email protected] Author: of Sydney,Faculty Agriculture of and Environment. Shuttleworth (2012) LA Theand management biology of rot chestnut in south Further Reading:

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were captured with the highest , , 10 In In Australia, G. G. smithogilvyi :

Chestnut orchard, Benambra, VIC; dead burr; perithecia immersed and erumpent in Shuttleworth Shuttleworth LA, LiewGuest ECY,DI (2012) Shuttleworth (2012) found that - F: . Chestnut rot µ K: Eumycota, D: , C: , O: , Trap. Trap. Ascospores of m. m. Allimages L.A. Shuttleworth. - 9am 9am and 8 KeyContact:

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Gnomoniopsis Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi infection. infection. flowering times and reduce the risk of floral of varietiesis recommended to spread out the over top of burrs are options. Growing a range or the placement of a layerof organic mulch key to chestnut rot management. Burr removal Detection and control: $5.2 (Shuttleworthmillion 2012). losses to the Australian chestnut industry of Impact: Zealand (Sogonov et al. 2008). and and Italy (Tamietti et al. 2010; Dar &Rai 2011), was also reported occuring on Purton’s Prideand RedSpanish. The species the chestnut varieties DecoppiMarone, of surveyed across NSW and VIC. The perithecia Chestnut rot was present in all22 orchards and on dead burrs and branches of perithecia of Host Range: G. G. smithogilvyi Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi C. crenata Castanea crenata x sp. ( – In In 2010, the disease caused estimated

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