uddeholm VANADIS 4 EXTRA VANADIS 4 EXTRA

REFERENCE STANDARD

AISI DIN JIS

DF-2 ARNE O1 1.2510 SKS 3

DF-3 O1 1.2510 SKS 3

XW-5 SVERKER 3 D6 (D3) (1.2436) (SKD 2)

XW-10 RIGOR A2 1.2363 SKD 12

XW-41 D2 1.2379 SKD 11

XW-42 D2 1.2379 SKD 11

CARMO CARMO

CALMAX CALMAX

CALDIE

ASSAB 88 SLEIPNER

ASP 23 VANADIS 23 (M3:2) 1.3344 SKH 53

ASP 30 VANADIS 30 M3:2 + Co 1.3244 SKH 40

ASP 60 VANADIS 60 1.3241

VANADIS 4 EXTRA VANADIS 4 EXTRA

VANADIS 6 VANADIS 6

VANADIS 10 VANADIS 10

VACRON 40 VANCRON 40

618 P20 Mod. 1.2738

618 HH P20 Mod. 1.2738

618 T P20 Mod. 1.2738 Mod.

718 SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME P20 Mod. 1.2738

718 HH IMPAX HH P20 Mod. 1.2738

NIMAX NIMAX

UNIMAX UNIMAX

CORRAX CORRAX

STAVAX ESR STAVAX ESR 420 Mod. 1.2083 ESR SUS 420J2

MIRRAX ESR MIRRAX ESR 420 Mod.

POLMAX POLMAX

ELMAX ELMAX

RAMAX LH RAMAX LH 420 F Mod.

RAMAX HH RAMAX HH 420 F Mod.

ROYALLOY

PRODAX

PT18 MOLDMAX SC

MMXL MOLDMAX XL

MM40 MOLDMAX HH

ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14 1.2714 SKT 4

8407 2M ORVAR 2M H13 1.2344 SKD 61

8407 SUPREME ORVAR SUPREME H13 Premium 1.2344 ESR SKD 61

DIEVAR DIEVAR

HOTVAR HOTVAR

QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME

705 4340 1.6582 SNCM8

709 4140 1.7225 SCM4

760 1050 1.1730 S50C

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose.

Edition 080929

2 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

VANADIS 4 EXTRA

CONSISTENT TOOL PERFORMANCE with LONG AND RELIABLE TOOL LIFE With an increased demand for just-in-time (JIT) deliveries and shorter lead time, it is of utmost importance that the tool life is predictable and with a long and reliable performance. Good performance is also necessary in order to reduce your down time and cost for tool maintenance, as well as to optimise machine utilisation. Such reduction and optimisation lead to an optimal tooling economy and a competitive production cost.

Vanadis 4 Extra offers an extremely good combination of ductility and wear resistance (abrasive, adhesive and mixed) for high performance tools. This makes it possible for consistent tool performance for demanding cold work applications such as blanking and forming of austenitic stainless steels and advanced high strength steels (AHSS). In such demanding applications, a combination of wear resistance is needed in combination with resistance to chipping and cracking for long production runs, with less tooling maintenance.

MACHINABILITY The tool making process is a very important link in the tooling sequence. In order to achieve a long and reliable tool performance, the quality of the tool in terms of surface finish is extremely important. Vanadis 4 Extra offers a very good machinability and grindability compared with other highly alloyed powder metallurgical tool steels, resulting in better surface finish and an excellent tool quality. This is due to the well balanced chemistry of Vanadis 4 Extra and the SuperClean process that is utilised for its production.

3 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Critical properties General

For good tool performance Vanadis 4 Extra is a --vanadium alloyed steel which is characterised by: Correct hardness for the application High wear resistance Very good ductility High ductility High abrasive-adhesive wear resistance High compressive strength High wear resistance is often associated with low ductility Good dimensional stability during heat treatment and and vice-versa. However, in many cases for optimal tool in service performance, both high wear resistance and ductility are essential. Very good through-hardening properties Good temper back resistance Vanadis 4 Extra is a powder metallurgical cold work tool Good machinability and grindability steel offering an extremely good combination of wear resistance and ductility for high performance tools. C Si Mn Cr Mo V Typical analysis % 1.4 0.4 0.4 4.7 3.5 3.7 For toolmaking Standard spec. None Machinability

Heat treatment Delivery condition Soft annealed to approx. 230 HB Dimensional stability during heat treatment Colour code Green / White with black line across Toolmaking with highly alloyed tool steels has traditionally created problems with machining and heat treatment when compared with lower alloyed grades, this then often leads to increased toolmaking costs. Applications

Due to our carefully balanced alloying and the powder Vanadis 4 Extra is especially suitable for applications metallurgical manufacturing process, Vanadis 4 Extra has where adhesive wear and/or chipping are the dominant better machinability than the tool steel grade AISI D2. failure mechanisms. For examples:

One major advantage with Vanadis 4 Extra is that the with soft/adherent work materials such as austenitic dimensional stability after hardening and tempering is , mild steel, and aluminium much better than for all known high performance cold with thicker work materials work tool steels. This means that Vanadis 4 Extra is a high strength work materials tool steel which is very suitable for CVD coating. Vanadis 4 Extra is also very suitable for blanking and forming of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheets. These materials place high demands on the tool steel regarding abrasive wear resistance and ductility.

Roof bow Roof rail

C-pillar

A-pillar

Front side member

B-pillar

Cross member

Door beams Bumper reinforcement

Vanadis 4 Extra is very suitable for blanking and forming Ultra High Strength Steel Sheets into automotive structural parts.

4 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Typical applications Blanking and forming Fine blanking Cold extrusion tooling Powder pressing Deep drawing Substrate steel for surface coating

Properties

Physical DATA SKD11 / AISI D2 / WNr. 1.2379 (57 HRC) Hardened and tempered to 60 HRC.

Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C

Density 7 700 - - kg/m3

Modulus of elasticity 206 000 200 000 185 000 MPa

Coefficient of thermal expansion - 10.9 x 10-6 11.7 x 10-6 per °C from 20°C

Thermal conductivity - 30 30 W/m °C ASSAB 88 (61 HRC) Specific heat 460 - - J/kg °C

Impact strength Approximate room temperature unotched impact strength as a function of hardness is shown below. Original bar dimension: Ø 105 mm, samples are taken from the centre and tested in the transverse direction. Specimen size: 7 x 10 x 55 mm unnotched

Hardened between 940°C and 1150°C. Holding time 30 minutes up to 1100°C, over 1100°C 15 minutes. Quenched in air. Tempered 2 x 2h between 525°C and 570°C. VANADIS 4 (59 HRC) Unotched impact strength (ductility) The difference in ductility between Vanadis 4 Extra and AISI D2 at different hardness levels.

Unnotched impact energy, J 100 9 0 80 VANADIS 4 EXTRA 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 AISI D2 • 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 VANADIS 4 EXTRA (62 HRC) Hardness, HRC Punches used for blanking 1.8 mm thick high strength steels (1200 MPa), after 50,000 press strokes.

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HARDNESS AND RETAINED AS A FUNCTION OF AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE

Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, % 68 50

66 Hardness 40 64 30 62

60 20 Retained austenite 58 10 56

54 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140°C Austenitising temperature VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Heat treatment

Soft annealing Tempering Protect the steel and heat through to 900°C. Cool in The tempering temperature can be selected according the furnace at 10°C per hour to 750°C, then freely in air. to the hardness required by reference to the tempering graphs below. Stress relieving Temper at least twice with intermediate cooling to After rough machining, the tool should be heated through room temperature. The lowest tempering temperature to 650°C, holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C, which should be used is 525°C. The minimum holding then freely in air. time at temperature is 2 hours.

In order not to reduce the toughness, do not temper Hardening below 525°C. Preheating temperature: 600–700°C. To avoid a high content of retained austenite, choose a Austenitising temperature: 940–1150°C. Normally tempering temperature over 525°C. 1020°C. For large sections >70 mm, use 1060°C. Holding time: 30 min. up to 1100°C, 15 min. above 1100°C. Holding time = time at hardening temperature after the tool is fully heated through. A holding time that is less Tempering graphs TEMPERING GRAPH than the recommendation mentioned above, will result TEMPERING GRAPH in loss of hardness. Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, % Ha66rdness, HRC Retained austenite, % 66 Protect the part against decarburisation and oxidation during 64 64 1020°C hardening. 62 1020°C 62 Unnotched impact energy, J 60 100 35 Quenching media 60 35 9 0 58 980°C 58 980°C 30 80 Vacuum (high speedVANADIS gas at sufficient4 EXTRA overpressure) 56 30 70 56 25 Martempering bath or fluidised bed at 500–550°C 54 940°C 25 60 54 940°C 20 50 Martempering bath or fluidised bed at 200–350°C 52 20 52 15 40 50 15 Note30 1: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature 50 Retained austenite 10 48 Retain102ed 0°Caustenite 10 reaches20 50–70°C. 48 46 1020°C 5 10 AISI D2 Note 2: In order to obtain the• optimum properties for 46 5 the 54 tool, 55 the 56 cooling 57 58 rate 59 should 60 be61 as 62 fast 63as possible 64 65 66 400 450 500 550 600°C while maintaining an acceptableHardness, H levelRC of distortion. 400 450 500 550 600°C Tempering temperature (2 x 2h) Note 3: Martempering should be followed by forced air Tempering temperature (2 x 2h) cooling if wall thickness exceeds 70 mm.

Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, % Ha66rdness, HRC Retained austenite, % Hardness and retained austenite as a function of 66 1150°C HARDNESS AND RETAINED AUSTENITE AS A FUNCTION austenising temperature 64 1150°C OF AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 64 62 Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, % 62 60 50 35 68 60 1100°C 58 35 1100°C 30 66 Hardness 58 40 56 1060°C 30 25 56 1060°C 64 54 25 30 54 20 62 52 20 52 Retained austenite 15 60 50 20 Retain110ed 0°Caustenite 15 Retained austenite 50 10 58 48 1100°C 48 10 10 46 5 56 46 5 54 400 450 500 550 600°C 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140°C 400 450 500 550 600°C Tempering temperature (2 x 2h) Austenitising temperature Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)

6 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Dimensional changes Sub-zero treatment Dimensional changes have been measured after Pieces requiring maximum dimensional stability can be hardening and tempering. sub-zero treated as follows: Austenitising: 1020°C/30 min., cooling in vacuum furnace at 1.1°C/s between 800°C and 500°C It is recommended that immediately after quenching, the piece is sub-zero treated to between -120 and -150°C, Tempering: 2 x 2 h at various temperatures soaking time 3–4 hours, followed by tempering. Sample size: 80 x 80 x 80 mm The tempering temperature should be lowered 25°C in order to get the desired hardness when a high temperature temper is performed. DIMENSIONALDimensional CHANGESchanges asDURIN functionG HARDENING of tempering ANDtemperatureTEMPERING IN LENGTH, WIDTH AND THICKNESS DIRECTION Avoid intricate shapes as there will be risk of cracking. Dimensional changes, % 0.12 0.10 Thickness 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 Width -0.01 -0.04 Length -0.06 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 °C The segmented rotary pressure cutting dies are used to cut Tempering temperature paper-based packaging for beverages, cigarettes etc. The combination of high wear resistance and very good dimensional stability of Vanadis 4 Extra after heat treatment made it an ideal choice for making long-life cutting dies, which are manufactured to exacting tolerance to achieve the most CCT graph precise die cuts possible. CCT GRAPH Austenitising tem temperatureperature 1020°C. 1020°C.Holding Holdingtime 30 timeminutes 30. minutes. °C 1100 Austenitising temperature 1020°C Holding time 30 minutes 1000

900 A = 880ºC Cf A = 815ºC 800 CS Carbides Pearlite 700

600 Cooling Hardness T Curve 800–500 No. HV 10 sec 500 1 858 1 400 2 858 53 Bainite 3 858 139 300 4 858 415 200 Ms 5 858 700 Martensite 6 649 2077 100 7 548 3500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 519 7000

1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds

1 10 100 1 000 Minutes

1 10 100 Hours Air cooling of 0.2 1.5 10 90 600 bars, Ø mm

7

TTT GRAPH Austenitising temperature 1020°C. Holding time 30 minutes.

°C 1100 Austenitising temp. 1020°C Holding time 30 min 1000

900 A cf = 880°C Ac 800 s = 815°C Carbides Pearlite 700

600 Temp. Time Hardn. °C hours HV 10 500 750 23.0 240 400 700 3.0 327 650 65.0 322 300 Bainite 600 19.8 835 350 70.9 824 200 300 3.1 548 100 250 19.4 592 Martensite 200 26.2 642

1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds

1 10 100 1 000 Minutes

1 10 100 Hours VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Machining recommendations

The cutting data below are to be considered as guiding Milling values and as starting points for developing your own best practice. Face and square shoulder milling

Condition: Soft annealed condition ~230 HB Milling with carbide Cutting data parameters Rough milling Fine milling Turning

Cutting speed Turning (v ) 110 - 150 150 - 200 Turning with carbide † c Cutting data with HSS m/min parameters Rough Fine Fine Feed (f ) turning turning turning z 0.2 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.2 mm/tooth Cutting speed (v ) 120 - 170 170 - 220 15 - 20 Depth of cut (a ) c p 2 - 4 ≤ 2 m/min mm Carbide Feed (f) K20*, P20* K15*, P15* 0.2 - 0.4 0.05 - 0.2 0.05 - 0.3 designation mm/r Coated carbide Coated carbide ISO Depth of cut (a ) p 2 - 4 0.5 - 2 0.5 - 3 mm * Use a wear-resistant CVD coated carbide grade Carbide designation K20*, P20* K15*, P15* - End milling ISO Type of milling † High speed steel * Use a wear-resistant CVD coated carbide grade Cutting data Carbide Solid High speed parameters indexable carbide steel insert

Cutting speed

(vc) 60 - 80 110 - 160 8 - 12 DRILLING m/min

Feed (f) High speed steel twist drill 0.03 - 0.202 0.08 - 0.202 0.05 - 0.352 mm/tooth

Drill diameter Cutting speed (v ) Feed (f) c Carbide mm m/min mm/r designation - K153 - ISO ≤ 5 12 - 14* 0.05 - 0.15

* 1 For coated HSS end mill, v ~ 18–24 m/min 5 - 10 12 - 14 0.15 - 0.25 c 2 Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter 3 Use a wear-resistant CVD coated carbide grade 10 - 15 12 - 14* 0.25 - 0.30

15 - 20 12 - 14* 0.30 - 0.35 GRINDING Wheel recommendation * For coated HSS drill, vc~ 22–24 m/min

Soft annealed Hardened Type of grinding condition condition Carbide drill Face grinding straight B151 R50 B31 A 46 HV wheel A 46 HV2 Type of drill 2 Cutting data Face grinding segments A 24 GV A 46 FV parameters Indexable Solid Brazed insert carbide carbide1 B151 R75 B31 Cylindrical grinding A 60 KV A 60 KV2 Cutting speed (v ) 140 - 160 80 - 100 50 - 60 B151 R75 B31 c Internal grinding A 60 JV m/min A 60 KV2

Feed (f) B126 R100 B61 0.05 - 0.152 0.10 - 0.252 0.15 - 0.252 Profile grinding A 100 LV mm/r A 80 JV2

1 Drill with interntal cooling channels and brazed tip 1 If possible, use CBN wheels for this application 2 2 Depending on drill diameter Grinding wheels containing ceramic AI203 type is recommended

8 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Machinability Surface treatment

Relative machinability and grindability for AISI D2, Some cold work tool steels are given a surface treatment PM 23 and Vanadis 4 Extra. High value indicates good in order to reduce friction and increase wear resistance. machinability/grindability. The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and surface coating with wear-resistant layers produced via Relative machinability/grindability (1 = worse, 5 = best) PVD and CVD. 5 The high hardness and toughness together with a good dimensional stability makes Vanadis 4 Extra ideal as a 4 substrate steel for various surface coatings.

3 Nitriding Nitriding gives a hard surface layer that is resistant to 2 wear and erosion.

Vanadis 4 Extra is normally high temperature tempered 1 at around 525°C. This means that the nitriding temperature used should not exceed 500–525°C. Ion nitriding at a temperature below the tempering AISI D2 PM 23 VANADIS 4 EXTRA temperature used is preferred. The surface hardness

after nitriding is approximately 1150 HV0.2kg.

The thickness of the layer should be chosen to suit the application in question.

PVD Physical vapour deposition, PVD, is a method of applying a wear-resistant coating at temperatures between 200–500°C.

CVD Chemical vapour deposition, CVD, is used for applying wear-resistant surface coatings at a temperature of around 1000°C. It is recommended that the tools should be separately hardened and tempered in a vacuum furnace after surface treatment.

PVD coated trimming dies for high strength steels used to make automotive parts. Further information

For further information, i.e., steel selection, heat treatment, application and availability, please contact our ASSAB office* nearest to you.

Electrical discharge machining *See back cover page If EDM is performed in the hardened and tempered condition, finish with “fine-sparking”, i.e. low current, high frequency. For optimal performance, the EDM’d surface should then be ground/polished and the tool retempered at approx. 25°C lower than the original tempering temperature.

When EDM’ing larger sizes or complicated shapes, Vanadis 4 Extra should be tempered at high temperatures, above 500°C.

9 VANADIS 4 EXTRA

Relative comparsion of ASSAB cold work tool steels material properties and resistance to failure mechanisms

Hardness/ Resistance to Fatigue cracking resistance ASSAB Resistance Dimension Ductility/ Toughness/ Machinability Grindability Abrasive Adhesive grade to plastic stability resistance gross wear wear deformation to chipping cracking DF-3 CALMAX CALDIE (ESR) XW-10 ASSAB 88 XW-42 XW-5 VANADIS 4 EXTRA VANADIS 10 VANCRON 40 ASP 23 ASP 30 ASP 60 AISI M2

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† ASSAB TOOL STEELS have been in Asia since 1945. Our customers associate ASSAB brand with tooling materials that are high in quality and consistency.

The ASSAB sales companies and distributors offer you well assorted stocks in a number of places covering the Asia Pacific region. To further shorten the lead time, ASSAB will mill, grind, drill and even wire-cut the tool steel to meet your requirements. ASSAB † also provides state-of-the-art vacuum heat treatment services to enhance the steel properties.

Our engineers and metallurgists are always ready to assist you in your choice of the optimum steel grade and the best treament for each application. We always carry out material examinations at our local mini laboratories and at the central laboratory in Sweden.

Our steel mill in Sweden, Uddeholm Tooling, is one of the few steelworks in the world † that is dedicated to the manufacture of tool steels only. Uddeholm Tooling is certified to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

Qingdao † ASSAB Tooling (Qingdao) Co., Ltd.

Our forging press is one of the most modern of its kind in the world. †

Besides tool steels, the ASSAB services for tool makers include:

† Welding electrodes for repair welding of tools

High strength aluminium for tooling † purposes

Copper alloys (e.g., beryllium copper) for inserts in moulds

Alloy machinery steels

Cold rolled strip steels for saws, compressor valves, coater blades, etc.

High Performance Steels (HPS)

Sales office only Granshot