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CALDIE® Caldie® Is a Trade Mark Registered in the U.S

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CALDIE® Caldie® Is a Trade Mark Registered in the U.S UDDEHOLM CALDIE® Caldie® is a trade mark registered in the U.S. This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Classified according to EU Directive 1999/45/EC For further information see our “Material Safety Data Sheets”. Edition 6, 11.2008 The latest revised edition of this brochure is the English version, SS-EN ISO 9001 which is always published on our web site www.uddeholm.com SS-EN ISO 14001 UDDEHOLM CALDIE UDDEHOLM CALDIE CHANGING TOOLING ENVIRONMENT New and more demanding work materials are continuously implemented in the industry. As a consequence of the introduction of AHSS, Advanced High Strength Steel, the forming tools have to resist higher stress levels and with- stand more adhesive and abrasive wear. Many times the tool has to be coated in order to fulfil production requirements, i.e. the tool material also has to be a good substrate material for different type of surface coatings. THE PROBLEM SOLVER Uddeholm Caldie is the first ESR-grade and developed with main focus on severe cold work applications. The excellent combination of compressive strength, wear resistance and chipping/cracking resistance has been achieved by a well balanced chemistry of matrix type and a clean and homogeneous microstructure. Appropriate heat treatment properties and high fatigue strength make Uddeholm Caldie also to a perfect substrate material for surface coatings A VERSATILE TOOL STEEL The unique properties profile of Uddeholm Caldie include very good weld- ability, castability, through hardening properties, machinability and grindability. This means that Uddeholm Caldie provides many different options for eco- nomical toolmaking, tool using and maintenance, especially for larger forming tools. 3 UDDEHOLM CALDIE General •Machine knives • Thread rolling dies Uddeholm Caldie is a chromium-molybdenum- • Substrate for surface coatings vanadium alloyed tool steel which is charac- terized by: UDDEHOLM HIGH PERFORMANCE STEEL •Very good chipping and cracking resistance APPLICATIONS •Good wear resistance Uddeholm Caldie can be used in engineering • High hardness (>60 HRC) after high tem- applications where high compressive strength perature tempering has to be combined with high ductility/tough- •Good dimensional stability in heat treatment ness. Knives for fragmentation of plastics and in service and metals and roll forming rolls are good •Excellent through-hardening properties examples. •Good machinability and grindability •Excellent polishability •Good surface treatment properties Properties •Good resistance to tempering back The properties below are representative of •Very good WEDM properties samples which have been taken from the centre of bars with dimensions 203 x 80 mm Typical C Si Mn Cr Mo V and Ø 102 mm. Unless otherwise indicated, all analysis % 0.7 0.2 0.5 5.0 2.3 0.5 specimens have been hardened at 1025°C Standard (1875°C), gas quenched in a vacuum furnace specification None and tempered twice at 525°C (975°F) for two Delivery hours to 60–62 HRC. condition Soft annealed to approx. 215 HB Colour code White/grey Physical properties Hardened and tempered to 60–62 HRC. Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C Applications (68°F) (390°F) (750°F) Uddeholm Caldie is suitable for short to me- Density, 3 dium run tooling where chipping and/or crack- kg/m 7 820 – – lbs/in3 0.282 ing are the predominant failure mechanisms Modulus of elasticity and where a high compressive strength (hard- MPa 213 000 192 000 180 000 ness of over 60 HRC) is necessary. This makes psi 31.2 x 106 27.8 x 106 26.1 x 106 Uddeholm Caldie an excellent problem solver Coefficient of thermal expansion for severe cold work applications where the per °C from 20°C–11.6 x 10–6 12.4 x 10–6 combination of a hardness above 60 HRC and per °F from 68°F– 6.4 x 10–6 6.9 x 10–6 a high cracking resistance is of utmost impor- Thermal tance e.g. as in the blanking and forming of conductivity W/m °C – 24 28 ultra high strength steel sheets. Btu in/(ft2h°F) – 174 195 Uddeholm Caldie is also very suitable as a Specific heat substrate steel for applications where surface J/kg°C 460 – – Btu/lb F 0.11 coatings are desirable or necessary. ° COLD WORK APPLICATIONS • Blanking applications where high ductility and Compressive strength toughness are needed to prevent chipping/ Approximately compressive strength vs. cracking hardness is shown in the table below. • Cold forging and forming operations where a Hardness Compressive yield strength, high compressive strength combined with HRC Rc0,2 (MPa) good resistance to chipping/cracking are 58 2230 necessary 60 2350 61 2430 4 UDDEHOLM CALDIE Chipping resistance Stress relieving Relative chipping resistance for Uddeholm After rough machining the residual stresses Caldie, AISI A2 and AISI D2 is shown below. should be relieved by tempering at 650°C (1200°F), holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly in 5 the furnace to 500°C (930°F), then freely in air to room temperature. 4 Hardening 3 Preheating temperature: 600–650°C (1100– 1200°F) and 850–900°C (1560–1650°F). In case of bigger dimensions a third preheating 2 step at 930°C (1700°F) is recommended. Austenitizing temperature: 1000–1025°C (1830– 1 1875°F), normally 1020°C (1870°F), in case of CALDIE AISI A2 AISI D2 bigger dimensions 1000°C (1830°F). Holding time: 30 min. Protect the part against decarburization and Heat treatment oxidation. Soft annealing Quenching media Protect the steel and heat through to 820°C • High speed gas/circulating atmosphere (1510°F) wait for equalization of the tempera- •Vacuum furnace (high speed gas with ture (equalization time related to the size of sufficient overpressure) the tool). Then cool in the furnace at 10°C • Martempering bath at 500–550°C (930– (20°F) per hour to 650°C (1200°F), then freely 1020°F) in air to room temperature. • Martempering bath at approx. 200–350°C (390–660°F) Note: Te mper the tool as soon as its tempera- ture reaches 50–70°C (120–160°F). CCT-GRAPH Austenitizing temperature 1025°C (1880°F). Holding time 30 minutes. °F °C 2000 1100 Austenitizing tem. 1025°C (1880°F) Holding time 30 min 1800 1000 900 1600 A c = 870°C (1600°F) 1f A c = 805°C (1480°F) 800 1s 1400 Carbides Pearlite 700 Cooling T Curve Hardness 800–500 1200 No. HV 10 (sec) 600 1 824 2 1000 500 2 813 140 800 3 803 280 400 Bainite 4 803 1030 600 300 5 792 1596 400 200 6 690 2325 M 200 100 7 525 5215 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Martensite 8 464 13850 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds 1 10 100 1 000 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours 0.2 1.5 10 90 600 Air cooling of bars, Ø mm 5 UDDEHOLM CALDIE TTT-GRAPH Austenitizing temperature 1025°C (1880°F). Holding time 30 minutes. °F °C 2000 1100 Austenitizing temp. 1025°C (1880°F) Holding time 30 min 1800 1000 900 1600 A c = 870°C (1600°F) 1f A c = 805°C (1480°F) 800 1s 1400 Temp. Time Hardn. Carbides °C hours HV 10 700 Pearlite 1200 750 8,2 243 600 700 3,9 333 1000 500 650 23,1 390 800 400 600 14,3 824 350 14,6 835 600 300 Bainite 300 8,2 542 400 200 250 23,2 606 200 100 200 8,1 835 Martensite 150 23,5 824 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Seconds 1 10 100 1 000 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours Tempering Choose the tempering temperature according to the hardness required by reference to the tempering graph below. Temper at least twice with intermediate cooling to room tempera- ture. The lowest tempering temperature which should be used is 525°C (980°F). The minimum holding time at temperature is 2 hours. TEMPERING GRAPH Hardness, HRC Retained austenite % 64 20 Austenitizing temperature 1020°C (1870°F) 62 Austenitizing temperature 1000°C (1830°F) 60 15 Hardness 58 56 10 54 52 5 Retained austenite 50 48 500 520 540 560 580 600°C 932 968 1004 1040 1076 1112°F Tempering temperature 6 UDDEHOLM CALDIE HARDNESS, GRAIN SIZE AND RETAINED AUSTENITE AS A FUNCTION OF AUSTENITIZING Surface treatments TEMPERATURE To ol steel may be given a surface treatment Grain in order to reduce friction and increase wear size resistance. The most commonly used treat- ASTM Hardness, HRC Retained austenite % 10 66 50 ments are nitriding and surface coating with 9 Grain size Hardness wear resistant layers produced via PVD or 8 64 40 CVD. 7 The high hardness and toughness together 6 63 30 Retained austenite with a good dimensional stability makes 5 Uddeholm Caldie suitable as a substrate steel 4 62 20 for various surface coatings. 3 61 2 10 1 60 Nitriding and nitrocarburizing 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060°C Nitriding and nitrocarburizing result in a hard 1814 1832 1850 1868 1886 1904 1922 1940°F surface layer which is very resistant to wear Austenitizing temperature, 30 minutes and galling. The surface hardness after nitriding is approximately 1000–1200 HV0.2kg. The thick- Dimensional changes ness of the layer should be chosen to suit the The dimensional changes have been measured application in question. after austenitizing at 1000°C (1830°F)/30 min.
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