Red Lodge 18 West Row 21

Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

1.0 INTRODUCTION

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants, the wholly owned company of Suffolk Wildlife Trust (SWT), was commissioned by Forest Heath District Council in 2015 to carry out a Wildlife Audit of proposed development sites within the District. An initial list of 202 sites was drawn up by the Council which was subsequently amended.

Surveys commenced in May 2015 and continued until autumn 2015. The survey protocol conformed to Extended Phase 1 and the information was presented as individual site reports using a standardised reporting form including a Phase 1 map and photographs. The presence, or likely presence, of Biodiversity Action Plan habitats and species and also protected species was recorded. Information was also provided under various broad taxonomic groups, including flora, avifauna, invertebrates, herpetofauna and mammals. In addition, the structural diversity each habitat and the connectivity of sites within the overall ecological network across the Borough was assessed. Recommendations were provided for further survey work.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

The aim of the surveys was:

• To undertake an Extended Phase 1 habitat survey for all the identified sites during the 2012 or 2013 survey seasons; • To provide information and a description of the wildlife interest for each site; • To map specified habitat types, using standard colour codes for each site including a breakdown of habitat types within it; • To list species including protected species or evidence of their presence, BAP species and habitats, remark on biodiversity and appraise the nature conservation value; • For those sites with previous survey data available, to take these findings into account; • To rank sites in terms of wildlife value with which to evaluate sites; • To provide an electronic photographic record of the sites; • To provide a written report of results and recommendations for any necessary compliance or requirements for further survey.

3.0 METHODOLOGY

In order to achieve the overall aims of the project the following tasks were undertaken:

• Existing digital information for each site was collated using data provided by Suffolk Biological Records Centre and from 1:10,000 maps and aerial photographs. • Each site was surveyed and a record made of its conservation value, with the exception of those sites identified as small gardens or where no access could be obtained.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

• Photographs were taken of relevant features within the sites, both geotagged and digital high quality images. • Criteria and a ranking system were used to evaluate sites. • Comments were made on habitats/species of wildlife interest. • Ecological issues were highlighted. • Recommendations for further surveys were provided as appropriate. • The sites were mapped with Phase 1 colour codes using BosqMap software.

3.1 Criteria for site evaluation

At each site the following was recorded: • Location: Site name, number and grid reference; • Size: the size was noted in hectares (ha); • Survey details: Date, surveyor, weather conditions; • Phase 1 map and photos; • Status: Designation, ranking and overall wildlife value; • Habitat type: distinct, dominant habitat types were briefly detailed; • Subsidiary habitat: this included additional habitats of particular note such as dead wood; • Site description: a detailed account of the site; • Connectivity: if a site linked to other green corridors, this was noted and described in detail where relevant. The juxtaposition of other proposed sites was also considered; • Structural diversity: the differing vegetation structure (height) providing a variation in niche potential for a wide range of taxa was described for each site if relevant; • Protected species: these were noted if recorded, or if previously recorded; • Protected species potential: this was noted if the habitat was deemed suitable for named protected species; • Priority species: these were noted if seen, or if previously recorded. NB: if the species is a ‘protected species’ and a ‘priority species’, then it was only listed under protected species; • Priority species potential: this was noted if the habitat was deemed suitable for priority species; • Priority habitats: these were noted if present; • Flora, avifauna, herpetofauna, mammals, invertebrates etc: species seen or recorded were noted and habitat which offered potential for specific taxa was noted; • Comments and recommendations: overall impressions of each site were noted and further survey work was recommended where relevant; • References: these were included when it was appropriate to reference other surveys.

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species and habitats: In 2012 the ‘UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework’ succeeded the UK BAP and ‘Conserving Biodiversity – the UK Approach’. This was the result of a change in strategic thinking following the publication of the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD’s) ‘Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020’ and its 20 ‘Aichi

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015 targets’, at Nagoya, Japan in October 2010 and the launch of the new EU Biodiversity Strategy (EUBS) in May 2011. Much of the work previously carried out under the UK BAP is now focussed at a country level via the creation of biodiversity strategies. However, the UK BAP lists of priority species and habitats remain important and valuable reference sources. Notably, they have been used to help draw up statutory lists of priorities which in turn inform the local plans which have been produced for those priority species and habitats occurring in Suffolk (Suffolk Local Biodiversity Action Plans). In addition, several other habitats and species that are important with a Suffolk context have been identified and termed ‘Suffolk Character Plans’.

Protected species: species protected by law under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended), The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) (as amended) and the Protection of Badgers Act (1992).

3.2 System of site ranking A system of ranking each site from the information gathered during surveys was established, using a simple numbering method. Numbers 1-6 were used (1 = high, 6 = low).

1 Statutory designation e.g. SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) scheduled under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended). 2 Non-statutory designation e.g. County Wildlife Site (CWS). CWSs are sites regarded as important in a county/regional context. 3 Non-statutory designation e.g. Local Wildlife Site (LWS), priority species and habitats (except those that are locally common e.g. song thrush) and/or species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended). 4 No designation but clearly of value due to size, connectivity, species diversity, potential for priority and protected species and locally common priority and protected species. 5 No designation but has some natural capital: is in character with the area (e.g. woodland), provides limited connectivity. 6 No designation and of no conservation value.

Site Ranking 1: Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs): the most important sites for wildlife within a national context. The criteria used to assess such sites have been developed by English Nature (now Natural England).

Site Ranking 2: County Wildlife Sites (CWSs): these sites have a high priority for protection. Although there is currently no statutory protection, all of Suffolk’s local authorities have included a policy in their local plans to protect CWSs from development. The criteria used to assess CWSs have been developed by Suffolk Wildlife Trust, Suffolk County Council, Natural England and Suffolk Biological Records Centre (SBRC) (The County Wildlife Site panel). The information is available on the Suffolk Biodiversity Partnership website: http://www.suffolkbiodiversity.org/wildlife-sites.aspx accessed 23/02/16.

Site Ranking 3: sites which do not fulfil the criteria for SSSI or CWS status but have a high conservation value. In some districts these are designated as ‘Local Wildlife Sites’ when they

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015 are situated within urban areas. These sites comprise the best examples of different habitats or are important for a particular species and are assessed of the following criteria:

• Non-recreatability. The sites must have some degree of naturalness. • Diversity and presence of indicator species. Sites that are less diverse than CWSs will be included. For example, grassland that is not a remnant of old meadow but has a good number of grass and herb species. Areas dominated by amenity grassland will not be included. • Rarity. Sites that contain habitats, plants and animals that are rare within the town but may be common throughout the county are included here. • Potential value. These sites may have greater value once appropriate conservation management work is carried out. Some sites that could benefit from habitat creation are included, but only those that already have some conservation value. • Size. There is no minimum size but sites that do not have a great diversity of species or habitats and contain no rare species are unlikely to be included if they are less than 0.25 hectares. • Woodland. Normally such sites are secondary woodland as all ancient woods are designated as CWSs. The exceptions are small sites that may contain remnants of ancient woodland within woods of more recent origin. All secondary woodlands with a reasonably diverse ground flora or containing some old woodland indicator species are included. Woodland strips and shelter belts are not usually included unless they fulfil the criteria of having a reasonably diverse ground flora. Any sites containing exceptionally old trees are included because of their wildlife value. • Scrub. Scrub is particularly important for breeding birds and invertebrates, particularly when it is adjacent to grassland and mature trees. • Grassland. Areas of grassland of some diversity that do not qualify as CWSs are included. These may represent recently established grasslands and areas of amenity grassland where soil type and management favour a more species-rich sward. Freshwater. Freshwater sites can include rivers, streams, ditches and ponds. Sites which contain a reasonable variety of aquatic or marginal plants are included, as are those with good populations of amphibians. • Created habitats. Some sites which have developed from former arable or industrial use have a high diversity of species or are important for a particular species. • Species. Sites are included if they provide important habitat for one or more of the following groups: invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles, birds and mammals. This includes priority species and habitats (except those that are locally common e.g. song thrush) and/or species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended). Note: where species are of sufficient rarity or where there are exceptional populations, sites may be designated as CWSs or SSSIs.

Site Ranking 4 Other Sites of Nature Conservation Interest: sites which are less important for wildlife but still retain a degree of naturalness. Locally common priority species such as song thrush may be present and also locally common protected species such as reptiles. However, this ranking applies only in cases of low numbers of a single species and not significant populations of one or more species (see LWS and CWSs). In addition, these sites often provide valuable stepping stones and wildlife corridors along which species can travel between sites.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

Site Ranking 5: Areas that have limited value for wildlife: These may include arable fields or regularly mown amenity grassland with some features of wildlife value, such as some boundary hedgerows or rough grass margins.

Site Ranking 6: Areas that have no or very limited value for wildlife: These may include built areas, large arable fields, other disturbed ground or regularly mown amenity grassland with no other semi-natural features.

3.3 Biodiversity value Linked to the ranking system is a broad approach to describing whether a site was of high, medium or low biodiversity value:

1-2 High conservation value: These sites include designated sites such as SSSIs and CWSs. It may also include undesignated sites where it is recommended that they should be assessed by the CWS Panel as to whether they meet the criteria for designation.

3-4 Medium conservation value: These are undesignated sites which have a known wildlife value and contribute to the overall ecological network.

5-6 Low conservation value: These sites have limited wildlife value. However, a change in future management or additional enhancement may result in an increase in ecological value and a change in site ranking.

4 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

4.1 Site coverage and distribution

Although the original site list included 202 sites, a number of sites were subsequently removed from the list by FHDC. The list was subsequently modified to exclude sites which represented small gardens or groups of small gardens combined together. Access was obtained to most sites.

The final numbers of sites visited are as follows:

Beck Row 23 Brandon 18 Exning 5 Kentford 11 Lakenheath 19 Mildenhall 27 Newmarket 19 Red Lodge 18 West Row 21

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

4.2 Gardens proposed as potential site allocations (not surveyed)

Where small gardens or groups of small were proposed as potential development sites, these were not surveyed. Instead, a statement has been prepared below to encompass the range of ecological features likely to be found in gardens within the Forest Heath district. The sub-headings broadly relate to those used within the site surveys.

The following sites fall into this category of unsurveyed garden(s): Beck Row: BR/04 Brandon B/02, B/03, B,04, B/05, B/07, B/16, B/25 Exning: E/07, E/09 Lakenheath: L/03, L/06, L/10 Mildenhall: M/03, M/04, M/05, M/06, M/07, M31 Newmarket: N/07 Red Lodge: RL/01, partial RL/02, RL03 West Row: partial WR/17, WR/20, WR/32

4.2.1 Site description for gardens: This statement relates to a range of gardens of varying size and composition associated with residential buildings within the audit area. Whilst each site is different, some of these gardens are likely to contain remnants or small areas of valuable habitat which have intrinsic wildlife value and others may be managed to encourage wildlife. Mature or established sites provide nesting, feeding, breeding, over-wintering and refuge opportunities for a wide range of species. Some will contain features which enhance the wildlife value of the garden further such as ponds, or incorporate specific micro-habitats such as insect ‘homes’ for bees or ladybirds, bird boxes or log piles which have been installed to encourage wildlife. Others contain features of which certain species or groups will utilize, such as raised paving slabs, compost heaps or grass piles, which, although not specifically installed for wildlife, will provide refuges.

4.2.2 Habitat type(s) in gardens: Residential gardens may contain elements or remnants of a number of habitats including grassland (many of which are of sandy or chalky soil and of Breckland character), scrub, hedgerow, ponds, secondary woodland and orchard.

4.2.3 Subsidiary habitats in gardens: Residential gardens may contain numerous features of this type: Deadwood, individual mature trees, native herbs and grasses and additional features found in species-rich wildlife gardens such as compost areas, grass heaps, and insect-attracting plants.

4.2.4 Protected species seen or known: The garden sites within the remit of this audit have not been surveyed individually. However, a number of protected species have been recorded within the survey area of the audit and therefore have the potential for being present in the gardens highlighted, as detailed below.

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4.2.5 Protected species potential: Slow-worm Grass snake Common lizard Great crested newt

Water vole

4.2.6 Priority habitats present: Features of small remnants of the following priority habitats may potentially be present: Lowland Heathland & Acid Grassland Hedgerows Ponds Traditional orchards

4.2.7 Priority species seen or known: Whilst the garden sites within the remit of this audit have not been surveyed individually, some of the species recorded within the parishes covered will have been present within the garden sites and others will have the potential for being present, as detailed below.

4.2.8 Priority species potential: The species with potential to be found within or associated with the garden sites include the following, although this list is not exhaustive:

Birds: Swift, Song thrush, Starling, Dunnock, House sparrow, Bullfinch, Spotted flycatcher.

Mammals: Hedgehog, Soprano pipistrelle bat, Brown long-eared bat.

Herpetofauna: Common toad, Common frog, Smooth newt, great crested newt, common lizard, slow worm and grass snake.

Invertebrates: Garden tiger butterfly, Wall butterfly, Small emerald moth, White ermine moth, Large garden bumblebee, Red-shanked carder bee.

Scarce or uncommon plants (not priority species but of interest): Common cudweed

4.2.9 Connectivity: Whilst each of the garden sites may be individually quite isolated from each other, the potential wildlife value of a garden increases significantly if it is adjacent to a wildlife-rich site or habitat functioning as a corridor connecting it to other areas of semi-natural habitat. Similarly, the close proximity of a wildlife-rich garden can increase the likelihood of a site maintaining viable populations, particularly of the more mobile species.

4.2.10 Structural diversity: A range in structural diversity across garden sites is provided by grasses, herbs, shrubs, climbing plants and trees, offering opportunities for members of all species group. Further diversity is provided on a smaller, topographical scale by other features and micro-habitats,

4.2.11 Flora: A wide diversity of flora can be found in gardens, from mosses, lichens and fungi to fully mature native trees. These offer feeding, breeding and over-wintering opportunities for a large number of species, particularly in gardens which are adjacent to wildlife-rich sites. Many native grasses and herbaceous species, such as ox-eye daisy, germander speedwell, common knapweed, field scabious, white campion, common cat’s ear and meadow buttercup will spread easily from adjacent sites and thrive in a garden setting. On garden sites on Breckland soil, these could also include more specialized native species such as viper’s-bugloss and common cudweed. Other common non-native garden species present in gardens will also attract invertebrates such as bees and butterflies and add to the overall wildlife value of these sites.

Many native species of shrub and tree are commonly present in gardens and will provide additional wildlife value. The light soil present in many parts of the audit area will be particularly suitable for species that are common to Breckland such as silver birch and gorse but will also include other common native species such as blackthorn, holly, hawthorn, ivy, oak, hazel, elder, field maple and bramble.

4.2.12 Avifauna: Mature trees and dense native shrubs, particularly in the form of a mixed native hedge, can provide good roosting and nesting sites for this group. Species such as holly, ivy, bramble and hawthorn provide a valuable source of food for fruit-eating species, longer areas of grass and lawn provide opportunities for ground feeders and a good invertebrate population, encouraged through features such as those discussed below, will be beneficial for insect-eating birds.

4.2.13 Invertebrates: Mature trees, dense scrub, deadwood, herbs and grasses can all provide opportunities for this group. Many species of invertebrate may over-winter in a garden, making particular use of compost heaps, grass heaps, log piles, dense grassland and dead stems/flower heads. The addition of man-made features for invertebrates will increase the potential for this group.

4.2.14 Herpetofauna:

A wildlife-friendly garden can provide good feeding, breeding and over-wintering opportunities for this group and their presence is increased if the garden has good connectivity to other areas of suitable semi-natural habitat.

Garden ponds or damp areas can provide breeding and feeding sites for amphibians, whilst long vegetation on pond edges, log piles, paving slabs and undisturbed areas, beneath sheds or water butts for example, will be valuable terrestrial or over-wintering sites.

Reptiles will also benefit from these refuge or hibernation sites. Garden features such as grass piles or compost heaps can also be important refuge or breeding sites. Stone features

4.2.15 Mammals: Nesting opportunities for bats can be present in gardens in the form of dense scrub (mature ivy on trees, for example), in holes or fissures in trees and in potential nesting sites in the buildings themselves.

Gardens can be valuable feeding, shelter and over-wintering habitats for hedgehogs and overgrown gardens can provide an important overwintering resource in the form of suitable habitat for hibernation (which can be a limiting factor). Permeability of boundary features is very important for retaining the local hedgehog population.

Small mammals such as common species of mouse, vole and shrew may be present and larger mammals such rabbit, fox, and deer will also visit gardens to feed, particularly if connected to other natural habitat. .

4.2.16 Comments and recommendations: Garden sites can be a valuable resource for a wide range of species. They can contain a good diversity of common species as well as providing opportunities for some less common species, particularly those that require the characteristics of Breckland habitat.

Gardens can provide an essential link between valuable open spaces or wildlife-rich habitat, reducing the risk of fragmentation of habitat on a wider countryside scale and providing opportunities for species, particularly mobile species, to maintain viable populations.

4.3 Constraints to the surveys undertaken for the Wildlife Audit

This survey represents a snapshot in time and should be considered as an initial assessment of the habitats and the potential species which they may support. Every effort has been made to date to provide an accurate assessment of the current situation but no liability can be assumed for omissions or changes after the survey has taken place. In particular, no detailed surveys have been made for invasive or protected species, or specific botanical or faunal groups.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

Appendix 1 Catalogue of surveyed sites

Beck Row Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value BR01 Lamble Close 3 Medium BR02 Land adjacent to RAF Mildenhall 5 Low BR03 Land adjacent to Smoke House Inn, Skeltons Drove 3 Medium BR05 Land off The Grove 4 Medium BR06 Land south of Rookery Drove 4 Medium BR08 Land to the north of Wilde Street 4 Medium BR09 Land at corner of Wilde Street/Aspal Lane 4 Medium BR10 Land adjacent to and south of caravan park on Aspal Lane 3 Medium BR11 Land between Aspal Lane and Wildmere Lane 3 Medium BR12 Land adjacent to Beck Lodge Farm, St Johns Street 4 Medium BR13 Land West of Aspal Hall Road 2 High BR15 Land south of St John’s Street 6 Low BR17 Land East of Skeltons Drove 5 Low BR18 Former coal yard, Wilde Street 5 Low BR19 Land adjacent to Moss Edge Farm and west of the A1101 4 Medium BR21 Aspal Nursery, Aspal Lane 4 Medium BR23 Land at White Gables, Stocks Corner 4 Medium BR24 Land between Wildmere Lane and Holmsey Green 4 Medium BR25 Land adjacent to Wilde Street Farm 4 Medium BR26 Land East of Aspal Lane 5 Low BR27 Land adjacent to Beck Lodge Farm 5 Low BR28 Land at junction of Aspal Lane and Johns Street 4 Medium BR29 Scrap Yard, Skeltons Drove 6 Low

Brandon Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value B01 Land off Fengate Drove 6 Low B06 Land off School Lane 5 Low B09 Land at Station Way 6 Low B10 Land south-west of Station Way 4 Medium B11 Land north of Gas House Drove 4 Medium B12 Land off Manor Road 2 High B13 Omar Homes 6 Low B14 Land off Green Road 2 High B15 Riverside Lodge off High Street 4 Medium B18 Land south River Little Ouse and west of High Street 4 Medium B19 Land south Railway line including Lignacite Site 3 Medium B20 Land at Brandon Cottage, Bury Road 4 Medium B21 Land north of Gas House Drove (small block) 5 Low B23 Land off Bury Road 1 High B24 Land west of Bury Road 1 High B27 Land off London Road 1 High B28 Land at Abbotts Court, North of Victoria Avenue 4 Medium B17/B12 combined Land to the west of Brandon 2 High

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Exning Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value E02 Land off The Drift/Burwell Road 5 Low E03 Land to the rear of Laceys Lane (includes Frogmore) 5 Low E05 Land south of Burwell Road 6 Low E06 South of Burwell Road 5 Low E08 Land to rear of York Villas, North End Road 5 Low

Kentford Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value K01 Land east of Moulton Road 5 Low K02 Meddler Stud 4 Medium/low K03 Land north of A14 6 Low K04 Land north of Bury Road 5 Low K05 South and east of Flint House, Bury Road (near Village Hall) 4 Medium K06 Site opposite 1 to 4 Bury Road 4 Medium K09 Fothergills, Gazeley Road 5 Low K13 Land to rear of Flint House 6 Low K14 Land east of Gazeley Road 6 Low K16 Land to the rear of Cock Public House 4 Medium K17 Land between Bury Road and A14 5 Low

Lakenheath Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value L04 Land north of Station Road 5 Low L07 3 Cemetery Road 4 Medium L11 East of The Mallards 5 Low L12 Land north of Burrow Drive and Briscoe Way 5 Low L13 Rabbithill Covert, Station Road 5 Low L14 Land off Maids Cross Way 5 Low L15 Land off Covey Way and Maids Cross Hill 3 Medium L18 Near Broom Road, off Eriswell Drive 5 Low L19 Land north-east of South Road 5 Low (CWS) L22 Land south of Broom Road 4 Medium (CWS) L25 Land east of Eriswell Road and south of South Road 4 Medium (CWS) L26 Land west of Eriswell Road 4 Medium L27 Land south of Broom Road 5 Low (CWS) L28 Middle Covert, land south of Station Road 4 Medium L29 Matthews Nursery 4 Medium L35 Land off Briscoe Way 5 Low L36 North Lakenheath 4 Medium L37 Land north of Cemetery 6 Low L38 Land to north of Maids Cross Hill 6 Low

Mildenhall Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value M01 South of Gonville Close 2 High M09 Land South of College Heath Road 5 Low M10 Land off Finchley Avenue 5 Low M11 Land adjacent to College Heath Road 2 High

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M12 Woodlands Park off Brandon Road 4 Medium M13 Land between the River Lark and Worlington Road 5 Low (Lark) M14 Former builders yard north of Worlington Road 6 Low M15 Land south of Lark Road/Raven Close 5 Low M16 Land north of Brandon Road 1 High M17 Land north of Thetford Road 1 High M18 Land south of Lark Road 4 Medium M19 Land west of Mildenhall, south of West Row Road 4 Medium M20 Land south of Pine Trees Avenue 5 Low M21 Land west of Miles Hawk Way 6 Low Land south of Mildenhall to River Lark (including Jubilee Field 4 Medium M22 and site M44) M23 Land east of Mildenhall to A1065 and Fiveways Roundabout 1 High Land north of Mildenhall, east of the A1101 (including Airfield 1 High M24 landing lights) M25 Precinct 6 Low M26 Land south of Bury Road and east of A11 3 Medium M27 Site adjacent to Parkers Mill 5 Low M28 Land at 54 Kingsway 5 Low Land south of Worlington Road and adjacent to former dairy 5 Low M29 site. M30 The old railway station site 4 Medium M33 Land to west of Folly Road 4 Medium M40 Land west of Industrial Estate 6 Low M41 Land at Meadow View Cottage 5 Low M42 Rose Forge, south of Worlington Road 4 Medium

Newmarket Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value N03 Former Gas Works, Exning Road 6 Low N05 Land West of Fordham Road (A12) 5 Low N08 Allotments Studlands Park 4 Medium N09 Brickfield Stud, Exning Road 5 (4) Low (Tree Belt) N10 Land at Balaton Stables, Snailwell Road 5 Low N11 Land at Black Bear Lane and Rowley Drive Junction 4 Medium N12 Coronation Stables, Station Approach 6 Low N13 Land off Brickfields Avenue 4 Medium N14 Land east of Newmarket, south of A14 (Hatchfield Farm) 4 Medium N15 Old Newmarket Station site car park 6 Low N18 George Lambton playing fields 5 Low N20 Grassland off Leaders Way and Sefton Way 5 Low N21 Land south of Exning Road and adjacent to Hamilton Road 5 Low N24 Site off Wellington Street 6 Low N26 East of Palace Street 6 Low N27 Market Place 6 Low N29 North of the High Street 6 Low N30 Site on Depot Road 6 Low N31 Former Scaltback Middle School Site 6 Low

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Red Lodge Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value RL02 Land to rear 14 – 16 Turnpike Road - RL03 Land off Turnpike Road Phase 2 (Red Lodge Masterplan) - RL04 Coopers Yard and Cafe 5 Low Land adjoining Public House, Turnpike Road and Turnpike 4 Medium RL05 Lane RL06 Land adjoining Twins Belt, land east of Red Lodge 4/5 Medium/Low RL07 The White Star Stables, Warren Road 5 Low RL08 Land to rear 4 to14B Turnpike Lane 4 Medium RL09 Land at Greenhays Farm 4 Medium RL10 Land west of Elderberry Road, Kings Warren 5 Low RL11 Land east of Turnpike Road 1 (6) High/low RL12 Land east of Warren Road 5 Low RL13 Land west of Newmarket Road 6 Low RL15 Land north and east of Red Lodge, either side of A11 Variable RL16 Employment land north of Hundred Acre Way 5 Low RL18 Land south of The Carrops 4 Medium RL19 Land south of Green Lane 3 Medium RL20 Land north of Elderberry Road 5 Low RL21 Land north-east of Bilberry Close 4 Medium

West Row Ranking Biodiversity Code Site Name Value WR01 Land south of Chapel Road 5 Low WR02 Land off Pott Hall Lane 4 Medium WR03 Land north of The Green 6 Low WR04 Land at the junction of Jarman’s Lane and Beeches Road 4 Medium WR06 Land north of Mildenhall Road 5 Low WR07 Land east of Beeches Road 6 Low WR09 Land south of Manor Farm Road 6 Low WR10 Land off Chapel Road 6 Low WR11 Land off Parker’s Drove 5 Low WR12 Land adjacent to Park Garden, Friday Street 5 Low WR13 Land behind St Peter’s Church, Church Lane 5 Low WR14 Off Friday Street, behind Williams Way 5 Low WR15 Popes Farm, Church Lane 5 Low WR16 Land to north of Ferry Lane 6 Low WR19 Land at junction of Mildenhall Road and Jarman’s Lane 5 Low WR21 Land east of Pott Hall Road 6 Low WR23 Land off Friday Street 6 Low WR25 Land off Pott Hall Road 4 Medium WR26 Land off Parkers Drove 5 Low WR27 Land south-west of Jarman’s Lane 5 Low WR33 Land at Popes Farm 5 Low

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath: Wildlife Audit of Proposed Site Allocations: 2015

Unsurveyed sites due to lack of access:

Brandon: B/08 (under construction) Beck Row: BR/20 Kentford: K10 Mildenhall: M/43 Newmarket: N/32 Red Lodge: RL/03

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Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/02 Land to Rear 14-16 Turnpike Road

FHDC Ref: RL/02 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69763 70532 Area: 0.9 hectares Date: 29 September 2015 Recorder: A Looser Weather conditions: Warm, calm 15°C Ranking: Not fully surveyed Biodiversity value: Unknown - dependent on further survey

Map:

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Area of dense bracken in the south western corner of the site

Belt of broadleaved woodland at the northern end of the site

Habitat type(s): Garden, woodland and grassland (all unsurveyed)

Subsidiary habitats: Hedge

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site description: This site was assessed from the boundaries, so it has not been surveyed in detail. In the south is a property with an overgrown garden and a lilac hedge bordering Fern Way. In the western corner is a small paddock covered with bracken, beyond which a grassy paddock could be seen. In the north is a section covered with broadleaved woodland behind a tall wooden fence.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: Broadleaved woodland

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Hedgehog

Connectivity: This site is surrounded by roads and housing, so connectivity is poor.

Structural diversity: For a small site, structural diversity is moderate, with a mixture of hedges, paddocks and overgrown garden.

Flora: The strip of woodland in the northern part of the site was predominantly broadleaved with silver birch and beech trees and occasional larch trees. There was also some snowberry present.

The area of dense bracken was starting to be encroached by bramble and cherry scrub.

There was a thick lilac hedge along the boundary with Fern Way. There were some fruit trees including plum and cherry plum along the southern boundary.

Avifauna: The scrub within the gardens and the small woodland provides some nesting and foraging habitat for common bird species.

Invertebrates: This was not fully assessed but common species are likely to be present. In addition, small heath and white letter hairstreak butterflies have been recorded within 300m of this site.

Herpetofauna: This was not fully assessed, but due to the small size and isolation of the site this represents suboptimal habitat for this group. However, common lizard and grass snake have been recorded on Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Site to the west (Epcad, 2001) and have been translocated from the areas now

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 built upon to other parts of the CWS. It is therefore possible that a relic population of common lizard exists within this site.

Mammals: This was not fully assessed. It is possible that hedgehog may be present as the overgrown garden and paddocks are suitable for foraging and hibernation. There is a record of hedgehog in 2014 within 500m of the site. The existing buildings on site were not assessed for bats, nor were any of the mature trees.

Comments and recommendations: As this site was not fully assessed it is recommended that, prior to any development proposals, more detailed surveys should be undertaken to cover all areas of this site, to include bats and reptiles. Potential impacts on hedgehogs must also be taken into consideration. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

Notwithstanding the above, any scrub removal needs to take place outside the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

A study undertaken by Footprint Ecology on behalf of Forest Heath DC and St Edmundsbury BC identified that over half of visitors to Breckland SPA locations within the districts lived within 7.5km of the SPA. It is therefore considered that new residential development within 7.5km of the SPA will result in increased numbers of visitors accessing the SPA; this could in turn result in significant impacts on the features for which the SPA is designated. Prior to granting planning consent for residential development at this site the proposed development should be assessed under the requirements of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) (as amended) to determine whether it is likely to result in a likely significant effect on the SPA, either alone or in-combination with other plans or projects.

References: Epcad: Ecology and Landscape Planning. (2001). Land at Red Lodge. Results of Further Survey Work and an Assessment of the Potential Mitigation Opportunities at Red Lodge and Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Sites.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/03 Land off Turnpike Road Phase 2 (Red Lodge Masterplan)

FHDC Ref: RL/03 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69370 70350 Area: 9.7 hectares Date: 22 September 2015 Recorder: A Looser Weather conditions: Cool with temperatures rising, dry, still Ranking: Unknown due to lack of access Biodiversity value: Unknown

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SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Photos:

Area of dense bracken in south-east corner of the site, looking north-west.

Habitat type(s): Continuous bracken

Subsidiary habitats: Scattered scrub, amenity grassland, species-poor hedgerow

Site description: This is a large site, potentially in multiple ownership, and access was not possible to the majority of the area due to its location behind existing housing or the presence of high fences and locked gates. The only area which could be viewed was a narrow section adjacent to Willoway Caravan Park. This was dominated by dense bracken. To the north-east is a dense hedge and there was no visibility to the rest of the site.

Protected species seen or known: Unknown due to lack of access

Protected species potential: Common lizard, grass snake

Priority habitats present: Unknown due to lack of access

Priority species seen or known: Unknown due to lack of access

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority species potential: Hedgehog, small heath, white letter hairstreak

Connectivity: The site borders the A11 corridor on the western boundary, so there will be some limited connectivity in this part of the site. Otherwise the site is bordered by housing (including under construction) on all other boundaries.

Structural diversity: This could not be fully assessed.

Flora: This was not assessed across most of the site. The only section viewed was covered in bracken with occasional cocksfoot, perennial sow thistle and broom.

There was a very small area of amenity grassland at the south-eastern end of the site. This was dominated by rye grass with common herbs including black medick, ribwort plantain, daisy, dove’s- foot cranesbill, common stork’s-bill, smooth hawk’s-beard and common cat’s-ear. The hedgerow viewed was species-poor and included lilac, bramble and elm.

Avifauna: This was not assessed across most of the site. The hedgerow will provide some foraging, roosting and breeding opportunities for a range of common bird species.

Invertebrates: This was not assessed. White letter hairstreak and small heath butterflies have been recorded on the former A11 in 2006.

Herpetofauna: This was not assessed across the majority of the site. Common Lizard and grass snake have been recorded on Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Site to the north (Epcad, 2001), so these species are highly likely to be present on this site if the habitat is suitable.

Mammals: Common species such as deer, fox and small mammals are likely to be present on site. As much of the site was not viewed it is not possible to rule out the presence of protected species.

Comments and recommendations: As this site could not be fully accessed, further survey work is required to assess its biodiversity value. This should include Phase 1 habitat survey and an evaluation of other potential features of interest, to include flora, birds, invertebrates, herpetofauna, and mammals. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 on the features for which the SPA is designated. Prior to granting planning consent for residential development at this site the proposed development should be assessed under the requirements of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) (as amended) to determine whether it is likely to result in a likely significant effect on the SPA, either alone or in-combination with other plans or projects.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/04 Coopers Yard and Cafe

FHDC Ref: RL/04 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69370 70100 Area: 1.9 hectares Date: 22 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Cool with temperatures rising, dry, still Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

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SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

Small overgrown garden

Large willow on south-western edge of site

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Hard-standing to rear with scrub and tall ruderal vegetation

Habitat type(s): Hard standing and depot buildings

Subsidiary habitats: Scrub, tall ruderal, poor semi-improved grassland, coniferous tree belt

Site description: The site is situated on the western side of Red Lodge, close to several other sites (RL/03, RL/05 and RL/08). The current usage of the majority of the site is as a tanker haulage depot with associated large areas of hard standing and buildings. The perimeter of the western end of the site has a narrow band of scrub and tall ruderal vegetation. A line of leylandii trees is situated to the rear of the main office building and its car park. At the front of the site, off Turnpike Road, the site includes a café and a house with a small, overgrown garden. This area includes poor semi-improved grassland and scrub, with a large willow tree.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: -

Priority habitats present: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Priority species seen or known: House sparrow (on RL/05)

Priority species potential: -

Connectivity: Connectivity is poor because the site is surrounded by housing and a caravan park.

Structural diversity: With the exception of the very small area of garden, this site has poor structural diversity.

Flora: The poor semi-improved grassland (former lawn) was rough and unmanaged and included common grassland species such as couch grass, wall barley, barren brome, rye grass, false oat grass, cock’s foot. Common herbs were present including creeping buttercup, common mallow, dove’s-foot crane’s-bill, smooth hawksbeard, daisy, white clover, ragwort, ribwort plantain and dandelion. The western boundary consisted of a short band of scrub with lilac, Prunus spp, bramble and an apple tree, along with bracken, creeping thisle and nettle. A large willow tree was growing on the southern boundary of the garden.

The majority of the site was unvegetated hard standing, but the narrower section of land to the west was bordered by a mixture of scattered scrub and a small amount of bracken. Buddleia, sumac, gorse, bramble, rose and elder were abundant. Few herbs were recorded other than mugwort, black horehound, mignonette and wild carrot.

Avifauna: It was a sub-optimal time of year for recording this group, but there are very limited opportunities for birds. A colony of house sparrow was noted in the north-east of the adjacent RL/05 and it is likely that they will also utilize the dense scrub to the rear of the garden for roosting and nesting. This habitat will also support other garden bird species. A staff member reported that goldcrest were occasionally observed in the leylandii belt to the rear of the office car park.

Invertebrates: There are limited opportunities for this group, with the exception of the buddleia in the western part of the site which will support various butterflies. Common species of invertebrates will be associated with the overgrown garden.

Herpetofauna: Most of this site is unsuitable for amphibians and reptiles and the area of overgrown garden was thought to be too small and isolated to provide any opportunities for this group.

Mammals: This site is largely unsuitable for this group and only common species such as grey squirrel will be associated with the overgrown garden. The large willow did not appear to have any features suitable for supporting roosting bats, but a winter check after the leaves have fallen is advisable if this tree is to be felled.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Comments and recommendations: The majority of this site is of very low value to biodiversity. The overgrown garden will provide nesting opportunities for birds, so removal of scrub should take place outside the bird nesting season (March-August inclusive). If the large willow tree is to be removed then a more detailed assessment should be undertaken of its potential to support roosting bats. This is best undertaken in the winter once the leaves have fallen.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/06 Land adjoining Twins Belt, Land East of Red Lodge

FHDC Ref: RL/06 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70767 70295 Area: 18.2 hectares Date: 29 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm with rising temperatures up to 15°C Ranking: 5 (but northern section 4) Biodiversity value: Low (but northern section medium)

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RL/06 North

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

RL/06 South

Photos:

Neutral semi-improved grassland with scrub in north of site (Target Note 3)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Pine belt in south-east of site (Target Note 6), many trees with bat roost potential

View west to existing built areas and amenity land

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Tree originally identified by Aspect Ecology in 2013 as Dead tree on the north-western corner of Park Wood having bat roost potential, but loss of bark has reduced this (Target Note 2) likelihood (Target Note 7)

A small section of the large colony of ivy bees (Target Note 1)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Broadleaved tree belt (Target Note 8)

Habitat type(s): Arable, neutral semi-improved grassland, amenity grassland

Subsidiary habitats: Coniferous and broadleaved tree belts, scattered scrub, garden

Site description: This site represents a narrow piece of land running north-south on the eastern edge of Red Lodge. It is situated on the eastern edge of a recent housing estate and south-east of another group of sites (RL/10, RL/16, RL/20 and RL/21, as well as the much larger RL/15). It is separated into RL/06a to the south and RL/06b to the north. The southern areas are arable, with a farmhouse surrounded by thick scrub and trees. At the time of the survey the southernmost part of the field was fallow (Target Note 5), but with a wild bird seed mix growing along the eastern margin (Target Note 6). The central section is also arable but borders a large area of playing field to the west. It was noted that the boundary of the amenity land and this site appears to overlap slightly. Further north the site becomes narrower with a thin arable field. At the northernmost part of the site, there is a large area of neutral semi-improved grassland with low levels of scattered scrub around a flood attenuation area (Target Note 3). A large colony of ivy bees was noted in the north-western corner (Target Note 1). The eastern boundary of this site is bordered by two blocks of off-site woodland (Twins Belt and Blacklands), linked by an on-site broadleaved woodland belt (Target Note 8). Another pine belt lies to the south (Target Note 7). There is a track defining the northern boundary with a belt of poplar trees.

The majority of the site is the subject of planning application F/2013/0257/HYB. It is understood that Forest Heath District Council have resolved to approve this application subject to legal agreement.

Protected species seen or known: Common lizard, slow worm, grass snake, common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, noctule bat, serotine bat (Aspect Ecology, 2013)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Protected species potential:

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: Skylark, linnet and dunnock (Aspect Ecology 2013), brown hare

Priority species potential: Hedgehog

Connectivity: This site lies on the eastern edge of Red Lodge, bordered by extensive areas of woodland which in turn link to a wider network of tree belts.

Structural diversity: Within the arable part of the site, structural diversity is poor. However, in the northern section the area of neutral semi-improved grassland with occasional scattered scrub has relatively good structural diversity.

Flora: The neutral semi-improved grassland is the most interesting area botanically, but it was not clear if this area had been sown after creation of a flood attenuation area. The soil is very free-draining, as indicated by the presence of common cat’s-ear, hare’s-foot clover and dog lichen in some areas. However, there is also mignonette, rough chervil, wild parsnip, viper’s bugloss, wild carrot, hound’s tongue (declining nationally and classed as near-threatened), bristly ox-tongue, ox-eye daisy, tufted vetch, ladies bedstraw, field scabious, black knapweed, smooth hawk’s beard, ribwort plantain, common centaury, yarrow and red fescue. Towards the edge greater knapweed was also noted.

The field margins are species-poor dominated by false oat grass, cock’s foot grass and nettle. A short line of Scot’s pine with occasional oak is present near the centre of the site, running east-west. Another tree line/belt runs southwards adjacent to a track, dominated by oak, with ash, beech, blackthorn, rose and hawthorn (Target Note 8). This tree belt provides some connectivity between two off-site woodlands (Twins Belt and Blacklands).

Avifauna: The survey took place at a suboptimal time of year for this group. Various farmland bird species are likely to be present and scrub habitats in the northern section may provide some habitat for breeding birds which will improve with time as the habitat develops. A breeding bird survey undertaken by Aspect Ecology in 2013 recorded 17 species of bird and noted a pair of linnet breeding at the farmhouse and 2-3 pairs of breeding skylark. Dunnock was also recorded as breeding at the farmhouse along with other species of garden bird. The consultant’s evaluation is that the intensively cultivated arable fields support relatively low numbers of birds, with potential nesting and foraging opportunities for many species being largely limited to boundary features.

The track running through this area was bare and included numerous large muddy puddles (Target Note 4). If these conditions prevail during the early part of the breeding season they may be visited by swallows and house martins to gather mud for nests. A kestrel was noted hunting over the grassland in the north of the site and a buzzard was recorded calling overhead. Jay and a flock of long-tailed tits

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 were also recorded. There are several stone curlew records just over one kilometre to the south and within two kilometres to the east.

Invertebrates: In the north-western corner a large colony of ground nesting ivy bees Colletes hederae was recorded on the sides and top of a large grassy bank (record verified by Suffolk Aculeate Hymenoptera Recorder) (Target Note 1). This species was first recorded in the UK in 2001 and has spread throughout southern England in the last 15 years. The bee is a solitary nester, but can live in large aggregations and more than 1,000 bees were seen at the time of the survey. The late flight period of this bee makes it an important pollinator of ivy. The Bee, Wasp and Ants Recording Society (BWARS) are keen to receive all new sightings.

The neutral semi-improved grassland was quite flower-rich and is likely to support a variety of invertebrates. It was relatively late in the season for recording this group but red admiral and small white butterflies were noted.

Herpetofauna: Survey work undertaken by Aspect Ecology (2013) found a low population of grass snake, common lizard and slow worm. These records were all from the central and southern sections of the site, which is surprising as the northern section includes an area of rough grassland with scrub which is more likely to support reptiles. It is therefore likely that in the two years since the surveys by Aspect Ecology, the habitat in the northern section has improved and it is therefore highly likely that reptiles will now be found within this part of the site. The site is largely unsuitable for amphibians. Aspect Ecology noted a small pond in the garden of the farmhouse which was stocked with goldfish and may support common species of amphibian, but this was not assessed during this current survey.

Mammals: Common mammals, such as fox and species of deer, are likely to move through this site. A brown hare was seen during the survey. The grassland habitat adjacent to woodland in the north of the site is highly suitable for hedgehog.

Surveys by Aspect Ecology in 2013 recorded common pipistrelle (most frequently recorded), soprano pipistrelle (occasional recordings), noctule bat (low levels of activity) and serotine bat (low levels of activity). The site is therefore considered to support a limited assemblage of bats and is of low value to bats. However, the woodland and tree belts on the eastern edges are likely to provide potential commuting routes and foraging habitat and are of higher ecological value. The tree belt (Target Note 8) linking Twins Belt and Blacklands is particularly important for providing connectivity between the two woodland blocks. There are also a number of trees on the eastern boundary of the site which may provide roosting potential for bats. In the north-east corner of the site is a large dead tree (Target Note 2) and a number of trees on the eastern side bordering the southern section of the site also have bat roost potential (Target Note 7). The specific tree in this area identified by Aspect Ecology in 2013 appeared now to have fewer suitable features for bats due to further decay causing loss of bark. A large dead tree in the north-east corner of the site was noted to have some bat roost potential (Target Note 2).

Comments and recommendations: Two years have elapsed since the reptile survey and whilst much of the site is unchanged, the area of neutral semi-improved grassland with scattered scrub appears to have improved in habitat quality. If this part of the site is to be affected by any future development proposals a further survey for reptiles should be undertaken. Due to the known presence of low numbers of three species of reptiles,

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 mitigation for this group should be undertaken for all areas of the site to be affected by future development proposals.

The area supporting the colony of ivy bees should be retained if possible (Target Note 1). The neutral semi-natural grassland in the north of the site may support other invertebrate species of note and if this area is to be affected by future development proposals further surveys are recommended.

The woodland on the eastern edge of the site is likely to be important to foraging and commuting bats. Any future development proposals should ensure that this area is unaffected by light spillage. The tree belt (Target Note 8) provides important connectivity between off-site woodland blocks and should be retained as a dark corridor in any development proposals.

For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

Forest Heath District Council Core Strategy Development Plan Document Policy CS2 (Natural Environment) requires that development proposals on sites within 1,500m of parts of the Breckland Special Protection Area (SPA) designated for supporting stone curlew; sites within 1,500m of any 1km grid square which has supported 5 or more stone curlew nesting attempts since 1995 and sites within 400m of parts of the Breckland SPA designated for supporting woodlark and nightjar are subject to a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) prior to the determination of any planning application. Development proposals involving new or upgraded roads within 200m of the Breckland Special Area of Conservation (SAC) must also be subject to a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) prior to the determination of any planning application. This is to assess whether the proposal would result in a likely significant effect on sites designated for their European nature conservation importance, either alone or in-combination with other plans or projects.

This site is within 1,500m of parts of the Breckland Special Protection Area (SPA) designated for supporting stone curlew and therefore requires a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) prior to the determination of any planning application.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

References: Aspect Ecology (May 2013) Land East of Red Lodge, Suffolk. Ecological Assessment.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/07 The White Star Stables, Warren Road

FHDC Ref: RL/07 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70050 69560 Area: 6.78 hectares Date: 22 September 2015 Recorder: A Looser & S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm, dry and still Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

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SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

View south-west across paddocks

Former stables with potential for roost bats and breeding hirundine bird species (Target Note 3)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Bungalow east of stables

Mature oak on eastern edge of paddocks (Target Note 1) Woodpecker hole in ash tree (Target Note 2)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Habitat type(s): Poor semi-improved grassland

Subsidiary habitats: Ephemeral/short perennial, broadleaved tree belt, built structures

Site description: This site lies on the southern edge of Red Lodge and is bordered by RL/19 to the west and RL/12 to the east, beyond Warren Road. The site represents the former stables, accommodation, paddocks and exercise areas of an equine establishment. The buildings are currently disused, although the paddocks have been grazed by cattle in 2015. An exercise circuit is present around the perimeter of the paddocks, but this is now largely vegetated over. The majority of the site is poor semi-improved grassland. In the north of the site are the stables arranged in two semi-circles and associated barns. An unoccupied single story dwelling is present in the north-east within an unmanaged garden. Another property in the north- eastern corner of the site was not surveyed as it appeared to be occupied. A track runs along part of the eastern boundary and on the eastern side there are a series of mature oaks, including one very large specimen (Target Note 1). In the south-eastern corner the site extends eastwards to Warren Road to encompass two barns within an unmanaged grassland area. A thick tree-belt borders the southern boundary and also the western boundary, beyond which the land drops away into an off-site pit.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Bats, common lizard, slow worm

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Swift (Suffolk Character Species), hedgehog

Connectivity: The location of the site, adjacent to a larger block of semi-natural habitat associated with RL/19 (former landfill site) means that connectivity is relatively good.

Structural diversity: The site has poor structural diversity, with the exception of the mature trees bordering the track on the eastern boundary.

Flora: The paddocks are relatively species-poor with common species including creeping cinquefoil, creeping buttercup, ground ivy, mouse-ear hawkweed, self heal, yarrow, ragwort, white dead-nettle, perforate St-John’s wort, blue fleabane, false oat grass and cock’s foot grass. Woundwort, green alkanet, viper’s bugloss, toadflax and wild strawberry are present on the western boundary where the site borders a

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 scrubby hedge of hawthorn and blackthorn, with occasional large oaks and ash. Species diversity appears to be slightly higher in the vicinity of the gallops, possibly because the original surface is more free-draining.

The garden of the unoccupied cottage has a higher density herb species, including ox-eye daisy, red clover, yarrow, ribwort plantain, ground ivy, smooth hawk’s beard, perennial sow-thistle, ragwort, black medick, creeping cinquefoil, yellow rattle. Grasses too appeared more diverse, with red fescue, common bent, smaller cat’s-tail, cock’s foot and false oat grass. Ornamental scrub included cotoneaster, buddleia, walnut, leylandii, with oak and silver birch.

Former areas of hard standing associated with the stables are now sparsely colonised with ephemeral short perennial species, including prickly ox-tongue, yarrow, ribwort plantain, Canadian fleabane and black medick.

A line of mature oaks runs to the east of a track, marking part of the eastern boundary, with a particularly large specimen at the northern end (Target Note 1). The southern boundary is defined by a line of beech trees.

Avifauna: The disused stables and agricultural buildings have the potential to provide nesting habitat for house martins, swifts and swallows (Target Note 3). Common garden bird species will be present, particularly within the margins and garden. Green woodpecker was seen and the paddocks provide good foraging habitat for this species. A woodpigeon eaten by sparrowhawk was also observed.

Invertebrates: The site will support common species of invertebrate, but the lack of plant diversity will limit the invertebrate interest to some extent. Ant hills were noted in the garden, indicating that the grassland has been established and probably unmanaged for several years.

Herpetofauna: The site is currently sub-optimal for this group, but it is possible that common lizard and slow worm may be present, particularly on the boundaries and within the unmanaged boundary. The apparent lack of water bodies in the area means that the presence of amphibians is unlikely.

Mammals: The various buildings within the site have the potential to support roosting bats (Target Note 3), including the tiled roofs of the stables. It was noted that the bungalow has hanging tiles, some of which have slipped, which may provide bat roosting opportunities. The mature trees on site also have bat roost potential, particularly a wood-pecker hole in a large ash tree at the southern end of the tree belt on the eastern boundary (Target Note 2). The site provides excellent foraging habitat for hedgehog.

Comments and recommendations: Any future development proposals should be accompanied by surveys for bats to include the buildings and also the mature trees bordering the track on the eastern boundary. The value of the boundary habitat to foraging bats should also be assessed. A reptile survey should also be undertaken prior to any vegetation clearance on this site and a mitigation plan drawn up as appropriate. The likely presence of hedgehog and nesting birds, including swift, should also be taken into consideration. Notwithstanding the above, any clearance of vegetation should take place outside of the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

This site is within 1,500m of any 1km grid square which has supported 5 or more stone curlew nesting attempts since 1995 and therefore requires a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) prior to the determination of any planning application.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/08 Land to rear 4 to 14B Turnpike Lane

FHDC Ref: RL/08 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69146 70074 Area: 5.4 hectares Date: 9 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Dry, hot & sunny Ranking: 4 Biodiversity value: Medium

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SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

Mown amenity grassland and scattered trees at southern end of the site, looking north

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Bare ground created by chickens. Note dry pond

Some of the farm buildings on site

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Tall ruderal vegetation dominated by common nettle along the track through the scrub

Open clearing in scrub- acid grassland colonising old track and turning area

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Cleared area in centre of the site looking south-east, development already in progress

Open acid grassland at the north end of the site, looking north-east to Heath Farm Road

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

The River Kennett looking west towards A11 bridge. Vertical banks and gravel substrate

Habitat type(s): Scrub, acid grassland, broadleaved woodland

Subsidiary habitats: River Kennett (currently dry), farm buildings, tall herb and fern, scattered trees

Site description: The site is located north of Turnpike Road and extends northwards to the A11 dual carriageway and north-east to Heath Farm Road. The River Kennett forms part of the western boundary and the boundary with Cambridgeshire.

At the southern end, part of the site is currently being used and managed by the residents in the adjacent bungalow. Areas of amenity grassland and free range chickens in fenced enclosures are present. Further north are a range of farm buildings and sheds accessed via a track behind the bungalow, which eventually meanders through the broadleaved woodland and dense scrub to Heath Field Road. There are occasional open areas of dry grassland. In addition, in the middle of the site, is an existing building plot currently under development and the area had already been cleared behind some of the new buildings, leaving a large area of bare ground.

At the northern end and adjacent to the A11 was a sizeable area of dry acid grassland accessed from Heath Farm Road. There is a public footpath along the northern boundary of the site that leads under the A11 beside the River Kennett.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Protected species seen or known:

Protected species potential: Common lizard, grass snake

Priority habitats present: Lowland dry acid grassland

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Five-banded weevil-wasp (Cerceris quinquefasciata), hedgehog

Connectivity: The site is well connected via the River Kennett. Otherwise it is enclosed by the A11 dual carriageway to the north-west, Heath Farm Road and residential property to the north and Turnpike Road to the south-east. New development is underway in the middle of the site where existing plots of land are already being developed and will form some barriers to movement for some species, particularly if fenced.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is excellent across the site with dense areas of scrub and woodland and more open grassland with scattered scrub and patches of dense bracken. This together with the River Kennett along the western boundary, albeit dry at the time of the survey, provides a range of habitats for wildlife.

Flora: At the southern end of the site, the land appears to be managed by the owner of the adjacent bungalow with mown grassland and a number of chicken pens. The chicken pens are completely bare other than occasional trees including aspen. Scattered mature trees are present in the mown grassland areas and include sycamore and ash, some of which are ivy-covered.

The large area of scrub through the centre of the site was dominated by hawthorn and locally dominant blackthorn with occasional sycamore trees. Silver birch trees were also recorded in the dense scrub and along the edge of the building plot.

The woodland was largely dominated by sycamore with ash. Dogwood and elder were recorded in the shrub layer but were generally rare throughout. Honeysuckle was also recorded. Ground flora comprised moss, common nettle and ground ivy all of which were frequent throughout and locally dominant in places. Hedge mustard was recorded in a deep pit adjacent to the river behind the farm buildings.

Along the track edges, through the scrub and wooded areas, were fringes of tall ruderal vegetation dominated by common nettle.

The grassland areas, particularly the gravelly area in the north of the site comprised frequent smooth hawk’s-beard, common centaury, common ragwort, creeping cinquefoil, Yorkshire fog, common bent, rat’s-tail fescue, with occasional common cat’s-ear, viper’s bugloss and creeping thistle. In places there

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 was locally dominant species including bracken and mouse-ear hawkweed. Numerous species were also recorded rarely in the sward and included yarrow, fairy flax, biting stone-crop, teasel, thyme- leaved sandwort, rough chervil, rosebay willowherb, false oat-grass, wild parsnip, sweet vernal grass, toadflax, lady’s bedstraw, goat’s-beard, musk mallow and sheep’s sorrel.

Broom and bramble were also recorded, along with encroaching silver birch saplings.

Hounds-tongue (declining nationally and classed as near-threatened) was recorded in the scrub. Common fumitory was noted on dumped spoil along the building plot boundary.

The River Kennett was dry along most of the length adjacent to the sites western boundary. This narrow watercourse was gravelly at its base with steep sided banks. There were occasional wet patches, such as under the bridge or under fallen trees, and hollows where water was still present. There was limited aquatic species in the watercourse but a number of species were present along the banks and included pendulous sedge, great willowherb, reed-canary grass and water forget-me-not. All were rare along the watercourse.

Avifauna: The owner of the bungalow commented that there was a rookery in the trees in the small wooded area adjacent to Turnpike Road at the south of the site. He stated that it had been present for at least 4 years. Otherwise the site is likely to support a number of other bird species across the varied habitats on the site. Scrub is particularly attractive to nesting birds.

Invertebrates: The variety of habitats on site is highly likely to attract a wide range of invertebrate species. Grasshoppers were heard in the open grassland areas and meadow brown and brimstone butterflies were recorded during the survey.

The five-banded weevil-wasp (Cercercis quinquefasciata) (a Priority Species) has been recorded in the Ordnance Survey grid square that this site is located in. There are habitats on site suitable for this species.

Herpetofauna: The site has the potential to support a population of common lizard in the dry acid grassland areas. The site offers excellent foraging and hibernation habitat. Common lizard and grass snake have been recorded on Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Site to the north (Epcad, 2001).

Mammals: The site will support a number of small mammals. The River Kennett was dry along most of its length at the time of the survey and therefore offers no suitable habitat for water voles and only limited habitat for otters which may use it for commuting between watercourses.

It is possible that trees in the wooded areas may support roosting bats. None of the farm buildings appeared to offer suitable roosting potential as many were lean-to sheds, although none were assessed in detail.

The site also contains suitable nesting, foraging and hibernating habitat for hedgehog.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Comments and recommendations: The site comprises a range of habitats and, lying adjacent to the River Kennett, forms part of the green corridor along the river. The current range of habitats is highly likely to support a wide range of wildlife including protected and Priority species. However, without management, the open grassland areas will become scrubbed over and eventually the whole site will develop into woodland that will reduce the ecological diversity of the site in time and decrease the value of the site for five-banded weevil-wasp.

The River Kennett dries out in dry hot summers but is wet during the winter and is prone to flooding according to a local resident.

Priority invertebrate species have a high potential to exist on the site and other protected species, such as common lizard and grass snake, are potentially present.

Should the site be developed then a full range of ecological surveys would be required to determine the full ecological status of the site. These should include invertebrate surveys, reptile surveys, tree assessments for bat roosts and a habitat survey in late spring/early summer (May/June) to assess the botanical status of the site as it is likely that a number of species will not have been recorded due to the late survey. If protected or Priority species are found to be present then suitable compensatory/mitigation measures must be put in place as part of any development proposal. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

Notwithstanding the above, any scrub removal needs to take place outside the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/09 Land at Greenhays Farm

FHDC Ref: RL/09 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70420 71120 Area: 1.5 hectares Date: 29 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm with late afternoon temperatures of 15°C Ranking: 4 Biodiversity value: Medium

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View north-west towards children’s nursery

View north-east across grassland (Target Note 1)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

View south into woodland (Target Note 2)

Habitat type(s): Dry grassland, broadleaved woodland, bracken

Subsidiary habitats: Scattered blackthorn scrub and dense sumac scrub

Site description: The site is situated on the southern edge of Red Lodge, south of Green Lane track and Red Lodge Heath SSSI. The northern section includes a domestic garden and an area of thick sumac scrub. The northernmost section included an area of hardstanding and buildings associated with the Greenhays children’s day-nursery. East of the nursery was a block of scattered blackthorn scrub, south-east of which is a stand of bracken. The majority of the site was grassland, with typical dry grassland features and plant species indicative of both acid and more calcareous soils, as is typical in the Brecks (Target Note 1). There is a block of broadleaved woodland in the southernmost section (Target Note 2).

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard, grass snake, slow worm, great crested newt, bats

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority species potential: Toad

Connectivity: The site lies adjacent to the larger block of RL/19 and south of Red Lodge Heath SSSI, so connectivity is excellent.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is good for a site of this size, with a mixture of grassland, woodland and scrub.

Flora: The grassland sward included false oat grass, red fescue, Yorkshire fog and common bent. Herb species included yarrow, hairy tare, common centaury, Canadian fleabane, ribwort plantain, white campion, blue fleabane, toadflax, hound’s tongue, mouse-ear hawkweed, viper’s bugloss and field scabious. In patches there was sheep sorrel and tormentil, indicating more acidic conditions. Dog lichen was present in the most free-draining and botanically sparse areas.

On the north-western boundary there was a dense stand of sumac scrub, with common mouse-ear, ladies bedstraw and Fescue sp. The domestic garden was not surveyed. A dense stand of bracken was present east of the nursery buildings, along with an area of blackthorn.

The woodland appeared semi-natural, with oak, ash, sycamore, silver birch, hawthorn and spindle. Old man’s beard was present. The ground flora was species-poor and dominated by nettle.

Avifauna: It was a sub-optimal time of year for recording this group and only magpie was recorded. The woodland and scrub will support a range of species.

Invertebrates: Common species of invertebrate will be associated with this site, but barer areas in the grassland could support ground nesting bees and wasps. There were numerous spiders in the grassland. The woodland adds variety to the site and standing deadwood provides an additional niche.

Herpetofauna: Common lizard and grass snake may be present on this site. These species have been recorded within Red Lodge Heath SSSI to the north by Epcad (2001). Slow worm may also be present. In addition, great crested newt has been recorded in the large pond within the SSSI by Epcad (2001), so may be utilising terrestrial habitats within this site. Common toad may also be present. On the northern edge of the woodland is a large rubble pile which represents excellent hibernation habitat for this group (Target Note 3).

Mammals: Rabbit, mole, fox and muntjac deer were recorded. Small mammals are likely to be present in the grassland, scrub and woodland areas. There are some mature trees, particularly in the woodland in the south of the site, which may support roosting bats.

Comments and recommendations:

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 If development is proposed on this site then a range of surveys will be required. If any large trees are to be removed or affected by the proposals then a more detailed assessment should be undertaken of the potential to support roosting bats. As reptiles and great crested newt have been recorded on Red Lodge Heath SSSI immediately to the north of this site, a detailed survey for this group is recommended and a mitigation plan drawn up as appropriate. The floristic sward is sufficiently interesting to merit a spring vegetation survey. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

Notwithstanding the above, any scrub or tree removal needs to take place outside the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/10 Land west of Elderberry Road, Kings Warren

FHDC Ref: RL/10 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70226 70895 Area: 0.5 hectares Date: 22 September 2015 Recorder: A Looser Weather conditions: Warm, dry, still Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

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View looking south-west across site

Dry ditch along the eastern boundary (Target note 1)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Scrub to north (Target Note 2)

Habitat type(s): Arable

Subsidiary habitats: Scrub

Site description: This small site lies on the northern edge of Red Lodge and is part of a cluster of sites including RL/16, RL/20 and RL/21. The land-use is arable, with a wild bird mix currently sown. The eastern boundary is defined by a swale, created in conjunction with the housing development to the east (Target Note 1). The northern boundary has a narrow bank of scrub (Target Note 2). Beyond the boundary the site is bordered by roads to the west, east and south.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority species potential: -

Connectivity: Connectivity is poor as, apart from the northern boundary, the site is surrounded by roads, with housing also present to the east and south.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is relatively poor, although the boundary habitats provide some value.

Flora: This arable site has been sown with a type of wild bird mix including quinoa and millet.

The dry ditch to the east is the most botanically interesting area, with kidney vetch, wild carrot, hare’s- foot clover, common cat’s-ear, ladies bedstraw, viper’s bugloss, yarrow, ribwort plantain, evening primrose and red fescue (Target Note 1). It is not known whether this is derived from a seed mix or from natural colonisation.

The scrub on the north and north-west boundaries is dominated by bramble, gorse and occasional poplar. The margin next to the road edge is species-poor with nettle, creeping thistle and burdock.

Avifauna: The scrub will provide some nesting opportunities for birds (Target Note 2) and the current arable crop provides a seed source for foraging birds.

Invertebrates: With the exception of the northern and eastern boundaries, this represents poor habitat for this group. A small white butterfly was noted and other common butterfly species may be present. The grassland along the eastern boundary may support ground-nesting bees and wasps.

Herpetofauna: The site is sub-optimal for this group, but it is possible that species such as common lizard may be present on the boundaries in low numbers.

Mammals: The habitat is sub-optimal for this group but small mammals may be associated with the boundaries and a fox scat was noted.

Comments and recommendations: Any clearance of the scrub should take place outside of the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive). At the time of this survey, the only suitable habitat for reptiles is the narrow margins of the site. Due to the possibility that reptile species may be present, a mitigation plan should be drawn up to ensure that any clearance of perimeter vegetation avoids killing and injury of any reptiles. If the habitat changes in time, such as if the field is left fallow, then a full survey for reptiles should be undertaken and an appropriate mitigation plan implemented.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

A study undertaken by Footprint Ecology on behalf of Forest Heath DC and St Edmundsbury BC

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 identified that over half of visitors to Breckland SPA locations within the districts lived within 7.5km of the SPA. It is therefore considered that new residential development within 7.5km of the SPA will result in increased numbers of visitors accessing the SPA; this could in turn result in significant impacts on the features for which the SPA is designated. Prior to granting planning consent for residential development at this site the proposed development should be assessed under the requirements of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) (as amended) to determine whether it is likely to result in a likely significant effect on the SPA, either alone or in-combination with other plans or projects.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/11 Land East of Turnpike Road

FHDC Ref: RL/11 Site status: Part is within Red Lodge Heath SSSI Grid ref: TL 69481 69953 Area: 0.9 hectares Date: 4 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Dry, hot, sunny Ranking: 1 (for SSSI area) (6 for hard standing) Biodiversity value: High for SSSI, low for hard standing

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Hard standing of lorry park adjacent to A1085 (Turnpike Road)

Area of dense mature scrub which forms part of Red Lodge Heath SSSI

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Dense stand of bracken in a small clearing in the dense scrub

Semi-mature oak trees and tall ruderal vegetation along the northern boundary adjacent to the SSSI

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Habitat type(s): Hard standing, dense scrub, bracken, broadleaved woodland

Subsidiary habitats: Tall ruderal vegetation, scattered trees

Site description: This small site lies adjacent to the A1085 (Turnpike Road) in Red Lodge. Half of the site is used as a lorry park. The remaining area (the southern part of the site) comprises dense scrub and is included within the boundary of Red Lodge Heath SSSI. The SSSI also abuts the site on the both the northern and eastern sides. To the south lies an area of new residential development.

The fringe of vegetation around the lorry park on the northern and eastern boundaries largely comprised tall ruderal species such as docks and common mugwort.

Protected species seen or known: Great crested newt, grass snake, common lizard (Epcad, 2001)

Protected species potential: Bats

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Hedgehog

Connectivity: The site is surrounded on two sides by Red Lodge Heath SSSI and the southern half of the site is located within the SSSI boundary.

Structural diversity: The hard standing of the lorry park area offers no structural diversity. The remainder of the site has limited structural diversity with tall dense scrub and an open area dominated by bracken in the southern half with tall ruderal vegetation in a fringe along the northern and eastern boundaries.

Flora: The small area of scrub comprised hawthorn and blackthorn. There was a mature oak tree in the south- east corner of the site and three mature oak trees along the northern boundary in the lorry park area. Within the dense scrub was a small clearing that was dominated by bracken. Ground flora comprised common nettle under the scrub.

Along the northern and eastern boundary of the lorry park was a 1-2 m strip of tall ruderal vegetation.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Avifauna: No birds of note were recorded during the survey, but the visit took place late in the bird breeding season. Bird species present would be most likely confined to the small area of scrub within the site.

Invertebrates: It is considered likely that the site supports a limited range of common species. The rare invertebrates associated with dry grassland and wet woodland with ponds in the wider SSSI are considered unlikely to use the habitats on this site.

Herpetofauna: Great crested newt, grass snake and common lizard were recorded within the former Red Lodge CWS (now Red Lodge Heath SSSI) in 2001. The scrub habitat on this site could provide hibernation habitat for this group.

Mammals: Trees within the wooded area could not be accessed to assess their potential for roosting bats due to the presence of dense scrub. Hedgehog may hibernate in the areas of scrub within the SSSI.

Comments and recommendations: The southern half of the site is part of Red Lodge Heath SSSI and the SSSI should be protected from any development. The northern part of the site is hard standing and is of low ecological value. However, it should be ensured that any development of this area does adversely impact on the SSSI or the species that it supports. This should also include limiting the effects of any light spillage into the SSSI. In addition, trees outside of the SSSI should be assessed for their potential to support roosting bats.

At the time of this survey the only suitable habitat for reptiles outside of the SSSI was the narrow margin around the hard standing. Due to the possibility that reptile species may be present, a mitigation plan should be drawn up to ensure that any clearance of perimeter vegetation avoids killing and injury of any reptiles. If the habitat improves for reptiles over time, then a full survey for this group should be undertaken and an appropriate mitigation plan implemented.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/12 Land east of Warren Road

FHDC Ref: RL/12 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL70448 69570 Area: 11.4 hectares Date: 4 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Dry, hot & sunny Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

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Arable field looking south to the Scot’s Pine line

6m margin adjacent to plantation broadleaved woodland ‘Beech Belt’, looking west

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Farm track adjacent to plantation coniferous woodland ‘Ella’s Plantation’ running along the eastern boundary. Note Scot’s Pine line along the southern boundary

Tall hedgerow with trees along Warren Road on the western boundary of the site, looking north

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Habitat type(s): Arable

Subsidiary habitats: Plantation broadleaved woodland; Scot’s pine line; species-poor hedgerow with trees

Site description: The site is currently in arable production with a crop of sugar beet. It is bounded to the north by residential development and plantation broadleaved woodland known as ‘Beech Belt’. To the east there is a Scot’s Pine tree line and blocks of plantation coniferous woodland (‘Ella’s Plantation’) with areas of species-poor semi-improved grassland. Another Scot’s pine line abuts the southern boundary. Warren Road and a species-poor hedgerow with trees form the boundary along the western edge of the site.

There is a 6m margin along the northern boundary, a farm track along the eastern boundary leading to other arable fields and a wide 12m margin along the southern boundary adjacent to the Scot’s pines.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Bats, common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Brown hare, skylark

Connectivity: The site is currently connected to the wider countryside via the plantation woodland belts of trees and the roadside hedgerow. Significant development is ongoing in Red Lodge and a new development is present on the north side of the site adjacent to the track and ‘Beech Belt’, further limiting connectivity for some species, northwards.

Structural diversity: There was limited structural diversity other than the tall rough grassland and tall ruderal species that had developed along the fields margins and the trees in the woodland belt and pine lines.

Flora: The main part of the site is currently in arable production. There were wide field margins along the northern and southern boundaries of the site comprising coarse grasses such as common couch, false- oat grass, Timothy and sterile brome. Tall ruderal species included frequently occurring common mugwort and hemlock; and rarely occurring cotton thistle and black horehound. Flixweed was rarely recorded along the edge of the field margin. Flixweed is a Breckland speciality inhabiting regularly disturbed arable land.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

‘Beech Belt’ comprises a belt of broadleaved trees dominated by beech with sycamore occurring occasionally and pedunculate oak and elm occurring rarely. There was an understory of privet and Mahonia probably planted as game cover.

The hedgerow along Warren Road comprised frequent hawthorn with occasionally occurring dogwood and spindle; and rarely occurring dog-rose and elm. Trees include ash and sycamore, some of which were covered in dense ivy. There was the occasional dead/dying standing tree.

Avifauna: The arable field is likely to be used by ground-nesting birds such as skylark. The boundary features will also be utilised by nesting birds, including species typical of farmland.

Invertebrates: The site is only likely to support a limited range of common invertebrate species.

Herpetofauna: Survey work on RL/06 undertaken by Aspect Ecology (2013) found a low population of grass snake, common lizard and slow worm on the central and southern sections this site, which is situated to the north of RL/12. It is therefore possible that reptiles such as common lizard could also be present in the margins of this site.

There was no potential for breeding great crested newts, although the habitats bordering the site do provide suitable terrestrial habitat for them. Great crested newts were recorded in the large pond in Red Lodge Heath SSSI, situated 650m to the north-west by Epcad (2001). However, the presence of this species on site is unlikely, unless there is another hitherto unknown breeding pond in the south-east area of Red Lodge.

Mammals:

The trees in ’Beech Plantation’, the Scot’s pines and trees in the roadside hedgerow could support roosting bats. A number of trees were covered in dense ivy, especially those in the roadside hedgerow.

Comments and recommendations: The bulk of site is of low ecological value. However, further surveys are required to assess the trees in ‘Beech Belt’; the Scot’s Pines along the eastern and southern boundaries plus trees in the hedgerow along Warren Road to determine their suitability to support roosting bats in advance of any development.

A breeding bird survey is recommended. Notwithstanding the above, any tree or hedgerow removal should be undertaken outside the main bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

At the time of this survey, the only suitable habitat for reptiles is the margins of the site. Due to the possibility that reptile species may be present, further surveys and a mitigation plan, as appropriate, should be drawn up to ensure that any clearance of perimeter vegetation avoids killing and injury of any reptiles. If the habitat changes in time, such as if the field is left fallow, then a full survey for reptiles should be undertaken and an appropriate mitigation plan implemented.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

References: Aspect Ecology (May 2013) Land East of Red Lodge, Suffolk. Ecological Assessment

Epcad: Ecology and Landscape Planning. (2001). Land at Red Lodge. Results of Further Survey Work and an Assessment of the Potential Mitigation Opportunities at Red Lodge and Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Sites.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/13 Land West of Newmarket Road

FHDC Ref: RL/13 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69937 70837 Area: 4.1 hectares Date: 4 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Dry, hot & sunny Ranking: 6 Biodiversity value: Low

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View from Elms Road, looking north-east

View from Newmarket Road, looking south-west

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

View along Elms Road. Note mown grassland on low embankment

Habitat type(s): Arable

Subsidiary habitats: Young oaks and planted section of hedgerow; mown amenity grassland; tall ruderal vegetation

Site description: The site is triangular in shape and bounded by the A11 slip road and southbound carriageway of the A11 on the northern boundary, Newmarket Road on the eastern boundary and Elms Road on the southern boundary. The site was in arable production at the time of the survey and had a crop of barley.

There was a short section of planted hedgerow at the northern end of Newmarket Road near the roundabout. Species noted included field maple and silver birch. There were two young oak trees on the corner of Elms Road and Newmarket Road in the verge and a young oak in the verge along Elms Road.

Tall ruderal vegetation dominated the verge along Newmarket Road for almost its entire length. This comprised hemlock and bracken.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Skylark

Connectivity: The site is not connected to any other habitats and is cut off by roads and residential development, although the A11 corridor may provide a link to other habitats and sites close by. The new development on the south side of Elms Road may limit successful colonisation and migration to and from the nearby Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Site.

Structural diversity: Limited

Flora: The field was in arable production at the time of the survey. Most of the botanical interest lies on the embankment of the new development along Elms Road opposite this site where species typical of dry grassland were prominent such as smooth hawk’s-beard, lady’s bedstraw, creeping cinquefoil, red fescue and common bent. Taller species included black horehound, cotton thistle and perforated St John’s-wort. Garden escapes were also noted including evening primrose.

Avifauna: There was limited potential for birds on or adjacent to the site. The young section of hedge has not matured significantly to provide suitable nesting habitat for most bird species. Skylark may nest within the field.

Invertebrates: A limited range of common species is expected to be present in habitats adjacent to the site.

Herpetofauna: There was limited habitat for common reptiles on the site, although there is some limited potential along the southern boundary adjacent to Elms Road where there are some basking opportunities on the bank. However, this is short mown so currently unsuitable.

Mammals: There is limited potential for mammals on the site.

Comments and recommendations: The site is generally isolated from other habitat and wildlife sites within the Red Lodge area. The A11 may provide a corridor for some species for migration purposes, the recent development along Elms Road has formed a barrier to movement to the nearby Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife site other than via the A11 embankment.

Overall the site, in its current isolated condition, has limited value for wildlife.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/15 Land North and East of Red Lodge, Either Side of A11

FHDC Ref: RL/15 Site status: No overall designation but Worlington Chalk Pit CWS lies within the site Grid ref: TL 69878 72079 (centre of west section) TL 71239 71521 (centre of east section) Area: 302 hectares Date: 3 & 4 July 2015 (west) & 9 July 2015 (east) Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Hot, dry & sunny Ranking: Variable depending on the location within this large site Biodiversity value: Variable, depending on the location within this large site

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Section of site East of A11

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Section of site West of A11

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View looking south-west towards Bay Farm buildings on the west side of the A11. Note Worlington Chalk Pit CWS is in the background

Bay Farm track with arable weed flora and abundant prickly poppy, looking north (Target Note 5)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Acid grassland in woodland clearing (Target Note 1)

Restored gravel pit sown with species-rich grassland. Low lying area in foreground (Target Note 4)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Active gravel pit with water-filled lagoons (Target Note 3)

Hedgerows along Worlington Road, looking south

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Northlodge cottages adjacent to A11 on the east. Potential for roosting bats (Target Note 7)

Typical grass track and grassland adjacent to woodland belt with dry acid grassland

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Dry chalk grassland adjacent to Barton Mills Chalk Pit CWS (which lies on the north-eastern boundary of site RL/15)

White horehound in Worlington Chalk Pit CWS

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Habitat type(s): West: Arable, livestock (pigs), East: Arable. Dry acid grassland, dry chalk grassland, active and restored gravel pits

Subsidiary habitats: Coniferous woodland belts; plantation broadleaved woodland

Site description: This very large site is situated north of Red Lodge and extends west and east of the A11 dual carriageway. Although the land use is dominated by arable farming, there is also a mix of other habitats types. It is therefore not possible to reliably assign an overall biodiversity value to this site.

West of the A11, the site is characterized by extensive cultivated arable fields growing sugar beet, potatoes, wheat and rye bounded by coniferous woodland belts, plantation broadleaved woodland. This is intermixed with free range pig farming, active gravel extraction pits (Target Note 3) and restored gravel extraction areas (Target Note 4), plus a solar park. Worlington Chalk Pit County Wildlife Site (CWS) is located within the west part of this site.

To the east, again the site is characterized by extensive arable fields with crops of winter wheat, carrots, rye and sugar beet bounded by mostly coniferous woodland belts, although many are dominated by beech. In addition, on the east of the A11 many of the fields also have wide grassy field margins around them. Immediately adjacent to the north-east boundary of the site is Barton Mills Chalk Pit CWS.

The botanical interest is largely limited to the grassland areas along tracks, uncropped areas, rides and clearings in the woodland blocks and the restored gravel extraction site on the west side of the A11. However within these areas there is a number of interesting plant species, some of which are classed as Nationally Scarce. The bird and invertebrate interest is also likely to be greatest in these areas. Protected species seen or known:

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: Lowland acid grassland; lowland calcareous grassland

Priority species seen or known: Scarce four-dot pin-palp, cinnabar moth and broad-leaved cudweed in CWS (2002), basil thyme (2015 in CWS) Skylark (2015)

Priority species potential: Brown hare, linnet, yellowhammer, grey partridge, stone curlew, small heath butterfly

Connectivity: The site is very large and connectivity between habitats is restricted largely to woodland shelterbelts, and tracks. The only hedgerows were those associated with Worlington Road on the west side of the A11, a new planted hedgerow in the restored gravel extraction pit and hedgerows leading to Northlodge

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 cottages and Chalkhill cottages along Park Farm Drive.

The only water bodies were deep water filled pits associated with the active gravel extraction site on the west of the A11 and a balancing pond at the junction of Worlington Road and the A11. There were no rivers or wet ditches.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is restricted to habitats around the arable fields and in these areas the structural diversity is good with tall trees, limited scrub and various grasslands around the margins, in clearings and rides through the trees and in uncropped areas.

Flora: Much of the grassland on both sides of the A11 was dry acid grassland comprising species such as common bent, sand sedge, prickly sedge, biting stonecrop, Lady’s bedstraw, red fescue, smaller cat’s- tail, rat-tailed fescue, sheep’s sorrel, hairy sedge in places and smooth hawk’s beard. Species characteristic of more calcareous soils were also recorded including wild carrot, wild parsnip and mouse-eared hawkweed. Species characteristic of disturbed sandy soils such as loose silky-bent (Nationally Scarce) and thyme-leaved sandwort were also recorded.

Of interest were the records of bur medick (Nationally Scarce) in the woodland clearing (TL 70801 72331; Target Note 1) and a broomrape species in the grassland on Chalk Hill (Target Note 2). Taller species included viper’s bugloss, common mugwort, common ragwort, musk thistle, perforated St John’s-wort and common teasel.

Prickly poppy along with common fumitory, common poppy, sun spurge, flixweed, fool’s parsley and loose silky bent were recorded along a farm track north of Bay Farm (TL702285 72240; Target Note 5).

In the restored gravel pit, presumed sown with a grass mix, the grassland typically comprised red fescue, common knapweed, Lady’s bedstraw, meadow vetchling, crested dog’s tail, ox-eye daisy, tall melilot, meadow foxtail, and meadow clary amongst others. There was a low-lying area (Target Note 4) that had recently dried out which comprised marsh foxtail and pink water-speedwell. Annual beard- grass (Polypogon monspeliensis) was also recorded which is a Nationally Scarce species associated with drier salt marshes, coastal grazing marshes and brackish ditches as well as being a casual of waste ground at inland sites where it may have spread from gardens (Sanford & Fisk 2010). In this location it is highly likely to have been accidentally introduced onto this site.

Hedgerows were typically species-poor and dominated by a mixture of hawthorn, blackthorn with occasional privet.

Woodland belts were either dominated by Scot’s pine or beech. In the mixed plantations other species included pedunculate oak, cherry, ash, and sycamore. Aspen and walnut trees were recorded along Park Farm Drive.

Worlington Chalk Pit CWS is within the site boundary. The site was surveyed but significant areas were inaccessible due to the presence of dense scrub. It is accessed via a farm track that leads to an open area where derelict chicken barns are located. The areas around these have become colonised by tall ruderal species and coarse grass (false oat-grass and Yorkshire fog) and ephemeral short perennial species. Scrub is also encroaching into the open areas. The CWS is important for herb-rich chalk

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 grassland species and the citation includes ploughman’s spikenard, dwarf thistle, kidney vetch, cat- mint, wild basil and tall melilot. Previously 100 spikes of southern marsh orchid have been recorded in the CWS. Sandy areas supported cudweed spp, fern grass and blue fleabane.

The survey undertaken on 4 July recorded a number of the species listed above but no orchids were found. Ploughman’s spikenard, common centaury, Lady’s bedstraw, hound’s tongue (Near Threatened) and crested hair-grass were recorded on the eastern embankment. There were still small areas of chalk grassland and these comprised species such as kidney vetch, wild thyme, fairy flax, black medick, red fescue, welted thistle, soft brome, slender and perforated St John’s-wort, wild basil, basil thyme (Suffolk Priority Species – declining nationally and classed as Vulnerable) , mouse-eared hawkweed and red barstia.

Of the taller species encountered white and tall melilot, black horehound and white horehound (Nationally scarce), dark and great mullein, hemlock, viper’s bugloss, spear thistle, rough chervil, rosebay willowherb, mignonette, hogweed and weld were all present.

Parts of the CWS were dominated by tall ruderal vegetation. In the areas around the old chicken barns were species such as scentless mayweed, lesser swine-cress, annual meadow-grass, great lettuce and opium poppy.

Avifauna: Skylarks were heard singing above many of the arable fields on both sides of the A11. Buzzards were recorded on the west side of the A11 near the gravel pits. Wading birds may utilise the gravel pit and lagoons on the west side of the A11. The foreman of the gravel extraction site stated that sand martins nested in the sandy cliff faces of the quarry. The whole site is likely to support a wide range of bird species including priority species such as grey partridge, yellowhammer and linnet. The arable fields may also provide suitable habitat for nesting stone curlew.

Invertebrates: Invertebrate interest is most likely to be confined to the habitats associated with the grasslands and margins along tracks, in clearings and any remnant habitats across the site and possibly Worlington Chalk Pit CWS. The Priority Species cinnabar moth and scarce four-dot pin-palp (a beetle) have previously been recorded in the CWS. Small heath may be present where there are finer grasses acting as the larval food plant. Otherwise the invertebrate interest is likely to be low in areas of regularly cultivated nature of arable land.

Numerous grasshoppers were heard in the grassland in the restored gravel pit.

Herpetofauna: Common lizard are considered likely to be present in some areas across this large site but mostly confined to grass tracks and verges and woodland rides, clearings and uncropped areas where they can forage and bask. This species has been recorded on Red Lodge Warren CWS and Red Lodge Heath SSSI by Epcad in 2001 and also on RL/06 by Aspect Ecology in 2013.

There were no natural ponds across the site and the only water bodies of note were those created from the gravel extraction works. These are all relatively newly formed and therefore it is considered unlikely that species such as great crested newt would have colonised them at the present time.

Mammals:

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 While there are trees that probably could support roosting bats, the large open arable fields do not provide ideal commuting or foraging habitat for most species. There are relatively few continuous linear features that could be used by bats for commuting. Other potential roosting sites might include Northlodge Cottages (Target Note 7) and Chalkhill Cottages (Target Note 8). The electricity sub- station building (Target Note 9) adjacent to the telephone mast may also provide bat roosting potential, although no evidence was recorded. There is a thatched cottage (North Lodge) adjacent to the site boundary on the east side of the A11 that could also offer roosting potential (Target Note 10).

There is also a record from 2006 of a polecat road casualty in the area. Brown hare is likely to be present.

Common mammals will also be present, including various species of deer, grey squirrel, fox and various small mammals.

Comments and recommendations: The site is very large and comprises large open arable fields of low ecological value bounded by woodland shelter belts and/or tracks. Many fields have wide field margins around them. This increases the habitat resource. The main areas of ecological interest lie in the areas of remnant acid and calcareous grassland, uncropped areas and some of the tracks around the site.

Industrial use of some areas on the west side of the A11 has resulted in a mosaic of habitats, some of which have been created including new woodland planting, a new hedge and species-rich grassland in the restored quarry but also exposed chalk and sand during excavation works. Water-filled lagoons also add potential new wetland habitat in this otherwise dry area.

Uncultivated areas across the site have been colonised by typical dry grasslands and this suggests that acid/calcareous grassland could readily develop if arable cropping ceased with the best opportunities for colonisation being areas adjacent to existing established remnant habitats.

Should this site be developed, the very large size of the site suggests that a thorough ecological suite of surveys is required to ensure that areas of greatest interest are preserved and/or incorporated into any planning design and protected and priority species are identified and included in any mitigation proposals.

For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

The eastern section of this site is within 1,500m of parts of the Breckland Special Protection Area (SPA) designated for supporting stone curlew and therefore requires a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) prior to the determination of any planning application.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

References: Aspect Ecology (May 2013) Land East of Red Lodge, Suffolk. Ecological Assessment.

Sanford M. & Fisk R. (2010). A Flora of Suffolk. D.K & M. N. Sanford, Ipswich.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/16 Employment Land North of Hundred Acre Way

FHDC Ref: RL/16 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70420 71120 Area: 7.9 hectares Date: 29 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm with rising temperatures up to 15°C Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

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View across site to north showing substantial tree-belts

View west across poor semi-improved grassland in east of site with mounds and tall ruderal vegetation in distance

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Habitat type(s): Arable, poor semi-improved grassland

Subsidiary habitats: Tree belts

Site description: The site is situated on the northern edge of Red Lodge and is part of a cluster of sites including RL/10, RL/20 and RL/21. The land-use of the majority of the site is arable, with a wild bird mix currently sown. An access road runs east-west across the site, with the largest area north of this road and two separate blocks to the south. Two tree belts run north-south across the northern section and another thick tree belt runs along most of the western boundary, adjacent to the A11. On the eastern edge of the site is a rectangular area which to the north was dominated by ruderal species and a large mound, but is developing a grassier sward to the south. This area was used as the site compound during construction of the large building in 2008, off-site to the east. There is a small area of diverse tall ruderal habitat east of the Sewage Treatment Works in the south-west corner.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: Brown hare

Priority species potential: Skylark

Connectivity: Connectivity is largely restricted to the pine lines and tree belts, although these form part of the wider network of tree and woodland features in this part of Red Lodge.

Structural diversity: Poor within the arable fields, but the ruderal/poor semi-improved grassland and tree belts provide some structural diversity across the site.

Flora: The banks and field margins bordering the arable fields are vegetated with a range of common species including barren brome, red fescue, false oat grass, cock’s-foot grasses, with wild carrot, common mallow, dandelion, evening primrose, white deadnettle, black horehound, yarrow, mignonette, mugwort, ribwort plantain, upright hedge parsley, fumitory spp and occasional cotton thistle on the roadside bank. A small section of bank in the north, adjacent to the A11, was more diverse and included Lady’s bedstraw, wild parsnip, toadflax and red fescue. The arable fields have been sown with a wild bird mix including quinoa and millet.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

A small area east of the Sewage Treatment Works in the south-east corner included a mixture of ruderal and scattered gorse scrub. Mugwort, ragwort, wild carrot, viper’s bugloss, ribwort plantain, red clover, yarrow and sickle medick (Medicago sativa Subsp falcata) (Nationally Scarce) (Target Note 1). This native perennial readily hybridizes with Lucerne.

Tree and scrub species along the western boundary include Scot’s Pine, white poplar, oak, rose and alder buckthorn, with the non-native garden escape Mahonia. The diagonal tree belts include oak, many of which are ivy covered, with occasional hawthorn and rose. A thick beech, oak and poplar belt to the north of the off-site building has an understorey of elder and snowberry.

The rectangular field on the eastern side, west of the existing building was dominated by ruderal species to the north, with hemlock, mugwort, Canadian fleabane, perennial sow thistle, bristly ox- tongue, yarrow, groundsel, wood small-reed, ragwort and occasional false oat grass and cock’s foot grass. Further south the sward became more grassy, with abundant red fescue and occasional wild carrot.

Avifauna: It was a sub-optimal time of year for recording this group but a kestrel and a buzzard were recorded during survey visits to the block of sites in this part of Red Lodge. The arable seed mix will provide a food source for farmland birds. Skylark could be present within the wider arable block. The tree belts will provide roosting, nesting and foraging habitat for a range of bird species.

Invertebrates: There are limited opportunities for this group. Common species of invertebrates will be associated with the banks and tree belts.

Herpetofauna: Most of this site is unsuitable for this group, although a low population of common lizard may be associated with the grassy banks and field margins (Target Note 2). A series of mounds in the south- east within the arable area may provide basking habitat if reptiles can access this area (Target Note 3).

Mammals: This site is largely unsuitable for this group although mole was recorded in the field margins. The pines may have limited features suitable for supporting roosting bats and a further check is advisable if larger trees are to be felled. A young brown hare was recorded in the grassland in the south-east corner of the site.

Comments and recommendations: The majority of this site is of low value to biodiversity. The pine lines and young scrub offer limited nesting opportunities for birds, so any removal should take place outside the bird nesting season (March to August inclusive). If any large pine trees are to be removed then a more detailed assessment should be undertaken of the potential to support roosting bats.

As reptiles have been recorded on a nearby site (RL/06) further survey for this group is recommended and a mitigation plan drawn up as appropriate.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA A study undertaken by Footprint Ecology on behalf of Forest Heath DC and St Edmundsbury BC

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/18 Land south of The Carrops

FHDC Ref: RL/18 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69424 69715 Area: 1.37 hectares Date: 9 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Dry, hot, sunny Ranking: 4 Biodiversity value: Medium

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SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

Access track through site. Ephemeral short perennial vegetation colonising the hard surfaces either side

Scrub covered rubble on site providing ideal hibernacula for reptiles

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Habitats at the north-western end of the site, with bare ground, ephemeral short perennial and scrub encroaching onto site

The dry watercourse from the arable field showing the ditch dominated by common nettle

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

The River Kennett looking south-east from Turnpike Road

Habitat type(s) Bare ground; dense scrub; ephemeral short perennial

Subsidiary habitats: Scattered trees along dry watercourse and scattered scrub

Site description: The site is located along an access road off Tarragon Walk leading to industrial units and a Recycling Centre. The site appears to be a former industrial site. There is evidence of an old access road and areas of hard-standing that have now become colonised by ephemeral short perennial vegetation which are developing into grassland in places with both scattered and dense bramble scrub and tall ruderal vegetation. There are piles of rubble scattered throughout the site. The site abuts a dry watercourse that feeds into the River Kennett along the south-western boundary, to the north is Turnpike Road and to the south further industrial units. Trees are present along the watercourse for much of the sites length and further trees are present along the boundary fence along the access road.

There is evidence of anti-social activities due to the large number of discarded bottles on site.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: Five-banded weevil-wasp

Connectivity: The site is connected via the dry ditch to the River Kennett and the open countryside beyond. Both the ditch and the River Kennett were dry at the time of the survey.

Structural diversity: The mosaic of dense and scattered scrub with short vegetation and taller plants and trees provide a good range of structural diversity across the site.

Flora: The short ephemeral vegetation which has colonised the hard surfaces of this old industrial site include bryophytes, common centaury, scarlet pimpernel, common stork’s-bill, self-heal, doves-foot crane’s- bill and black medick. Taller species include evening primrose, viper’s bugloss, mignonette, teasel, dark mullein, great mullein, weld, cotton thistle, common mugwort, vervain and perforate St John’s- wort. There are additional species recorded on site all of which are generally rare across the site. Species of interest included hound’s tongue and common cudweed (both species are declining nationally and classed as Near Threatened), wild basil and buckthorn plantain.

The tall ruderal vegetation tended to be dominated by common nettle and this species has colonised the ditch in places.

In places the vegetation has developed from ephemeral short perennial species to a more grassy habitat with these areas becoming colonised by grasses and species more typical of dry grassland including common bent, Yorkshire fog, wild carrot and common ragwort.

Wild clematis, hedge bindweed and white bryony were recorded on the fences and other structures on site. Opium poppy and buddleia were also recorded on site, along with the evening primrose. These are either garden escapes or introduced casuals.

Avifauna: The dense scrub will provide bird nesting and roosting habitat for a range of species including migrant warblers. The potential disturbance from people accessing the site, the busy nature of the access road to the east and the residential development with lighting all suggest this is a sub-optimal site for ground nesting birds, although a predated pheasant’s egg was noted on site.

Invertebrates: The site is highly likely to support a wide range of invertebrate species. Common butterflies were noted during the survey and included gatekeeper, meadow brown, large white and ringlet. Bees and grasshoppers were also noted actively foraging on the range of species present on the site. Open habitats within the site may support the five-banded weevil-wasp which is record on Red Lodge Heath SSSI to the north-east.

Herpetofauna: The site is suitable for common lizard which has been recorded on the nearby SSSI (Epcad, 2001).

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Their presence will largely depend on when the site was abandoned. There are a number of good habitats and piles of rubble present on the site and this will provide excellent basking opportunities and refugia for hibernation purposes.

Mammals: Common mammals will be present such a various small mammals and muntjac deer. The watercourse along the western boundary was dry and overgrown with terrestrial vegetation and/or shaded by trees. The lack of water suggests that species such as water vole and otter are highly unlikely to be present. Although the watercourse feeds into the River Kennett, this watercourse had all but dried up along its length with only an occasional wet puddle present.

With regards to trees supporting roosting bats, there were no obvious features noted during the survey other than some are covered in ivy. However, many were inaccessible due to the presence of dense bramble and could not be fully assessed. Parts of the site may be used by foraging bats.

Comments and recommendations: The site has developed an interesting range of botanical species and there may also be other species of interest including invertebrates, reptiles and bats.

Any development proposals at this site should be accompanied by detailed botanical (early flowering species), invertebrate, reptile, breeding bird and bat surveys, with mitigation plans as appropriate. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

Notwithstanding the above, any scrub removal needs to take place this must be done outside bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

In addition, any future development of the site should also seek to ensure that connectivity of habitats is maintained along the south-western boundary.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/19 Land South of Green Lane

FHDC Ref: RL/19 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 69777 69631 Area: 10.2 hectares Date: 4 July 2015 Recorder: A Sherwood Weather conditions: Hot, dry & sunny Ranking: 3 (may be higher following detailed surveys) Biodiversity value: Medium (may be higher following detailed surveys)

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Green Lane showing the mature hedge along the northern boundary of the site

Tall rough grassland and scattered scrub on parts of the site

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Standing dead wood in the north-west corner of the site with bat roost potential (Target Note 1)

Species-rich grassland, scattered scrub and bare ground on the site

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Bare areas of chalk close to the disused quarry area on the eastern part of the site

Disused chalk pit with areas of open chalk and scrub encroachment on the eastern part of the site

Habitat type(s): Species-rich neutral grassland (possibly sown); calcareous grassland

Subsidiary habitats: Scrub; bare ground and trees

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site description: The site is located south of Green Lane, accessed via Tarragon Walk and directly opposite Red Lodge Heath SSSI. The western boundary abuts Greenhays Farm (RL/09), the southern boundary abuts a track and the eastern boundary abuts The White House Stud (RL/07). The main area of the site appears to be a closed landfill site with ‘chimneys’ that allow gases to escape dotted around the area. It is unknown whether the capped site has been previously sown with a grassland mix, but irrespective of this the site now developed a habitat mosaic with more characteristic calcareous species as well as neutral grassland with scrub. The eastern section of the site is a disused chalk quarry that has become scrubbed over in places with some dense areas of scrub and woodland and groups of trees around the periphery. The woodland areas are dominated by broadleaved trees, but some coniferous trees are also present.

A built area (outside of the survey area) extends into the site along the northern boundary. This was fenced off from the site along the northern and western sides.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Bats; common lizard; slow worm; grass snake; great crested newt

Priority habitats present: Lowland calcareous grassland

Priority species seen or known: Small heath (2008)

Priority species potential: Five-banded weevil-wasp; turtle dove

Connectivity: The site borders Red Lodge Heath SSSI to the north and is only divided from this site by a narrow track known as Green Lane. To the east is the former White House Stud (RL/07), with its large grassy paddocks and mature trees and to the west is Greenhays Farm, a mixture of grassland and mature woodland. The site is therefore situated in a larger habitat block of grassland, woodland and mature trees which connect to the wider environment.

Structural diversity: The site has excellent structural diversity with areas of dense and scattered scrub, bare ground, tall rough grassland, species-rich grassland cliff faces and tree belts.

Flora: The site comprises a mosaic of grassland and scrub habitats across the main part of the site with areas dominated by Yorkshire fog and patches dominated by wood small-reed and hairy sedge. In between these species-poor coarse grass areas there were patches with a wide variety of species with frequent bird’s-foot trefoil, ribwort plantain, yarrow and creeping cinquefoil. Red fescue was abundant in places with frequent common bent and occasional cock’s-foot. Other forbs included frequent common centaury with occasional common mugwort, common nettle, perforate St John’s-wort and teasel. Species recorded rarely included hound’s-tongue (declining nationally and classed as near-threatened), Lady’s bedstraw, germander speedwell, fairy flax, agrimony, wild carrot, wild strawberry, hard rush,

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 common and musk mallows, common restharrow, horseradish, silverweed, mignonette, biting stonecrop, self heal, smooth meadow-grass, black medick, dove’s foot crane’s-bill, ground ivy and violets.

In damper lower lying patches creeping bent and creeping buttercup were noted.

In the disused quarry, much of the area was bare chalk with encroaching scrub, mostly silver birch. Where species had colonised the bare chalk there were patches dominated by wild strawberry and mouse-eared hawkweed with frequent common centaury and colt’s-foot. Common comfrey and buddleia was also recorded.

Woodland trees included silver birch, Scot’s pine and sycamore. A small group of poplar trees was present on the edge of the quarry.

The defunct overgrown hedge along the northern boundary comprised hawthorn. A tree belt replaces the hedge at the western end and comprised young oak and Scot’s pine.

Avifauna: No birds of particular note were recorded on site during the survey, but the survey took place after the breeding season so timing was sub-optimal for this group. A range of bird species is considered likely to use this undisturbed site and the scrub will provide important habitat for warblers. The scrub/ grassland mosaic may be suitable for the highly endangered turtle dove.

Invertebrates: The site is highly likely to support a wide range of invertebrates, some of which may be scarce. Small heath butterfly was recorded on site in 2008. The five-banded weevil-wasp is recorded on the SSSI to the north and the habitat on site is highly suitable for this species. Grasshoppers were heard during the survey and ant hills were present in the neutral grassland highlighting the undisturbed nature of the site.

Herpetofauna: The site is highly likely to support reptiles such as common lizard and this species has been recorded on the SSSI to the north, along with grass snake (Epcad, 2001). Slow worm may also be present as this species has been recorded on RL/06 by Aspect Ecology (2013).

Great crested newt have been recorded on the SSSI to the north (Epcad, 2001) and may be present on this site as there is suitable terrestrial habitat.

Mammals: The site will support a range of small mammals and other common species of mammal such as muntjac deer and fox. Access to certain areas was restricted by the presence of fences and dense scrub making it difficult to assess the site fully.

Some of the trees on site could potentially support roosting bats. There was one dead standing tree in the north-west corner of the site with cracks and splits that may provide suitable roosting habitat (Target Note 1).

Comments and recommendations: This former quarry and landfill site has developed an interesting and varied range of semi-natural habitats likely to support a range of species, including those more characteristic of calcareous

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 grassland, along with protected and/or Priority species. The SSSI to the north has been designated primarily for its dry acid grassland, chalk grassland and lichen heath and for its assemblage of nationally rare and nationally scarce invertebrates. As a consequence, the habitat mosaic within the site complements the ecological features within Red Lodge Heath SSSI and may support some of the same species for which the SSSI is designated.

Any development proposals at this site should be accompanied by detailed botanical (early flowering species), invertebrate, reptile, breeding bird, great crested newt and bat surveys, with mitigation plans as appropriate. Any development of the site should also seek to ensure that at least some of the valuable habitat mosaic associated with the site is retained and suitably managed. No vegetation clearance should take place until these surveys have been undertaken.

Notwithstanding the above, any clearance of scrub or trees should be outside the main bird nesting season (March to August inclusive).

For sites within zones defined in Core Strategy Policy CS2 (Natural Environment)

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

References: Aspect Ecology (May 2013) Land East of Red Lodge, Suffolk. Ecological Assessment.

Epcad: Ecology and Landscape Planning. (2001). Land at Red Lodge. Results of Further Survey Work

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 and an Assessment of the Potential Mitigation Opportunities at Red Lodge and Red Lodge Warren County Wildlife Sites.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/20 Land North of Elderberry Road

FHDC Ref: RL/04 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70420 71010 Area: 2.17 hectares Date: 22 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm, dry, still. Ranking: 5 Biodiversity value: Low

Map:

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

View eastwards across arable field towards pine belt

View south from north-east across arable field and earth mounds

Habitat type(s): Arable

Subsidiary habitats: Poor semi-improved grassland, pine line

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site description: The site is situated on the northern edge of Red Lodge and is part of a cluster of sites including RL/10, RL/16 and RL/21. The land-use is arable, with a wild bird seed mix currently sown. A well-vegetated bank runs along the southern boundary, with additional planting on the southern side nearest the new housing estate. On the northern boundary is another low bank situated to the south of the access road to the large building to the north east. There is no identifiable feature forming the eastern and western boundaries. Two pine lines run north-south through the site within field margins that break up the arable plots. There are some vegetated earth mounds within the easterly field.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

Priority species potential: -

Connectivity: The limited features on site means that connectivity is largely restricted to the pine lines, although these form part of the wider network of tree and woodland features in this part of Red Lodge.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is poor, apart from some limited features associated with the banks and pine lines.

Flora: The banks and field margins are vegetated with a range of common species including barren brome, red fescue, false oat grass, cock’s-foot grasses, with wild carrot, common mallow, dandelion, evening primrose, white deadnettle, black horehound, yarrow, mignonette, mugwort, ribwort plantain and occasional cotton thistle on the northern bank.

The arable field was sparsely sown with a wild bird seed mix including quinoa and millet and additional species have also seeded in including common poppy, groundsel, common stork’s bill, bugloss, chicory and nettle.

Planting on the southern bank includes pine, hazel, silver birch and hawthorn, with wild rose and gorse also naturally colonising. The westernmost pine line also includes some smaller oak trees, with the easternmost pine line being a thicker tree belt due to white poplar trees intermingled within it.

Avifauna: It was a sub-optimal time of year for recording this group, but there are very limited roosting opportunities for birds. The wild bird seed mix may provide a food source for farmland birds. Skylark could be present within the wider arable block.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Invertebrates: There are limited opportunities for this group. Common species of invertebrates will be associated with the banks.

Herpetofauna: Most of this site is unsuitable for this group, although a low population of common lizard may be associated with the grassy banks and field margins.

Mammals: This site is largely unsuitable for this group. The pines may have limited features suitable for supporting roosting bats and a further check is advisable if larger trees are to be felled.

Comments and recommendations: The majority of this site is of relatively low value to biodiversity although the current arable crop will temporarily increase the value of the site.

The pine lines and young scrub offer limited nesting opportunities for birds, so any removal should take place outside the bird nesting season (March-August inclusive). If any large pine trees are to be removed then a more detailed assessment should be undertaken of the potential to support roosting bats.

As reptiles have been recorded on a nearby site (RL/06) further survey for this group is recommended and a mitigation plan drawn up as appropriate.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Site name RL/21 Land North-East of Bilberry Close

FHDC Ref: RL/21 Site status: No wildlife designation Grid ref: TL 70760 71040 Area: 0.7 hectares Date: 29 September 2015 Recorder: S Bullion Weather conditions: Warm with rising temperatures up to 15°C Ranking: 4 Biodiversity value: Medium (primarily for sustainable drainage area)

Map:

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Photos:

View north across swale and neutral grassland

View south across swale

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Neutral grassland looking north

Habitat type(s): Arable; poor semi-improved grassland

Subsidiary habitats: Poplar belt

Site description: This small site is situated on the northern edge of Red Lodge and is part of a cluster of sites including RL/10; RL/16 and RL/20 to the west and RL/06 to the south. The western third of the site is arable, with an adjacent broad grassy margin forming the central area. The eastern third of the site forms a sustainable drainage area for the housing development to the south with steep grassy banks and a stony base. The grassland areas are relatively herb rich and typical of dry Breckland soil of varying pH. A species-poor mown margin runs along the northern boundary, adjacent to the roadway and a farm track forms the eastern boundary.

Protected species seen or known: -

Protected species potential: Common lizard

Priority habitats present: -

Priority species seen or known: -

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015 Priority species potential: -

Connectivity: The limited features on site means that connectivity is largely restricted to the poplar belt to the south, although this forms part of the wider network of scrub, tree and woodland features in this part of Red Lodge.

Structural diversity: Structural diversity is poor as would be expected of a small site of this nature, apart from some limited features associated with the banks, the line of poplar trees on the southern boundary and an area where poplars are self-seeding.

Flora: The grassland flora was quite herb-rich and typical of free-draining Breckland soils, with a mixture of common plant species and those normally found in either acid or calcareous soil. As a consequence, such assemblages are difficult to place within the constraints of the JNCC Phase 1 habitat types and frequently are assigned to ‘poor semi-improved grassland’, although in this case it was felt there were sufficient indicators to map the area as ‘neutral’ grassland. For this site Target Note 1 has been used to indicate the presence of sheep’s sorrel (acid soils) and hare’s-foot clover (neutral to acid soils) with viper’s bugloss, common toadflax, blue fleabane (neutral to chalky soils). Other species include common cat’s ear, beaked hawk’s-beard, black medick, bristly ox-tongue, red clover, mignonette, yarrow, upright hedge parsley and creeping cinquefoil. On the driest parts of the site there was also mouse-ear hawkweed and dog lichen.

The roadside grass margin is species poor with typical species of a regularly mown habitat: ribwort plantain, dandelion, common stork’s-bill, white clover, yarrow and creeping thistle.

As for RL/20, the arable section has been sown with a wild bird mix including quinoa and millet.

Avifauna: It was a sub-optimal time of year for recording this group, but there are very limited roosting and foraging opportunities for birds. A buzzard was recorded calling over this area and there is a good mix of woodland and open habitat in the area to sustain this species.

Invertebrates: The sandy banks of the sustainable drainage area are suitable for ground nesting bees and wasps and the site is less than 100m from the colony of ivy bees on RL/06. There were numerous grasshoppers in the short sward. A small white butterfly was noted and other common species will be present.

Herpetofauna: A low population of common lizard may be associated with the grassy banks of the sustainable drainage area. This species has been recorded on RL/06 to the south.

Mammals: This site is largely unsuitable for this group although a fox dropping was seen. The poplar trees did not appear mature enough to support roosting bats.

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports Forest Heath District Council 2015

Comments and recommendations: The sustainable drainage area does have an ecological value in the local context.

The mature poplar trees provide limited nesting opportunities for birds, so any removal should take place outside the bird nesting season (March-August inclusive).

As reptiles have been recorded on a nearby site (RL/06) further survey for this group is recommended and a mitigation plan drawn up as appropriate.

For sites within 7.5km of the Breckland SPA

SWT Trading Ltd: Ecological Consultants Sensitive ecological data may has been removed from these audit reports