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Long-Term Surface Uplift History of the Active Banda Arc- Continent Collision: Depth and Age Analysis of Foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia

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Long-Term Surface Uplift History of the Active Banda Arc- Continent Collision: Depth and Age Analysis of Foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2005-07-06 Long-Term Surface Uplift History of the Active Banda Arc- Continent Collision: Depth and Age Analysis of Foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia Nova Roosmawati Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Roosmawati, Nova, "Long-Term Surface Uplift History of the Active Banda Arc-Continent Collision: Depth and Age Analysis of Foraminifera from Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia" (2005). Theses and Dissertations. 559. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/559 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. LONG-TERM SURFACE UPLIFT HISTORY OF THE ACTIVE BANDA ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION: DEPTH AND AGE ANALYSIS OF FORAMINIFERA FROM ROTE AND SAVU ISLANDS, INDONESIA by Nova Roosmawati A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Brigham Young University June 2005 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Nova Roosmawati This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. _________________________ _____________________________________ Date Ronald A. Harris, Chair _________________________ ______________________________________ Date Scott M. Ritter __________________________ _____________________________________ Date Brooks B. Britt BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Nova Roosmawati in its final form and have found out that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. _________________________ _____________________________________ Date Ronald A. Harris Chair, Graduate Committee Accepted for the Department _____________________________________ Bart J. Kowallis Graduate Coordinator Accepted for the College _____________________________________ G. Rex Bryce Associate Dean, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences ABSTRACT LONG-TERM SURFACE UPLIFT HISTORY OF THE ACTIVE BANDA ARC- CONTINENT COLLISION: DEPTH AND AGE ANALYSIS OF FORAMINIFERA FROM ROTE AND SAVU ISLANDS, INDONESIA Nova Roosmawati Department of Geology Master of Science Analysis of foraminifera for synorogenic pelagic units of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia, reveals high rates of surface uplift in the past 1.5 Ma of the incipient Banda arc-continent collision. Paleodepth estimates are derived from benthonic forams and ages from planktonic forams. But estimates are complicated, however, by abundant reworking; yet several distinctive species have been found. Synorogenic deposits in western Rote yield forams of biozone Neogene (N) 18 and depths from 5000-5700 meters at the base of the section, and 3600 meters at the top of the section. Eastern Rote yields forams of N 19/20 - N 22 and depths from 5400-5700 meters. Central Rote yields N 21 and depths from 5000-5700 meters. Because all of the sections are presently about the same elevation (~200 m), long-term surface uplift rates are slightly higher (1.84-3.29 m/yr) in eastern and central Rote than those in western iv Rote. Forams from Savu yield ages of N19/20 - N 22. Across Savu depth estimates range from 3200-5700 meters, which yields a range of uplift rates from 1.86 mm/yr in SE Savu to 3.25 mm/yr in Central Savu. These results indicate the Banda arc-continent collision caused uplift of Rote and Savu at rates of 1-2 mm/yr over the past 3 Ma. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following thesis, while an individual work, benefited from the insights and direction of several people. First, I would like to thank Brigham Young University and the Geology Department for their financial support through the Specific Country Focus Scholarship. Thanks also go to the University of Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta for allowing me to complete my Masters degree. In addition, a special thanks to my thesis chairman, Dr. Ronald A. Harris who provided timely and instructive comments and evaluation at every stage of the thesis process, allowed me to complete this project on schedule. Next, I wish to thank the complete Thesis committee: Dr. Scott M. Ritter, Dr. Brook B. Britt, and Dr. Wade E. Miller. Each individual provided insights that guided and challenged my thinking, substantially improving the finished product. Additional thanks to Dr. R. Mark Leckie at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Dr. Kenneth L. Finger at University of California Museum of Paleontology, and Dr. David Haig at the University of Western Australia for assisting me on my foraminifera. In addition to the technical and instrumental assistance above, I received equally important assistance from family and friends. Kris Mortenson, Marge Morgan, and Kim Sullivan for the technical support that made it possible for me to finish my degree. My husband, Hendro Nugroho, provided on-going support throughout the thesis process, as vi well as technical assistance critical for completing the project in a timely manner. My family, mom and dad, Bruce and Joanne Brook, Sean and Alicia Coyne, instilled in me the desire and skills to obtain the Master’s. I’d like to thank my fellow graduate students for the support and friendship they provided over the years. Finally, I wish to thank the respondents of my study (who remain anonymous for confidentiality purposes). Their comments and insights created an informative and interesting project with opportunities for future work. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... x LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 Previous works...................................................................................................... 3 Synorogenic Deposit of Timor Region………...................................................... 5 STRATIGRAPHY OF ROTE AND SAVU ISLANDS................................................... 7 FORAMINIFERA ANALYSIS........................................................................................ 9 Plankton Analysis.................................................................................................. 11 Benthic Analysis.................................................................................................... 12 Reworked fossils.................................................................................................... 13 UPLIFT RATES............................................................................................................... 13 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 14 REFERENCES CITED..................................................................................................... 15 Tables................................................................................................................................ 20 Figures............................................................................................................................... 23 Appendices........................................................................................................................ 34 Appendix A............................................................................................................ 35 iv Appendix B............................................................................................................ 99 Appendix C............................................................................................................ 105 Appendix D............................................................................................................ 107 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample locations for synorogenic units in Rote and Savu Islands…..…...…. 20 Table 2: Ranges of uplift rate estimates calculated for Rote and Savu Island ………. 21 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Tectonic map of Banda arc………………………………………………… 22 Figure 2: Map of geologic features of the Western Banda Orogen………………...… 23 Figure 3: Lithologic units of Rote Island…………………………………………..… 24 Figure 4: Serial sections through Timor, Rote, and Savu Islands………………….… 25 Figure 5: Geologic map of Rote………………………..………………………..……
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