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National Basketball Association Scheduling Simulation
National Basketball Association Scheduling Simulation 21-393 Final Project, Fall 2016 Shengqi Chai, Yutong Li, Liyunshu Qian, Ming Yang Department of Mathematics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Table of Contents I. Abstract II. Background and Problem Description III. Solution IV. Results V. Conclusion VI. Reference Page 1 of 12 I. Abstract Sport scheduling is a complex task in the presence of a myriad of conflicting requirements and preferences. In this work, our primary goal is to find a feasible and approximately optimal schedule in terms of travel distance for the 30 teams in National Basketball Association. We focus on the schedule for the regular season, which usually spans over a 5-month duration. Existing approaches to build a schedule from scratch tends to suffer from substantial runtime overhead. In particular, it is computationally infeasible to solve the problem directly using linear programming and constraint programming due to the complicate formats and rules for NBA scheduling. Thus for the sake of simplification, we adopted assumptions so that integer programming is applicable. Additionally, we approached the problem using divide and conquer to reduce computational complexity. Apart from Operations Research techniques, methods from Machine Learning and Data Collection are also exploited in finding the solution. Our approach yields reliable schedules in a reasonable runtime, and the algorithm should be applicable, with slight modifications, to any scheduling problems in single-round robin or double-round robin fashion. II. Problem Background National Basketball Association is the preeminent men’s professional basketball league in North America, and is widely considered as one of the best basketball leagues in the world. -
The Astros' Sign-Stealing Scandal
The Astros’ Sign-Stealing Scandal Major League Baseball (MLB) fosters an extremely competitive environment. Tens of millions of dollars in salary (and endorsements) can hang in the balance, depending on whether a player performs well or poorly. Likewise, hundreds of millions of dollars of value are at stake for the owners as teams vie for World Series glory. Plus, fans, players and owners just want their team to win. And everyone hates to lose! It is no surprise, then, that the history of big-time baseball is dotted with cheating scandals ranging from the Black Sox scandal of 1919 (“Say it ain’t so, Joe!”), to Gaylord Perry’s spitter, to the corked bats of Albert Belle and Sammy Sosa, to the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, the Houston Astros have joined this inglorious list. Catchers signal to pitchers which type of pitch to throw, typically by holding down a certain number of fingers on their non-gloved hand between their legs as they crouch behind the plate. It is typically not as simple as just one finger for a fastball and two for a curve, but not a lot more complicated than that. In September 2016, an Astros intern named Derek Vigoa gave a PowerPoint presentation to general manager Jeff Luhnow that featured an Excel-based application that was programmed with an algorithm. The algorithm was designed to (and could) decode the pitching signs that opposing teams’ catchers flashed to their pitchers. The Astros called it “Codebreaker.” One Astros employee referred to the sign- stealing system that evolved as the “dark arts.”1 MLB rules allowed a runner standing on second base to steal signs and relay them to the batter, but the MLB rules strictly forbade using electronic means to decipher signs. -
Season Seat Holder Retention in Minor League Baseball
St. John Fisher College Fisher Digital Publications Sport Management Undergraduate Sport Management Department Spring 2013 Season Seat Holder Retention in Minor League Baseball Matt Butler St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sport_undergrad Part of the Sports Management Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Butler, Matt, "Season Seat Holder Retention in Minor League Baseball" (2013). Sport Management Undergraduate. Paper 93. Please note that the Recommended Citation provides general citation information and may not be appropriate for your discipline. To receive help in creating a citation based on your discipline, please visit http://libguides.sjfc.edu/citations. This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sport_undergrad/93 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Season Seat Holder Retention in Minor League Baseball Abstract In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: In minor league (AAA) baseball the amount of season tickets sold for the season can account for at least fifteen percent of total paid attendance for the. With this in mind a sport manager may wonder what brings season ticket buyers back season after season, and what can be done to measure this occurrence. An added question for front office staff members is, do these reasons coincide with a team’s marketing strategy to maximize the amount of fans who buy season tickets? To analyze this occurrence I looked into exactly what behavior fans exhibit and their motivation to purchase. -
Seattle Mariners Bag Policy
Seattle Mariners Bag Policy Clamant and foveate Dexter mutualizes while predicatory Madison cross-refer her charkhas discreditably and assassinates alwayshermetically. prenotify Defectible his cutleries and bemazed cakewalk Meredith uncandidly, never he enrootfestinating his ethnarchies! so little. Thymier Sascha coke losingly while Bishop Personal information currently not drop off your browser in to bag policy for. For the stands up in central park are no statistics available options out, complaining that organics recycling delivered in the glass, craft beer brands around longer bring one. Multiple venues are completely sold out of food into account agreements. Pets cannot refund will help or stanwood stations do you have been. We assuming this season was. Fanatic in day to baseball I miss you taking out Safeco Field in Seattle. Tell the wine fresh, you offer a pack of herschel supply account or otherwise giant camera rigs. Kingdome as wrigley field and police instructions as checked as alcoholic and. Louis cardinals pitcher brett anderson, bring a participating pay a beautiful aerial photographs of. Where to a coach brent strom has you. Overall standings for houston, been known to questions asked via the kingdome. This season play place this page, a suite level of bottles at roger dean. American league baseball history, and after you had at once in on other than it is another free may also that. Indique un valor de ein value to life for work, but you care of existing major sporting events today, bag policy and conditions of. Located on the stories that match your goals for no games scheduled for size of. -
Injury Incidence and Injury Patterns in Professional Football - the UEFA Injury Study
Linköping University Post Print Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football - the UEFA injury study Jan Ekstrand, Martin Hägglund and Markus Waldén N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. Original Publication: Jan Ekstrand, Martin Hägglund and Markus Waldén, Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football - the UEFA injury study, 2009, British journal of sports medicine, 060582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582 Copyright: BMJ Publishing http://group.bmj.com/ Postprint available at: Linköping University Electronic Press http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52238 Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football – the UEFA Injury Study Jan Ekstrand1, 2, Martin Hägglund1, Markus Waldén1 1 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden 2 UEFA Medical Committee Corresponding author: Jan Ekstrand MD, PhD Solstigen 3 S-589 43, Linköping Sweden Tel.: + 46 13 161648, fax: +46 13 161892 [email protected] Key words: Football, injury incidence, epidemiology, soccer, professional Word count: 2,705 1 ABSTRACT Objective: To study the injury characteristics in professional football and to follow the variation of injury incidence during a match, during a season and over consecutive seasons. Design: Prospective cohort study where teams were followed for seven consecutive seasons. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries from 2001 to 2008. Setting: European professional men’s football. Participants: The first team squads of 23 teams selected by UEFA as belonging to the 50 best European teams. Main outcome measurement: Injury incidence. Results: 4,483 injuries occurred during 566,000 hours of exposure, giving an injury incidence of 8.0 injuries/1,000 hours. -
Job-Creators-V-Mlb.Pdf
Case 1:21-cv-04818-VEC Document 1 Filed 05/31/21 Page 1 of 21 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK --------------------------------------------------------------- x JOB CREATORS NETWORK, ) ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) COMPLAINT ) OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED BASEBALL D/B/A MAJOR LEAGUE ) BASEBALL, ROBERT D. MANFRED JR., ) MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL ) PLAYERS ASSOCIATION, TONY CLARK, ) AND JOHN DOES 1-50, ) ) Defendants. ) --------------------------------------------------------------- x Plaintiff, through its undersigned counsel, for its complaint, hereby avers: Nature of Action 1. In July 2019, Major League Baseball publicly announced that the 2021 All-Star Game would be played in July 2021 at SunTrust Park (now named Truist Park), the home field of the Atlanta Braves in Cobb County, Georgia. The All-Star Game is a national attraction that generates extraordinary revenue for the host city. Businesses from mom-and-pop restaurants and bars to national hotel chains prepare years and months in advance for the event. Tables are reserved, hotel rooms are booked, events are planned, people are hired. Cobb County budgeted expenses of $2 million for improvements and municipal hiring to meet the expected influx of tourists and fans for the big event. Businesses in the Atlanta metro region stood to earn $100 million. Multiple municipalities were counting on millions more in tax revenues. 2. Thousands of hard-working ordinary men and women in the Atlanta area, many reeling from the psychological trauma and economic havoc of the COVID-19 pandemic, relied Case 1:21-cv-04818-VEC Document 1 Filed 05/31/21 Page 2 of 21 on MLB’s unqualified promise to hold the 2021 All-Star Game in Truist Park. -
Match Injury Incidence During the Super Rugby Tournament Is High : a Prospective Cohort Study Over Five Seasons Involving 93 641 Player-Hours
Schwellnus, M.P. et al. (2018). Match injury incidence during the Super Rugby tournament is high : a prospective cohort study over five seasons involving 93 641 player-hours. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018: 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-09915 Match injury incidence during the Super Rugby tournament is high: a prospective cohort study over five seasons involving 93 641 player- hours Martin P Schwellnus, Esme Jordaan, Charl Janse van Rensburg, Helen Bayne, Wayne Derman, Clint Readhead, Rob Collins, Alan Kourie, Jason Suter and Org Strauss Abstract: Objectives To determine the incidence and nature of injuries in the Super Rugby tournament over a 5- year period. Methods 482 male professional rugby union players from six South African teams participating in the Super Rugby tournament were studied (1020 player-seasons). Medical staff of participating teams (2012–2016 tournaments) recorded all time loss injuries (total injuries and match injuries) and exposure hours (93 641 total playing hours; 8032 match hours). Injury incidence, injured player proportion, severity (time lost), anatomical location, tissue type and activity/phase during which injury occurred are reported. Results The overall incidence of match injuries (per 1000 player-hours; 95% CI) for each year was as follows: 2012 (83.3; 69.4–99.2); 2013 (115.1; 98.7–133.5); 2014 (95.9; 80.8–113.1), 2015 (112.3; 96.6–129.9) and 2016 (93.2; 79.9–107.9). The injured player proportion for each year was as follows: 2012 (54.6%); 2013 (49.4%); 2014 (52.0%); 2015 (50.0%); and 2016 (39.8%). -
2021 Official Playing Rules of the National Football League
2021 OFFICIAL PLAYING RULES OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE Roger Goodell, Commissioner 2021 Rules Changes Rule-Section-Article 5-1-2 Modifies permissible player numbers by position. 8-1-2 Modifies penalty for illegal forward passes. 11-3-3 Modifies enforcement of accepted penalties on Trys. 12-2-4 Expands prohibition of blocks below the waist. 15-3-9, 19-2 Allows Replay Officials to provide specific, objective information to on-field officials 16-1-1 Eliminates overtime in preseason games. PREFACE This edition of the Official Playing Rules of the National Football League contains all current rules governing the playing of professional football that are in effect for the 2021 NFL season. Member clubs of the League may amend the rules from time to time, pursuant to the applicable voting procedures of the NFL Constitution and Bylaws. Any intra-League dispute or call for interpretation in connection with these rules will be decided by the Commissioner of the League, whose ruling will be final. Because inter-conference games are played throughout the preseason, regular season, and postseason in the NFL, all rules contained in this book apply uniformly to both the American and National Football Conferences. Where the word “illegal” appears in this rule book, it is an institutional term of art pertaining strictly to actions that violate NFL playing rules. It is not meant to connote illegality under any public law or the rules or regulations of any other organization. The word “flagrant,” when used here to describe an action by a player, is meant to indicate that the degree of a violation of the rules—usually a personal foul or unnecessary roughness—is extremely objectionable, conspicuous, unnecessary, avoidable, or gratuitous. -
2021-2022 NCHSAA Team Sport Contest Limitations, Playoff, and Seeding Format
2021-2022 NCHSAA Team Sport Contest Limitations, Playoff, and Seeding Format Season Limitations Baseball 22 Games Basketball 22 Games Football 10 Games Lacrosse (M) 20 Games Lacrosse (W) 20 Games Soccer 22 Games Softball 22 Games Tennis 22 Matches Volleyball 22 Matches (Only 3 out of 5 matches count towards RPI) Wrestling No Change Sports listed above can have one (1) in-season tournament (3-game maximum), which would only count as (1) game/match (exception: wrestling) • In tournaments where a team could play in more than 3-games, any game played beyond the 3rd game would each count as an individual game on the schedule Brackets Baseball, Basketball, Football, Soccer, Softball, Volleyball • 64 Team Brackets Lacrosse • 40 Team Brackets Tennis • 32 Team Brackets Wrestling • 32 Team Brackets Automatic Qualification • Each conference will be allotted playoff berths based on the number of schools fielding a team in a particular sport o 1-5 Teams = 1 Berth (Conference Champion) o 6+ Teams = 2 Berths (Conference Champion + 2nd Place or Conference Tournament Champion) • The highest finishing team from a given classification in a split conference will automatically qualify, regardless of overall conference finish (minimum of 2 schools per classification) • Addition of RPI rating to Handbook for conference tie-breaking procedure as the final tiebreaker Wildcards The remaining non-automatic teams in each region (East/West) will fill the remaining berths based solely upon their RPI rating. Seeding • Conference champions will be seeded before any other qualifying teams by RPI rating • All other teams will be seeded after the conference champions by RPI rating of the school, regardless of conference finish • Each region (East/West) will be seeded independently of one another, utilizing the RPI rating of the school March 2021 NCHSAA Playoff Ranking Formula An RPI (Ratings Percentage Index) formula will be used for all team bracketed playoffs. -
Sports Marketing Has Created New World Last Decade, but What Next
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15, 2020 | SERVING CHICAGO’S LEGAL COMMUNITY FOR 164 YEARS | CHICAGOLAWBULLETIN.COM VOLUME 166, NO. 10 Sports marketing has created new world last decade, but what next As the year 2020 ushers in a new decade, Collegiate Athletic Association in a partner - it’s evident that the past decade has seen ship that delivers an avalanche of facts and numerous game-changing developments in stats about March Madness, the NCAA’s sports and sports marketing, including Championship Tournament and its 80-year unprecedented evolution in communica - history as well as competition data across tion, technology and analytics to promote 90 NCAA championships and 24 sports. athletes, teams, leagues and brands. The savviest sports organizations used Athletes as entrepreneurs every marketing tool at their disposal to The past decade saw sports stars take engage fans by publicizing athlete statistics, their business endeavors to the next level. ground-breaking innovations, emerging S P O RT S At the same time, new opportunities personalities and feel-good stories. At the MARKETING PLAYBOOK opened up for less-famous players. rate technology is developing, these tools A few players moved beyond sponsor - and practices provide a solid jumping-off DOUGLAS N. MASTERS and ships and created their own media plat - point for the next 10 years. SETH A. ROSE forms. Brooklyn Nets forward Kevin Durant Here are, in our humble opinion, the 10 launched Thirty Five Media to create and most far-reaching developments and trends DOUGLASDOUGLAS N. MASTERS is a partnerpartnertner at LoebLoeb & LLoeboeb LLP,LLPP,, distribute content about his career and out - in sports marketing in the last decade: where he litigates and counsels clients primarily in side projects. -
November 3, 2017 Mr. Rob Manfred Commissioner, Major League Baseball 245 Park Avenue, 31St Floor New York, NY 10167 Dear Commis
November 3, 2017 Mr. Rob Manfred Commissioner, Major League Baseball 245 Park Avenue, 31st Floor New York, NY 10167 Dear Commissioner Manfred: As Chair of the California Asian Pacific Islander (API) Legislative Caucus, I am writing to express my anger and disappointment about the way Major League Baseball (MLB) addressed the racist gesture and insult Yuli Gurriel of the Houston Astros made toward Yu Darvish, who is Iranian-Japanese, of the Los Angeles Dodgers during Game 3 of the World Series. After hitting a home run off of Darvish, Gurriel pulled at the corner of his eyes to stretch them into “slanted eyes”. Gurriel also called Darvish “Chinito,” a Spanish word widely-regarded as offensive and insulting to Asian Americans. This behavior was caught on camera and seen by millions of television viewers worldwide, including impressionable children who look up to their teams and sports heroes. In spite of public outrage, the MLB made the decision to allow Gurriel to continue playing in the World Series and delay imposition of disciplinary action until the 2018 regular season—a full five months into the distant future—when he would be suspended for five games. The lack of immediate consequences and accountability shows that the MLB does not take racial insensitivity seriously and that offenses like this can be repeated without severe repercussions. In rendering its decision, the MLB purported to take into account the negative impact that an immediate suspension would likely have on Gurriel’s teammates. But the MLB did not take into consideration the deep hurt this patently offensive act inflicted on Asian Americans and others throughout the nation. -
Jefferson Report
Jefferson Report Facts and Friction: Assessing the Impact of Major League Baseball’s Proposal to Reduce Minor League Franchises By Alan Swigonski The Jefferson Educational Society will periodically publish reports on issues important to the Erie region. This report was written by Alan Swigonski. Swigonski, a retired auditor, is the former managing director of the Waldron Campus Center at Gannon University. He was the founding co-director and president of Team Erie, the citizens action group that from 1990 to 1995 helped galvanize public opinion to build Jerry Uht Park, now UPMC Park. Editor’s Note: Reports on the unfolding baseball controversy will be updated on the Jefferson’s website, jeserie.org, and in emails to the Jefferson Report’s list of supporters. – Pat Cuneo, Publications Coordinator 3 ‘Baseball, it is said, is only a game. True. And the Grand Canyon is only a hole in Arizona.’ – George Will, columnist and author Erie May Lose Pro Baseball Facts and Friction: Assessing the Impact of Major League Baseball’s Proposal to Reduce Minor League Franchises By Alan Swigonski Major League Baseball is suddenly considering a radical proposal to eliminate the player development agreements for 42 of its 162 minor league teams at the end of the 2020 season – and the future of MLB-affiliated professional baseball in Erie is squarely on the target list. That development, which continues to unfold, and the alarm expressed by community, government, and business interests – locally, across the state, and nationally – has been swift and Erie SeaWolves President Greg Coleman presents jersey to sweeping. SeaWolves owner Fernando Aguirre Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred is the force behind the proposal, for which most baseball watchers suspect is one way for Manfred to bolster his tough guy image in advance of negotiations with the Major League Baseball Players Association as the current Collective Bargaining Agreement is due to expire in 2022.