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4. Baseline Environmental & Social Conditions

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4. Baseline Environmental & Social Conditions Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Akkar Caza Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Final Associated Consulting Engineers 1|P a g e Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Akkar Caza TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables ................................................................................................................ 6 List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 7 List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary – Non-Technical Summary ............................................................. 10 21 ......................................................................................... ملخص تنفيذي - موجز غير تقني 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 30 1.1 Project Background ..................................................................................... 30 1.2 Project Rationale ......................................................................................... 30 1.3 Report Objectives ........................................................................................ 31 1.4 Methodology .............................................................................................. 31 2. Existing, Legal, Administrative and Policies Framework ......................................... 33 2.1 National Legal Framework ............................................................................ 33 2.2 Institutional ................................................................................................ 35 2.3 Environmental Standards ............................................................................. 37 2.3.1 Wastewater Discharge Targets .................................................................. 37 2.3.2 Air Emissions Targets ............................................................................... 38 2.3.3 Noise Emissions Targets ........................................................................... 39 2.4 Word Bank Policies ...................................................................................... 39 2.4.1 Public Consultation and Disclosure Policy ................................................... 40 2.4.2 Guidelines and Manuals ........................................................................... 40 2.5 International Treaties and Conventions ......................................................... 41 2.6 Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines of the WB ........................... 42 2.6.1 Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality .................................................... 42 2.6.2 Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality ....................................................... 43 2.6.3 Noise Management ................................................................................. 43 3. Description of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 45 3.1 Location ..................................................................................................... 45 3.2 Project Activities ......................................................................................... 54 3.2.1 Road Selection ........................................................................................ 54 3.2.2 Rehabilitation Works ............................................................................... 55 3.3 Materials and Equipment ............................................................................. 58 3.4 Site Construction Staffing ............................................................................. 59 3.5 Site Facilities ............................................................................................... 63 4. Baseline Environmental & Social Conditions ......................................................... 64 Associated Consulting Engineers 2|P a g e Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Akkar Caza 4.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................... 64 4.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................ 64 4.1.2 Geology .................................................................................................. 64 4.1.3 Hydrogeology ......................................................................................... 64 4.1.4 Climate and Meteorology ......................................................................... 67 4.1.5 Air Quality and Noise ............................................................................... 69 4.1.6 Land Use/Land Cover ............................................................................... 71 4.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................ 72 4.2.1 Flora ...................................................................................................... 72 4.2.2 Fauna ..................................................................................................... 72 4.2.3 Ecologically Sensitive Areas ...................................................................... 72 4.3 Socio Economic Environment ........................................................................ 76 4.3.1 Demographic Profile ................................................................................ 76 4.3.2 Economic Activities .................................................................................. 77 4.3.3 Education Services ................................................................................... 78 4.3.4 Health Services ....................................................................................... 78 4.3.5 Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................... 78 4.4 Summary of Baseline ................................................................................... 79 5. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ......................................................... 81 5.1 Assessment Methodology ............................................................................ 81 5.2 Potential Positive Impacts during Rehabilitation ............................................. 81 5.3 Potential Environmental Negative Impacts during Rehabilitation ...................... 81 5.3.1 Water and Soil Quality ............................................................................. 81 5.3.2 Air Quality .............................................................................................. 83 5.3.3 Noise and Light ....................................................................................... 84 5.3.4 Land Cover ............................................................................................. 85 5.3.5 Biological Environment (Flora and Fauna)................................................... 85 5.3.6 Visual Intrusion ....................................................................................... 85 5.4 Potential Socioeconomic Impacts during Construction ..................................... 86 5.4.1 Labour Influx ........................................................................................... 86 5.4.2 Traffic .................................................................................................... 86 5.4.3 Social Tensions ........................................................................................ 86 5.4.4 Child Labour ........................................................................................... 86 5.4.5 Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................... 86 5.4.6 Worker Health and Safety ........................................................................ 86 5.4.7 Public Safety ........................................................................................... 87 5.4.8 Access to Services .................................................................................... 87 5.4.9 Economic Activities .................................................................................. 87 5.5 Potential Positive Impacts during Operation ................................................... 88 5.5.1 Socioeconomic Environment..................................................................... 88 5.5.2 Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................... 88 5.6 Potential Negative Environmental Impacts during Operation............................ 88 Associated Consulting Engineers 3|P a g e Roads and Employment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Akkar Caza 5.6.1 Water Quality ......................................................................................... 88 5.6.2 Air Quality .............................................................................................. 89 5.6.3 Noise ..................................................................................................... 89 5.6.4 Use of Natural Resources ......................................................................... 89 5.6.5
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