QUICK INSTALLATION GUIDE Remote Management Card RMCARD302
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Understanding MPLS OAM Capabilities to Troubleshoot MPLS Networks
Understanding MPLS OAM capabilities to troubleshoot MPLS Networks Mukhtiar A. Shaikh ([email protected]) Moiz Moizuddin ([email protected]) 1 Agenda • MPLS Overview • Existing Ping/Trace Capabilities • LSP Ping/Trace –Theory of Operation –MPLS Echo Packet –Configuration and Troubleshooting Using LSP Ping/Trace •LSP Ping •LSP Trace –AToM VCCV • Summary 222 MPLS OAM Overview • Converged network implies a wide range of applications and OAM needs • IP Based Tools A flexible set of tools LSP Ping / Traceroute End-End OAM Attachment VC OAM’s MPLS OAM Attachment VC OAM’s Ingress Egress LSP Created by LDP and/or RSVP-TE CE PE PE CE PWE3 or VPN Label 333 Agenda • MPLS Overview • Existing Ping/Trace Capabilities • LSP Ping/Trace –Theory of Operation –MPLS Echo Packet –Configuration and Troubleshooting Using LSP Ping/Trace •LSP Ping •LSP Trace –AToM VCCV • Summary 444 IP Ping • PING makes use of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol • Ping message of 2 types type=8: ICMP echo request messages type=0: ICMP echo reply message • Optional data field is used to store the time at which the ICMP echo request message has been send • The Round Trip Time (RTT) 555 IP Traceroute • Traceroute makes use of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol and TTL field on the IP header • Traceroute is sent in a UDP packet encapsulated on an IP packet • TTL-field of an IP datagram is processed by each hop in two possible ways If a hop holds IP-datagram for more than one second, it decrements the TTL-field of that IP datagram by the number -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
Dig, a DNS Query Tool for Windows and Replacement for Nslookup 2008-04-15 15:29
dig, a DNS query tool for Windows and replacement for nslookup 2008-04-15 15:29 Disclaimer dig (dig for Windows ) (dig is a powerful tool to investigate [digging into] the DNS system) Source of the binary is from ftp.isc.org Manual Page of dig, in the cryptic Unix style, for reference only. (1) Download: Windows 2000 or Windows XP or Windows Vista ( dig version 9.3.2) Create a folder c:\dig Download this dig-files.zip and save it to c:\dig Use winzip or equivalent to extract the files in dig-files.zip to c:\dig Note: If msvcr70.dll already exists in %systemroot%\system32\ , then you can delete c:\dig\msvcr70.dll Note: Included in dig-files.zip is a command line whois, version 4.7.11: The canonical site of the whois source code is http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/w/whois/ The whois.exe file inside dig-files.zip is compiled using cygwin c++ compiler. (2) Do a file integrity check (why ? Because some virus checkers destroy dll files) Click Start.. Run ... type CMD (a black screen pops up) cd c:\dig sha1 * You should see some SHA1 hashes (in here, SHA1 hash is used as an integrity check, similar to checksums). Compare your hashes with the following table. SHA1 v1.0 [GPLed] by Stephan T. Lavavej, http://stl.caltech.edu 6CA70A2B 11026203 EABD7D65 4ADEFE3D 6C933EDA cygwin1.dll 57487BAE AA0EB284 8557B7CA 54ED9183 EAFC73FA dig.exe 97DBD755 D67A5829 C138A470 8BE7A4F2 6ED0894C host.exe D22E4B89 56E1831F F0F9D076 20EC19BF 171F0C29 libbind9.dll 81588F0B E7D3C6B3 20EDC314 532D9F2D 0A105594 libdns.dll E0BD7187 BBC01003 ABFE7472 E64B68CD 1BDB6BAB libeay32.dll F445362E 728A9027 96EC6871 A79C6307 054974E4 libisc.dll B3255C0E 4808A703 F95C217A 91FFCD69 40E680C9 libisccfg.dll DFBDE4F9 E25FD49A 0846E97F D813D687 6DC94067 liblwres.dll 61B8F573 DB448AE6 351AE347 5C2E7C48 2D81533C msvcr70.dll BDA14B28 7987E168 F359F0C9 DD96866D 04AB189B resolv.conf 1112343A 319C3EEE E44BF261 AE196C96 289C70E2 sha1.exe 21D20035 2A5B64E2 69FEA407 4D78053F 3C7A2738 whois.exe If your hashes are the same as the above table, then your files pass the integrity check. -
Chapter 19 RECOVERING DIGITAL EVIDENCE from LINUX SYSTEMS
Chapter 19 RECOVERING DIGITAL EVIDENCE FROM LINUX SYSTEMS Philip Craiger Abstract As Linux-kernel-based operating systems proliferate there will be an in evitable increase in Linux systems that law enforcement agents must process in criminal investigations. The skills and expertise required to recover evidence from Microsoft-Windows-based systems do not neces sarily translate to Linux systems. This paper discusses digital forensic procedures for recovering evidence from Linux systems. In particular, it presents methods for identifying and recovering deleted files from disk and volatile memory, identifying notable and Trojan files, finding hidden files, and finding files with renamed extensions. All the procedures are accomplished using Linux command line utilities and require no special or commercial tools. Keywords: Digital evidence, Linux system forensics !• Introduction Linux systems will be increasingly encountered at crime scenes as Linux increases in popularity, particularly as the OS of choice for servers. The skills and expertise required to recover evidence from a Microsoft- Windows-based system, however, do not necessarily translate to the same tasks on a Linux system. For instance, the Microsoft NTFS, FAT, and Linux EXT2/3 file systems work differently enough that under standing one tells httle about how the other functions. In this paper we demonstrate digital forensics procedures for Linux systems using Linux command line utilities. The ability to gather evidence from a running system is particularly important as evidence in RAM may be lost if a forensics first responder does not prioritize the collection of live evidence. The forensic procedures discussed include methods for identifying and recovering deleted files from RAM and magnetic media, identifying no- 234 ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS tables files and Trojans, and finding hidden files and renamed files (files with renamed extensions. -
Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
Lab Report: 11.2.5 Manage Files Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 6 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Compress the D:\Graphics folderHide Details Set the Compressed attribute Apply the changes to all folders and files In Hide the D:\Finances folder In Set Read-only on filesHide Details Set read-only on 2017report.xlsx Set read-only on 2018report.xlsx Do not set read-only for the 2019report.xlsx file Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Compress the D:\Graphics folder and all of its contents. Hide the D:\Finances folder. Make the following files Read-only: D:\Finances\2017report.xlsx D:\Finances\2018report.xlsx Complete this lab as follows: 1. Compress a folder as follows: a. From the taskbar, open File Explorer. b. Maximize the window for easier viewing. c. In the left pane, expand This PC. d. Select Data (D:). e. Right-click Graphics and select Properties. f. On the General tab, select Advanced. g. Select Compress contents to save disk space. h. Click OK. i. Click OK. j. Make sure Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files is selected. k. Click OK. 2. Hide a folder as follows: a. Right-click Finances and select Properties. b. Select Hidden. c. Click OK. 3. Set files to Read-only as follows: a. Double-click Finances to view its contents. b. Right-click 2017report.xlsx and select Properties. c. Select Read-only. d. Click OK. e. -
Wireshark Lab: Getting Started SOLUTION
Wireshark Lab: Getting Started SOLUTION Supplement to Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th ed., J.F. Kurose and K.W. Ross © 2005-21012, J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved Q1. List the 3 different protocols that appear in the protocol column in the unfiltered packet-listing window in step 7 above. Answer: Some of the protocols listed in the screenshot below are UDP, TCP, ARP, ICMP, MDNS, and STUN. (Note you weren’t asked to do a screenshot, but here is mine): ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. All Rights Reserved. Q2. How long did it take from when the HTTP GET message was sent until the HTT OK reply was received? (By default, the value of the Time column in the packet listing window is the amount of time, in seconds, since Wireshark tracing began. To display the Time field in time-of- day format, select the Wireshark View pull down menu, then select Time Display Format, then select Time-of-day.) Answer: As shown in the screen shot below (you didn’t have to provide this), the GET was sent at 11.300694 and the reply was received at 11.301658. The delay was thus 0.000964 secs ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. All Rights Reserved. Q3. What is the Internet address of the gaia.cs.umass.edu (also known as wwwnet. cs.umass.edu)? What is the Internet address of your computer? Answer: As shown in the screen shot below (you didn’t have to provide this), the IP address of gaia.cs.umass.edu is 128,119.245.145; the IP address of my laptop is 128.119.66.142 Q4. -
Deviceinstaller User Guide
Device Installer User Guide Part Number 900-325 Revision C 03/18 Table of Contents 1. Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Devices ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Choose the Network Adapter for Communication ....................................................................... 2 Search for All Devices on the Network ........................................................................................ 2 Change Views .............................................................................................................................. 2 Add a Device to the List ............................................................................................................... 3 View Device Details ..................................................................................................................... 3 Device Lists ................................................................................................................................. 3 Save the Device List ................................................................................................................ 3 Open the Device List ............................................................................................................... 4 Print the Device List ................................................................................................................ -
ANSWERS ΤΟ EVEN-Numbered
8 Answers to Even-numbered Exercises 2.1. WhatExplain the following unexpected are result: two ways you can execute a shell script when you do not have execute permission for the file containing the script? Can you execute a shell script if you do not have read permission for the file containing the script? You can give the name of the file containing the script as an argument to the shell (for example, bash scriptfile or tcsh scriptfile, where scriptfile is the name of the file containing the script). Under bash you can give the following command: $ . scriptfile Under both bash and tcsh you can use this command: $ source scriptfile Because the shell must read the commands from the file containing a shell script before it can execute the commands, you must have read permission for the file to execute a shell script. 4.3. AssumeWhat is the purpose ble? you have made the following assignment: $ person=zach Give the output of each of the following commands. a. echo $person zach b. echo '$person' $person c. echo "$person" zach 1 2 6.5. Assumengs. the /home/zach/grants/biblios and /home/zach/biblios directories exist. Specify Zach’s working directory after he executes each sequence of commands. Explain what happens in each case. a. $ pwd /home/zach/grants $ CDPATH=$(pwd) $ cd $ cd biblios After executing the preceding commands, Zach’s working directory is /home/zach/grants/biblios. When CDPATH is set and the working directory is not specified in CDPATH, cd searches the working directory only after it searches the directories specified by CDPATH. -
Introduction to Unix Shell
Introduction to Unix Shell François Serra, David Castillo, Marc A. Marti- Renom Genome Biology Group (CNAG) Structural Genomics Group (CRG) Run Store Programs Data Communicate Interact with each other with us The Unix Shell Introduction Interact with us Rewiring Telepathy Typewriter Speech WIMP The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command computer executes command and prints output The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command computer executes command and prints output ⋮ user logs off The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command computer executes command and prints output ⋮ user logs off The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command computer executes command and prints output ⋮ user logs off shell The Unix Shell Introduction user logs in user types command computer executes command and prints output user types another command computer executes command and prints output -
Diskgenius User Guide (PDF)
www.diskgenius.com DiskGenius® User Guide The information in this document is subject to change without notice. This document is not warranted to be error free. Copyright © 2010-2021 Eassos Ltd. All Rights Reserved 1 / 236 www.diskgenius.com CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6 Partition Management ............................................................................................................. 6 Create New Partition ........................................................................................................ 6 Active Partition (Mark Partition as Active) .............................................................. 10 Delete Partition ................................................................................................................ 12 Format Partition ............................................................................................................... 14 Hide Partition .................................................................................................................... 15 Modify Partition Parameters ........................................................................................ 17 Resize Partition ................................................................................................................. 20 Split Partition ..................................................................................................................... 23 Extend -
![[D:]Path[...] Data Files](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/6104/d-path-data-files-996104.webp)
[D:]Path[...] Data Files
Command Syntax Comments APPEND APPEND ; Displays or sets the search path for APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] data files. DOS will search the specified APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E] path(s) if the file is not found in the current path. ASSIGN ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive. ATTRIB ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S] Sets or displays the read-only, archive, ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S] system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory. BACKUP BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] Makes a backup copy of one or more [/L:[path]filename] files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.) BREAK BREAK =on|off Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination. BUFFERS BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations. CALL CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options] Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue. CHCP CHCP (codepage) Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use. CHDIR CHDIR (CD) [d:]path Displays working (current) directory CHDIR (CD)[..] and/or changes to a different directory. -
Recovering a Lost Enable Password
APPENDIX E Recovering a Lost Enable Password This appendix describes how to recover a password that you configured with the enable command (enable password). Note You can recover a lost enable password, but not a password that you configured with the enable secret command (enable secret password). This password is encrypted and must be replaced with a new enable secret password. See the “Hot Tips” section on Cisco Connection Online (CCO) for information on replacing enable secret passwords. Follow these steps to recover a lost enable password: Step 1 Connect an ASCII terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the Console port. For more information, see the Cisco 805 Router Hardware Installation Guide. Step 2 Configure the terminal at 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Step 3 Reboot the router. Step 4 From user EXEC mode, display the existing configuration register value: Router> show version Step 5 Record the setting of the configuration register. The setting is usually 0x2102 or 0x102. Step 6 Record the break setting. • Break enabled—bit 8 is set to 0. • Break disabled (default setting)—bit 8 is set to 1. Recovering a Lost Enable Password E-1 Note To enable break, enter the config-register 0x01 global configuration command. Step 7 Do one of the following: • If break is enabled, go to Step 8. • If break is disabled, turn the router to STANDBY, wait 5 seconds, and turn it to ON again. Before the terminal displays Boot......, press Escape or Control-C. The terminal displays the ROM monitor prompt (boot #).