Class Assessment Approach on the Aromatic Azo- And
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Preparation Andspectral Studies of Cr(III), Fe(II) Chelates of Schiff Bases Derived from Benzidine and 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.Volume 13, Issue 3 Ser. II (March. 2020), PP 29-35 www.iosrjournals.org Preparation andSpectral Studies of Cr(III), Fe(II) Chelates of Schiff bases Derived from Benzidine and 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde Younis. O.Ben Amer*, Rehab. N. El-daghare, Halima F. Salem, Ahmed N. Hammouda,Rashd. M. El-Ferjani &Fatin M. Elmagbari Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya Corresponding author: Younis. O.Ben Amer Abstract In this paper, we report the synthesis andcharacterisation of Bis(2-nitroBenzylidene)benzidine Schiff base was prepared by the reaction of benzidine and2-nitrobenzaldehyde 1:2 reaction. This ligand was used to form two chelates with Cr3+ and Fe2+ ions. The prepared compounds were analysed using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The obtained results confirmed the formation of proposed compounds,including the free ligand and the two chelates and were found in a good agreement with theoretical values. Keywords: Schiff base; complexes; spectroscopy; 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 09-03-2020 Date of Acceptance: 23-03-2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. Introduction Many variously shaped polydentate chelating ligands have been prepared in the past and successfully -
Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized Cells
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized cells. It also caused many other types of genetic damage in various to Benzidine test systems, including yeast, cultured human and other mamma- lian cells, and rodents exposed in vivo. The damage included mitotic Introduction gene conversion (in yeast), micronucleus formation, DNA strand breaks, unscheduled DNA synthesis, cell transformation, chromo- Benzidine was first listed in theFirst Annual Report on Carcinogens somal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and aneuploidy (IARC (1980), and dyes metabolized to benzidine were first listed as a class 1987). Workers exposed to benzidine and or benzidine-based dyes in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000). The profiles for benzidine had higher levels of chromosomal aberrations in their white bloods and dyes metabolized to benzidine, which are listed (separately) as cells than did unexposed workers (Choudhary 1996). known to be human carcinogens, follow this introduction. Properties Benzidine Benzidine is a biphenyl amine that exists at room temperature as a white to slightly reddish crystalline powder (ATSDR 2001). It is CAS No. 92-87-5 slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot water, and read- ily soluble in less-polar solvents, such as diethyl ether and ethanol. Known to be a human carcinogen It darkens on exposure to air and light (Akron 2009). Physical and First listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens (1980) chemical properties of benzidine are listed in the following table. Also known as 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl Property Information Molecular weight 184.2a Specific gravity 1.250 at 20°C/4°Ca H2N NH2 Melting point 120°Ca Boiling point 401°Ca Log K 1.34a Carcinogenicity ow Water solubility 0.322 g/L at 25°Ca Benzidine is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient ev- Vapor pressure 8.98 × 10–7 mm Hg at 25°Cb idence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. -
A Simple Fluorimetric Method to Determine Sudan I Dye in Spices
Karadeniz Chem. Sci. Tech., 2017, 01, EA.1 - EA.4 Extended Abstract (Fulltext available in Turkisha) A Simple fluorimetric method to determine Sudan I dye in spices Osman Can Çağılcı, Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu, Hakan Alp, Elvan Vanlı, Ümmühan Ocak*, Miraç Ocak Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey ABSTRACT Keywords: A simple method was developed to determine Sudan I, a banned food dye, in various spices by using its intrinsic fluorescence Sudan I dye, property. The proposed method was used in the determination of red pepper, sumac and cumin samples to which were added fluorescence method, Sudan I dye after being obtained from the local sources. The accuracy of method has been verified by spike and recovery fluorimetry, experiments. The recovery values of Sudan I were found in the range of 96.6% - 97.6% for pepper, sumac and cumin. A kind of standard addition method was used to increase the effect of matrix match. Detection limits were 1.0, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L for red pepper, red pepper, sumac and cumin, respectively. When compared with the methods in the literature, the proposed method is simple, sumac, cumin environmentally friendly and low cost to determine the quantity of Sudan I in spices such as pepper, sumac and cumin. 1. Introduction calcein complex used to determine Sudan I [28]. Chen et al. proposed a method based on the use of polyethylenimine-coated copper Sudan dyes are synthetic azo dyes, used in textile and cosmetic nanoparticles [29], while Ling et al. reported the use of products. -
Peanut Butter Consumption and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sudan
PEANUTBUTTE RCONSUMPTIO NAN DHEPATOCELLULA R CARCINOMAI N SUDAN Ragaa ElHad iOme r Promotor: Prof.dr.ir. F.J.Ko k Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor: Dr.ir.P .va n 't Veer Wageningen Universiteit Samenstelling Prof.dr. J.H.Koema n Promotiecommissie: Wageningen Universiteit Prof.dr.ir. F.E.va n Leeuwen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Prof.dr. C.E. West KatholiekeUniversitei t Nijmegen Wageningen Universiteit Prof.dr. J. Jansen Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen PEANUT BUTTER CONSUMPTION AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN SUDAN Ragaa ElHad iOme r Proefschrift terverkrijgin g van degraa dva n doctor opgeza gva n derecto r magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof.dr.ir. L.Speelma n in het openbaar te verdedigen opmaanda g 12maar t 2001 desnamiddag st e 16.00 uur in deAul a .QDlWO The research described in this thesis was funded by the Sudanese Standards and Meteorology Organisation (SSMO), Wageningen University and the University of Khartoum. Further support was obtained from the RIKILT-DLO Institute in Wageningen and the Forestry National Corporation in Khartoum. Financial support for the printing of this thesis was obtained from the Dr.Judit h Zwartz Foundation, Wageningen, The Netherlands. OmerE l Hadi, Ragaa Peanut butter consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma in Sudan: acase-contro l study Thesis Wageningen University - With ref. - With summary in Arabic ISBN 90-5808-366-7 Printing: Grafisch bedrijf Ponsen and Looijen B.V.,Wageningen , The Netherlands © Omer 2001 To thespirit of mylovely father Abstract PEANUT BUTTERCONSUMPTIO N AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN SUDAN Ph.D. thesis by Ragaa El Hadi Omer, Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, TheNetherlands. -
Artificial Food Colours and Children Why We Want to Limit and Label Foods Containing the ‘Southampton Six’ Food Colours on the UK Market Post-Brexit
Artificial food colours and children Why we want to limit and label foods containing the ‘Southampton Six’ food colours on the UK market post-Brexit November 2020 FIRST STEPS NUTRITIONArtificial food coloursTRUST and children: page Artificial food colours and children: Why we want to limit and label foods containing the‘Southampton Six’ food colours on the UK market post-Brexit November 2020 Published by First Steps Nutrition Trust. A PDF of this resource is available on the First Steps Nutrition Trust website. www.firststepsnutrition.org The text of this resource, can be reproduced in other materials provided that the materials promote public health and make no profit, and an acknowledgement is made to First Steps Nutrition Trust. This resource is provided for information only and individual advice on diet and health should always be sought from appropriate health professionals. First Steps Nutrition Trust Studio 3.04 The Food Exchange New Covent Garden Market London SW8 5EL Registered charity number: 1146408 First Steps Nutrition Trust is a charity which provides evidence-based and independent information and support for good nutrition from pre-conception to five years of age. For more information, see our website: www.firststepsnutrition.org Acknowledgements This report was written by Rachael Wall and Dr Helen Crawley. We would like to thank Annie Seeley, Sarah Weston, Erik Millstone and Anna Rosier for their help and support with this report. Artificial food colours and children: page 1 Contents Page Executive summary 3 Recommendations -
Sudan Dyes and Other Illegal Dyes
Sudan dyes and other illegal dyes Analysis in spices and food Sudan dyes, e.g. Sudan I to IV, Sudan In October 2004, the governmental Orange G, Sudan Red B, Sudan Red G, chemical institute “Bergisches Land” in Sudan Red 7B, and Sudan Black B as Wuppertal, Germany, reported the well as other dyes like 4-(Dimethylamino)- identification of two prohibited colours: azobenzene (Butter Yellow) and Para Butter Yellow and Para Red in bell pepper Red are basically synthetically produced powder and curry. azo dyes. Their degradation products are In February 2005, Great Britain experi- considered to be carcinogens and enced an extensive Rapid Alert action teratogens. Due to this fact, the EU does cycle. Due to the widespread use of one not permit the use of these colours as batch of chilli powder contaminated with food additives. However, in some Sudan I, batches of different products like countries, these dyes are still occasionally Worcester sauce, pizzas, pot noodles and used in order to intensify the colour of bell seafood sauces were subjected to com- pepper and chilli powder. plete recalls. Background Another recent concern is the discovery of the natural colour annatto in food and During 2003, the EU-Rapid Alert System spice mixes. Annatto (E 160b) is permit- (RASFF) issued a series of notifications ted by the EU for use in a variety of foods concerning the presence of Sudan dyes and beverages but not in spices and in chilli products and others such as spice mixtures. Its main colouring constit- spices, mixtures of spices, tomato uent is Bixin, with Norbixin being present sauces, pastas and sausages. -
Sunset Yellow Fcf
SUNSET YELLOW FCF Prepared at the 69th JECFA (2008), published in FAO JECFA Monographs 5 (2008), superseding specifications prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications, FAO JECFA Monographs 1 (2005). An ADI of 0-2.5 mg/kg bw was established at the 26th JECFA (1982). SYNONYMS CI Food Yellow 3, Orange Yellow S, CI (1975) No. 15985, INS No. 110. DEFINITION Sunset Yellow FCF consists principally of the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy- 5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components. (NOTE: The colour may be converted to the corresponding aluminium lake, in which case only the General Specifications for Aluminium Lakes of Colouring Matters apply.) Chemical names Principal component: Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphthalene-sulfonate C.A.S. number 2783-94-0 Chemical formula C16H10N2Na2O7S2 (Principal component) Structural formula (Principal component) Formula weight 452.38 (Principal component) Assay Not less than 85% total colouring matters DESCRIPTION Orange-red powder or granules FUNCTIONAL USES Colour CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION Solubility (Vol. 4) Soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol Colour test In water, neutral or acidic solutions of Sunset Yellow FCF are yellow- orange, whereas basic solutions are red-brown. When dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, the additive yields an orange solution that turns yellow when diluted with water. Colouring matters, Passes test identification (Vol. 4) PURITY Water content (Loss on Not more than 15% together with chloride and sulfate calculated as drying) (Vol. 4) sodium salts Water-insoluble matter Not more than 0.2% (Vol. -
Benzidine-Based Chemical Substances
Environmental Protection Agency § 721.1660 (b), (c), and (k) are applicable to manu- the significant new uses described in facturers, importers, and processors of paragraph (a)(2) of this section. this substance. (2) The significant new uses are any (2) Limitations or revocation of certain use other than as a reagent to test for notification requirements. The provisions hydrogen peroxide in milk; a reagent of § 721.185 apply to this section. to test for hydrogen sulfate, hydrogen [65 FR 367, Jan. 5, 2000] cyanide, and nicotine; a stain in mi- croscopy; a reagent for detecting blood; § 721.1660 Benzidine-based chemical an analytical standard; and also for substances. Colour Index (C.I.) Direct Red 28 (a) Chemical substances and significant (Congo Red, CAS No. 573-58-0) as an in- new uses subject to reporting. (1) The dicator dye. benzidine-based chemical substances (b) List of substances. The following listed in table 1 of this section are sub- table 1 lists the benzidine-based chem- ject to reporting under this section for ical substances covered by this section. TABLE 1—BENZIDINE-BASED CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES CAS number C.I. name C.I. number Chemical Name 92–87–5 Benzidine 0N/A [1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine 531–85–1 Benzidine · 2HCL N/A [1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, dihydrochloride 573–58–0 C.I. Direct Red 28 22120 1- Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 3,3′-[[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diylbis(azo)]bis[4- amino-, disodium salt 1937–37–7 C.I. Direct Black 38 30235 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-3-[[4′-[(2, 4- diaminophenyl)azo][1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl]azo]-5-hydroxy-6-(phenylazo)-, disodium salt 2302–97–8 C.I. -
MY CO2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS REQUEST FORM Form : 49(02)
MY CO2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS REQUEST FORM Form : 49(02) Company: From : (Dato / Dr / Mr / Ms / Mdm) Address: Tel No.: Fax No.: E-mail: Date : Attn to MY CO2 Laboratory PIC : (Mr / Ms) Sample description : Sample Name / Marking : Nutrition facts: Heavy Metals: Minerals: Preservatives: Vitamins: M'sia Arsenic Sodium Benzoic acid A K US Mercury Potassium Sodium benzoate B1 Australia Lead Calcium Sorbic acid B2 Singapore Cadmium Magnesium Potassium dioxide B3 China Tin Iron Sulphur dioxide B5 Hong Kong Antimony Zinc Nitrate B6 Taiwan Copper Phosphorus Nitrite B12 Zinc Iodine Propionic acid C Colour Manganese Boric Acid D Colouring Amino Acid Sodium Chloride Sodium Nitrite E Anitibiotics / Drug : Sugars : Artificial sweetener : Dyes : Microbiology : Chloramphenicol Total sugars Saccharin Sudan I TPC Nitrofurans AOZ Brix value Cyclamate Sudan II Coliform Nitrofurans AMOZ Sugar profile Sudan III E-coli Nitrofurans SEM Fructose Pesticides : Sudan IV Yeast & mould Nitrofurans DHA Glucose Organochlorine Para Red Step. Aureus Oxy / Tetracycline Sucrose Organophosphorus R2G Salmonelia Beta agonists Maltose Melachite Green P. asruginosa Tylosin Maltotriose Water : Bacillus cereus Colistin Sulphate Lactose MOH Drinking Water Toxin : C perfringerns Amoxicillin 25th Schedule Aflatoxin V cholerea Histamine Toy : T2 Toxin V parahaemolyticus Fluroquinolones Part 1 Waste Water : DON Enterobacteria Benzo(a)pyrene Part 2 DOE std 5 Fumonisin Listeria Melamine Part 3 DOE std 32 Ochratoxin Legionellaceae Gentamicin Part 7 DOE std 23 Zearelenone Thermophilic Bacteria -
Ecology Textbook for the Sudan
I Ecology textbook for the Sudan Ómeine van noordwijk, 1984 distributed by: Khartoum University Press, P.O.Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan Ecologische Uitgeverij, Gerard Doustraat 18, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ISBN 90 6224114 X produced on recycled paper by: Grafische Kring Groningen typeset: Zetterij de Boom, Siska printing: Drukkerij Papyrus, Brord, Henk, Oskar, Margreeth, Ronald binding: Binderij Steen/Witlox, Henrik, Nanneke illustrations: Kast Olema Daniel (page 33,36,37, 139, 182, 183) Marja de Vries (page 28,30,31,39,41,44,53,56,59,61,62,65,67, SO, 83, 84,88,89,90,91,94,98,99,103,108,109,118,125,131,149, 151, 158, 172, 176, 181, 187, 179,200,263,273,274, back cover) Joan Looyen (page 8, 47, 48, 96, 137) the author (others) II Foreword This book gives an introduction to basic principles of ecology in a Sudanese context, using local examples. Ecology is presented as a way of thinking about and interpreting one's own environment, which can only be learned by practising, by applying these ideas to one's specific situation. Some people are 'ecologists with their heads', considering ecology to be a purely academic, scientific subject; some are 'ecologists with their hearts', being concerned about the future conditions for life on our planet Earth; others are 'ecologists with their hands', having learned some basic principles of ecology by trial and error in traditional agriculture, fisheries etcetera. Education of 'ecologists in their mind', combining the positive sides of the three approaches mentioned, can be seen as essential for the future of a country such as the Democratic Republic 'of the Sudan, with its large environmental potential for positive development, along with great risks of mis-managing the natural resources. -
C10G-E020C Shimadzu's Total Support for Food Safety
Shimadzu’s Total Support for Food Safety C10G-E020C List of Analytical and Testing Instruments for Food Safety Inspection and Prevention of Region and Residual Veterinary Food Toxic Bacteria Mycotoxins Analysis of Off-Flavor Allergens Defects in Type Pesticides Pharmaceuticals Additives Metals Foreign Matter Packaging Identification Gas Chromatograph (GC) Analytical and Testing Instruments for Food Safety Gas Chromatograph Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) Liquid Chromatograph (LC) Shimadzu’s Total Support Liquid Chromatograph Mass spectrometer (LC-MS) for Food Safety MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) UV-VIS Spectrophotometer (UV) FTIR Spectrophotometer (FTIR) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA) ICP Emission / Spectrometer (ICP, ICP-MS) X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF, EDX) Universal Testing Machine (AG, EZ Test) 〇: Applicable Shimadzu Balances Thanks to the built-in UniBloc AP integrated aluminum mass sensor and an optimized control system, this balance achieves high-speed measurements with a response as quick as 2 seconds. It has been designed for excellent operability, and features an easy-to-read organic EL display. The AP-W series is equipped with a function to automatically calculate the weight values required for sample concentration preparation, which supports routine weighing operations. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. This publication may contain references to products that are not available in your country. Please contact us to check the availability of these products in your country. Company names, products/service names and logos used in this publication are trademarks and trade names of Shimadzu Corporation, its subsidiaries or its affiliates, whether or not they are used with trademark symbol “TM” or “®”. -
Maine Remedial Action Guidelines (Rags) for Contaminated Sites
Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites (RAGs) Effective Date: May 1, 2021 Approved by: ___________________________ Date: April 27, 2021 David Burns, Director Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management Executive Summary MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 17 State House Station | Augusta, Maine 04333-0017 www.maine.gov/dep Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites Contents 1 Disclaimer ...................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................... 1 2.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Consistency with Superfund Risk Assessment .............................................................................. 1 2.3 When to Use RAGs and When to Develop a Site-Specific Risk Assessment ................................. 1 3 Applicability ................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Applicable Programs & DEP Approval Process ............................................................................. 2 3.1.1 Uncontrolled Hazardous Substance Sites ............................................................................. 2 3.1.2 Voluntary Response Action Program