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Lower Jurassic Spores and Pollen Grains from Odrowąż, Mesozoic Margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

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Lower Jurassic Spores and Pollen Grains from Odrowąż, Mesozoic Margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland Acta Palaeobotanica 46(1): 3–83, 2006 Lower Jurassic spores and pollen grains from Odrowąż, Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland JADWIGA ZIAJA W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Received 31 August 2005; accepted for publication 12 June 2006 ABSTRACT. Sixty-three taxa of fossil pollen grains and spores from Odrowąż (Central Poland) are recognized, described and illustrated, their geographical and stratigraphical distributions, and affi nities are discussed. A new combination for Pityosporites minimus (Couper 1958) comb. nov. is proposed. Description of Classopollis pollen grains isolated from Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung male cones are given. The pollen grains from these cones are identical as dispersed Classopollis torosus (Reissinger) Couper from Odrowąż. Some problems of pollen and spores dispersal are discussed. The described microfl ora is compared with the macrofl ora from the investigated locality. The composition of the assemblages and the presence of the index species Aratrisporites minimus Schulz suggests that the sediments from Odrowąż represent the Hettangian. It confi rms the earlier opinion of the stratigraphical position of these sediments based on geological and macrofl oristical investigations. KEY WORDS: spores, pollen grains, Lower Jurassic, Odrowąż, Poland CONTENTS Introduction. 4 Leptolepidites. 24 Geology, lithostratigraphy, and sedimentary Osmundacidites. 24 environment . 4 Acanthotriletes. 24 Previous palaeontological and geological inves- Lycopodiacidites . 25 tigations of Lower Jurassic in the Mesozoic Lycopodiumsporites. 26 margin of the Holy Cross Mountains . 7 Contignisporites. 27 Material and methods . 9 Matonisporites . 28 Description of sporomorphs . 11 Lycospora . 29 Cyathidites. 11 Neochomotriletes . 29 Concavisporites . 14 Cingutriletes . 30 Deltoidospora. 14 Foveotriletes . 30 Plicifera . 15 Latosporites . 31 Calamospora . 15 Marattisporites . 31 Rogalskaisporites. 17 Aratrisporites. 32 Todisporites . 18 Alisporites . 33 Cibotiumspora . 19 Vitreisporites . 35 Auritulinasporites . 20 Pityosporites. 37 Conbaculatisporites. 20 Platysaccus . 38 Apiculatisporis. 21 Pinuspollenites. 38 Foraminisporis . 22 Inaperturopollenites . 39 Uvaesporites. 22 Araucariacites . 39 4 Spheripollenites . 41 Presumed ways of sporomorph dispersion of plants Perinopollenites . 42 found in Jurassic sediments from Odrowąż . 54 Chasmatosporites . 43 Stratigraphical position of the investigated sed- Monosulcites . 47 iments from Odrowąż on the basis of spores and Ephedripites. 48 pollen analysis . 55 Classopollis . 49 Acknowledgements . 55 Comparison of the microfl ora with the macro- References . 56 fl ora from Odrowąż . 52 Plates . 63 INTRODUCTION Odrowąż locality (known also as Sołtyków) GEOLOGY, LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY, is situated about 25 km north of Kielce, in the AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT area of the occurrence of the Liassic deposits (Figs 1–2). It is a clay-pit, since 1997 a geo- Lower Jurassic sediments surround the logical reserve. Palaeobotanical investigations Pa laeozoic core of the Holy Cross Mountains of the Odrowąż outcrop started in 1975 when from the north, west and southwest. The W. Karaszewski showed it to M. Reymanówna. detailed history of the geological investiga- E. Wcisło-Luraniec and J. Ziaja collected and tions of the Lower Jurassic at the margin of investigated fossil fl ora from this place since the Holy Cross Mountains is presented in Kar- 1985. Odrowąż is very interesting outcrop aszewski (1962) and Karaszewski and Kopik because of Jurassic plant macrofossils, spores (1970). Determination of the stratigraphy of and pollen grains, megaspores, dinosaur foot- these sediments is diffi cult because of insuf- prints and insect remains occurrence. fi cient number of index species. Hence, at the Fig. 1. Map of localities with Liassic micro- and macrofl oras in the Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains. 1 – locality with macrofl ora, 2 – locality with microfl ora (drawing by J. W. Wieser) 5 Fig. 2. Location of Odrowąż (Sołtyków). 1 – Holocene fl uvial deposits, 2 – Quaternary sands, 3 – Pleistocene sands of the accumulation terraces, 4 – Pleistocene sands and gravels of a front moraine and eskers, 5 – Pleistocene postglacial sands with boulders, 6 – Jurassic sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, 7 – Triassic siltstones and silts, 8 – old mine excavations. Odrowąż outcrop indicated by arrow, after Krajewski (1955), modifi ed (drawing by J. W. Wieser) beginning the stratigraphy of the Liassic was ments, gravels, and conglomerates. Thickness based on lithostratigraphic correlation and on of this series is from 30 m to 100 m. The marine macrofl ora. fauna, including molluscs and foraminifers, as The determined lithostratigraphical units well as micro- and macrospores were described or series (Fig. 3) are assigned roughly to the from this series. stages determined for the marine Liassic. The Ore-bearing series, called also Zarzecze These stages are illustrated e.g. on the Geolog- series, contains clay siderites and clay shales ical Time Table presented by the International mainly. Thickness of this series varies from Commission on Stratigraphy (2004) The only 40 to 110 m. It contains large proportion exception to that rule is the division of the old- of marine fauna, i.e. fi shes, molluscs, and est part of the Liassic into three series: Zagaje, foraminifers. Megaspores are known from this Skłoby, and Ore-bearing, which correspond to series, too. the Lias α1 and α2, i.e. Hettangian (Karasze- The Ostrowiec and Koszorów series, con- wski 1960, 1962, Karaszewski & Kopik 1970). sisting of sandstones with intercalations of The Zagaje series contains sandstones, clay- claystones and siltstones, correspond to Sine- stones, siltstones, siderite sferolites, siderites, murian. Their thickness varies from 40 m up and intercalations of coal. The thickness of this to 200 m. series reaches even up to 150 m in the north- The Gielniów and Drzewica series corre- ern part of the Mesozoic margin of the Holy spond to Pliensbachian. The former one con- Cross Mountains. Fauna is often in a bad state sists of claystones, sandstones and siltstones of preservation. The remains of molluscs and with siderites and contains numerous marine snails were found especially in the upper part foraminifers and molluscs. The so-called of this series. Ostracods were also recorded. Chmielów clays containing a lot of plant fos- Fossil macrofl ora, microfl ora, and macrospores sils. The thickness of this series varies from occurred here as well. 15 m up to 70 m. The Drzewica series, called The Skłoby series, called also Gromadzice also Bronów series, contains sandstones mainly series, consists of sandstone-claystone sedi- and is 45–80 m thick. 6 Fig. 3. Lithostratigraphical subdivisions of the Lower Jurassic deposits in Poland after Pieńkowski (2004), modifi ed (drawing by K. Cywa) The Toarcian sediments are divided into series, including it to the Ostrowiec Formation. the Ciechocinek series, 20–80 m thick, and He called the Ore-bearing series the Przysucha the Borucice series, up to 145 m thick. Silt-clay Ore-bearing Formation. After Pieńkowski (op. sediments predominate in the former one, with cit.) in the northern part of the Mesozoic margin foraminifers and undeterminable remains of of the Holy Cross Mountains the lowest Liassic molluscs and fi sh teeth. The latter one consists Zagaje Formation is entirely of terrestrial ori- of sandstones mainly. gin. The fully developed facies of the formation Pieńkowski (Pieńkowski 1983, Pieńkowski (in ascending order) consists of: 1/ sediments of & Gierliński 1987) carried out a further anastomosing rivers; 2/ sediments of meander- research of the northern part of the Holy Cross ing rivers, and 3/ lacustrine-boggy sediments. Mountains Liassic. He classifi ed all the series The other formations are mainly of marine as formations, lowered the lower boundary of origin. They were accumulated in a sea basin the Skłoby series and renounced the Koszorów with a low salinity and its littoral areas, bar- 7 riers, lagoons and deltas. Pieńkowski (op.cit.) cies of the Equisetales, Filicales, Cycadales evidenced two important sea transgressions in and Coniferales from the localities Chmielów, the Liassic sediments in the Holy Cross Moun- Gromadzice and Miłków (Fig. 1). In the second tains area: 1/ in the Hettangian, at the begin- paper Raciborski (1892) described 19 species ning of the Skłoby Formation, more or less at of fossil plants from this region among them the boundary between the Lias α1 and the Lias the new genus Ixostrobus Rac. He considered α2, conditions of a brackish reservoir and its the age of this fossil macrofl ora as Rhaetic, costal facies prevailed; 2/ in the Lower Sine- following the used, at that time, stratigraphic murian, above the lowest terrestrial complex scheme of Nathorst (1910). of the Ostrowiec Formation, at the Lias α3, the The fossil fl ora from this region was inves- conditions of a shallow brackish reservoir and tigated also by Makarewiczówna (1928) who its coastal facies prevailed. described and illustrated 43 species from the The sea regressions are clearly evidenced localities Podszkodzie, Szewna, Jędrzejowice in the Ore-bearing Formation, and the return and Chmielów (Fig. 1). She agreed with to the terrestrial conditions occurred in the M. Raciborski that this fl ora belongs to Thau- beginning of the sedimentation of the Ostrow- matopteris schenkii zone in Nathorst’s scheme iec Formation.
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