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Humorwork, Feminist Philosophy, and Unstable Politics

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Humorwork, Feminist Philosophy, and Unstable Politics HUMORWORK, FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY, AND UNSTABLE POLITICS by AMY BILLINGSLEY A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Philosophy and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2019 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Amy Billingsley Title: Humorwork, Feminist Philosophy, and Unstable Politics This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Philosophy by: Bonnie Mann Chairperson Beata Stawarska Core Member Delia Chiaro Core Member Michael J. Stern Institutional Representative and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded March 2019 ii © 2019 Amy Billingsley This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (International) License. iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Amy Billingsley Doctor of Philosophy Department of Philosophy March 2019 Title: Humorwork, Feminist Philosophy, and Unstable Politics This dissertation examines humor as a situated practice of reappropriation and transformation undertaken by a subject within a social world. I bring together insights from humor studies, philosophy of humor, and feminist philosophy (especially feminist continental philosophy) to introduce the concept of humorwork as an unstable political practice of reappropriating and transforming existing images, speech, and situations. I argue that humorwork is an unstable politics because the practice of reappropriation and transformation often exceeds the intentions of the subject practicing humor, taking on a continued life beyond the humorist’s intentions. By focusing on the practice of humor, the subject who produces it, their social and political world, the affects circulated through political humor, and the politics of popular and scholarly discourse about humor, I push against a reductive, depoliticized concept of humor and the trivializing gesture of “it’s just a joke.” Instead, I argue that humorists are responsible and connected to (if not always blameable) for the social and political life of their humorwork, despite the unstable and unpredictable uptake of humor against a humorist’s intentions. iv CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Amy Billingsley GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, OR West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Philosophy, 2019, University of Oregon Graduate Certificate, Women’s and Gender Studies, 2019, University of Oregon Master of Arts, Philosophy, 2014, University of Oregon Bachelor of Arts, Women’s Studies, 2010, West Chester University of Pennsylvania Bachelor of Arts, Philosophy, 2010, West Chester University of Pennsylvania AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Feminist Philosophy Social and Political Philosophy PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Teaching Assistant, Department of Philosophy, University of Oregon, Eugene, 2011-2016, 2019 Teaching Assistant, Department of Women’s and Gender Studies, University of Oregon, Eugene, 2016-2018 Graduate Assistant, Philosophy in an Inclusive Key Summer Institute (PIKSI), Penn State University, State College, June 2017 GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Graduate Teaching Fellowship, Women’s and Gender Studies, University of Oregon, 2016-2018 Graduate Teaching Fellowship, Philosophy, University of Oregon, 2011-2016, 2019 v Paideia Teaching Award, University of Oregon, 2016 Center for the Study of Women in Society Travel Grant, Trans Subjugated Knowledge, University of Oregon, 2016 Philosophy Matters Prize, Laughing against Patriarchy: Humor, Silence, and Feminist Resistance, University of Oregon, 2013 West Chester University Outstanding Student Award, 2010 PUBLICATIONS: Marvin, Amy. “Transsexuality, the Curio, and the Transgender Tipping Point.” In Curiosity Studies: Toward a New Ecology of Knowledge, edited by Perry Zurn and Arjun Shankar. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (Forthcoming). Marvin, Amy. “Groundwork for Transfeminist Care Ethics: Sara Ruddick, Trans Children, and Solidarity in Dependency.” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy (Forthcoming). https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12448/. Marvin, Amy. “The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy.” Hypatia Reviews Online. Book Review (June 2018). http://hypatiareviews.org/reviews/content/356/. Billingsley, Amy. “Technology and Narratives of Continuity in Transgender Experiences.” Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 1, no. 1 (2015): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.5206/fpq/2015.1.6/. Billingsley, Amy. “Hope in a Vice: Carole Pateman, Judith Butler, and Suspicious Hope.” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 30, no. 3 (2015): 597-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12156/. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am thankful to my parents, Kathleen and Stephen Marvin, and to my sister Karen Marvin for providing me with consistent and long-standing support while I ventured off to graduate school on the opposite coast of Oregon and continued with my studies all the way through. They have unceasingly put up with me throughout the many hardships and twists of fate during this process, and I am grateful to have them in my life. I am blessed to have a large extended family that has remained supportive during this process. I am also thankful for the support of other friends and loved ones during graduate school, including Sara Bess, Elizabeth Balskus, Megan Burke, Emerald Future, Lauren Eichler, Paria Gashtili, Fulden Ibrahimhakkioglu, Rosario Inés, Brooke Larson, and Jackie Shadlen. In addition to my many human friends, I must also include my cat Cello, who has been a constant and unceasingly optimistic dear friend during this time. Finally, I want to acknowledge my sourdough starter, Penelope, and the many gifts of bread they have offered me while finishing my writing. I owe special thanks to Bonnie Mann for supporting me throughout the course of my writing and thoroughly engaging with my work. I wish to thank my dissertation committee – Bonnie Mann, Beata Stawarska, Delia Chiaro, and Michael J. Stern – for their support and feedback, and for their help with finishing and polishing the project. In addition to my committee, Rocío Zambrana has been very supportive of my continued work. I am forever grateful for the work of TK Landázuri, who unfailingly helped me stay on task and navigate difficult situations, as well as many other office staff employees who do essential work to help graduate students not fall through the cracks. I am also vii grateful to the faculty of the University of Oregon Philosophy department for their support and instruction. Finally, I owe thanks to the larger philosophy community that has engaged with and supported my work, including Andrea Pitts, Grayson Hunt, Talia Bettcher, Serene J. Khader, Tamsin Kimoto, and Perry Zurn. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION: LAUGHING AT MY EXPENSE: PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS ON UNSTABLE HUMORWORK ................................................... 1 Humor and Humorlessness among Women and Snake People ........................ 1 With Laughter on My Side ............................................................................... 10 Reflections on Laughing Time Away and Going Viral .................................... 16 In on the Joke: Situating Humor ....................................................................... 26 II. THE BALDERDASH OF THE OTHER WOMAN: EXILING CONTINENTAL FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY FROM JEST ....................................... 31 Author Meets Comics: Interventions of a Humorless Feminist Millennial ...... 31 Empirical Considerations: Why Isn’t the Author in a Lab Coat? ..................... 38 Social Scripts without Social Effects ................................................................ 48 Christie Davies and the Balderdash of “the Other” .......................................... 54 Bill Burr’s Buried Argument ............................................................................ 64 III. LAUGHING AND NOT BEING NORMATIVE: HUMOR AS A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RESTRICTION OF PUBLIC SPACE ........................... 67 Rousseau, Rape, and Humor Restricting Space ................................................ 67 Constellations, Crazy Quilts, and Cluster You-Know-Whats .......................... 73 Power in a Box: Why a Social and Political Philosophy of Humor is Obsolete ............................................................................................ 75 The Result: Contemporary Humor Ethics without Politics .............................. 85 When Power was Free to Laugh: Revisiting Superiority Theory ..................... 95 Laughter and Misogyny: Kate Manne and Stand-Up Comedy ......................... 99 Laughter, Emotions, and the Restriction of Public Space: Transphobic Laughter ....................................................................................... 110 Finding More Power in Humor ......................................................................... 125 ix Chapter Page IV. FROM LAUGHTER TO PRACTICE: AN ARGUMENT FOR A CONCRETE FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY OF HUMOR .......................................... 127 Feminist Laughter and Resistance on Film and in Text: A Question of Silence, Irigaray, Cixous, and Willett ........................................ 127 A Critique of Feminist Laughter: From Promise to Practice ............................ 142 Julia Kristeva, Volcanic Practices, and Haunted Clocktowers
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