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On the Taxonomy of Zeuzera Boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) Species Complex with Description of a New Genus and Three New Species

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On the Taxonomy of Zeuzera Boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) Species Complex with Description of a New Genus and Three New Species Ecologica Montenegrina 38: 215-226 (2020) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.38.31 https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B0D7676D-1A36-4BBF-B8D8-531B0519D96B On the taxonomy of Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) species complex with description of a new genus and three new species ROMAN V. YAKOVLEV Altai State University, Lenina pr. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Lenina pr. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia. Received 10 December 2020 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 22 December 2020 │ Published online 23 December 2020. Abstract The article contains the description of a new genus, Davidlivingstonia Yakovlev, gen. nov. (Type species Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) and three new species: D. staudei Yakovlev, spec. nov. (Type locality: Zambia: Samfia, Mukushi, reg. Liubwe), D. prozorovi Yakovlev, spec. nov. (Type locality: Congo Belge, Congo River), and D. lenzi Yakovlev, spec. nov. (Type locality: Zambia: Ndole Bay, shores of the Lake Tanganyika). The new combination Davidlivingstonia boisduvalii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854), comb. nov. is established. New records of D. boisduvalii for Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo are provided. The article is illustrated with 25 figures of adults, male and female genitalia and distribution maps. Key words: Biodiversity, Africa, taxonomy, fauna, Carpenter-Moths, Lepidoptera, Cossidae. Introduction The family Cossidae includes over 1200 valid species worldwide. The knowledge of the taxonomy of the group is currently rather poor, especially concerning the fauna of the tropical regions. Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) was described from Gatam (Sierra-Leone) (Herrich-Schäffer 1854: 58, Taf. 35: 167). Walker (1856) maintained the original combination and reported the species from Ghana (Ashanti). Dalla-Torre (1923) also mentioned this species in the original combination. A new combination Azygophleps boisduvalii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) was established by Gaede (1930), later Schoorl (1990) transferred the species to Phragmataecia Newman, 1850. Although Yakovlev (2011) retransferred boisduvalii to Azygophleps, the generic combination remained tentative. The species was recorded in a number of African countries: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan (Aurivillius 1905, 1925; Holland 1920; Fletcher 1968; Schoorl 1990; Borth et al. 2011; Yakovlev 2014; Yakovlev & Murphy 2013; Yakovlev et al. 2019; Yakovlev & Witt 2019). Ecologica Montenegrina, 38, 2020, 215-226 TAXONOMY OF ZEUZERA BOISDUVALII SPECIES COMPLEX Examination of extensive materials of Afrotropical Cossidae deposited in several collections revealed that the specimens previously defined as Zeuzera boisduvalii represent a complex of species displaying morphological characters suggesting their placement in a distinct genus. In this paper a new genus, Davidlivingstonia gen. n. is established for Z. boisduvalii with the description of three new species. Material and methods Adults of Cossidae were collected using light traps. Male and female genitalia were mounted in euparal on microscope slides following Lafontaine and Mikkola (Lafontaine & Mikkola 1987; Lafontaine 2004). The adults were photographed using various digital cameras. The genitalia preparations were photographed using a Olympus DP74 camera attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and Tucsen H series digital microscope camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope. Abbreviations of the depositories used: ANHRT – African Natural History Research Trust, Leominster, UK; MNHN – Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MRAC − Museum Royal of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; MWM – Museum Witt, Munich, Germany; MSW − private collection of Manfred Ströhle, Weiden, Germany; NHMO − Natural History Museum, University of Oslo (Norway); NHMUK (formerly BMNH) – The Natural History Museum (formerly British Museum of Natural History), London, UK; NHMZ – National History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; RYB – private collection of Roman V. Yakovlev, Barnaul, Russia; TMSA (formerly Transvaal Museum) − Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa; ZSM − Zoologische Sammlung der Bayerischen Staates, Munich, Germany. Taxonomical part Davidlivingstonia Yakovlev gen. nov. Figs 1−23 Type species (designated there) Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 Description. Male. Moths of medium size. Basal half of male antenna bipectinate (rami three to five times longer than antenna rod diameter), distal half serrate (rami very short, as long as antenna rod diameter). Forewing elongated, ground colour pale creamy, wingpattern consisting of brown spots and short dashes throughout the wing surface. Hindwing short, light, without pattern. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular, apically pointed; gnathos absent; valvae simple, relatively long margins smooth, apex rounded; juxta scaphoid, with a pair of short leaf-like posterio-lateral processes; saccus long (at least as long as half of valva length), apically tapering; phallus thin, long, with wide flat basal section, vesica aperture in dorso-apical position, about 1/3 as long as phallus length, vesica without cornuti. Female. In wingspan 1.2−1.3 times larger than males. Basal half of antenna bipectinate (rami short, 1.5−2 times longer than antenna rod diameter), distal half serrate (rami very short, as long as antenna rod diameter). Wingpattern as in males. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, thick; papillae anales conical, with ribbed notches on lateral surfaces; apophyses anteriores and posteriores long, equal in llength; antrum cup-like, short, poorly immersed; ductus bursae relatively short, narrow; corpus bursae small, sack-like, with small star-shaped signum bursae on lateral surface; thin ductus with small bag-like bulla seminalis projecting from lateral surface of corpus bursae. Diagnosis. Externally, the new genus is reminiscent of the widespread Palaeotropical genus Azygophleps Hampson, 1892 (type species: Hepialis scalaris Fabricius, 1775), though it clearly differs from it and from 216 YAKOVLEV the Afrotropical representatives of Zeuzerinae (Sinjaeviella Yakovlev, 2009 (type species: Sinjaeviella elegantissima Yakovlev, 2009), Strigocossus Houlbert, 1916 (type species: Strigocossus leucopteris Houlbert, 1916), Acosma Yakovlev, 2011 (type species: Acosma gurkoi Yakovlev, 2011), Aethalopteryx Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Phragmatoecia atrireta Hampson, 1910), Alophonotus Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Chalcidica (Duomitus) rauana Strand, 1909), Tarsozeuzera Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Zeuzera kochi Semper, 1896), Paralophonotus Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Zeuzera auroguttata Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]), Pseudozeuzera Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Duomitus biatra Hampson, 1910), Oreocossus Aurivillius, 1910 (type species: Duomitus kilimanjarensis Holland, 1892), and Eburgemellus Schoorl, 1990 (type species: Xyleutes geminatus Gaede, 1930)) by the fundamentally different configuration of the phallus. In all aforementioned genera, the vesica has a large finger-like cornutus. According to the phallus structure and in the very simple configuration of the male genitalia, the new genus is more closely related to the genera: Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 (type species: Noctua arundinis Hübner, 1808), Zeuzeropecten Gaede, 1930 (type species: Zeuzeropecten lactescens Gaede, 1930), and Wittoecia Yakovlev, 2020 (type species: Azygophleps brehmi Yakovlev & Witt, 2016). From the species of the genus Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 it differs by the robust, long saccus. Its closest relatives are the Ethiopian Wittoecia Yakovlev, 2020 and Zeuzeropecten Gaede, 1930 distributed in Madagascar and in eastern Africa, from those it differs in the very short lateral processes of the juxta, the gradually tapering saccus, the fundamentally different wingpattern (fine spots and dashes on the forewing) and the external feature (the narrow and long forewing). Comparison of the females of the new genus and the genera Wittoecia and Zeuzeropecten were not carried out in this paper as the females of the latter genera are unknown. Etymology. The Genus is named after David Livingstone (1813−1873) an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era. Species content. The new genus includes four species: D. boisduvalii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854), comb. nov., D. staudei Yakovlev spec. nov., D. prozorovi Yakovlev spec. nov. and D. lenzi Yakovlev spec. nov. Distribution. The genus is widely distributed in the sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Cameroon in the west and from South Sudan to Zimbabwe and Mozambique in the east. Davidlivingstonia boisduvalii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854), comb. nov. Figs 1−6, 16−17, 23, 25 Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: 58, Taf. 35: 167 Type locality: Gatam (Sierra-Leone). Type material: holotype (male) in MNHN, examined. Material examined. Sierra Leone: Holotype (male), Gatam (MNHN); 8 males, Sierra Leone, Tingi hills forest reserve, 800 m, Singi-Singi Mts., ca. 46 km NE Koido-Sefadu, near Bandaperei (KONO), N8º 57.083, W10º 44.751, 11-15-IV-2010, leg. Rudloff (MSW); 1 male, Sierra Leone, Loma Mountains, farmland/forest mosaic, 420 m, 11-15.VI-2016, N09º07′47′′, W11º 05′24′′, leg. Takano, Miles & Goff, ANHRT: 2017.18, gen. slide No.: LG 5183
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