THE PUBLICATION of the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY Vol 34, No
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Endurance: a Glorious Failure – the Imperial Transantarctic Expedition 1914 – 16 by Alasdair Mcgregor
Endurance: A glorious failure – The Imperial Transantarctic Expedition 1914 – 16 By Alasdair McGregor ‘Better a live donkey than a dead lion’ was how Ernest Shackleton justified to his wife Emily the decision to turn back unrewarded from his attempt to reach the South Pole in January 1909. Shackleton and three starving, exhausted companions fell short of the greatest geographical prize of the era by just a hundred and sixty agonising kilometres, yet in defeat came a triumph of sorts. Shackleton’s embrace of failure in exchange for a chance at survival has rightly been viewed as one of the greatest, and wisest, leadership decisions in the history of exploration. Returning to England and a knighthood and fame, Shackleton was widely lauded for his achievement in almost reaching the pole, though to him such adulation only heightened his frustration. In late 1910 news broke that the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen would now vie with Shackleton’s archrival Robert Falcon Scott in the race to be first at the pole. But rather than risk wearing the ill-fitting and forever constricting suit of the also-ran, Sir Ernest Shackleton then upped the ante, and in March 1911 announced in the London press that the crossing of the entire Antarctic continent via the South Pole would thereafter be the ultimate exploratory prize. The following December Amundsen triumphed, and just three months later, Robert Falcon Scott perished; his own glorious failure neatly tailored for an empire on the brink of war and searching for a propaganda hero. The field was now open for Shackleton to hatch a plan, and in December 1913 the grandiloquently titled Imperial Transantarctic Expedition was announced to the world. -
The Bibliofiles: Victoria Mckernan
The BiblioFiles: Victoria McKernan Premiere date: April 28, 2012 DR. DANA: The Cotsen Children's Library at Princeton University Library presents The BiblioFiles. [MUSIC PLAYING] DR. DANA: Hi, this is Dr. Dana. Today my guest is Victoria McKernan, author of Shackleton's Stowaway. In 1914, British explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew of 27 men set off on a tremendously ambitious expedition. Their goal was to be the first men to cross the Antarctic continent. Unfortunately, their ship, the Endurance, never reached land. Instead, it became trapped by pack ice in the Weddle Sea. The ship was eventually crushed by the ice, forcing the men to travel by lifeboat and land on the barren and inhospitable Elephant Island. Since the island was too remote for passing ships, there was no hope of rescue. So Shackleton and five others returned to sea in a tiny boat and sailed 800 miles to South Georgia Island. There, they hoped to contact a whaling station and return for the others. When hurricane strength winds forced them to land on the wrong side of South Georgia Island, Shackleton and two others trekked 25 miles over mountains-- 36 hours without stopping-- to reach civilization. Eventually, Shackleton rescued the three men on South Georgia Island and the 22 men stranded on Elephant Island. Despite incredible odds and unimaginable hardships, not a single man was lost. The story of Ernest Shackleton is absolutely true, and author Victoria McKernan brings it to life through the eyes of Perce Blackborow, a young sailor who actually stowed away on the Endurance in 1914. -
Tom Crean – Antarctic Explorer
Tom Crean – Antarctic Explorer Mount Robert Falcon Scott compass The South Pole Inn Terra Nova Fram Amundsen camp Royal Navy Weddell Endurance coast-to-coast Annascaul food Elephant Georgia glacier Ringarooma experiments scurvy south wrong Tom Crean was born in __________, Co. Kerry in 1877. When he was 15 he joined the_____ _____. While serving aboard the __________ in New Zealand, he volunteered for the Discovery expedition to the Antarctic. The expedition was led by Captain __________ _________ __________. The aim of the expedition was to explore any lands that could be reaching and to conduct scientific __________. Tom Crean was part of the support crew and was promoted to Petty Officer, First Class for all his hard work. Captain Scott did not reach the South Pole on this occasion but he did achieve a new record of furthest __________. Tom Crean was asked to go on Captain Scott’s second expedition called __________ __________to Antarctica. This time Captain Scott wanted to be the first to reach the South Pole. There was also a Norwegian expedition called __________ led by Roald __________ who wanted to be the first to reach the South Pole. Tom Crean was chosen as part of an eight man team to go to the South Pole. With 250km to go to the South Pole, Captain Scott narrowed his team down to five men and ordered Tom Crean, Lieutenant Evans and Lashly to return to base _______. Captain Scott made it to the South Pole but were beaten to it by Amundsen. They died on the return journey to base camp. -
Navigation on Shackleton's Voyage to Antarctica
Records of the Canterbury Museum, 2019 Vol. 33: 5–22 © Canterbury Museum 2019 5 Navigation on Shackleton’s voyage to Antarctica Lars Bergman1 and Robin G Stuart2 1Saltsjöbaden, Sweden 2Valhalla, New York, USA Email: [email protected] On 19 January 1915, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, under the leadership of Sir Ernest Shackleton, became trapped in their vessel Endurance in the ice pack of the Weddell Sea. The subsequent ordeal and efforts that lead to the successful rescue of all expedition members are the stuff of legend and have been extensively discussed elsewhere. Prior to that time, however, the voyage had proceeded relatively uneventfully and was dutifully recorded in Captain Frank Worsley’s log and work book. This provides a window into the navigational methods used in the day-to- day running of the ship by a master mariner under normal circumstances in the early twentieth century. The conclusions that can be gleaned from a careful inspection of the log book over this period are described here. Keywords: celestial navigation, dead reckoning, double altitudes, Ernest Shackleton, Frank Worsley, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, Mercator sailing, time sight Introduction On 8 August 1914, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic passage in the 22½ foot (6.9 m) James Caird to Expedition under the leadership of Sir Ernest seek rescue from South Georgia. It is ultimately Shackleton set sail aboard their vessel the steam a tribute to Shackleton’s leadership and Worsley’s yacht (S.Y.) Endurance from Plymouth, England, navigational skills that all survived their ordeal. with the goal of traversing the Antarctic Captain Frank Worsley’s original log books continent from the Weddell to Ross Seas. -
A Sheffield Hallam University Thesis
The polar sublime in contemporary poetry of Arctic and Antarctic exploration. JACKSON, Andrew Buchanan. Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20170/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20170/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. jj Learning and information Services I Adsetts Centre, City Campus * Sheffield S1 1WD 102 156 549 0 REFERENCE ProQuest Number: 10700005 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10700005 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 The Polar Sublime in Contemporary Poetry of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration Andrew Buchanan Jackson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2015 Abstract In this thesis I formulate the concept of a polar sublime, building on the work of Chauncy Loomis and Francis Spufford, and use this new framework for the appraisal of contemporary polar-themed poetry. -
One of the Most Famous and Courageous New Zealanders That Many of Us Have Never Heard Of!
One of the most famous and courageous New Zealanders that many of us have never heard of! This book is a biography of Frank Worsley, without doubt one of New Zealand’s greatest, but largely unsung adventuring heroes. Born in Akaroa he went to sea as a teenager in 1888 on the sailing ships plying their trade between New Zealand and England. But the greatest adventure of his life began when he became the captain of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance, which was trapped in pack ice on the 1914–1916 Antarctic expedition and slowly crushed. The crew of 28 spent over a year camped on the Antarctic ice before Shackleton, Worsley and four others sailed a tiny lifeboat across the wild Southern Ocean to South Georgia to summon help for the rest of the men, who were all eventually rescued. This 17-day journey remains one of the greatest ever feats of seamanship and relied totally on Worsley’s brilliant navigation. Worsley was more than just Shackleton’s captain however. For the rest of his life he continued to seek adventures in a manner contemporaries described as ‘fearless’, being decorated for bravery in both world wars, and continuing to captain ships all around the world. This is a revision of John Thomson’s 1998 book Shackleton’s Captain and features new information and illustrations to refresh a story that deserves to be retold for future generations. The story of this proud New Zealander’s remarkable approach to life, far from home, will inspire young men and women who dare to lift their gaze above the ordinary. -
E R N E S T Shackleton
THE FOURTEENTH ERNEST SHACKLETON AUTUMN SCHOOL 24- 27TH OCTOBER 2014 ATHY HERITAGE CENTRE MUSEUM LECTURES . EXHIBITION . FILM . DRAMA . EXCURSIONS ENDURANCE CENTENARY PERFORMANCE www.shackletonmuseum.com/autumn_school/2014 . Tel: (059) 863 3075 Sir Ernest Shackleton Born close to the village of Kilkea, Friday 24th October between Castledermot and Athy, in the south Official Opening Athy Heritage Centre - Museum of County Kildare in 1874, Ernest Shackleton is renowned for his courage, his commitment & Exhibition Launch by to the welfare of his comrades, and his 7.30pm Mr Peter Carey, Chief Executive of Kildare County Council immense contribution to exploration and geographical discovery. The Shackleton family Book Launch first came to south Kildare in the early years 8.00pm In association with the Collins Press of the eighteenth century. Ernest’s Quaker the school will host the launch of forefather, Abraham Shackleton, established a multi-denominational school in the village Shackleton: By Endurance We Conquer by of Ballitore. This school was to educate such Michael Smith. notable figures as Napper Tandy, Edmund The book is the first comprehensive Burke, Cardinal Paul Cullen and Shackleton’s great aunt, the Quaker writer, Mary Leadbeater. biography of Shackleton in a generation. Apart from their involvement in education, the The book will be launched by Aidan extended family was also deeply involved in Dooley, actor, writer, director and the the business and farming life of south Kildare. Having gone to sea as a teenager, creator of the acclaimed one man show, Shackleton joined Captain Scott’s Discovery “Tom Crean - Antarctic Explorer”. expedition (1901 – 1904) and, in time, was to lead three of his own expeditions to the Antarctic. -
After Editing
Shackleton Dates AUGUST 8th 1914 The team leave the UK on the ship, Endurance. DEC 5th 1914 They arrive at the edge of the Antarctic pack ice, in the Weddell Sea. JAN 18th 1915 Endurance becomes frozen in the pack ice. OCT 27TH 1915 Endurance is crushed in the ice after drifting for 9 months. Ship is abandoned and crew start to live on the pack ice. NOV 1915 Endurance sinks; men start to set up a camp on the ice. DEC 1915 The pack ice drifts slowly north; Patience camp is set up. MARCH 23rd 2016 They see land for the first time – 139 days have passed; the land can’t be reached though. APRIL 9th 2016 The pack ice starts to crack so the crew take to the lifeboats. APRIL 15th 1916 The 3 crews arrive on ELEPHANT ISLAND where they set up camp. APRIL 24th 1916 5 members of the team, including Shackleton, leave in the lifeboat James Caird, on an 800 mile journey to South Georgia, for help. MAY 10TH 1916 The James Caird crew arrive in the south of South Georgia. MAY 19TH -20TH Shackleton, Crean and Worsley walk across South Georgis to the whaling station at Stromness. MAY 23RD 1916 All the men on Elephant Island are safe; Shackleton starts on his first attempt at a rescue from South Georgia but ice prevents him. AUGUST 25th Shackleton leaves on his 4th attempt, on the Chilian tug boat Yelcho; he arrives on Elephant Island on August 30th and rescues all his crew. MAY 1917 All return to England. -
Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 116 NEW COLLEGE VALLEY, CAUGHLEY BEACH, CAPE BIRD, ROSS ISLAND
Management Plan For Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 116 NEW COLLEGE VALLEY, CAUGHLEY BEACH, CAPE BIRD, ROSS ISLAND 1. Description of values to be protected In 1985, two areas at Cape Bird, Ross Island were designated as SSSI No. 10, Caughley Beach (Recommendation XIII-8 (1985)) and SPA No. 20, New College Valley (Recommendation XIII-12 (1985)), following proposals by New Zealand that these areas should be protected because they contained some of the richest stands of moss and associated microflora and fauna in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. This is the only area on Ross Island where protection is specifically given to plant assemblages and associated ecosystems. At that time, SPA No. 20 was enclosed within SSSI No. 10, in order to provide more stringent access conditions to that part of the Area. In 2000, SSSI No. 10 was incorporated with SPA No. 20 by Measure 1 (2000), with the former area covered by SPA No. 20 becoming a Restricted Zone within the revised SPA No. 20. The boundaries of the Area were revised from the boundaries in the original recommendations, in view of improved mapping and to follow more closely the ridges enclosing the catchment of New College Valley. Caughley Beach itself was adjacent to, but never a part of, the original Area, and for this reason the entire Area was renamed as New College Valley, which was within both of the original sites. The Area was redesignated by Decision 1 (2002) as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 116 and a revised Management Plan was adopted through Measure 1 (2006). -
JOURNAL Number Six
THE JAMES CAIRD SOCIETY JOURNAL Number Six Antarctic Exploration Sir Ernest Shackleton MARCH 2012 1 Shackleton and a friend (Oliver Locker Lampson) in Cromer, c.1910. Image courtesy of Cromer Museum. 2 The James Caird Society Journal – Number Six March 2012 The Centennial season has arrived. Having celebrated Shackleton’s British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition, courtesy of the ‘Matrix Shackleton Centenary Expedition’, in 2008/9, we now turn our attention to the events of 1910/12. This was a period when 3 very extraordinary and ambitious men (Amundsen, Scott and Mawson) headed south, to a mixture of acclaim and tragedy. A little later (in 2014) we will be celebrating Sir Ernest’s ‘crowning glory’ –the Centenary of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition 1914/17. Shackleton failed in his main objective (to be the first to cross from one side of Antarctica to the other). He even failed to commence his land journey from the Weddell Sea coast to Ross Island. However, the rescue of his entire team from the ice and extreme cold (made possible by the remarkable voyage of the James Caird and the first crossing of South Georgia’s interior) was a remarkable feat and is the reason why most of us revere our polar hero and choose to be members of this Society. For all the alleged shenanigans between Scott and Shackleton, it would be a travesty if ‘Number Six’ failed to honour Captain Scott’s remarkable achievements - in particular, the important geographical and scientific work carried out on the Discovery and Terra Nova expeditions (1901-3 and 1910-12 respectively). -
Whiteout: an Examination of the Material Culture of Remembrance and Identity Generated Between New Zealand and Antarctica Peter
Memory Connection Volume 1 Number 1 © 2011 The Memory Waka Whiteout: An Examination of the Material Culture of Remembrance and Identity Generated Between New Zealand and Antarctica Peter Wood Memory Connection Volume 1 Number 1 © 2011 The Memory Waka Whiteout: An Examination of the Material Culture of Remembrance and Identity Generated Between New Zealand and Antarctica Peter Wood Abstract This article examines the cultural artefacts of memory that have been produced as a result of New Zealand’s ongoing participation in the exploration of Antarctica. In this research I define two classes of Antarctic memory-making. The first is composed of geographically located artefacts directly associated with New Zealand’s physical participation in South Pole exploration. The second class posits representational interpretations of Antarctica as sites of cultural “meaningfulness” to New Zealand’s identity. Both categories are defined chronologically by the Antarctic Treaty (1959), which sought to protect objects of “historical interest” from damage or destruction while prohibiting the addition of other permanent artefacts. I suggest that one unforeseen outcome of the Antarctic Treaty was the creation of two states of memory: one of authentic history dating from before 1959, and another of documentary history (requiring representational interpretation), which has occurred since that time. The best examples of the former are the rudimentary huts which remain from the so-called “heroic period” of Antarctic exploration. An excellent example of the latter is found in the Artists to Antarctica programme in which selected New Zealand artists—writers, visual artists and musicians—have the opportunity to visit and record their views of the region’s unique qualities. -
Chilean-Navy-Day-2016-Service.Pdf
Westminster Abbey A W REATHLAYING CEREMONY AT THE GRAVE OF ADMIRAL LORD COCHRANE , TH 10 EARL OF DUNDONALD ON CHILEAN NAVY DAY Thursday 19th May 2016 11.00 am THE CHILEAN NAVY Today we honour those men and women who, over the centuries, have given their lives in defence of their country, and who, through doing so, have shown the world their courage and self-sacrifice. As a maritime country, Chile has important interests in trade and preventing the exploitation of fishing and other marine resources. The Chilean economy is heavily dependent on exports that reach the world markets through maritime transport. This is reflected by the fact that Chile is the third heaviest user of the Panama Canal. Ninety percent of its foreign trade is carried out by sea, accounting for almost fifty-five percent of its gross domestic product. The sea is vital for Chile’s economy, and the Navy exists to protect the country and serve its interests. Each year, on 21 st May, all the cities and towns throughout Chile celebrate the heroic deeds of Commander Arturo Prat and his men. On that day in 1879, Commander Arturo Prat was commanding the Esmeralda, a small wooden corvette built twenty-five years earlier in a Thames dockyard. With a sister vessel of lighter construction, the gunboat Covadonga, the Esmeralda had been left to blockade Iquique Harbour while the main fleet had been dispatched to other missions. They were confronted by two Peruvian warships, the Huáscar and the Independencia. Before battle had ensued, Commander Prat had made a rousing speech to his crew where he showed leadership to motivate them to engage in combat.