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The Effects of the Walking Workstation on Work Productivity and Selected Physiological Measurements Tracey Lytle James Madison University

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The Effects of the Walking Workstation on Work Productivity and Selected Physiological Measurements Tracey Lytle James Madison University James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 5-6-2011 The effects of the walking workstation on work productivity and selected physiological measurements Tracey Lytle James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Lytle, Tracey, "The effects of the walking workstation on work productivity and selected physiological measurements" (2011). Masters Theses. 264. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/264 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Effects of the Walking Workstation on Work Productivity and Selected Physiological Measurements Tracey Lytle A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science Health Sciences May 2011 Dedication This work is dedicated to my parents, Al and Diane Lytle, and grandmother, Betty Lytle, without their constant support and encouragement it would not have been possible. I would also like to dedicate this paper to my roommate, Maggie Stark, for having to keep me sane during this experience. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. David Wenos and Dr. Melissa Rittenhouse for serving on my thesis committee. Their suggestions, input, and time they took to help edit my document were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kent Todd and Dr. Hasan Hamdan for serving on my thesis committee. Their comments and assistance were greatly appreciated. I would like to thank Dr. Jeremy Akers for all of his help and direction while helping me with the concept of my study. iii Table of Contents Dedication ...................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... iv List of Tables...................................................................................................................v Table of Figures............................................................................................................. vi Abstract ........................................................................................................................ vii Chapter I- Introduction ....................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem ...........................................................................................2 Null Hypothesis .........................................................................................................3 Assumptions ..............................................................................................................3 Limitations ................................................................................................................4 Delimitations .............................................................................................................4 Importance of Study...................................................................................................4 Definition of Terms ...................................................................................................5 Chapter II- Literature Review ..........................................................................................6 Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) ...........................................................6 The Walking Workstation ..........................................................................................8 Effects of Walking ................................................................................................... 11 Physical Activity in Women .................................................................................... 13 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 16 Chapter III- Methodology .............................................................................................. 17 Subject Selection ..................................................................................................... 17 Instrumentation ........................................................................................................ 17 Experimental Design ................................................................................................ 20 Statistical Analysis................................................................................................... 21 Chapter IV- Results ....................................................................................................... 22 Participants .............................................................................................................. 22 Physiological Variables............................................................................................ 23 24-Hour Diet Recall Data......................................................................................... 29 Work Productivity Variables .................................................................................... 30 Subjective Data ........................................................................................................ 39 Chapter V- Discussion ................................................................................................... 42 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 50 Recommendations.................................................................................................... 50 Appendices .................................................................................................................... 52 Appendix I- 24 Hour Diet Recall ............................................................................. 52 Appendix II- Questionnaire ...................................................................................... 53 References ..................................................................................................................... 54 iv List of Tables Table 1: Demographic and Orientation Data: Means (+SD) Table 2: Walking Data: Means (+SD) Table 3: Blood Pressure Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 4: Heart Rate Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 5: Weight Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 6: BMI Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 7: Percent Body Fat Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 8: Hemoglobin A1C Difference Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 9: Average Difference in Total Calories Consumed Pre and Post Walking Workstation Table 10: Total Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) Table 11: Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) Factored by Typing Position (Standing and Walking) on the Walking Workstation Table 12: Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) Factored by Test Session (Pre, Mid, Post) on the Walking Workstation Table 13: ANOVA- Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) on Position and Test Session Table 14: Total Mouse Clicking Speed (Seconds) Table 15: Total Mouse Clicking Speed (Seconds) Factored by Typing Position (Standing and Walking) on the Walking Workstation Table 16: Total Mouse Clicking Speed (Seconds) Factored by Test Session (Pre, Mid, Post) on the Walking Workstation Table 17: ANOVA- Total Mouse Clicking Speed (Seconds) on Position and Test Session Table 18: MANOVA: The Effect of Body Position and Test Session on Combined Mouse Clicking (Seconds) and Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) Table 19: Mean, 95% Confidence Interval, and Standard Deviation of the Questionnaire Responses v Table of Figures Figure 1: Average SBP Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 2: Average DBP Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 3: Average Heart Rate Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 4: Average Weight Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 5: Average BMI Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 6: Average Percent Body Fat Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 7: Average Hemoglobin A1C Pre and Post Testing with 95% CI Bars Figure 8: Distribution of Corrected Typing Percent Data Factored by Typing Position (Standing or Walking) Figure 9: Distribution of Corrected Typing Percent Data Factored by Typing Test Session (Pre, Mid, and Post) Figure 10: Interaction of Body Position on Typing Speed (Percent Corrected) during Pre, Mid, and Post Walking Workstation Figure 11: Distribution of Mouse Clicking Speed Factored by Typing Position (Standing or Walking) Figure 12: Distribution of Mouse Clicking Speed Factored by Test Session (Pre, Mid, and Post) Figure 13: Interaction of Body Position on Mouse Clicking Speed during Pre, Mid, and Post Walking Workstation vi Abstract Purpose: To observe the effects of the walking workstation on work productivity (mouse clicking and typing test) and selected physiological variables (weight, resting blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate (HR), body mass index (BMI) body composition, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c)). Methods: Eight sedentary
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