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Developing and Using the Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems

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Developing and Using the Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems Developing and Using the Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems Final Report August 2005 Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA-HOP-07-001 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation August 2005 Management Systems 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Dr. Brian Smith, Smart Travel Laboratory – University of Virginia 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Virginia Department of Civil Engineering Thornton Hall; B-227 11. Contract or Grant No. 351 McCormick Road DTFH61-01-C-00180 P.O. Box 400742 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4742 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Operations Office of Transportation Management Final Report Federal Highway Administration December 2003 – August 2005 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Emiliano Lopez, FHWA National Resource Center – Baltimore, Contracting Officers’ Task Order Manager (COTM) 16. Abstract Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems is intended to serve both as a comprehensive introduction to the Concept of Operations and a reference document for professionals involved in developing and using a Concept of Operations for Transportation Management Systems. 17. Key Word 18. Distribution Statement concept of operations, traffic management system, No restrictions transportation management system, intelligent transportation system 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 178 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized This page intentionally left blank. Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 – The Role of the Concept of Operations in Systems Engineering.........................................................27 CHAPTER 3 – What is a Concept of Operations? ......................................................................................................42 CHAPTER 4 – How to Develop a Concept of Operations............................................................................................77 CHAPTER 6 – The Next Step: Using the Concept of Operations to Drive Requirements ........................................145 Appendix A – List of References................................................................................................................................160 Appendix B – List of Transportation Management Systems Evaluated .....................................................................172 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The Systems Engineering “Vee” ..................................................................................................................6 Figure 1.2: The Core Elements of a Concept of Operations .........................................................................................8 Figure 1.3: Relationship of Operations to Planning.....................................................................................................12 Figure 1.4: Organizations Related to a TMS...............................................................................................................13 Figure 1.5: Functions Provided by Typical TMS –.......................................................................................................13 Figure 1.6: TMS Goals – A graphic from the “Regional Concept of Transportation Operations” document.................15 Figure 2.1: The Systems Engineering “Vee” ................................................................................................................30 Figure 2.2 – Systems Engineering “Vee” and the Systems Engineering Life-cycle – ..................................................33 Figure 3.1 – Flow diagram of major questions the Concept of Operations will answer................................................43 Figure 3.2 – The Core Elements of a Concept of Operations ......................................................................................45 Figure 3.3 – The Oregon TOCS System Overview Diagram, ......................................................................................63 Figure 3.4 – Elements of the Concept of Operations divided into three documents for Maryland’s CHART program .75 Figure 4.1 – Core Stakeholder Groups of a Concept of Operations ............................................................................79 Figure 4.2 – A graphic from the “Regional Concept of Transportation Operations” document ....................................95 Figure 4.3 – iFlorida’s System Data Flow diagram, iFlorida Draft Concept of Operations ...........................................98 Figure 4.4 – The Oregon TOCS System Overview Diagram .......................................................................................99 Figure 4.5 – Highlights of the Different Attributes of Internal and External Stakeholders...........................................109 Figure 4.6 – From CalTrans' 1997 TMC Master Plan, Appendix B: Calculation of Annual Savings..........................116 Figure 4.7 – Performance Measures..........................................................................................................................117 Figure 4.8 – Quick-look at the Concept of Operations Development Process ...........................................................121 Figure 5.1 – Links from Concept of Operations development to Planning .................................................................125 Figure 6.1 – The Systems Engineering “Vee” ............................................................................................................147 Figure 6.2 – Requirements Development Flow Diagram ...........................................................................................149 iii Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems Figure 6.3 – Concept of Operations and Requirements Relationship ........................................................................152 Figure 6.4 – Concept of Operations and Requirements Relationship ........................................................................152 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 – Operational Description Guidance ............................................................................................................87 Table 4.2 – System Overview Guidance......................................................................................................................96 iv Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems This page intentionally left blank. v Developing and Using a Concept of Operations in Transportation Management Systems CHAPTER 1 – Introduction Chapter Purpose This chapter provides an introduction, overview, and summary of the document. It introduces key concepts on how to develop and use a Concept of Operations in transportation management systems (TMSs). Finally, the chapter provides the reader with information about how to best use the guidance document. Chapter Objectives The key objectives of this chapter are: • To introduce the reader to the Concept of Operations and its role in a TMS. • To provide a brief background on key topics that serve as a foundation for the guidance document. • To define the challenges and state-of-the-practice in Concept of Operations development and use in TMSs. • To provide information on how to use the guidance document. Chapter Sections Each section of this chapter is briefly described below. 1.1 Why Use This Document? This section provides an introduction to the information contained in the document, and describes the benefits that a Concept of Operations provides to a TMS. 1.2 Systems Engineering and Transportation Management Systems This section highlights the need for, and benefits of, using the systems engineering process to develop and operate a TMS. The systems engineering life cycle will be introduced and the important role of the Concept of Operations within the life cycle will be discussed. 1.3 What is a Concept of Operations and Why is it Important? Before developing and using a Concept of Operations, one must have a clear understanding of the purpose behind generating such a document, as well as how it should be structured. This section briefly provides an overview of the main goals and objectives for a Concept of Operations, and it highlights the core elements necessary to include in the document. This section also highlights the motivating principles behind the generation and use of a Concept of Operations. Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Developing and Using a
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