M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain (M.P.) Professor D.C
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Vol.23June2018No.1 Chief Editor NaliniRewadikar Editor YatindraSinghSisodia AssociateEditors ManuGautam TapasKumarDalapati M.P.InstituteofSocialScienceResearch,Ujjain MadhyaPradeshJournalofSocialSciences ChiefEditor ProfessorNaliniRewadikar Editor ProfessorYatindraSinghSisodia AssociateEditors Dr.ManuGautam Dr.TapasKumarDalapati AdvisoryBoard Professor Yogesh Atal (Anthropology), Former Principal Director (UNESCO), Gurgaon (Haryana) Professor L.S. Rathore (Political Science), Former Vice Chancellor, J.N. Vyas University, Jodhpur (Raj.) Professor I.S. Chauhan (Sociology), Former High Commissioner of India in Fiji, Bhopal (M.P.) Professor U.S. Chaudhary (Education), Former Vice Chancellor, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (M.P.) Professor Sandeep Shastri (Political Science), Pro Vice Chancellor, Jain University, Bengaluru (Karnataka) Professor M. Indira (Economics), University of Mysore, Mysore (Karnataka) Professor G. Palanithurai (Political Science), Gandhi Gram Rural Institute, Dindigul (Tamil Nadu) Professor Ganesh Kawadia (Economics), School of Economics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.) Professor D.K. Verma (Sociology), Dr. Baba Sahab National Institute of Social Sciences, MHOW (M.P.) Professor S.N. Chaudhary (Sociology), Barkatullah University, Bhopal (M.P.) Professor Sanjay Kumar (Political Science), Centre for the Studies of Developing Societies, Delhi Professor Ashutosh Kumar (Political Science), Punjab University, Chandigarh Professor Y.G. Joshi (Geography), M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain (M.P.) Professor D.C. Sah (Economics), M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain (M.P.) Professor Sandeep Joshi (Commerce), M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain (M.P.) ISSN: 0973-855X MADHYA PRADESH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 23 June 2018 No. 1 Chief Editor Nalini Rewadikar Editor Yatindra Singh Sisodia Associate Editors Manu Gautam Tapas Kumar Dalapati M.P. Institute of Social Science Research Autonomous Institute of ICSSR, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi and Ministry of Higher Education, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal 6, Ramsakha Gautam Marg, Bharatpuri Administrative Zone Ujjain - 456010 (Madhya Pradesh) Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences is a peer-refereed journal published biannually by M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain. It is devoted to research on social, cultural, economic, political, administrative and contemporary issues, problems and processes at the state, national and international levels. No conditions are imposed to limit the subject matter of the articles in any manner. The journal welcomes research papers, review articles, research notes, comments and book reviews on topics which broadly come under the purview of social sciences. Manuscripts, subscriptions and other correspondence should be addressed to: The Editor Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences M.P. Institute of Social Science Research 6, Ramsakha Gautam Marg, Bharatpuri Administrative Zone UJJAIN - 456 010 Madhya Pradesh (India) Phones: (0734) 2510978, Fax: (0734) 2512450 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.mpissr.org Subscription Rates Annual Institutes Rs. 500.00 Individuals Rs. 400.00 Per Copy Institutes Rs. 250.00 Individuals Rs. 200.00 The subscription of the journal may be sent through Demand Draft drawn in favour of the Director, MPISSR, Ujjain. The MPISSR will appreciate receiving journals/periodicals/ research publications from other Institutes/Organisations in exchange of the Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences. The views expressed in all the contributions which appear in the journal are those of the individual authors and are not to be taken representing the views of the Editor or of the MPISSR. We gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance received from the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi for the Publication of this Journal. ISSN: 0973-855X Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences A Biannual Journal of M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain Vol. 23 June 2018 No. 1 CONTENTS Elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh: A Postscript 1 Yogesh Atal Performance Contracting: Enhancing Employee Performance 14 in Goa Shipyard Ltd. Kavitha S.J. and Sandeep Shastri Remembering Teachers: Finding Key Elements to Understand 33 the Idea of a 'Good Teacher' Huma Ansari Population Projections and Minorities: 46 A Case Study of Bangladesh Anish Gupta It is Time to Shift: 2011 Panchayat Elections 56 of Jammu and Kashmir Arif Ahmad Nengroo Digital Happiness: A Panorama 71 Rajeev Saxena and Preeti Tiwari Engaging and Promoting Young Women's Entrepreneurship: 79 A Challenge to Social Work Praveen Varghese Thomas and Sonny Jose PESA Act and Its Implications for Development in Tribal Areas 89 of Odisha: A Study of Two Tribal Districts Bishnu Prasad Mohapatra India in the SCO: Opportunities and Challenges 111 Shambhu Lal Salvi Protection of Human Rights in Jammu and Kashmir: 118 An Evaluation Roohullah Sadiq and Roshni Pandey Book Review Growth and Development in India: Regional Dimensions 125 (Rajarshi Majumder, Atanu Sengupta and Jaya Prakash Pradhan (Eds.)) Vinod Sen Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences (A Biannual Journal of M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain) ISSN: 0973-855X (Vol. 23, No. 1, June 2018, pp. 1-13) Elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh: A Postscript Yogesh Atal *† The paper analyses recently held assembly elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh and found that caste's influence is dwindling to the development aspiration of the people. The paper critically unfolded the role of social science in understanding political processes in India and the role of political scientists in predicting election results. The paper posits that social science should focus on empirics of political processes rather than prediction of election results through surveys, which is scientifically difficult to rely upon. Recently concluded poll exercise in Himachal Pradesh and in Gujarat engaged people of all shades. The outcome of the election process was regarded as provider of hints for the future of Indian polity. It was generally believed that the good days of the Congress party that ruled the country since independence – first as a single dominant party and then as leading coalition partner -- are gone for good. Rather than the other coalitional outfit with the BJP at the helm, the stage was set for BJP dominated rule for some time to come. However, those opposed to the * Professor Emeritus, M.P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain (M.P.) E-mail: [email protected] † This paper was send by Professor Atal for publication on 24th February 2018 and he left for heavely abode on 13th April 2018. Elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh: A Postscript present regime – that is, the ousted opposition leaders – accumulated stories of failure of the present regime in its three years of rule and became hopeful that these assembly elections will reopen their doors for a re-entry and ouster of the BJP. Following thumping victory in 2014 elections at the national level – winning 51.93 per cent seats via 31 per cent of total votes, BJP became, for the first time, any other Party than the Congress to have a clear-cut one-party majority. Compared to this, the Congress Party earned only 19.3 per cent of voter support to return to the Lok Sabha only on 8.10 per cent seats – a humiliating percentage that was lower than the qualifying percentage to earn the leadership of the opposition, in the real sense of the term. With continuing expansion of the sphere of influence of the Bharatiya Janata Party in subsequent elections held in various state assemblies, there was a clear signal of the changing character of Indian polity. It is in this context that people regarded BJP victory in the states of Himachal Pradesh and in Gujarat as a foregone conclusion. The hardline followers of the Congress Party, and their media colleagues, however, predicted a downfall for the Congress once again, the growing popularity of the BJP notwithstanding. That despite some vote gain by the opposition, and noisy criticism of the new policy initiatives, BJP wave swept voter support is understandable. An analyst does not have to be a BJPwala to make such a prediction. And yet, allegations were raised and neutral analysts were dubbed as changers – swimming with the waves. II Let us make a brief sojourn in India's independent past. With the attainment of freedom from the British Raj India became a democratic polity of a distinct sort where the leaders of the freedom movement joined a combined political force under the banner of the Congress. Disregarding Mahatma Gandhi's sane advice to distinguish between a 'movement' and 'a political party', the workers of the movement went ahead to taste power. This decision ushered in an era of One-Party dominance, as if to express gratitude to the Movement leaders for all they did to earn Swaraj. It is interesting to note that the kith and kin of Mahatma Gandhi were not party to the bounty. It all went to Nehru and his kids; the word Gandhi, in this regard, refers to Indira – Nehru's daughter – who changed her surname to reflect her marital status. Of course, Gandhi preferred for himself an apolitical role after the attainment of freedom. There is a story that Lord Mountbatten asked the names of the inheritors soon after independence to 2 Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences 23:1 (2018) Atal save chaos. It was the Jinnah who staked his name as the first ruler of Pakistan whereas