Калининграде Комфортно В Любое Historic City Possesses a Unique Charm Due Время Года
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Tourist Route “Koenigsgrad Or Kalininberg”
33. King’s Gate Previously called Gumbinnen Gate, as the road through the gate went to Gumbinnen (now Gusev), in 1811 the gate was renamed into King’s gate, after the street where it was situated (ger. Konigstrasse). The gate is decorated with 3 sculptures: Ottokar II, the king of Bohemia, who conquered Sambia Peninsula in 1255; Friedrich I, the first Prussian King, crowned in 1701 and Albrecht von Brandenburg, who became the first Prussian Herzog in 1525. During the war, they were badly damaged and sculptures were “decapitated”. They were completely renovated for the city’s anniversary. Today, a branch of the Museum of the World Ocean, where you can see an exposition dedicated to Peter’s the Great visit to Koenigsberg during his Grand Embassy, is situated there. Walking along Litovskiy Val St., we reach a complex of fortifications. Daily: 11.00-19.00. Closed: Monday, Tuesday 112 Frunze St., tel.: 58-12-72 34. Grolman Bastion (1851) Grolman Bastion is a component of a defense complex. It was called after General Karl Wilhelm von Grolman, who reformed the Prussian Regional Tourism Information Centre army and proved himself in battle against Napoleon. Earth mounds to the left and right of the bastion have hidden passages and rooms. 4 Prospekt Mira St., tel.: 555-200 21 Litovskiy Val St. www.visit-kaliningrad.ru 35. Oberteich Bastion (1856-1860) During the assault on Koenigsberg, Oberteich bastion served as a stronghold and capitulated only on 9 April 1945. Now bastion serves as a warehouse, store and a café. 5 Litovskiy Val St. -
Culture and Exchange: the Jews of Königsberg, 1700-1820
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2010 Culture and Exchange: The ewJ s of Königsberg, 1700-1820 Jill Storm Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Storm, Jill, "Culture and Exchange: The eJ ws of Königsberg, 1700-1820" (2010). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 335. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/335 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of History Dissertation Examination Committee: Hillel Kieval, Chair Matthew Erlin Martin Jacobs Christine Johnson Corinna Treitel CULTURE AND EXCHANGE: THE JEWS OF KÖNIGSBERG, 1700-1820 by Jill Anita Storm A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2010 Saint Louis, Missouri Contents Acknowledgments ii Introduction 1 Part One: Politics and Economics 1 The Founding of the Community 18 2 “A Watchful Eye”: Synagogue Surveillance 45 3 “Corner Synagogues” and State Control 81 4 Jewish Commercial Life 115 5 Cross-Cultural Exchange 145 Part Two: Culture 6 “A Learned Siberia”: Königsberg’s Place in Historiography 186 7 Ha-Measef and the Königsberg Haskalah 209 8 Maskil vs. Rabbi: Jewish Education and Communal Conflict 232 9 The Edict of 1812 272 Conclusion 293 Bibliography 302 Acknowledgments Many people and organizations have supported me during this dissertation. -
Seuberlich, Erich Stammtafeln Deutsch Baltischer Geschlechter Bd.: 3. Reihe Leipzig 1931 Hbost/Ts 10 E 4 Urn:Nbn:De:Bvb:12 Bsb00
6HXEHUOLFK(ULFK 6WDPPWDIHOQGHXWVFKEDOWLVFKHU*HVFKOHFKWHU %G5HLKH /HLS]LJ +ERVW7VH XUQQEQGHEYEEVE 'LH3')'DWHLNDQQHOHNWURQLVFKGXUFKVXFKWZHUGHQ mkmmmMMMm IMM mMMMMmmMMmm^^ Deutsche Stammtafeln in Listenform herausgegeben von der Zentralstelle für Deutsche Personen- und Familiengeschichte E. V. >•••••••••••••••«••••••«•••••••«•••»•••««•••••••••••••••••••• Band IV •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••«•••••••••••••••• Stammtafeln Deutsch-baltischer Geschlechter Band II bearbeitet von Erich Seuberlich Leiter der Auskunftstolle für Baltische Familien- und Personenkunde bei der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Ri^a 3. Reihe ! GtQQtzbib,ietfc f en 1931 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Verlag Zentralstelle für Deutsche Personen- und Familiengeschichte F. V. in Leipzig Auslieferungsstelle für Lettland, Estland, Finnland, Polen und Russland: Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertuniskiinde, Riga, Doniinuseum, Gr. Neustr. 22 mmmmmmmm^ ßuchdmckerei G. Ige, foga, Gertrudstrasse Ni> 80, Tel. 34212. •% Zum Geleit ach längerer Pause als beabsichtigt, darf ich den ersten Teil des IL Bandes der „Stammtafeln N Deutsch-baltischer Geschlechter", als 3. Reihe der Oeffentlichkeit übergeben. Die Beschaf fung der Druckkosten machte erhebliche Schwierigkeiten. Wenn auch ein Teil der in den Stamm tafeln aufgenommenen Familien sich an den Kosten beteiligten, so war dieses doch nicht in allen Fällen in ausreichendem Masse möglich. -
Tourist Route «Fortifications of Koenigsberg»
Brandenburg Gate (1860) Brandenburg Gate got its name from the road leading to Brandenburg (nowadays settlement Ushakovo). It was built in 1657. After a hundred years the wooden gate was replaced by a massive brick construction, and in 1860 the gates were reconstructed again. The walls are decorated with portraits of Marshal Boyen and Lieutenant-General von Aster. Brandenburg Gate is the only gate in Kaliningrad which is still can be passed through. Along Portovaya Street (500 m) we go to Friedrichsburg Gate. 137 Bagrationa St. Friedrichsburg Gate (1848) In 1657 Friedrichsburg Citadel was erected. In 1848 a new brick gate was built. An interesting fact: the keys to the Friedrichsburg gate are kept in the museum of Kazan Cathedral in St.-Petersburg as evidence that East Prussia was a Regional Tourism part of the Russian Empire. Information Center Now the gate is the branch of the World Ocean museum with the historical and cultural centre “The ship revival” inside. 4 Prospekt Mira St., tel.: 555-200 39 Portovayaya St., tel.: +7 (4012) 63-27-42 10.00-18.00. Closed: Monday and Tuesday www.visit-kaliningrad.ru Astronomical Bastion (1855-1860) The Bastion was named after a nearby observatory, where astronomer Friedrich Bessel worked. During the fights in April Tourist route 1945 the Bastion served as one of the last defensive positions of German army. There was municipal government Gestapo in it. It’s planned to open a restaurant in the Bastion in the near «Fortifications of Koenigsberg» future. Crossing of Gvardeiskiy Prospect St. and Gornaya St. Closed for visiting Fort № 1 - Stein (Stein am Lauther Muhlenteich) (1872-1892) Originally called Fort Louth, in 1894 it was renamed after Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl von Stein. -
Baltics Russia Baltma Obl 2014 EN DE.Q7 10/23/14 6:44 PM Page 2 Baltma 2014 Kat EN DE.Q7 10/19/14 1:11 PM Page 1
Baltma_Obl_2014_EN_DE.q7 10/19/14 1:36 PM Page 1 Kaliningrad Baltics Russia Baltma_Obl_2014_EN_DE.q7 10/23/14 6:44 PM Page 2 Baltma_2014_kat_EN_DE.q7 10/19/14 1:11 PM Page 1 Welcome to THE WORLD OF Baltma Tours Baltma_2014_kat_EN_DE.q7 10/21/14 4:32 PM Page 2 CONTENTS St.Petersburg 3 Foreword Helsinki 4 KALININGRAD-KÖNIGSBERG 8 Hotels in Kaliningrad 10 Restaurants in Kaliningrad Moscow 13 Kaliningrad Region Tallinn Hiiumaa 14 Hotels in Kaliningrad Region 18 Restaurants in Kaliningrad Region 22 Excursions in Kaliningrad Region 24 Incentive Programmes Baltic Sea Saaremaa 28 Events in Kaliningrad Region 29 Services for cruise passengers 30 MOSCOW 33 ST. PETERSBURG Riga 36 POLAND 38 LITHUANIA 40 LATVIA 42 ESTONIA Klaipeda 44 PACKAGE TOURS Nida Kaunas Vilnius Kaliningrad Gdansk Minsk Elblag Olsztyn Baltma_2014_kat_EN_DE.q7 10/21/14 5:26 PM Page 3 I Baltma Tours team t is a great honour to have been asked by Baltma Tours to write this introduction to their brochure. Baltma and Kalinin - grad have become a part of my life since my first visit in 1992 and I return every year. Baltma simply is Kaliningrad for most visitors from abroad as they look after you from your arrival to your departure. Your clients may be nervous and uncertain when they arrive, but they will leave satisfied and stimulated. What makes me feel so confident in their hands is the continuity of their staff. Whenever I arrive at the airport or at one of the land borders, I feel I am returning home since the same kind people are there to greet me and the feeling is repeated when I enter the office. -
Königsberg (柯尼斯堡"King's Mountain")
Königsberg (柯尼斯堡 "King's mountain") Königsberg (Latinised name of the city is Regimontium Prussorum) was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945. It was founded by the Teutonic Knights just south of the Sambian peninsula in 1255 during the Northern Crusades and named in honour of King (German:König) Ottokar II of Bohemia. The city successively became the capital of their monastic state, the Duchy of Prussia, and East Prussia. The Baltic port developed into a German cultural center, being the residence of, among others, Richard Wagner, Immanuel Kant, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and David Hilbert. Königsberg was heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1944 during World War II and was subsequently conquered by the Red Army after the Battle of Königsberg in 1945. The city was annexed by the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Agreement and largely repopulated with Russians. Briefly Russified as Кёнигсберг (Kyonigsberg), it was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after Soviet leader Mikhail Kalinin. The city is now the capital of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast. Teutonic Order 條頓騎士團 During the conquest of the Prussian Sambians by the Teutonic Knights in 1255, an Old Prussian fort Twangste was destroyed and replaced with a new fortress known as Königsberg. The Teutonic Order used it to fortify their conquests in Samland and as a base for campaigns against pagan Lithuania. Under siege during the Prussian uprisings in 1262–63, Königsberg was relieved by the Master of the Livonian Order. Altstadt was destroyed by the Prussians during the rebellion and rebuilt in the valley below the castle hill.