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Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Viet Nam

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Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Viet Nam AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS IN VIET NAM REVIEW OF THE AVAILABILITY, USE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND SECURITY “Support for developing effective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A Pilot in Viet Nam” VNM/J93 2012 Viet Nam Country Office AMPHETAMINE TYPE STIMULANTS IN VIET NAM A REVIEW OF THE AVAILABILITY, USE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND SECURITY IN VIET NAM “Support for developing effective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A Pilot in Viet Nam” VNM/J93 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Viet Nam Country Office - 2012 - TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 6 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 8 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 10 A. Overview of ATS and the Current Framework of Response ....................................................... 10 B. Awareness of ATS among School and University Students .......................................................... 28 C. ATS awareness and use and potential health implications among selected risk groups ................ 35 D. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 47 ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................. 56 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research presented in this report was funded Drugs and Crimes, Counter-narcotic Department by Japan, Sweden, One UN Fund under the project of the Ministry of Public Security and Inspectorate “Support for developing effective ATS prevention Board of the Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism strategies and measures in East Asia: A pilot in for their efforts to conduct KI interviews. UNODC Viet Nam – VNM/J93”. UNODC would like to is grateful to Counter-narcotic Police Department thank the Standing Office on Drugs and Crimes and Institute of Forensic Science for providing – Ministry of Public Security for their assistance valuable forensic, arrest and seizure data on ATS and throughout the survey. We would also like to thank photographs for use in our ATS identification sheet. Dr. Nicholas Thomson, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health who played the key role in developing Particular appreciation to Ha Noi Medical University the research design and facilitating during the for their outstanding works in conducting quantitative research process as well as writing the report. and qualitative surveys among high-risk groups, data input and analysis and their assistant for Ethical The research was undertaken by the United Oversight, as well as Centre for Consulting on Legal Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) and Policy on Health and HIV/AIDS for their in collaboration with the Standing Office on Drugs excellent performance in implementing the school and Crimes, Counter-Narcotic Police Department, and university survey and data input. Institute of Forensic Science under the Ministry of Public Security, Ha Noi Medical University, and Centre UNODC would like to recognize the support of for Consulting on Legal and Policy on Health and local authorities of Ha Noi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh HIV/AIDS under Viet Nam Lawyers’ Association. City, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh who facilitated Undertaking the research entailed a dedicated team this research by providing information and their of UNODC, including Mr. Nguyen Duc Long who staffs’ participation during the research. In addition, managed the development and involved in the day- UNODC thanks individuals from law enforcement, to-day running of the research, supervised interviews health agencies and entertainment sectors who with participants from high-risk groups, Key provided their time and interest in the study by being Informants (KI) including health staffs, police and interviewed as key informants. bar/night club owners/managers and school survey, monitored data entry and assisted data analysis. Finally, UNODC is indebted to those who were willing to participate in the survey, particularly those UNODC would like to acknowledge the contribution that shared their knowledge and experience relating of co-investigators from the Standing Office on to ATS use. “Support for developing eective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A Pilot in Viet Nam”VNM/J93 1 PREFACE In recent years, the production, trafficking and use of Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) has become a major human security concern in South East Asia. Unfortunately, Viet Nam – with its young, dynamic and increasingly affluent population – has not escaped this trend. While arrest and seizure patterns for the so-called “traditional” drugs like heroin, opium and cannabis remain significant, ATS-related trends are – like elsewhere in the region – becoming increasingly important. The use of these substances is leading to a number of harmful consequences not only to users but also to communities, and is eroding social fabric. In order to have a better understanding of the problem and build an effective response to the ATS problem, the Government of Viet Nam and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime have undertaken this situation assessment of ATS availability and use in Viet Nam as: 1) ATS related arrest and analysis data in the whole country for the period of 2005-2010; 2) high-risk groups survey in Ha Noi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City; and 3) school and university surveys in Ha Noi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh City, Quang Ninh and Hai Phong. A number of recommendations have emerged as a result. We hope that this report will also provide useful baseline information and data for the Government of Viet Nam to underpin the development and implementation of the National Strategy on Drug Control. Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the donors of Japan, Sweden and One UN, who supported the project “Supporting for developing effective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A pilot in Viet Nam – VNM/J93”, without your support, this report would not be possible. Zhuldyz Akisheva Country Manager UNODC Country Office of Viet Nam 2 “Support for developing eective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A Pilot in Viet Nam”VNM/J93 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ATS Amphetamine Type Stimulants FSW Female Sex Workers GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region GOV Government of Viet Nam HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMU Hanoi Medical University MSM Men Who Have Sex With Men MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs SODC Standing Office on Drugs and Crime STI Sexually Transmitted Infection UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VND Vietnamese Dong PWUD People Who Use Drugs “Support for developing eective ATS prevention strategies and measures for East Asia: A Pilot in Viet Nam”VNM/J93 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This assessment was designed to explore the In many countries in South East Asia the default situation of Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) in response to ATS has been law enforcement Viet Nam. The principle rationale behind conducting crackdowns resulting in large numbers of ATS users this assessment is the fact that ATS use is highly being incarcerated for excessive terms in either prevalent in neighbouring Greater Mekong Sub prisons, compulsory drug treatment centres or both.. region countries and has significantly challenged the This response, however, has neither been effective or law enforcement and public health community in evidenced based, a reality highlighted by increasing a number of ways. To date, ATS use in Viet Nam ATS production, trafficking and use, overcrowded has not followed the escalating regional trend and prisons and high rates of relapse post detention the Government of Viet Nam has rightly sought in compulsory drug treatment centres. This report to ascertain what exactly is the situation of ATS presents the findings from each of the three sections availability and use and to then prepare and base its and then makes series of recommendations in relation response on the reality and available evidence. to the design and implementation of an overall National Strategy for ATS in Viet Nam including the In consultation with the Government of Viet Nam, design and implementation of component activities we designed an assessment methodology that would and strategies that can be piloted and contextualised give the Government of Viet Nam the best possible to the Vietnamese context. estimate of the extent of availability, patterns of use and the potential implications for individual and Given the findings from this assessment, this report public health in Viet Nam. This report is divided makes recommendations that are balanced between in to three sections; Section A (part 1) presents an law enforcement
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