Smoking and Reproduction
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The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking As a Shared and Social Practice
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-20-2013 The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice Katie Ann Wynia Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wynia, Katie Ann, "The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1085. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1085 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice by Katie Ann Wynia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Thesis Committee: Kenneth M. Ames, Chair Douglas C. Wilson Shelby Anderson Portland State University 2013 Abstract This thesis represents one of the first systematic, detailed spatial analyses of artifacts at the mid-19th century Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver Village site, and of clay tobacco pipe fragments in general. -
Supplements for Smoking-Related Lung Diseases
Entry Supplements for Smoking-Related Lung Diseases Naser A. Alsharairi Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia; [email protected] Definition: Supplements for smoking-related lung diseases are considered as nonfood products and thought to improve health. Multivitamins and antioxidants are the most commonly dietary supplements used by cancer and asthma patients. There are currently no clear regulatory guidelines that include dietary supplements and their effect on lung cancer and asthma patients, particularly in smokers. Several countries have taken steps to overcome challenges in regulating dietary sup- plements in the marketplace. These challenges include inadequate assurance of safety/efficacy, inaccuracy of product labeling, misleading health claims, and lack of analytical techniques for dietary supplements. There is a need to establish standards and regulation of dietary supplement use in patients with lung cancer and asthma. The aim of this entry is to expand knowledge on dietary supplements use and smoking-related lung diseases (lung cancer and asthma). Keywords: asthma; lung cancer; supplements; smokers; nonsmokers 1. Introduction Smoking is known as one of the main causes of lung cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality in men and women worldwide [1]. It has been estimated that around 7 million global deaths per year were caused by smoking [2–4]. Cigarette smoke is comprised of thousands of chemical compounds, most of which are toxins [5]. Lung cancer Citation: Alsharairi, N.A. is classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), Supplements for Smoking-Related with the latter accounting for 85% of lung cancer cases, which is divided into three common Lung Diseases. -
Do Clinicians Ask Pregnant Women About Exposures to Tobacco and Cannabis Smoking, Second-Hand-Smoke and E-Cigarettes? an Australian National Cross-Sectional Survey
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Do Clinicians Ask Pregnant Women about Exposures to Tobacco and Cannabis Smoking, Second-Hand-Smoke and E-Cigarettes? An Australian National Cross-Sectional Survey Gillian S. Gould 1,*, Yael Bar Zeev 1 ID , Laura Tywman 1, Christopher Oldmeadow 2, Simon Chiu 2, Marilyn Clarke 3 and Billie Bonevski 1 1 School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; [email protected] (Y.B.Z.); [email protected] (L.T.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; [email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (S.C.) 3 Clarence Specialist Clinic, Grafton, NSW 2460, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-403-615-563 Received: 26 September 2017; Accepted: 14 December 2017; Published: 16 December 2017 Abstract: Clinicians often ask pregnant women about tobacco smoking, but their practices of asking about other smoking and nicotine exposures are unknown. This study analysed how often clinicians ask pregnant women about their use of e-cigarettes, cannabis, chewing tobacco, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. Two cross-sectional surveys were undertaken. A random sample of 500 General Practitioner (GP) members were invited from the National Faculty of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (NFATSIH) to complete an on-line survey, and 5571 GP and Obstetrician (OBS) members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) were sent a paper survey by mail. -
The Impact of Tobacco Industry Marketing Communications on Tobacco Use
Monograph 21: The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control Section 4 Non-Price Determinants of Demand Chapter 7 The Impact of Tobacco Industry Marketing Communications on Tobacco Use 231 Chapter 7 The Impact of Tobacco Industry Marketing Communications on Tobacco Use The tobacco industry employs a wide array of communications tools to market its products to the public, from mass media advertising, sponsorship, sales promotions, and packaging, to Internet and new media strategies. Researchers have examined the influence of industry communications strategies on tobacco use, particularly among young people, as well as policy interventions to restrict tobacco industry marketing. Topics covered in this chapter include: . Econometric studies of the impact of tobacco marketing on tobacco use . Econometric studies of tobacco marketing bans and related policies . Population-level cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on consumer response to tobacco marketing, particularly among young potential smokers and current smokers . The impact of other tobacco marketing efforts such as sponsorship, loyalty incentives, and tobacco advertising and placement in entertainment media. An extensive body of research shows that tobacco marketing and tobacco use are causally linked, and that comprehensive marketing bans are effective in reducing tobacco use. Findings from this research support the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which, under Article 13, legally binds Parties to the treaty to implement a -
Note to Users
NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 WeIlington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, Loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in rnicroform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fh, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format él ectronique . The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be pniited or othemise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Social Pressures and Resistance to Cigarette Smoking: A Phenomenological Snidy with Young Adolescent Women by Susan Gillarn Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilrnent of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing School of Nursing Memorial University of Newfoundland October 2000 St. John's Newfoundland ABSTRACT Social Pressures and Resistance to Cigarette Smoking: A Phenomenologïcal Study with Young AdoIescent Women While advertising permeates many aspects of our lives, how it is perceived to influence the choices we make around areas that cmhave a marked effect on our health has been relatively unexplored. -
The Effects of Tobacco Use During and After Pregnancy on Exposed Children
The Effects of Tobacco Use During and After Pregnancy on Exposed Children Relevance of Findings for Alcohol Research Marie D. Cornelius, Ph.D., and Nancy L. Day, Ph.D Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy have both been associated with a number of adverse effects on the growth, cognitive development, and behavior of the exposed child. Understanding the effects of prenatal tobacco exposure allows researchers to identify those characteristics that are uniquely related to tobacco and those that are affected by alcohol exposure. This research, along with studies on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy, has implications for preventing various types of substance use during pregnancy and for treating children affected by prenatal substance use. KEY WORDS: tobacco in any form; smoking; pregnancy; adverse drug effect; postnatal AOD (alcohol or other drug) exposure; prenatal AOD exposure; infant; cognitive development; psychobehavioral AODE (effects of AOD use, abuse, and dependence); growth and development omen who smoke during the National Pregnancy and Health this issue examine the use of alcohol pregnancy are also likely to Survey (National Institute on Drug and tobacco together, this article focuses Wdrink alcohol. In one survey, Abuse [NIDA] 1996), 74 percent of on tobacco use during pregnancy and conducted as part of the Maternal Health women who used illicit drugs during the effects of prenatal tobacco expo- Practices and Child Development pregnancy also reported either smoking, sure. Understanding the effects of pre- (MHPCD) project in Pittsburgh, drinking, or both. The use of either natal tobacco exposure allows the iden- Pennsylvania, 76 percent of adult women one of these drugs is, in itself, a risk tification of those characteristics that who reported smoking during their first factor for poorer pregnancy outcome. -
Smoking and Pregnancy
Queensland Health “There’s nothing wrong with having a low birth “If I stop smoking I’ll put on too much weight” weight baby—it just means a quicker and easier During pregnancy you will need more energy and birth” nutrition to cope with the needs of your growing Having a low birthweight baby does not make things baby and to maintain your own health. Eating a easier for you or your baby during birth. A smaller balanced diet is one of the best ways to stay within baby is more likely to become distressed, leading a healthy weight range, especially while pregnant. to a more complicated delivery. Labour with a low Going for a walk, swimming or practicing yoga are birthweight baby is no easier or shorter than labour great ways to deal with cravings and can get you with an average birthweight baby. Low birthweight interested in a new hobby. may also mean that your baby is not fully developed (known as foetal growth retardation). Where can I get “Smoking relaxes me and being relaxed is better for my baby” support to quit? Smoking Smoking may calm you down, but it also speeds • Quitline (13 QUIT). Counsellors are available up your heart rate, increases your blood pressure seven days a week to help you through the and depresses your nervous system. The feeling of and process of quitting. Call Quitline (13 7848) and relaxation experienced by many smokers is due to ask about tailored support available to help the nicotine in tobacco alleviating withdrawals, and pregnant women quit smoking. -
Children and Passive Smoking: a Review
Clinical Review Children and Passive Smoking: A Review Anne C h a rlto n , M E d , P h D Manchester, England Background. For the past 40 years, evidence has been cals from the smoke transferred in the milk. It is diffi accumulating on the effects of passive smoking on the cult to separate prenatal and postnatal effects with re ferns and on children. Over this period, research meth gard to growth, development, and lung function ods have become more precise and accurate, with con retardation. There is, however, a definite increase in re founding factors controlled for and actual exposure to spiratory diseases, otitis media, and minor ailments, smoke measured and validated by cotinine tests on which are unequivocally related to parental, especially body fluids. This review follows the progress of these maternal, smoking. studies and assesses the weight o f evidence for various Conclusions. There is now sufficient evidence that health risks of passive smoking on children from before health problems in children are related to maternal, and birth to adolescence. to a lesser degree paternal, smoking during pregnancy, Methods. Nearly 200 research papers published world and, after birth, to exposure to environmental tobacco wide were reviewed. smoke (ETS) in the home and daycare centers. Expo sure to ETS should be noted on pediatric patients’ Results. Effects of maternal smoking on the fetus in problem lists and addressed at each visit. clude low birthweight, increased risk of spontaneous abortion, and perinatal death. The effect of maternal Key words. Smoking; tobacco smoke pollution; fetal smoking on breast feeding is still enigmatic. -
Smoking and Pregnancy
Issue 3 Winter, 2013 News from PRAMS on prenatal and newborn health issues IN THIS ISSUE: Smoking and Pregnancy Smoking, Pregnancy Many people know that smoking can and Your Health cause lung diseases, cancer, heart attacks, strokes, and other problems such as shortness of breath, stained teeth and skin. The Delaware Quitline is a But did you know what can happen free program that can help while smoking during pregnancy? you become a non-smoker. Their toll free number is: Smoking while pregnant can: Increase the risk of miscarriage; (866) 409-1858 Cause problems with oxygen and smoked during the three months food supply for the baby; before becoming pregnant. That is You can also find information Increase the risk of birth defects; about 1 in 4 women. When looked at on the Web at Increase the risk of Sudden Infant by age, smokers are primarily young www.quitsupport.com Death Syndrome (SIDS); and women. The greatest percentage of Cause preterm or low birth weight smokers are in the 20 - 24 year old age Additional information babies. group, with slightly over 39% having about the Division of Public smoked before pregnancy (see Figure Health tobacco program Benefits of not smoking 1). That is about 4 in 10 women for can be found at http:// When you quit smoking (and don’t that age group. By education level, www.dhss.delaware.gov/ have others smoking in your home) 42% of women with a high school dhss/dph/dpc/ there are benefits for you and your education indicated they smoked. For tobacco.html baby. -
Management of Smoking in Pregnant Women Colin Mendelsohn Gillian S Gould Cheryl Oncken
CLINICAL Management of smoking in pregnant women Colin Mendelsohn Gillian S Gould Cheryl Oncken Background In this article we review the natural history of Smoking is the most important preventable cause of adverse outcomes in smoking during pregnancy and postpartum. The pregnancy. However, most smokers who become pregnant continue to smoke and growing list of health effects on the mother and most of those who quit relapse after delivery. child are outlined. Finally, we suggest updated evidence-based strategies for use by health Objective professionals during pregnancy and lactation. This article explores the relationship between smoking and pregnancy, and reviews the evidence for best practice intervention by general practitioners. Natural history of smoking, Discussion quitting and relapse in Continuing to smoke during pregnancy is strongly associated with socioeconomic pregnancy disadvantage, mental illness and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Pregnant smokers fall into three groups, which Quitting is more difficult for these groups and interventions assist only sixin every 100 pregnant smokers to quit. Behavioural counselling is the first-line treatment. require different approaches: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can be offered if the smoker is unable to quit • Those who quit spontaneously when finding without it, although its efficacy is uncertain. Adequate doses of nicotine and good out they are pregnant. This group should be adherance may be required for the best results. The use of NRT in pregnancy is encouraged to maintain abstinence. likely to be less harmful than continuing to smoke. Women should be encouraged • Those who continue to smoke and require to quit smoking before becoming pregnant. -
Women and Smoking Information for Staff in Social and Community Services
Women and smoking Information for staff in social and community services Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable cause of ill health and death in Australia. It is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, many cancers and a variety of other diseases and conditions.1 Leading health agencies around the world have also documented the adverse effects of exposure to second-hand smoke on the respiratory and circulatory systems in both adults and children, and its role as a carcinogen in adults. Research has found that women may be more susceptible to smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), due to a greater decline in lung function as result of smoking compared to men. Various research studies have suggested that these types of diseases are more severe and occur earlier in women because of the way their bodies react to tobacco smoking.2 Smoking also causes a range of other cancers and diseases in women – including ovarian cancer and bone diseases such as osteoporosis – and it affects women’s reproductive health. Smoking reduces a woman’s ability to become pregnant, and exposes her to complications during pregnancy and delivery. This fact sheet explains some of the effects smoking has on a women’s body, focusing on fertility and childbearing, and how important it is to encourage women to quit smoking and to live in a smoke-free environment for the sake of their health and the health of their babies. The facts about smoking and weight gain Infertility Women who smoke experience a reduced rate of fertility. -
Gender Differences Within the Barriers to Smoking Cessation and The
Open access Original research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042623 on 29 January 2021. Downloaded from Gender differences within the barriers to smoking cessation and the preferences for interventions in primary care a qualitative study using focus groups in The Hague, The Netherlands Lieke Agathe Dieleman, Petra G van Peet, Hedwig M M Vos To cite: Dieleman LA, van ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Peet PG, Vos HMM. Gender Objectives This research aimed to provide a deeper differences within the insight into the gender- specific barriers to smoking ► This study helps to develop a better understanding barriers to smoking cessation cessation and gender- specific preferences for and the preferences for of gender differences in smoking cessation by com- interventions in primary care, in order to contribute to interventions in primary care paring focus groups with women and men. better aligned cessation care for women. a qualitative study using ► This study used the intervention ladder to classify Design Qualitative study using focus groups. focus groups in The Hague, gender- specific preferences for interventions by Setting Regularly smoking female and male adults were The Netherlands. BMJ Open their degree of pressure. 2021;11:e042623. doi:10.1136/ recruited from four different general practices in The ► This study provides more insight into severely ad- bmjopen-2020-042623 Hague (The Netherlands). dicted smokers, and gives recommendations for Participants A total of 11 women and nine men ► Prepublication history and adjusting treatment in clinical setting. participated. Participants included were regular smokers additional material for this ► Additional individual interviews were conducted, as with a minimum age of 18 and sufficient command of the paper are available online.