DOCSLIB.ORG

Green Grabbing and the Contested Nature of Belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: a Genealogy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Green Grabbing and the Contested Nature of Belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: a Genealogy Green grabbing and the contested nature of belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: A genealogy by Brock Bersaglio A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Geography University of Toronto © Copyright by Brock Bersaglio 2017 Green grabbing and the contested nature of belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: A genealogy Brock Bersaglio Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geography University of Toronto 2017 Abstract Global demand to protect endangered wildlife at any cost has corresponded to increasingly more Large-Scale Land Acquisitions being carried out for conservation purposes. This dissertation focuses on how and why different rural groups have such diverse experiences with, and reactions to, this phenomenon (i.e. green grabbing). Recent studies emphasize the need to depart from stereotypes of rural groups as either passive victims or unified resistors of green grabbing. Such studies show that green grabs have differentiated impacts and are met by variegated political reactions from below – including resistance, acquiescence, and incorporation. While making important contributions to the literature, these insights lead to additional questions. For example, how do the political reactions of certain rural groups align or depart from those of others and why? In responding to such questions, this dissertation makes green grabbing a subject of ethnographic and historical analysis in Laikipia, Kenya. Through a genealogical approach to studying green grabbing, this dissertation brings literature on ethnicity and belonging in Laikipia into dialogue with recent green grabbing literature. The findings suggest that in settler societies, certain aspects of green grabbing may be understood as acts of white belonging. Likewise, green grabbing presents other rural groups with opportunities – however marginal – to re-assert different notions of belonging in the landscape through resistance, acquiescence, or incorporation. Based on these findings, this dissertation argues that green grabbing is central to longstanding contestations over belonging in Laikipia. The phenomenon has been made possible by, but has also re- produced, ethno-spatial divisions rooted in colonial expansion. By tracing the shifting contours of these divisions in time, this dissertation contextualizes how and why different rural groups experience and react to green grabbing. In doing so, it builds a case for ethnographic and historical analyses of green grabs in other places, spaces, and times. Acknowledgements This dissertation is the product of personal relationships and life encounters that stretch well beyond my time at the University of Toronto between 2012 and 2017. In the following paragraphs, I acknowledge the depth and breadth of support I received while researching and writing this dissertation. Although I am only able to mention a few individuals by name, countless others helped shape this project over the course of many years. I must begin by acknowledging those who gifted their energy, insights, and time to me as I carried out the research, allowing me to pry into their lives, observe their day-to-day routines, and occupy space in the places they labour, live, and/or relax. Many strangers graciously endured my questioning, sometimes agreeing to interviews on extremely short notice without knowing all that much about me or why I seemed so interested in talking with them. Unfortunately, this list of names is far too long to include here. I am happy to say, however, that some of these strangers became friends. The story this dissertation tells is undoubtedly the richer for contributions made by friends and strangers alike, as is my personal story. Thank you. I am now obliged to get more specific. I am indebted to the following individuals for their expertise, kindness, and generosity – for persevering long days spent traversing difficult terrain or for opening their homes to me, among other forms of generosity. The following names immediately come to mind: David, Deborah, Erastus, Esther, Marcus, Murray, Ramson, Sophie, and Timothy. David, this project simply would not have been possible without you. That is no exaggeration. Erastus, you have been such a reliable friend (and source of information) over the years; you contributed to this project in more ways than you know. Others, such as Alex, Bryan, Charles, Henry, Janice, and Suzan, helped coordinate key logistics in support of the research. I need to acknowledge Alex, specifically, for facilitating my affiliation with the East African Institute at Aga Khan University, as well as Charles for linking me to valuable resources, networks, and professional relationships early in the research. At this juncture, I want to acknowledge the financial support I received for this dissertation from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), and University of Toronto. Without financial support from these organizations, my approach to the research would not have been feasible. I would also like to recognize that Kenya’s National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation did not have to approve this research. I am extremely grateful that approval was granted. Next, I wish to thank the countless number of individuals who have challenged, nurtured, and stretched me intellectually over the years. Yet again, the names of such individuals are far too numerous to list, stretching back to my days as a secondary school student and beyond. Members of the Environmental Politics Working Group at the University of Toronto require special recognition, as do the individuals on my supervisorial committee. Jim and Sharlene, I owe you enormous thanks for your time and feedback. Your critical insights helped improve this dissertation and have given me much to consider moving forward. Thank you, Ken, for setting hours of your time aside to talk methodology and theory with me. Your enthusiasm and understanding of ethnography not only wore off on me, it was a tangible source of guidance in the field. Scott, your moral support necessarily challenged and stretched me intellectually. More importantly, however, it was a vital source of motivation for me throughout my PhD experience. Lastly, Thembela, I could not have asked for a better supervisor. You went out of your way to provide me with invaluable experiences and opportunities. You also helped keep me driven, focused, and (somehow) relatively relaxed throughout the process – thank you. Your research and writing, along with your enthusiasm for teaching, will continue to inspire me. Since there is clearly no such thing as an individual achievement, I would like to close by acknowledging the care, kindness, and support that I received from family and friends while devoting myself to this dissertation. Some of you in Canada (British Columbia and Ontario), Kenya, and Zambia quite literally opened their doors to me on numerous occasions. Moreover, you were all excellent sources of distraction, peace, and/or reprieve over the past 4 years – this deserves special thanks. Lastly, Oliver, although you will never read this, you remain my true comrade. Charis, an endless rendition of clichés would capture neither the admiration I have for you nor the gratitude I feel towards you. You are my anchor and sail. Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... x List of Appendices ................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................ 13 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 13 1 Research purpose, context, and contribution ................................................................ 15 1.1 Research goal and purpose ......................................................................................... 15 1.2 Research context and contribution.............................................................................. 17 2 Dissertation outline ............................................................................................................ 25 3 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................ 33 Green grabbing and political reactions from below .................................................... 33 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 33 2 Green grabbing and the green economy of conservation ........................................... 37 3 The global machine of green grabbing ........................................................................... 41 4 Selling the wild: Market-Driven Conservation ................................................................ 44 5 MDC and its contradictions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protecting Carbon to Destroy Forests: Land Enclosures and REDD+
    Protecting carbon to destroy forests: Land enclosures and REDD+ CARBON TRADE WATCH Author: Carbon Trade Watch Editors: TNI, FDCL and IGO Many thanks to Larry Lohmann and Winnie Overbeek for their valuable contributions to this publication Content: I. Introduction: Why is the REDD+ discussion important? 3 Carbon Markets: A short background 4 II. Sustaining land enclosures 6 Land Enclosures in History 6 The state of play: Lands and Rights 8 Uncovering the Roots 9 Deforestation 10 Degradation 12 III. Spinning the same coin: From carbon markets to REDD+ 14 CDM and REDD+: Two paths towards the same trap? 15 Forests for sale: The REDD+ story 16 Ready for REDD+: adjusting forested lands to the market logic 18 To market or ... to market 20 Carbon markets in the soils: REDD and agriculture 21 Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project: carbon finance for whom? 22 IV. Reflections: From a history of enclosure to enclosure through REDD+ 23 Published by TNI, FDCL and IGO for the Hands off the Land Alliance Produced with financial support from the European Commission. The views expressed herein are those of TNI, FDCL and IGO and not of the EC. HANDS OFF THE LAND TAKE ACTION AGAINST LAND GRABBING a joint project of TNI, FIAN International, FIAN Netherlands, FIAN Germany, FIAN Austria, IGO in Poland and FDCL in Germany. Parque Nacional Yasuní, Rainforest in Ecuador - Joanna Cabello The need to halt the alarming rates of deforestation and forest degradation is without hesitation of high importance. Forests destruction displaces forest dependant peoples, often destroying their livelihoods and violating human rights. Moreover, even though the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation also I.
    [Show full text]
  • Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa
    Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa Elifuraha I. Laltaika1 and Kelly M. Askew2 I. Background and context3 The 2003 Report of Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities (WGIP) of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) recognized the existence of multiple indigenous peoples in Africa primarily consisting of pastoralists (e.g., Pokot, Maasai, Barbaig, Karamajong, Samburu, Turkana, Afar, Borana, Tuareg, and Fulani) and hunter-gatherers (e.g., Batwa, Hadzabe, Ogiek and San). These peoples require access to land and water resources in their ancestral territories to pursue their legally protected ways of life per the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, powerful transnational corporations and conservation organizations—both typically aligned with local political and economic elites—were already identified in the 2003 WGIP report as a threat to indigenous lands, resources and livelihoods: Dispossession of land and natural resources is a major human rights problem for indigenous peoples. They have in so many cases been pushed out of their traditional areas to give way for the economic interests of other more dominant groups and to large scale development initiatives that tend to destroy their lives and cultures rather than improve their situation. Establishment of protected areas and national parks have impoverished indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities, made them vulnerable and unable to cope with environmental uncertainty and in many cases even displaced them. Large-scale extraction of natural resources such as logging, mining, dam construction, oil drilling and pipeline construction have had very negative impacts on the livelihoods of indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance, Acquiescence Or Incorporation? an Introduction to Land Grabbing and Political Reactions ‘From Below’
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2015 Resistance, Acquiescence or Incorporation? An Introduction to Land Grabbing and Political Reactions ‘From Below’ Marc Edelman CUNY Graduate Center Ruth Hall University of the Western Cape Saturnino M. Borras Jr. International Institute of Social Studies Ian Scoones University of Sussex Ben White International Institute of Social Studies See next page for additional authors How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/107 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Authors Marc Edelman, Ruth Hall, Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Ian Scoones, Ben White, and Wendy Wolford This article is available at CUNY Academic Works: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/107 The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2015 Vol. 42, Nos. 3–4, 467–488, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2015.1036746 Resistance, acquiescence or incorporation? An introduction to land grabbing and political reactions ‘from below’ Ruth Hall, Marc Edelman, Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Ian Scoones, Ben White and Wendy Wolford Political reactions ‘from below’ to global land grabbing have been vastly more varied and complex than is usually assumed. This essay introduces a collection of ground- breaking studies that discuss responses that range from various types of organized and everyday resistance to demands for incorporation or for better terms of incorporation into land deals. Initiatives ‘from below’ in response to land deals have involved local and transnational alliances and the use of legal and extra-legal methods, and have brought victories and defeats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dangerous Rise of Land Grabbing Through Climate Change Mitigation Policies: the Examples of Biofuel and REDD+
    Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito (RECHTD) 12(3):568-582, setembro-dezembro 2020 Unisinos - doi: 10.4013/recHtd.2020.123.15 The dangerous rise of Land Grabbing through Climate Change Mitigation policies: the examples of Biofuel and REDD+ O perigoso avanço do Agarro de Terras por políticas de Mitigação das Mudanças Climáticas: exemplos de Biocombustíveis e REDD+ Giulia Parola1 Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO/Brazil) [email protected] Abstract This paper seeks to investigate the interconnections between climate change and land grabbing. It oFFers a nuanced understanding oF the critical intersections of climate change mitigation policies with land grabbing, before and after the Paris Agreement. There are various considerations associated with climate change that drive land grabbing tendencies. This increase oF land grabbing has been observed to exacerbate climate change and the recurrence oF strategies that produce harmFul efFects on socio-ecological systems. The term ‘climate grabbing’ is coined to describe the phenomena related to the appropriation oF land and resources For the purposes of climate change mitigation. In particular, this paper will Focus on two instruments that have been created to manage the complications of climate change and have been reinForced by the Paris Agreement in 2015: bioFuel production and the Reduced Emissions From Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus initiatives (REDD+). The article will analyse how those measures increase the phenomenon of land grabbing. Keywords: Mitigations policies, Climate Change, Land grabbing, Biofuel, REDD+. Resumo Este artigo procura investigar as interconexões entre mudança climática e apropriação de terras. Ele oFerece uma compreensão detalhada das 1 Visiting Professor in Environmental Law UNIRIO.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Land Rush and Climate Change 10.1002/2014EF000281 Kyle Frankel Davis1, Maria Cristina Rulli2, and Paolo D’Odorico1
    Earth’s Future COMMENTARY The global land rush and climate change 10.1002/2014EF000281 Kyle Frankel Davis1, Maria Cristina Rulli2, and Paolo D’Odorico1 1 2 Key Points: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Civil and • Concern over food, energy, and CO2 Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy emissions have heightened demand for land • Climate change has an important Climate change poses a serious global challenge in the face of rapidly increasing human influence on the drivers of land Abstract acquisitions demand for energy and food. A recent phenomenon in which climate change may play an important role • Debate over land deals should make is the acquisition of large tracts of land in the developing world by governments and corporations. In the climate change an essential target countries, where land is relatively inexpensive, the potential to increase crop yields is generally consideration high and property rights are often poorly defined. By acquiring land, investors can realize large profits and countries can substantially alter the land and water resources under their control, thereby changing their Corresponding author: K. F. Davis, ([email protected]) outlook for meeting future demand. While the drivers, actors, and impacts involved with land deals have received substantial attention in the literature, we propose that climate change plays an important yet underappreciated role, both through its direct effects on agricultural production and through its influence Citation: Davis, K. F., M. C. Rulli, and P. D’Odorico on mitigative or adaptive policy decisions. Drawing from various literature sources as well as a new global (2015), The global land rush and database on reported land deals, we trace the evolution of the global land rush and highlight prominent climate change, Earth’s Future, 3, examples in which the role of climate change is evident.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Grabs for Biochar? Narratives and Counter Biogenic Carbon
    Land Grabs for Biochar? Narratives and Counter Biogenic Carbon Sequestration Economy By Melissa Leach, James Fairhead and James Fraser Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing 6-8 April 2011 Organised by the Land Deals Politics Initiative (LDPI) in collaboration with the Journal of Peasant Studies and hosted by the Future Agricultures Consortium at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex Land grabs for biochar? Narratives and counter-narratives in Africa’s emerging biogenic carbon sequestration economy Melissa Leach, James Fairhead and James Fraser ‘Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Africa’ project Contact: STEPS Centre Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RE Email: [email protected] Introduction Biochar refers to the carbon-rich product that results when biomass – from wood or leaves to manure or crop residues – is burned under oxygen-deprived conditions and then buried in the ground.1 Yet around this apparently simple practice extraordinary levels of technological optimism and debate are emerging amidst the imperatives for global climate change mitigation and associated carbon markets. Burying biochar offers the promise of long-term sequestration of carbon, part of a suite of ‘biogenic’ approaches to climate geo-engineering that now attract the interest of scientists, policymakers and companies alike. Because its production and burial might also enhance soil fertility and thus food security, and can generate bio-energy and improving women’s health through reduced-smoke woodstoves - biochar is rapidly being promoted as a ‘multiple win’ technology for small farmers in Africa and beyond. Meanwhile, biochar-related businesses are multiplying rapidly, given rich if uncertain rewards promised by emerging global carbon markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Grabbing: a New A
    commentary Commentary, March 23, 2018 GREEN GRABBING- INDUCED DISPLACEMENT SARA VIGIL he complex impacts of climate unsustainable practices in one place can be change on human mobility have repaired by sustainable ones in another4. With gained increased attention, but an in- regard to displacement, they assume that T visible and growing number of peo- their negative effects can be balanced by the ple are also being displaced – paradoxically – gains in environmental protection5. However, by the very measures taken in the name of and although the presence of certain entities addressing it. Although mitigation and adap- (mostly corporations and extractive indus- tion interventions are crucial in order to de- tries) is indeed negative for the environment, crease the likelihood of forced displacement, it is local populations and indigenous peoples climate response measures such as agro-fuel – who are the best positioned to protect nat- production and carbon forest projects have ural resources – that are being evicted. Alt- been amongst the main drivers of the global hough not generally recognized as a part of land rush which is unprecedented in scale climate or environmental-induced displace- since the colonial era1. These green grabs, or ment debates, the links with this category are ‘appropriations of natural resources for envi- twofold: 1/ when climate change policies ronmental ends’2, are serving to cleanse the drive land grabs and the eviction of local image of polluters, with devastating social populations; 2/ when climate mitigation or and environmental consequences. The logic adaptation projects destroy local resources, behind market-driven initiatives is that we should ‘sell nature in order to save it’3 and that 1 For the most reliable figures, see the Land Matrix.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing the Environmental Injustices of the California-REDD+
    Analyzing the Environmental Injustices of Carbon Offsetting: The Limits of the California-REDD+ Linkage By Matthew Lithgow A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in International Development Studies March 2017, Halifax, Nova Scotia © Matthew Lithgow Approved Dr. Kate Ervine Supervisor Approved Dr. Gavin Fridell Reader Approved Dr. Rylan Higgins External March 8, 2017 i Abstract Analyzing the Environmental Injustices of Carbon Offsetting: The Limits of the California-REDD+ Linkage By Matthew Lithgow Emissions from greenhouses gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2), have driven anthropogenic climate change. In response, global policymakers have promoted carbon trading and its subset, carbon offsetting, as approaches to lower these emissions by commodifying GHG reductions for market exchange. Recently, the US state of California has sought to incorporate carbon offsets from a “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation” (REDD+) program in the state of Acre, Brazil, into its own carbon trading scheme. Using a theoretical framework drawn from Marxist Political Economy, I argue that the “California-REDD+ linkage” is an ineffective and unjust method of climate change mitigation, because it prioritizes economic growth over substantial and equitable emissions reductions. By interrogating the environmental and social credibility of REDD+ offsetting, this thesis exposes the limits of market-based environmental strategies
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Green Grabs, Conservation, and Private Protected Areas in Southern Chile
    This is a repository copy of What is a land grab? Exploring green grabs, conservation, and private protected areas in southern Chile. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/82627/ Article: Holmes, G (2014) What is a land grab? Exploring green grabs, conservation, and private protected areas in southern Chile. Journal of Peasant Studies, 41 (4). 547 - 567. ISSN 0306-6150 https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.919266 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ What is a land grab? Exploring green grabs, conservation, and private protected areas in southern Chile 1 Abstract Discussions of land grabs for various purposes, including environmental ends, have expanded in recent years, yet land grabbing remains inconsistently defined and poorly understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Grabbing and the Contested Nature of Belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: a Genealogy
    Green grabbing and the contested nature of belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: A genealogy by Brock Bersaglio A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Geography University of Toronto © Copyright by Brock Bersaglio 2017 ii Green grabbing and the contested nature of belonging in Laikipia, Kenya: A genealogy Brock Bersaglio Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geography University of Toronto 2017 Abstract Global demand to protect endangered wildlife at any cost has corresponded to increasingly more Large-Scale Land Acquisitions being carried out for conservation purposes. This dissertation focuses on how and why different rural groups have such diverse experiences with, and reactions to, this phenomenon (i.e. green grabbing). Recent studies emphasize the need to depart from stereotypes of rural groups as either passive victims or unified resistors of green grabbing. Such studies show that green grabs have differentiated impacts and are met by variegated political reactions from below – including resistance, acquiescence, and incorporation. While making important contributions to the literature, these insights lead to additional questions. For example, how do the political reactions of certain rural groups align or depart from those of others and why? In responding to such questions, this dissertation makes green grabbing a subject of ethnographic and historical analysis in Laikipia, Kenya. Through a genealogical approach to studying green grabbing, this dissertation brings literature on ethnicity and belonging in Laikipia into dialogue with recent green grabbing literature. The findings suggest that in settler societies, certain aspects of green grabbing may be understood as iii acts of white belonging.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Policies, Land Grabbing and Conflict: Perspectives from Southeast Asia
    Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement ISSN: 0225-5189 (Print) 2158-9100 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcjd20 Climate change policies, land grabbing and conflict: perspectives from Southeast Asia Esteve Corbera, Carol Hunsberger & Chayan Vaddhanaphuti To cite this article: Esteve Corbera, Carol Hunsberger & Chayan Vaddhanaphuti (2017) Climate change policies, land grabbing and conflict: perspectives from Southeast Asia, Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement, 38:3, 297-304, DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2017.1343413 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1343413 Published online: 28 Jul 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcjd20 Download by: [83.57.8.203] Date: 28 July 2017, At: 05:36 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES REVUE CANADIENNE D’ÉTUDES DU DÉVELOPPEMENT, 2017 VOL. 38, NO. 3, 297–304 https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1343413 Climate change policies, land grabbing and conflict: perspectives from Southeast Asia Esteve Corberaa, Carol Hunsbergerb and Chayan Vaddhanaphutic aInstitute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; bDepartment of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; cRegional Centre for Social Science and Sustainable Development and Centre for Ethnic Studies and Development, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Introduction to the special issue Since the late 1990s, and particularly over the past decade, we have witnessed a prolifer- ation of land-related initiatives being globally promoted in response to the climate change “problem”.
    [Show full text]
  • Grey Areas in Green Grabbing: Subtle
    GREY AREAS IN GREEN GRABBING: SUBTLE AND INDIRECT INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE POLITICS AND LAND GRABS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Borras, Jun; Franco, Jennifer; ; © 2020, BORRAS, JUN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited. IDRC Grant: 108696-001-Policy intersections: Strengthening bottom up accountability amidst land rush in Mali and Nigeria Land Use Policy 84 (2019) 192–199 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol Grey areas in green grabbing: subtle and indirect interconnections between climate change politics and land grabs and their implications for research T ⁎ Jennifer C. Francoa,b, Saturnino M. Borras Jr.a,c, a College of Humanities and Development Studies (COHD) of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China b Transnational Institute (TNI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands c International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), PO Box 29776, 2502 LT, The Hague, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This paper builds on the literature on green grabbing. It makes a fresh contribution by bringing in aspects of Climate change politics green grabbing that are less visible and obvious. These are subtle, fluid and indirect interconnections between Land grabbing climate change politics and land grabs. It is difficult to see these interconnections from an ‘either black or white’ Agrarian climate justice perspective. It is likely that the extent of this ‘grey area’ intersection in terms of affected social relations, nature Green grabbing and land use change is quite significant globally, even when such interconnections tend to operate below the radar of dominant governance institutions and database tracking.
    [Show full text]