All-Electric New Homes and Buildings in Colorado: Appendix
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Best Practices in Central Heat Pump Water Heating
MAR 2018 Heat Pumps Are Not Boilers ACEEE – HOT WATER FORUM 2018 | Shawn Oram, PE, LEED AP Director of Engineering & Design ECOTOPE.COM • OVERVIEW • END GAME • WHAT’S AVAILABLE NOW • PROBLEMS WE ARE SEEING • MARKET DEVELOPMENT NEEDS • QUESTIONS AGENDA ECOTOPE.COM 2 Common Space Heat, Seattle 2014 Benchmarking Data 5 DHW Heat, 10 Median EUI (kBtu/SF/yr) Unit Space 1/3 OF THE LOAD IS Heat, 5 TEMPERATURE MAINTAINANCE Lowrise EUI = 32 Unit Non- Common Heat, 10 Non-Heat, Midrise EUI = 36 10 2009 Multifamily EUI (KBTU/Sf/Yr) Highrise EUI = 51 Breakdown By Energy End Use Type MULTIFAMILY ENERGY END USES ECOTOPE.COM 3 “Heat Pumps Move Heat” Optimize storage design to use coldest water possible HEAT PUMP WATER HEATING ECOTOPE.COM 4 R-717 0 BETTER CO2 Variable Capacity | SANDEN, R-744 1 MAYEKAWA, MITSUBISHI Eco-Cute R-1270 2 GWP OF SELECTED REFRIGERANTS R-290 3 (Carbon Dioxide Equivalents, CO2e) R-600a 3 Proposed HFO replacement refrigerant R-1234yf 4 R-1150 4 R-1234ze 6 Refrigerants have 10% of the climate R-170 6 forcing impact of CO2 Emissions R-152a 124 Fixed Capacity| MOST HPWH’s R-32 675 COLMAC, AO SMITH R-134a 1430 R-407C 1744 Variable Capacity | PHNIX, R-22 1810 ALTHERMA, VERSATI R-410A 2088 Fixed Capacity| AERMEC R-125 3500 R-404A 3922 R-502 4657 WORSE R-12 10900 REFRIGERANT TYPES ECOTOPE.COM 5 • No Refrigerant • 20-30% Less Energy • Quiet • GE/Oak Ridge Pilot • Ready for Market -2020 MAGNETO-CALORIC HEAT PUMP ECOTOPE.COM 6 140˚ 120˚ HOT WATER HEAT PUMP HOT WATER HEAT PUMP STORAGE WATER STORAGE WATER HEATER HEATER 50˚ 110˚ Heat the water up to usable Heat the water up 10-15 degrees temp in a single pass. -
The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating
Solar Calorimetry Laboratory The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating Stephen Harrison Ph.D., P. Eng., Solar Calorimetry Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Solar Calorimetry Laboratory Background • As many groups try to improve energy efficiency in residences, hot water heating loads remain a significant energy demand. • Even in heating-dominated climates, energy use for hot water production represents ~ 20% of a building’s annual energy consumption. • Many jurisdictions are imposing, or considering regulations, specifying higher hot water heating efficiencies. – New EU requirements will effectively require the use of either heat pumps or solar heating systems for domestic hot water production – In the USA, for storage systems above (i.e., 208 L) capacity, similar regulations currently apply Canadian residential sector energy consumption (Source: CBEEDAC) Solar Calorimetry Laboratory Solar and HP water heaters • Both solar-thermal and air-source heat pumps can achieve efficiencies above 100% based on their primary energy consumption. • Both technologies are well developed, but have limitations in many climatic regions. • In particular, colder ambient temperatures lower the performance of these units making them less attractive than alternative, more conventional, water heating approaches. Solar Collector • Another drawback relates to the requirement to have an auxiliary heat source to supplement the solar or heat pump unit, -
COMFORT™ SERIES PACKAGED HEAT PUMP and PACKAGED HYBRID HEAT® SYSTEMS High-Efficiency Packaged Products with Your Comfort in Mind
COMFORT™ SERIES PACKAGED HEAT PUMP AND PACKAGED HYBRID HEAT® SYSTEMS High-efficiency packaged products with your comfort in mind Models 50VT, 48VT DESIGNED WITH YOUR COMFORT IN MIND Innovation, efficiency, quality: Our Comfort™ Series packaged heat pumps and packaged Hybrid Heat® systems represent years of research and design with one goal in mind – helping your family with comfort solutions. With durable, lasting comfort and the option to choose a traditional heat pump or gas furnace and heat pump combined, Comfort™ Series packaged products offer the Carrier quality, environmental stewardship and lasting durability that have endured for more than a century. While both of these packaged products provide comfort all year long, our Hybrid Heat systems can be an excellent choice in areas where having both gas and electric heat pump heating are desirable for maximum comfort and energy savings. EFFICIENCY SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio), HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) and AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) ratings are like your car’s MPG – the higher the number, the greater the potential for savings. Comfort™ Series packaged heat pumps and packaged Hybrid Heat systems offer up to 14.5 SEER cooling and 8.0 HSPF heating. The packaged Hybrid Heat system also reaches 81% AFUE gas heating. DURABILITY A galvanized steel cabinet and heavy-duty wire coil guard provide protection against dings, dents and other outdoor threats. Our unique cabinet design puts the condensing coil above ground level and further out of harm’s way. The bottom half of the cabinet is fully sealed to help keep moisture, leaves, dirt and other potential corrosives out. -
Refrigerant Selection and Cycle Development for a High Temperature Vapor Compression Heat Pump
Refrigerant Selection and Cycle Development for a High Temperature Vapor Compression Heat Pump Heinz Moisia*, Renè Riebererb aResearch Assistant, Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/B, 8010 Graz, Austria bAssociate Professor, Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/B, 8010 Graz, Austria Abstract Different technological challenges have to be met in the course of the development of a high temperature vapor compression heat pump. In certain points of operation, high temperature refrigerants can show condensation during the compression which may lead to compressor damage. As a consequence, high suction gas superheat up to 20 K can be necessary. Furthermore high compressor outlet temperatures caused by high heat sink outlet temperatures (approx. 110 °C) and high pressure ratios can lead to problems with the compressor lubricant. In order to meet these challenges different refrigerant and cycle configurations have been investigated by means of simulation. Thermodynamic properties as well as legal and availability aspects have been considered for the refrigerant selection. The focus of the cycle configurations has been set on the realization of the required suction gas superheat. Therefore the possibility of an internal heat exchanger and a suction gas cooled compressor has been investigated. The simulation results showed a COP increase of up to +11 % due to the fact that the main part of the suction gas superheat has not been provided in the evaporator. Furthermore, the effect of increased subcooling has been investigated for a single stage cycle with internal heat exchanger. The results showed a COP of 3.4 with a subcooling of 25 K at a temperature lift of approximately 60 K for the refrigerant R600 (n-butane). -
High Temperature Heat Pump Using HFO and HCFO Refrigerants
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning School of Mechanical Engineering Conference 2018 High temperature heat pump using HFO and HCFO refrigerants - System design, simulation, and first experimental results Cordin Arpagaus NTB University of Applied Sciences of Technology Buchs, Switzerland, [email protected] Frédéric Bless NTB University of Applied Sciences of Technology Buchs, Institute for Energy Systems, Werdenbergstrasse 4, 9471 Buchs, Switzerland, [email protected] Michael Uhlmann NTB University of Applied Sciences in Buchs, Switzerland, [email protected] Elias Büchel NTB University of Applied Sciences of Technology Buchs, Institute for Energy Systems, Werdenbergstrasse 4, 9471 Buchs, Switzerland, [email protected] Stefan Frei NTB University of Applied Sciences of Technology Buchs, Institute for Energy Systems, Werdenbergstrasse 4, 9471 Buchs, Switzerland, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc Arpagaus, Cordin; Bless, Frédéric; Uhlmann, Michael; Büchel, Elias; Frei, Stefan; Schiffmann, Jürg; and Bertsch, Stefan, "High temperature heat pump using HFO and HCFO refrigerants - System design, simulation, and first experimental results" (2018). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1875. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1875 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] -
Performance of a Heat Pump Water Heater in the Hot-Humid Climate, Windermere, Florida
BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE Building America Case Study Technology Solutions for New and Existing Homes Performance of a Heat Pump Water Heater in the Hot-Humid Climate Windermere, Florida Over recent years, heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) have become more read- PROJECT INFORMATION ily available and more widely adopted in the marketplace. A key feature of an Project Name: Systems Evaluation at HPWH unit is that it is a hybrid system. When conditions are favorable, the unit the Cool Energy House will operate in heat pump mode (using a vapor compression system that extracts Location: Windermere, FL heat from the surrounding air) to efficiently provide domestic hot water (DHW). Partners: Homeowners need not adjust their behavior to conform to the heat pump’s Southern Traditions Development capabilities. If a heat pump cannot meet a higher water draw demand, the heater http://southerntraditionsdev.com/ will switch to electric resistance to provide a higher heating rate. This flexibility Consortium for Advanced provides the energy savings of heat pump mode (when possible) while perform- Residential Buildings www.carb-swa.com ing as an electric resistance water heater (ERWH) during periods of high DHW demand. Furthermore, an HPWH’s operational byproduct is cooling and dehu- Building Component: Domestic hot water midification, which can be particularly beneficial in hot-humid climates. Application: Retrofit, single family For a 6-month period, the Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings, a Year Tested: 2012 U.S. Department of Energy Building America team, monitored the performance Applicable Climate Zone(s): Hot-humid of a GE Geospring HPWH in Windermere, Florida. The study included hourly energy simulation analysis using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s PERFORMANCE DATA Building Energy Optimization-Energy Plus (BEopt) v1.3 software. -
Design of a Heat Pump Assisted Solar Thermal System Kyle G
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International High Performance Buildings School of Mechanical Engineering Conference 2014 Design of a Heat Pump Assisted Solar Thermal System Kyle G. Krockenberger Purdue University, United States of America / Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, [email protected] John M. DeGrove [email protected] William J. Hutzel [email protected] J. Christopher Foreman [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ihpbc Krockenberger, Kyle G.; DeGrove, John M.; Hutzel, William J.; and Foreman, J. Christopher, "Design of a Heat Pump Assisted Solar Thermal System" (2014). International High Performance Buildings Conference. Paper 146. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ihpbc/146 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/ Herrick/Events/orderlit.html 3572 , Page 1 Design of a Heat Pump Assisted Solar Thermal System Kyle G. KROCKENBERGER 1*, John M. DEGROVE 1*, William J. HUTZEL 1, J. Chris FOREMAN 2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. [email protected] * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT This paper outlines the design of an active solar thermal loop system that will be integrated with an air source heat pump hot water heater to provide highly efficient heating of a water/propylene glycol mixture. -
Refined Comfort
REFINED COMFort Dehumidification Systems FOR COMMERCIAL ROOFTOP UNITS AND SPLIT SYSTEMS Superior humidity and temperature control every day of the year With the Humiditrol® dehumidification system from Lennox, you can easily reduce humidity levels regardless of room temperature. The unique dehumidification-on-demand design removes moisture based on relative humidity levels—not the temperature—so it’s easy and efficient to create a better indoor environment. Why the Humiditrol® dehumidification system is more effective The Humiditrol dehumidification system is different from standard dehumidification HUMIDITROL® products that use cooling to remove moisture. That method can backfire by overcooling DEHUMIDIFICATION the space and leading to condensation and mold growth, even damaging building AT A GLANCE: materials. The Humiditrol system removes moisture with minimal effect on temperature, avoiding problems with overcooling. Integrated dehumidification system that controls humidity independent of room temperature Reduced humidity is better for business Available on rooftop units and small split systems High humidity levels can make Indoor air quality people feel sticky and may create productivity costs Efficiently improves indoor air a breeding ground for mold, quality (IAQ) and comfort mildew, dust mites and bacteria. Estimated number of employees 65 This environment not only affects Salary cost (per average employee) $30,000 Reduces spread of allergens such as customer comfort, but can also mold, mildew and dust mites Total staff (yearly) $1,950,000 compromise the integrity of Productivity losses due to poor computers and electronics, building thermal comfort, absenteeism, 3% Helps control mold-related repair comfort, etc. (average %) and maintenance costs materials and stocked items. Total lost productivity $58,500 Maintaining relative humidity Rooftop unit system removes up to Information from “Humidity Control, IAQ and You” Engineered Systems magazine, January 2001. -
New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency
energies Article New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency Fangtian Sun 1,2,*, Yonghua Xie 1, Svend Svendsen 2 and Lin Fu 3 1 Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] 3 Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6832-2133; Fax: +86-010-8836-1680 Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 14 December 2020 Abstract: Industrial exhausted heat can be used as the heat source of central heating for higher energy efficiency. To recover more industrial exhausted heat, a new low-temperature central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat using distributed electric compression heat pumps is put forward and analyzed from the aspect of thermodynamics and economics. The roles played by the distributed electric compression heat pumps in improving both thermal performance and financial benefit of the central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat are greater than those by the centralized electric compression heat pumps. The proposed low-temperature central heating system has higher energy efficiency, better financial benefit, and longer economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat, and thus, its configuration is optimal. For the proposed low-temperature central heating system, the annual coefficient of performance, annual product exergy efficiency, heating cost, and payback period are about 22.2, 59.4%, 42.83 ¥/GJ, and 6.2 years, respectively, when the distance of transmitting exhausted heat and the price of exhausted heat are 15 km and 15 ¥/GJ, respectively. -
Review of Temperature and Humidity Control Technology for Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Systems
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning School of Mechanical Engineering Conference 2016 Review of Temperature and Humidity Control Technology for Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Systems Xiaojie Lin University Of Maryland, United States of America, [email protected] Yunho Hwang University Of Maryland, United States of America, [email protected] Reinhard Radermacher University Of Maryland, United States of America, [email protected] Saikee Oh University Of Maryland, United States of America, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc Lin, Xiaojie; Hwang, Yunho; Radermacher, Reinhard; and Oh, Saikee, "Review of Temperature and Humidity Control Technology for Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Systems" (2016). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1727. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1727 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/ Herrick/Events/orderlit.html 2386, Page 1 Review of Temperature and Humidity Control Technology for Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Systems Xiaojie LIN1, Yunho HWANG1*, Reinhard RADERMACHER1, Saikee OH2 1Center for Environmental Energy Engineering, University of Maryland, 4164 Glenn L. Martin Hall Bldg., College Park, MD 20742, USA 2System Air Conditioning Laboratory, LG Electronics, 327-23, Gasan-Dong, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 153-802, Republic of Korea *: Corresponding Author, Tel: (301) 405-5247, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Indoor temperature and humidity are the two most significant factors to occupants’ thermal comfort. -
Comfort, Indoor Air Quality, and Energy Consumption in Low Energy Homes
Comfort, Indoor Air Quality, and Energy Consumption in Low Energy Homes P. Engelmann, K. Roth, and V. Tiefenbeck Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems January 2013 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email:mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Comfort, Indoor Air Quality, and Energy Consumption in Low Energy Homes Prepared for: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory On behalf of the U.S. -
Small Office Incentive Workbook
BUSINESS New Buildings SMALL OFFICE INCENTIVE WORKBOOK SIMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR BIG ENERGY SAVINGS Boost operating income and asset value boost of $168,700. Energy-efficient value through energy efficiency solutions also can contribute to enhanced tenant comfort, higher occupancy rates and Energy Trust of Oregon knows that reducing lower operation and maintenance costs. building energy use by installing energy- efficient equipment and systems has been Energy Trust can help you capture these benefits shown to increase net operating income, or and earn cash incentives for energy-efficient NOI, and asset value. For example, according equipment and building practices with our market to ENERGY STAR®, installing a highly efficient solutions package for office buildings less than variable refrigerant flow, or VRF, heating 70,000 square feet. Whether you’re planning system in a 40,000-square-foot office to build a new office or kicking off a major building can save up to $0.34 per square foot renovation, it provides a simple way to identify every year in energy costs, translating into an the best energy solutions for your office space. additional NOI of $13,496. At a cap rate* of eight percent, this results in a potential asset * NOI divided by the sales price or value of a property expressed as a percentage. Energy Trust outreach managers can offer input and feedback as you make energy-related decisions and assist you in completing this workbook. If you have questions or need help getting started, contact the outreach manager listed here. Name Email Phone Number 1 HOW TO USE THIS WORKBOOK What is the small office incentive package? This package offers an all-in-one, step-by-step process for designing and selecting energy-efficient systems and equipment that are cost-effective and qualify for cash incentives.