Data Collection Survey on Solid Waste Management in Turkey Final
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Republic of Turkey Data Collection Survey on Solid Waste Management in Turkey Final Report December 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) EX Research Institute Ltd. Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. 7R JR 15-020 Target area of the survey N Kocaeli Sakarya Ankara (Capital) Bursa Izmir Antalya Map of Turkey and Metropolitan Municipalities which are targets of this survey Data Collection Survey on Japan International Cooperation Agency Solid Waste Management in Turkey EX Research Institute Ltd., Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd Table of Contents 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY ............................ 1-1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objective ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Outline of the survey .................................................................................................. 1-2 1.4 Survey period .............................................................................................................. 1-2 1.5 Target municipalities .................................................................................................. 1-2 1.6 Target organizations ................................................................................................... 1-2 1.7 Work plan .................................................................................................................... 1-3 2 BASIC INFORMATION OF TURKEY ....................................................... 2-1 2.1 General information .................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Natural environment .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.3 Socio economic environment ....................................................................................... 2-2 2.3.1 Social overview ....................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3.2 Economic overview ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.3 Japanese investment in Turkey ............................................................................ 2-5 2.4 Public administration ................................................................................................. 2-6 2.4.1 Local administration ............................................................................................. 2-6 2.4.2 Administration by the central government .......................................................... 2-6 2.4.3 Administration by the local autonomy ................................................................. 2-6 2.4.4 Provinces with population less than 750,000 that do not have MM .................. 2-6 2.4.5 Provinces with population of750,000 or more that have MM ............................. 2-7 2.4.6 Restructuring of municipalities (2013) ................................................................. 2-7 2.5 Roles and responsibilities of relevant ministries and agencies ................................. 2-8 2.5.1 Relevant ministries and agencies and their roles ............................................... 2-8 2.5.2 Flow of planning and constructing WtE facilities ............................................. 2-12 3 CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT .. 3-1 3.1 Plans and strategies at national level ........................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Tenth Development Plan (2014-2018) .................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Strategic Plan 2013-2017 of MoEU ...................................................................... 3-4 3.1.3 National Recycling Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2016 ................................... 3-5 3.2 Laws and regulations concerning solid waste management ..................................... 3-8 3.2.1 Solid waste management ...................................................................................... 3-8 3.2.2 Environment impact assessment .......................................................................... 3-9 3.2.3 Gaps between JICA Environmental and Social Consideration Guideline (as of April 2010) and Turkish laws and regulations .................................................. 3-14 3.2.4 Environmental standards to be respected ......................................................... 3-19 3.2.5 Procedures for construction and operation of WtE facilities ............................ 3-24 i Data Collection Survey on Japan International Cooperation Agency Solid Waste Management in Turkey EX Research Institute Ltd., Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd 3.2.6 Electricity ............................................................................................................. 3-25 3.3 Current Status of Solid Waste Management ........................................................... 3-27 3.3.1 Amount of collected wastes ................................................................................. 3-27 3.3.2 Treatment and disposal ....................................................................................... 3-28 3.3.3 Treatment of industrial wastes ........................................................................... 3-29 3.3.4 WtE ....................................................................................................................... 3-29 3.4 Solid waste management issues at the national Level in Turkey ........................... 3-36 3.4.1 Challenges with regard to sanitary landfill ....................................................... 3-37 3.4.2 Solutions to the challenges .................................................................................. 3-38 3.5 Assistance by other donors in the waste management sector ................................. 3-39 3.5.1 French Development Agency (AFD) ................................................................... 3-39 3.5.2 German Development Bank (KfW) ..................................................................... 3-39 3.5.3 Development Bank of Turkey (TSB) ................................................................... 3-39 3.5.4 World Bank ........................................................................................................... 3-40 3.5.5 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) ........................ 3-40 3.5.6 European Union (EU) .......................................................................................... 3-41 4 CURRENT STATUS OF TARGET METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITIES . 4-1 4.1 Bursa MM .................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 General information .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Projection of municipal solid waste amount ........................................................ 4-1 4.1.3 Current municipal solid waste management ....................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 Waste composition ................................................................................................. 4-5 4.1.5 Financial status ..................................................................................................... 4-9 4.1.6 Operational cost of municipal solid waste management ................................... 4-10 4.1.7 Industrial wastes ................................................................................................. 4-10 4.1.8 Medical wastes ..................................................................................................... 4-11 4.1.9 Needs regarding solid waste management ........................................................ 4-11 4.2 Kocaeli MM ............................................................................................................... 4-12 4.2.1 General information ............................................................................................ 4-12 4.2.2 Projection of municipal solid waste amount ...................................................... 4-12 4.2.3 Current municipal solid waste management ..................................................... 4-13 4.2.4 Waste composition ............................................................................................... 4-19 4.2.5 Financial status ................................................................................................... 4-23 4.2.6 Operational cost of municipal solid waste management ................................... 4-24 4.2.7 Industrial wastes ................................................................................................. 4-25 4.2.8 Medical wastes ..................................................................................................... 4-25 4.2.9 Needs regarding solid waste management ........................................................ 4-25 4.3 Izmir MM .................................................................................................................. 4-27 4.3.1 General information ............................................................................................ 4-27 4.3.2 Projection of municipal solid waste amount ...................................................... 4-28 4.3.3 Current municipal solid waste management ....................................................