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Chinese Involvement in Tanzania and Its Local Impacts Maho Fujita Bucknell University, [email protected]

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Chinese Involvement in Tanzania and Its Local Impacts Maho Fujita Bucknell University, Mf045@Bucknell.Edu Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses 2017 Chinese Involvement in Tanzania and Its Local Impacts Maho Fujita Bucknell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Recommended Citation Fujita, Maho, "Chinese Involvement in Tanzania and Its Local Impacts" (2017). Honors Theses. 413. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/413 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHINESE INVOLVEMENT IN TANZANIA AND ITS LOCAL IMPACTS by Maho Fujita Honors Thesis Presented to the Honors Council of Bucknell University May 9th, 2017 Approved: Prof. Cymone Fourshey Thesis Advisor Prof. David Mitchell Chair, Department of International Relations Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 Introducing Tanzania to China ............................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: History .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Pre-colonial History ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Colonial History .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 Independence History ................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 China-Tanzania Relations History ......................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Motives of China Tanzania relations...................................................................................... 20 2.4 Recent Relations .............................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Transition Period ..................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.2 Revival Era ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Chinese Investment trends through newspaper articles .............................................................. 29 Chapter 3: Interviews with Tanzanians .................................................................................................. 40 3.1 Affordability and quality ................................................................................................................ 41 3.1.1 Communication ........................................................................................................................ 42 3.1.2 Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 44 3.2 Policies towards Chinese business ................................................................................................. 52 3.4 Historical involvement .................................................................................................................... 54 3.5 Personality ....................................................................................................................................... 57 3.6 Concept of Development ................................................................................................................. 58 Chapter 4 Chinese workers’ perspectives ............................................................................................... 61 4.1 Competitiveness and challenges ..................................................................................................... 62 4.2 Work ethic and culture ............................................................................................................... 64 4.3 State-own companies and private own business ....................................................................... 66 Chapter 5 Chinese involvement from data ............................................................................................. 72 5.1 Economic Growth and Development ............................................................................................. 72 5.2 Economic Growth Indicators ......................................................................................................... 75 5.3 Economic Development Indicators ................................................................................................ 77 5.4 Trade imbalance .............................................................................................................................. 81 1 5.5 Foreign Direct Investment ............................................................................................................. 88 Chapter 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 93 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 97 Questions to Tanzanians ......................................................................................................................... 97 Questions to Chinese workers ................................................................................................................. 98 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 100 2 Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to thank my thesis advisor Dr. Cymone Fourshey of the International Relations Department at Bucknell University for the continuous support of my study and research. Her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge helped me in all the time of research and writing this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better and more dedicated advisor for this thesis. I would also like to thank Emerging Scholar Program with the Bucknell Institute for Public Policy and the China Institute at Bucknell University. This research was made possible with their funding. Also, I like to thank the participants and translators in my interviews in Tanzania, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of interviewing. Their perspectives helped me to understand this topic in deeper level and made me more passionate about this topic. Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family and friends for providing me with emotional support and continuous encouragement throughout my four years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. Maho Fujita 3 Abstract The rise of China is among the most discussed and watched topics in the fields of African Studies and International Relations. One area of particularly noticeable and rapid expansion is in Africa. This thesis aims to answer the question of what impact Chinese involvement is having on the population of Tanzania and to what extent is it beneficial to and what extent detrimental to the nation. I do so by examining the impact of Chinese investment from three perspectives: 1) case studies from Tanzania in regard to local communities and individual’s perspectives; 2) views of Chinese workers in Tanzania; and 3) state rhetoric and relations from both Tanzania and China. The relationships China has developed in Eastern Africa, the Indian Ocean littoral and inland, has a history many centuries old, but in terms of the post-Communist shifts in China and the post-socialist Ujamaa state of Nyerere, the economic, diplomatic, and social relationships being built are relatively recent events (1990s) and thus are new subjects of scholarly study, which remain under-researched. Likewise US aid regimes have acquired more attention in the scholarship to date than Chinese investment or aid in Tanzania specifically. While much of the research focuses on macro level influences of Chinese investment, this thesis employs perspectives from local communities and workers whose lives have been directly and indirectly impacted by Chinese investments in Tanzania. Based on qualitative and quantitative evidence collected in Tanzania, I argue that Chinese investment in Tanzania has helped many local people by increasing mobility and business opportunities with inexpensive infrastructure from means of transportation and communications technologies. However, in exchange for affordability and fast delivery of Chinese products that represent one level
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