Sla Management of Non-Computational Services

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Sla Management of Non-Computational Services SLA MANAGEMENT OF NON-COMPUTATIONAL SERVICES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF SERVICES DRIVEN BY SLAS Thesis written by ANTONIO MANUEL GUTIÉRREZ FERNÁNDEZ and supervised by Dr. Antonio Ruiz Cortés and Dr. Manuel Resinas Arias de Reyna Universidad de Sevilla Dpto. de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos E.T.S.I. Informática May 2018 First published in May 2018 by Antonio Manuel Gutiérrez Fernández Copyright © MMXVIII [email protected] This is a copyleft document but the content is copyrighted Support: Pre-doctoral scholarship, and scholarships for research visits granted by the Spanish Government under CICYT project TAPAS (TIN2012–32273). Additional support for research visits and attending conferences provided by: the European Commission project: RISEBPM (H2020–645751); the Spanish Government project BELI (TIN2015–70560–R); and the Andalusian Government project COPAS (P12–TIC–1867). A toda mi familia por su apoyo en todo momento AGRADECIMIENTOS Según Bernard Chartres, cualquier avance científico "no es más que mirar desde los hombros de unos gigantes". No está claro si habré conseguido mirar más lejos, pero tengo claro que mi aportación nunca es más que una pequeñisima luz imperceptible al calor de la suma de fuegos con la que mi familia, amigos y colegas me ha alumbrado siempre. El camino formal empezó de la mano de Manolo, sin el que me hubiera sido impo- sible llevar a buen término esta tarea. Con su dirección he aprendido a ordenar, retorcer y exprimir las ideas pero también tengo que agradecerle la paciencia para soportar mi necesidad de reafirmar mis propias ideas a modo de espejo. Pero esta tesis empezó a formarse hace más de 10 años. Hablar de SLAs, preferencias de calidad y despliegue de servicios delante de una tostada de jamón, aceite y tomate con Pablo era, claro, el principio de algo. Mucho después, no puedo evitar pensar que en cierta forma, el co- razón y la razón de esta tesis son hijos de ambos (aunque putativo si se me permite el decirlo). También ha contado con las visitas ocasionales del tito José Antonio, apor- tando siempre sensatez pero combinada con ideas y humor. Y en esta familia no falta tampoco, y no lo digo por la edad, el .abuelo.Antonio, poniendo orden y dirigiendo desde la tramoya los hilos e ideas de ésta criatura. En un camino tan largo, por supuesto, han sido muchos también los primos (sin se- gundas) que han aportado su luz. Se me hace difícil dar un nombre primero, pero han sido muchos cafés que Alejandro ha soportado con mis incesantes inquietudes. Han sido también muchas las líneas de Latex con Carlos, que tanto (o tan poco :D) me han hecho aprender a formatear. Y David, aportando orden, no sólo a las ideas científicas, sino personales. Y muchas han sido también las horas juntos en el aula ISA, tanto con Cristina, iluminándome con su férrea disciplina y capacidad de trabajo, como Adela con su alegría y comprensión. Y antes, en el aula SUN, los buenos ratos profesionales con Ana Belén, José Galindo y Jesús Galán. Y como, además de hablar, también me gus- ta escuchar, he tenido la suerte de aprender de Joaquín y Sergio, dos grandes ’doers’. Y todo, sin olvidarme de los buenos momentos que he podido pasar con todos los com- pañeros del grupo, Octavio, Amador, José Mari, Pablo T, Bea, Margarita y, un poquito más recientemente, Bedilia, Javi, Alfonso y Antonio G. En realidad son muchos más nombres, incluyendo a los compañeros de LSI, como para nombraros a todos, gracias. Esta tesis tampoco hubiera sido la misma sin las estancias que he disfrutado en Essen, Vienna y Rio de Janeiro. Gracias a Clarissa y Andreas, Scharahm y Hong Ling y Flavia y Claudia por brindarme la oportunidad de formarme con vosotros y espero i poder seguir extendiendo las colaboraciones que hemos comenzado. Y por último, quiero acordarme de todos los que no saben ni de que va ésta tesis pe- ro han sido igualmente importantes. Mi familia y mis amigos. Por un lado, mis padres, Amparo y José, y mi hermano Pepe que siempre han confiado en mi y puesto todo de su parte para que llegue tan lejos como proponga. Pero también mis amigos que no han dejado de preguntarme para cuando terminaba, Juanje, Pablo, Silvia, Alejandro y Jesús. Por último quiero nombrar a la persona que más ha soportado este camino, Ana. De todo corazón, gracias. Guti ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bernard Chartres said that any scientific is "looking farther on the shoulders of giants". I am not sure if I succeed to look farther but I am sure that my addition is just an indiscernible light in the sum of fires with which my family, friends and colleagues have always lighted me. The formal path of this thesis started together with Manolo and I could have not finished it without his driving. I have learned to sort, twist and squeeze ideas but I have also to thank him the patience to hear my need of reaffirm my ideas. But this thesis started also to take shape more than 10 years ago. Chat in the breakfast about SLAs, quality preferences and services deployment with Pablo and a piece of bread with olive oil, tomato and jamon was the beginning of something. A long time after, I cannot help thinking that the heart and mind in this dissertation are children of both (although putative if i may say). Of course, there have also been the occasional visits of the uncle, José Antonio, which has always provided sanity together with a piece of ideas and good mood. And to complete the family, there is also a grandfather (not because his age!), Antonio, who has put order in the family and has managed from the stage the ideas and plot of this dissertation. In a so long path, there have been, of course, many cousins providing their light. It is not easy to start with a name, but there have been a lot of coffees with Alejandro to hear my often questions. There have been also a lot of Latex lines with Carlos, with who I have learned so much (or so few) to format. And a lot of Napolitanas with David, providing support to my ideas not just scientific but personals. And also long time in the ISA office with Cristina, providing the light of iron discipline and, Adela, always with joy and empathy. And sometime before, in the SUN office, the "technical" fun with Ana Belén, José Galindo and Jesús Galán. I not only like talk but also hear so I have also been lucky to hear from the ’doers’ Joaquín and Sergio. And, of course, I do not want to forget any of my ISA colleagues, Octavio, Amador, José Mari, Pablo T, Bea, Margarita and, a bit more recent, Bedilia, Javi, Alfonso and Antonio G. There are really much more names to say, including my colleagues from the LSI department. Thank you. This dissertation would have neither been the same without my research stays in Essen, Vienna and Rio de Janeiro. Thank you to Clarissa and Andreas, Schahram and Hong Ling and Flavia and Claudia for giving the opportunity to learn with you and I hope to collaborate further with you. And last, I want to remind all the people that don´t know about what this disser- iii tation discuss but are equally important for the result. My family and friends n the one side, thank you to my parents, Amparo y José, and my brother, Pepe, because you have always trusted on me and supported to handle any achieve I propose. And also, thank you to all my friends that never stopped to asked when I was going to finish, Juanje, Pablo, Silvia, Alejandro y Jesús. And lastly, I want to name the person who longer suffered this path, Ana. My sincere thanks. Guti iv RESUMEN El incremento en el uso de arquitecturas orientadas a servicios en los últimos 15 años ha propiciado la propuesta de numerosas técnicas para automatizar y dar soporte al uso de dichos servicios. Un elemento fundamental en la provisión de servicios es el Acuerdo de Nivel de Servicio (ANS), donde se formalizan los requisitos y garantías de consumidor y proveedor respecto del rendimiento del servicio. Las propuestas pa- ra servicios computacionales, además de proveer modelos formales para describirlos, proponen la automatización de las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida del ANS, tales como la negociación de las garantías para crear un ANS, el despliegue de servicios ba- sados en el ANS, o la gestión de los recursos para cumplir las garantías provistas en el mismo. Sin embargo, en los servicios tradicionales, no computacionales, es decir, los ser- vicios que no son ejecutados por recursos computacionales, tales como los servicios de logística o de desarrollo de software, la gestión de sus ANSs todavía se realiza por medios ad-hoc. Así, las soluciones existentes no pueden ser reutilizadas por diferentes servicios. Y, en la mayoría de los casos, esta gestión se hace de manera manual (p.e. revisión de los objetivos acordados en los ANSs de servicios de transporte), por lo que la evaluación de estos ANSs es susceptible a errores y se suele retrasar respecto a la ejecución del servicio (p.e. cuando el ANS ha finalizado), por lo que no se pueden to- mar acciones preventivas para evitar el incumplimiento del ANS o estas acciones no son rentables. En estos escenarios, aparecen, además, acuerdos marco para un periodo largo (p.e. 1 aõ), durante el cual pueden aparecen ANSs relacionados con éste para un periodo más específico y el análisis de la coherencia entre acuerdos marco y acuerdos específicos es complicada de hacer durante la ejecución del servicio.
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