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4G-Americas-Vohspa-Paper Final-2

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4G-Americas-Vohspa-Paper Final-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 2 I. THE GROWTH OF HSPA ...................................................................................................................... 3 II. EVOLUTION OF VOICE SERVICE OVER 3GPP MOBILE NETWORKS .............................................. 5 A. GSM CS VOICE .................................................................................................................................. 5 B. UMTS CS Voice ................................................................................................................................... 5 C. Voice over HSPA ................................................................................................................................. 6 D. Voice over LTE .................................................................................................................................... 8 III. BENEFITS OF VOICE OVER HSPA ...................................................................................................... 9 IV. VoHSPA TECHNICAL OPTIONS ......................................................................................................... 11 A. IR.58 Minimum Mandatory Feature Set ............................................................................................. 11 1. Non-Radio features ......................................................................................................................... 11 2. Radio (and related Packet Core) features ..................................................................................... 11 B. Additional features ............................................................................................................................. 14 V. STATUS OF VoHSPA REALIZATION.................................................................................................. 17 VI. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 19 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 21 ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 25 Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over the next few years HSPA will be, based simply on sheer projected number of devices, the overwhelming technology for delivering mobile broadband technology to consumers. The consensus is that this will continue to be the case through the remainder of the decade, even as Long Term Evolution (LTE) begins proliferating. As a result, the mobile industry is continually striving to improve HSPA technology. One important facet of this effort relates to the delivery of voice services. Up to now, mobile voice services have been delivered by service providers using traditional circuit-switched (CS) technology. Largely absent have been the benefits to be derived from leveraging packet-switched (PS) and Internet Protocol (IP) based technologies by operators. (This is in contrast to third party, over the top voice over IP [VoIP] services.) The industry is poised, however, to introduce voice services using PS, IP-based technologies. Once deployed, both mobile network operators and consumers stand to benefit significantly from more innovative, robust and efficient services. This paper describes the technological features that are being developed to make Voice over HSPA (VoHSPA) a reality. It describes the two potential options for VoHSPA. The first option leverages IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) technology developed in conjunction with Long Term Evolution (LTE), and is referred to as IMS Voice over HSPA or simply IMS Voice. The other option delivers voice by modifying existing circuit-switch based techniques so that those communications can be transmitted over an HSPA infrastructure, and is referred to as CS Voice over HSPA (CSoHS). This paper reports on the status of the ecosystem for commercializing the needed technology features under both options. As detailed later in the paper, with one exception, all of the features considered necessary for a robust VoHSPA service are available now or will be available from vendors in 2012-2013 for operator testing and validation. 4G Americas hopes that this paper serves as a catalyst for the development of these technologies, illuminating both the progress that has been made as well as what remains to be achieved to make VoHSPA a reality for consumers. Page 2 I. THE GROWTH OF HSPA Globally, as of February 1, there were 423 HSPA networks in 160 countries in operation. And based on the number of subscriptions, HSPA stands as the predominant means of providing mobile broadband services globally. Over the next several years, the gap between HSPA and other technologies will widen. As illustrated below, by 2016 45 percent of all mobile subscriptions will be based on HSPA technology, as compared to 8 percent for LTE and 7 percent for CDMA. Figure 1. Global Mobile Technology Forecast 2011-2016 (Source: Informa) This trend is also evident in the Americas. For example, by the end of 2015 it is forecast that the total number of HSPA subscriptions will surpass the total number of GSM subscriptions in Latin America. This is depicted in the graph below. Figure 2. Latin American Technology Growth Forecast 2011-2016 (Source: Informa) Page 3 These trends have some important implications. One relates to the evolutionary path for mobile voice telephony service, which has been one of, if not the most important service provided over mobile networks, and up to the present, the main source of revenues for mobile operators. For example, will preparations to deliver voice services over emerging LTE networks be leveraged to improve mobile voice service over existing mobile networks? And what provisions are being made so that legacy voice services can coexist and interoperate with newer voice services? The mobile industry is working to address these questions. In order to better appreciate these developments, some background is provided in the next section. Note that this information, and more generally this paper, deals with the evolution of mobile voice telephony services in 3GPP based mobile networks, that is, carrier grade telephony service provisioned by mobile operators, in contrast to over the top (OTT) VoIP service provided by third parties over the operator’s network but without the involvement of the mobile operator itself in the service provision. Page 4 II. EVOLUTION OF VOICE SERVICE OVER 3GPP MOBILE NETWORKS A. GSM CS VOICE Cellular service based on GSM technology was launched in the early 1990s. Based on digital CS technology to provide full duplex (simultaneous two way) voice telephony. GSM employs a dedicated timeslot over the air interface to carry individual voice communications from the Mobile Station (MS) to the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), transiting on from there toward the core network using dedicated trunk resources. This method of providing radio resources is referred to as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and it allows a frequency pair to carry either 8 (full rate) or 16 (half rate) time slots. The following figure illustrates the basic network elements for carrying GSM CS voice. Figure 3. Illustration of network elements for providing GSM CS voice B. UMTS CS VOICE Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular technology for networks based on the GSM standard, and was first launched in the early 2000s. UMTS employs Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth for both CS voice and PS data to mobile network operators than TDMA radio access offered with GSM. The core network supporting UMTS CS voice does not differ much from the one supporting GSM CS voice. This allows the UMTS and GSM radio access network to share a common core network as shown in the figure below. Page 5 GSM BTS PSTN A SS7 Abis BSC Air 2/3G (Um) MSC/ VLR Iu-cs NodeB RNC Air (Uu) Iub Figure 4. Illustration of network elements for providing both UMTS and GSM CS voice service C. VOICE OVER HSPA The traditional mechanism of mapping the CS voice connection over a Dedication Transport Channel (DCH) in the radio network has been in place since the very first UMTS/W-CDMA standard was established in version 3.0.0 of 3GPP Rel-99.A An HSPA radio service was only later introduced, specifically targeting high speed packet access, and thus only PS data could initially be mapped onto it. Subsequently a number of voice related optimizations were introduced to HSPA, enabling Voice over HSPA (VoHSPA), initially designed to carry digital CS voice traffic over the PS HSPA radio layer (CSoHS). This promised to be significantly more efficient than the traditional CS voice over DCH service, both in terms of system capacity and UE power consumption. From a radio perspective there is little difference whether data bits flow over a CS or PS connection. Thus, in order to be able to benefit from voice related HSPA improvements, the limitation preventing CS connections from being mapped to the HSPA radio layer was removed in the Rel-8 specifications. (Notably
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