As Formas De Uso E Apropriação Do Estádio Mineirão Após a Reforma

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As Formas De Uso E Apropriação Do Estádio Mineirão Após a Reforma UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Faculdade de Educação Física PRISCILA AUGUSTA FERREIRA CAMPOS AS FORMAS DE USO E APROPRIAÇÃO DO ESTÁDIO MINEIRÃO APÓS A REFORMA CAMPINAS 2016 Priscila Augusta Ferreira Campos AS FORMAS DE USO E APROPRIAÇÃO DO ESTÁDIO MINEIRÃO APÓS A REFORMA Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Educação Física, na área de Educação Física e Sociedade. Orientadora: Profa Dra Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA PRISCILA AUGUSTA FERREIRA CAMPOS, E ORIENTADA PELA PROFA. DRA. SILVIA CRISTINA FRANCO AMARAL. CAMPINAS 2016 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral (orientadora) Profa. Dra. Arlete Moyses Rodrigues Prof. Dr. Gilmar Mascarenhas de Jesus Profa. Dra. Simone Aparecida Rechia Prof. Dr. Sérgio Settani Giglio A ata da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no processo de vida acadêmica da aluna. AGRADECIMENTOS Neste momento especial, de fechamento de mais um ciclo, gostaria de agradecer as pessoas que, de algum modo, estiveram presentes nesta caminhada. A Deus e a Nossa Senhora, por estarem sempre presentes guiando os meus passos e me trazendo coisas boas. A CAPES, pela concessão das bolsas de Doutorado e Doutorado Sanduiche. A minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral, pela acolhida e sabedoria na condução deste processo. Ao meu coorientador no exterior, Prof. Dr. Horacio Capel, por me receber em seu grupo Geocrítica. Aos membros da banca avaliadora, Profa. Dra. Arlete Rodrigues, Prof. Dr. Gilmar Mascarenhas, Prof. Dr. Sergio Giglio e Profa. Dra. Simone Rechia, por aceitarem o convite e pelas preciosas contribuições acadêmicas propiciadas por esse encontro. A Minas Arena, em nome da equipe de Sandro Teatini, por terem me concedido o apoio logístico para a realização desta pesquisa. Ao Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas e Lazer (GEPL), pelo apoio e trocas de conhecimento. Ao Grupo de Estudos sobre Futebol e Torcidas (GEFuT), pelos ensinamentos, aprendizagens e amizades ao longo dessa jornada acadêmica. Ao André Pereira e Matheus Cruz, meu braço direito e esquerdo, por terem me ajudado na coleta de dados e pela seriedade com a qual fizeram. Ao meu pai, Paulo, e a minha mãe, Edna, por mais uma vez estarem ao meu lado, apoiando nas minhas decisões e incentivando os meus passos. Muitíssimo obrigada. As minhas irmãs Jéssica e Alice, pela compreensão, paciência e carinho. Às minhas mascotas Luli, Safira e Ferrugem, pelo aconchego e pela companhia. Ao meu marido, Silvio, pelo amor, confiança, cumplicidade e boas risadas. Aos Amigos de Barcelona, Eva e Magno, Camila e Rafael, Nirvana, Azucena e Maria Victoria, pela amizade e pelas histórias compartilhadas. A D. Maria Júlia, por, em Campinas, fazer-me sentir em casa. A Vânia, pela amizade e ajuda ao longo dessa caminhada. À Cândida, pelo carinho e pela delicadeza pelos quais mostra os lados da mesma situação. A Simone Malfatti, secretária da Pós-Graduação da FEF, pela sua educação e profissionalismo. Ao Thiago Costa e a Luíza Macedo pelas conversas e pela paciência. Ao Sr. Lima, pelo minucioso trabalho de revisão. Aos meus familiares, pelo apoio e pela confiança. E, em especial, aos usuários e às usuárias do Mineirão que se prontificaram a ser voluntários e voluntárias da pesquisa. Sem vocês, este trabalho não seria possível. Quem disse que eu me mudei? Não importa que a tenham demolido: A gente continua morando na velha casa Em que nasceu. Mário Quintana RESUMO O estádio é um dos espaços que reflete as mudanças sociais em um determinado tempo-espaço, sendo por elas atingido e, ao mesmo tempo, influenciando-as. A Copa do Mundo de 2014 trouxe a promessa de mudanças nas formas de uso e de apropriação de alguns estádios brasileiros, já que estes foram reformados e reformulados para este megaevento. O estádio Mineirão, situado em Belo Horizonte/MG foi um dos que passou por este processo. Este trabalho analisou as formas de uso e de apropriação do Mineirão, em dia com e sem jogos de futebol. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratório-descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada no interior do estádio e no seu entorno, de dezembro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014. Para a coleta de informação, foram utilizados observação participante, formulário semiaberto e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados indicam que a esplanada passou a ser uma opção de equipamento de lazer em Belo Horizonte, para os moradores das regionais vizinhas Pampulha, em uma cidade que apresenta uma distribuição desigual desses equipamentos. As principais práticas realizadas na esplanada são skate, patins, caminhada e brincadeiras infantis. A legitimação do espaço é percebida pela sua ocupação, tanto durante a semana, quanto nos finais de semana. No uso do estádio para o futebol foi onde se viu o maior impacto da parceria público-privada, já que o estádio passou a operar dentro de uma lógica empresarial. Nessa reformulação, percebemos que os administradores do estádio e do clube/cliente fizeram a opção por um grupo de torcedores que, além de deter o capital financeiro para a aquisição do ingresso, devem incorporar os hábitos sugeridos por e para uma nova ordem do futebol. Os dados demonstraram que os torcedores têm um sentimento dúbio em relação à reforma do Mineirão, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que reconhecem as melhorias em termos de conforto, limpeza e segurança, sentem falta dos hábitos que constituíram a tradição do Mineirão, entre eles, se reunir nos barraqueiros, conversar e comer o feijão tropeiro. Em função dessa ausência, vários torcedores resistem e reinventam essa prática, via churrasquinho organizado em pequenos grupos ao redor do estádio, em momentos anteriores às partidas. Assim, verificamos que, se o processo de constituição das formas de uso e apropriação do espaço é dinâmico e o lazer, relacionado à cidade, contribui para a sua dimensão pública. Deveria haver uma política setorial de lazer, que levasse em consideração a diminuição das barreiras para a sua vivência, a ampliação dos seus conteúdos e o reconhecimento do seu caráter de mobilização e participação cultural. Por fim, creio que essa pesquisa se junta a outras que vêm tratando os estádios enquanto importantes espaços e equipamentos para as cidades. Palavras-chave: estádio, futebol, lazer, espaço urbano, apropriação. ABSTRACT The stadium is one of the spaces that reflect social changes in a given time-space, being hit by them, and at the same time influencing them. The World Cup 2014 brought the promise of changes in usage and appropriation of some Brazilian stadiums, as they have been refurbished and redesigned for this mega event. The Mineirão stadium, located in Belo Horizonte/MG was the one who went through this process. This study analyzed the usage and appropriation of Mineirão, with and without scheduled football games. It is a qualitative exploratory descriptive research. Data collection took place inside the stadium and its surroundings, from December 2012 to December 2014. To collect the information we used participant observation, semi-open and semi-structured interview form. The results indicate the promenade has become a leisure tool in Belo Horizonte, for the residents of neighboring regional Pampulha, which has an uneven distribution of such resources. The main practices taking place are skateboarding, rollerblading, jogging and children's games. The legitimacy of the space is perceived by its occupation on both weekdays and on weekends. Using the stadium for football games was where we saw the greatest impact of public-private partnership, since the stadium started to operate within a business logic. In this reformulation, we realize stadium administrators and club / customer chose a group of fans who have the financial capital to purchase the ticket. In addition, they must incorporate the habits suggested by and for a new order of football. The data demonstrated that the fans have a dubious feeling about the reform of the Mineirão because while recognizing the improvements in terms of comfort, cleanliness and safety, they miss the traditional habits of this stadium, including, get together in the food tends, talk and eat Feijão Tropeiro. Due to this absence, several fans resist and reinvent this practice through the barbecue organized in small groups around the stadium moments before the games. Thus, we find the process of constitution of usage and appropriation of space is dynamic. Leisure embodied in the city contributes to its public dimension. There should be a leisure policy which takes into account the reduction of barriers to citizens experience, the expansion of its content and the recognition of its mobilization character and cultural participation. Finally, I believe this research joins others that have been treating the stadiums as important spaces and tools to the cities. Key-words: stadium, football, leisure, urban space, appropriation. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES 1. Lista de figuras Figura 1 – Vista área do Mineirão antes da reforma (acima) e após a reforma (abaixo) .................................................................. 29 Figura 2 – Desenho esquemático das situações de pesquisa ............. 36 Figura 3 – Desenho esquemático dos locais de pesquisa dentro do Mineirão. Em colorido estão os setores da arquibancada e, em branco, a Esplanada ...................................................... 41 Figura 4 –
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