1105

Index

A osteophytes 950 cervical spinous processes 631 atelosteogenesis 6 productive changes 69 599, 626, 629, atheroma, calcified of calvarium 405 Abt—Letterer—Siwe disease 400 sesamoid 1091 631, 632 athyrosis, sella turcica 453 accessory bones 4 acromioclavicular joint 287–91 double trolley back 704 atlanto-occipital joint 572 acetabular index 816 anomalies 287–8 702–6 arthritis 599 depth-to-width 817, 818 calcification 287, 290 occipitoatlantoaxial joints 600 dislocation 596, 597 acetabulum degenerative change 290 sacroiliitis 755–6 dysplasia 622 accessory bones 821–2, 823 dislocation 280, 288, 289 662, 663 motion 573 accessory fossa 824 fractures 288, 289 triple trolley back 704 osteoarthritis 601 anatomy 811, 813, 814 290 ankylosis 435, 588–9 apophyses joint space widening 290, 302 acquired bony 27–8 atlanto-occipital membrane, anterior marginal 804, 806–7 necrosis 289–90 apophyseal joint spaces 612, 613 603 persistence 821–2 normal variants 287–8 carpal inflammatory 131 atlantoaxial joint persistent accessory 807 osteoarthritis 290, 291 cervical spine 629, 630 fusions 589 bony defect 824 posttraumatic ossification 289 sacroiliac joint 758 osteoarthritis 601, 602 center—edge angle of Wiberg 817, pseudodislocation 288, 289 thoracic vertebrae 662–3 rotational analysis 574 818 rheumatic disorders 290 annulus fibrosus 558 atlantoaxial segmentation, irregular components 804 subluxation 288, 289 calcification 721, 722, 723 590 congenital dislocation of 825, Tossy classification of dislocations anorexia nervosa 880 atlantoaxial subluxation 597–8, 599, 826 288 anotia 468 600, 631 constitutional flat 825 tumors 290 AO classification of spinal injuries 659 rotary 597, 598 CT imaging 818, 819 acromioclavicular ligament 287 aorta atlantodental distance 567 epiphysis persistence 821–2 264, 265, 270, 273 coarctation 348 atlantodental joint, osteoarthritis 602 eyebrow sign 808, 809 arch shape variation 272, 273–4 ectasia 668 atlas 558, 564–604 false-profile view and VCA angle isolated bony element 2–3, 277–8 aortic aneurysm 668, 710 accessory joint 575, 576 817–18, 819 morphological types 272–4 see acrocephalosyn- accessory 590–2 fractures 829–30, 831 ossification centers 264, 278, 287 anatomy 564, 566 stress 834 persistence 276, 277 apical ligament of dens 558 anomalies 575–83 growth 804–7 277, 278 aplasia, hereditary 27 anterior displacement 597 HTE angle 817, 818 actinomycosis apophyseal joints anterior fracture 592 labrum 811, 813, 814 cervical spine 629 ankylosis 631 arch 567–8, 569 lesion classification 815 545 spaces in cervical spine 612, 613 anterior 575, 576, 577, 579–83 tears 811, 813, 815 base 442 apophyseal ring 562 aplasia 577, 578 measurements after puberty 817–18 adamantinoma, tibial 965, 967 apple core sign 845, 846 clefts 579, 593 ossification centers 804, 807 agger nasi 520, 531 34 hemiaplasia 577, 578 dissecans 837, 840 Ahlbäck disease 885, 887 arachnoid cysts 428–9 posterior 575–8, 592, 593 pressure-bearing zone 808 syndrome 1102 arachnoid villi 371 pseudofractures 569 primary protrusio acetabuli 824 air cells 464–77 arhinencephaly 524 arcuate foramen 581 rim fractures 830 clouding 471, 472 see forearm assimilation 435, 588–90 secondary 825 maxillary sinus 520–1 arm, upper bipartite 579 subchondral synovial cyst 846, 847 475 diaphysis 238–44 burst fracture 592 tear drop figure 804, 808, 809 sigmoid sinus 465 see also ; humerus, distal; cleft variants 821–4 Albers—Schönberg marble bone dis- humerus, proximal paramedian 593 villonodular synovitis 845 ease see Arnold—Chiari malformation 438 posterior arch 575, 576, 577 Achilles tendon algodystrophies 1084, 1085 arthritis duplication of anterior arch 580 calcaneal tuberosity avulsion 1034 alkaptonuria 639 bacterial epitransverse process 581, 582, 583 fat triangle 1001 ochronosis 721, 758 acromioclavicular joint 290 fractures 592–8 achillobursitis defect 1038, 1039 allocephaly 368 joint erosions 57, 58 infratransverse process 582, 583 6 alveolar canal manubrioclavicular joint 313 Jefferson fracture 592, 593 6 mandible 547 carpal 130, 131 Kimmerle variant 580 axial deviations 28, 37 posterior superior 521 proximal phalanges (finger) 90 lateral bending 573 cervical spine 621 ameloblastoma, mandible 545–6, 547 psoriatic 57, 59, 60, 61 lateral displacement 597  foramen magnum 438 amyloid deposits, 2-microglobulin bamboo spine 706 lateral ponticulus 580 humerus varus 253 64, 65, 846 carpal 131 line 573 lumbar canal narrowing 698, 699 amyloidosis, intervertebral disk calci- cervical spine 631 notch-shaped lucencies 568, 570 congenital hypoplasia fication 639 distal phalanges (finger) 83 os suboccipitale 591 513 anal atresia 653 distal phalanges (toe) 1102 ossification 565 short 194 anatomic snuffbox, scaphoid contu- lumbar vertebrae 704, 705 paracondylar mass 582 acoustic neurinoma 484, 489 sion 154 metacarpal 101 paracondylar process 581, 582, 583 acro/acro-mesomelic dysplasias 8 Andersson lesions 702 1082 plane 572 acro- 44, 56–7, 73, 77, 78 anemia occipitoatlantoaxial abnormali- pneumatization 580 289 congenital 36, 38 ties 600 ponticulus 581 distal phalanges (finger) 76, 77, 80, hair-on-end appearance 379, 380 sacroiliac joint 756–7 posterior 580, 581 81 skull 369 sympathetic 130, 131 posterior arch hyperparathyroidism 81, 88 see also sickle cell disease carpal 163 cleft 575–8, 576, 577 middle phalanges (finger) 88 angel wing syndrome 453 tarsal bones 997 fracture 592, 593 350 angiodysplasia temporomandibular joint 551, 552 pseudo-Jefferson fracture 593 281 hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 81 uncovertebral joints 624 pseudodislocation 597 syndrome 289 Klippel—Trenaunay type 34, 36 see also osteoarthritis; rheumatoid pseudotumor 579 thumb 93 Servelle—Martorell-type 36 arthritis rotary subluxation 597, 598 toes 1101 959, 961 arthrography rotation 573–5 acrocephalosyndactyly 468, 506 Weber-type 34, 35, 36 three-compartment 111 575, 576, 577 delta phalanges (finger) 26 angioma, orbital 508 arthro- spinous process thumb 91 impingement syndrome, poste- scapula 281–2 frictional sclerosis 603 acrocephaly 391 rior 1007 see also pustulotic arthro-osteitis joint formation with axis 584 acromegaly 70 ankle joint see talocrural joint arytenoid cartilage 493 split 579 distal phalanges (finger) 78 ankylosing see DISH syn- aspergillosis stenosis 575, 576 intervertebral disk calcification 639 drome calcification 517 styloid process 582, 583 lumbar canal narrowing 698 ankylosing spondylitis 317 nasal cavity 515, 516, 517 transverse foramen lumbar vertebrae 710 bamboo spine 704, 705 asterion/asterion process 407 absence 580 mandible 547 1039 astragalus see talus asymmetry 568, 570 1106 Index

transverse process anomalies 580–3 craniometric measurements 431, Caffey syndrome 206 neurocysticercosis 384–5 tumors 600–1 432 calcaneal-first metatarsal angle 989, 626, 638, 639 unilateral irregular segmentation basilar processes 434, 435 991 nucleus pulposus 640, 668, 721, 722 590 bathrocephaly 368, 394 calcaneocuboid coalition 999 occipitoatlantoaxial region 603 auditory canal, external 459, 464–77 battered child syndrome 206, 207 calcaneocuboid—fourth metatarsal parahippocampal gyrus 453 aneurysmal 476 Bergmann ossicle see terminal ossicle coalition 1032, 1033 pectineal ligament 771 atresia 468 Bernageau view 299 calcaneonavicular coalition 998–9 pelvic soft tissues 768, 770–2 bleeding 470 bilharzial arthropathy, sacroiliac joint calcaneus 985, 1020–39 petrosellar ligament 449, 482 foreign bodies 476 757 accessory bones 1026, 1028–32 pineal 380–1 growth 478 Binder syndrome 524 anatomy 1020–5 retina 510 auditory canal, internal 459–64, 479, birth trauma ankylosing spondylitis 1039 sacrococcygeal intervertebral disk 480 clavicular fractures 310 apophysis 1020, 1021, 1022 745 growth 478 distal femoral fractures 880 bifid 1032 sacroiliac ligaments 755–6, 758, transverse crest 479, 482 bite abnormalities 550 bone cyst 1035, 1036, 1038 759 auditory ossicles 360, 457, 468 blastomycosis, nasal cavity 516 bone spurs 1025 sacrospinal ligament 745, 746 dislocation 470 Blount disease 921–3, 930, 935 bony process on anterior articular sacrotuberal ligament 745 petrous 469 Boeck disease 515 side 1025, 1026, 1027 sagittal sinus 382 rupture 470 bone 67, 68 coalitions 1032, 1033 joint 299–302 auricle 459 cortex 5 deformities 1032–3 bursae 299, 300, 301 cystic tuberculosis 60 diabetic osteoarthropathy 1035 soft-tissue 71–5 coccygodynia 743 density 4, 18, 20–1 dislocation 1033–4 Sturge—Weber disease 384, 385 femoral head 840, 841–3 acquired generalized increase 38, fibro-ostosis 1038, 1039 stylohyoid ligament 496 humerus head 253, 256 39, 40 fracture 1033–4, 1035 supraspinous ligament 638, 639 sesamoid bones 1090–1 generalized loss 47 chip 1031 tentorial 382, 383 axis 558, 564–604 773, 774, 775 stress 1034 thyroid cartilage 493, 611, 612 accessory ossicles 590–2 periosteal processes 44 inflammation 1035 135 anatomy 564–5, 566 detached fragment 4 lucent area 1020, 1022, 1023–5, triangular fibrocartilage 132 anomalies 584–8 felon 59, 62, 84 1035 triquetrum 179 assimilation 589 formation of periosteal new 46 necrosis 1034–5 tuberculosis 384 cartilaginous disk persistence 571 inflammation 59–60, 63 ossification centers 1020 tuberous sclerosis 386 dens 564–5, 570–1 lucency within 4 osteoarthritis 1035 vascular of skull 384 aplasia 587 necrosis during growth 52–6 osteomyelitis 1035 calcifying tendinitis, thigh 871, 872, bicornuate 586, 595 Parisian Nomenclature of diseases osteonecrosis 1034–5 873, 874 crowned 602 5, 11–13 Paget disease 1036, 1038 calcinosis, interstitial 71 curvature determination 588 trauma 62 peroneal process prominence 1025–6 301, 302 dysplasia 587 bone cyst pseudoarticulation 1027, 1028–9 universal 71, 73 elongated 587 aneurysmal 476, 477 retrotrochlear eminence 1026 calcinosis circumscripta 71 fracture 586, 587, 594–5, 595 calcaneus 1035, 1038 secundarius 1027, 1028–31 calcium phosphate 71 fracture 586, 595 cervical spine 600, 632, 633 seronegative spondylarthritis 1036– precipitation 71, 74–5 hyperlordosis 587, 588 801 7, 1039 calcium pyrophosphate deposition hypoplasia 585, 587 lumbar vertebrae 711 spurs 1036, 1038, 1039 disease see pseudogout lateral tilting 588 801 subluxation 1033–4 calcium specks 21, 22 necrosis 598 idiopathic of 64 synostosis with navicular 1032, 1033 Caldwell—Luc operation defect 527 ossification 565, 567 simple 712 trochlear process 1020, 1021, 1022 calvarial bone 367 ossification centers 571, 572 unicameral of calcaneus 1035, 1036 tuber joint angle 1033 thickening/thinning 407 persistent synchondrosis rem- bone-in-bone appearance tuberosity avulsion 1034 calvarium 358, 359, 361 nant 595 123 tumors 1035–6, 1037, 1038 blood vessels 369–73, 397 recurvatus 587, 595 hand 38, 39 999 bone flap 397 599 bone islands 67, 117 variants 1025–32 button 397–8, 405 tertiary condyle 591 bone marrow calcific bursitis calcified atheroma 405 vertical subluxation 599 cavity loss of differentiation with hip joint 852–4 cerebral ridges 373–4 dislocations 596–8 cortex 5 peroneus tendon 1056–7 convolutional markings 373–4 dolichodens 587 infarction 36, 38 calcification increased 389, 392 fractures 592–5 871, 880, 881, 882, 883 acromioclavicular joint 287, 290 decalcification 376, 377, 378 lateral bending 573 tibia 965, 969 annulus fibrosus 721, 722, 723 density 373–4, 376, 377 os odontoideum 585, 586, 595 necrosis 258 aspergillosis 517 increased 398–9 ossiculum terminale of Bergmann bony arch fusion 562 basal ganglia 386, 387 depression 393 584, 585, 591 bony structure, unusual shape/size 5 cervical soft tissues 498, 638–41 dermoid cysts 399, 400 ossification 565, 567 Boogaard angle 431 choroid plexus 381–2 emissary vein canals 371 ossification centers 571, 572 Boogaard line 432 354 eosinophilic granuloma 400 plane 572 Bourneville—Pringle disease see costochondral 324 epidermoid cysts 399 rotation 573–5 tuberous sclerosis craniopharyngioma 455 fibrolipoma 403, 404 malalignment 575 boxer's nose 514 cysticerci 874 fibrous dysplasia 402–3 scalloping of inferior end plate 588 368, 392 diaphysis 242, 243–4 fracture 392–6 spina bifida 584 distal femur 895, 897, 898 adult 393–6 spinous process 574 fingers 34, 86 dystrophic line in bone marrow in- children 393 frictional sclerosis 603 toes 1099, 1100 farction 880 ping-pong 393 joint formation with atlas 584 brachymesophalangia 24, 85, 86 joint 234, 235 hemangioma 400, 401 spondylolysis 584 brachymetacarpia 96, 97 falx 382–3 hyperparathyroidism 376, 378, 405 subluxation 596–8 disproportional 34 globe 507 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 397, rotary 597 brachyphalangia 89 habenulae 381 400, 547 synchondrosis 567 toes 1099 hip joint ligaments/bursae/tendon meningioma en plaque 403, 404 tertiary condyle 591 brachytelephalangia 91 sheaths 852–4 metastases 373, 400, 402 transverse processes anomalies 584 breast cancer radiotherapy 281, 282, 350 491 mixed lytic/sclerotic changes 401–2 tumors 600–1 bregma 405 iliolumbar ligament 725, 758, 759 necrosis 397 unilateral irregular segmentation 590 350, 351, 888, 904 infectious intracranial 384–7 neurofibromatosis 403, 405 vertebral arch 584 911 intermetatarsal region soft-tissue nutrient canals 369–73 vertebral body anomalies 584–8 talus 1018 1084, 1085 occipital spur 373 brucellosis internal carotid artery 384, 451, 455 osteolysis 399–402 lumbar vertebrae 702 intra-articular 71, 75 osteoma 398 B sacroiliitis 754 intracerebral tumors 385 376 Buchem disease see endosteal hyper- intracranial 374 osteomyelitis 397, 441–2 Baastrup phenomenon 603 ostosis intracranial hemorrhage 385, 386 osteopetrosis 398–9 Baastrup syndrome 718–19 bursae, calcinosis circumscripta 71, intratumoral 455 376 Baker cyst 945 72–3 ischium soft tissue 803 Paget disease 373, 400, 401–2, 403 bamboo spine 704, 705 button sequestrum 397–8 joint soft-tissue 949–50 parietal foramina 373 Reiter syndrome 706 calvarium 405 lacrimal glands 510 pathological findings 375–80 Bankert lesion 297, 298 lens 507, 510 pitting atrophy 378 Barnett—Nordin index 18, 20, 47 lumbar vertebrae 720–5 plasmacytoma 400 metacarpus 94 C 169 pneumocephalus 395, 396 basal angle 431, 432 meningeal 382 radiation necrosis 397 basal ganglia calcification 386, 387 C sign 998, 1032, 1033 middle meningeal artery 412 sarcoidosis 400 basilar impression 422, 430–3 cachexia 880 mucormycosis 517 sarcomatous transformation 402 Index 1107

sclerosis 398–9 triquetrum 174–80 intervertebral disk degenerative arthritis 624 syphilis 398 tumor 131–2 calcification 639–41 fractures 626 thickness 373–4, 376, 377 zigzag deformity 128 spaces 612, 635 vacuum phenomenon 634, 637 thinning 392 cartilage calcification 71, 75 intervertebral foramina narrowing plana 621, 624, 628 trauma 393 cartilaginous multiple in 636 eosinophilic granuloma 633 tuberculous lesions 397 femur 864, 865 intervertebral 634–5 vertebra prominens 611 tumors 398–419 Catel—Manzke syndrome 26 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 629, vertebral arch vascular grooves/markings 369–73 caudal regression syndrome 740, 741 630 clefts 621, 622, 623, 625, 626 Calvé disease 628, 712 cavernous hemangioma 510 Klippel—Feil syndrome 621, 622, lateral dysplasia 621 camptodactyly 28, 29 cementum 540 623 vertebral artery Camurati—Engelmann disease 442, cephalhematoma 375 627 compression 636 443, 507 cephalocele 387–8, 410, 416, 428 lateral bending 615 elongation 601, 633 candidiasis, nasal cavity 515 frontoethmoid 508 612, 627 vertebral bodies 609, 612 140–3 ceratohyal bones 492 marginal ridges 608–9, 610 burst fractures 624 bipartite 141 cerebellar meningoencephalocele 488 639, 640 clefts 622, 623 fractures 141, 142 cerebellar suture, median 438 myositis ossificans 638–9 compression fractures 624 fusion to hamate 140, 144 cerebellopontine angle 459–64, 478, necrosis 628 eosinophilic granuloma 633 necrosis 141, 142 479 neurocentral synchondrosis fusion fusion 620, 621, 629 capitolunate angle 108 tumors 488 608 persistent epiphyseal centers 615 capitulum cerebral hemiatrophy 429, 430 normal variants 615–20 split fractures 624, 625 dislocation 229 frontal sinus 530 notochord remnant persistence teardrop fracture 624, 625 ossification center 213 cerebral veins, cortical 397 624 vertebral end plate osteochondritis dissecans 230 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nuchal ligament calcification 626, erosion 631 carcinoma, mandible 547 posttraumatic leak 533 639 sclerosis 635 carotid artery 423 rhinorrhea 470 ossification 610, 638–41 whiplash injuries 627 external 397 cervical flexion 574, 596 foci 616 cervicothoracic junction 610, 614 internal cervical lymph nodes 494 paravertebral 631 caudal/cranial variants 616 aneurysms 455, 510 cervical ribs 616, 617, 622 ossification centers 608, 615, 624 transitional vertebrae 617 calcification 384, 451, 455 cervical soft tissue calcification 498 accessory 619 Chance fracture 659 vascular grooves in sphenoid cervical spinal canal stenosis 636 osteoblastic diathesis 635 cherubism 545 sinus 535 cervical vertebrae (C1-C2) 564–604 osteochondrosis 634–5, 636, 637 chest carotid canals 423, 424, 442, 482 ankylosing spondylitis 599 osteomyelitis 628 funnel 331, 333 tumors 444 assimilation 588 632 see also ribs; carotid tubercle 611 clefts 595 Paget disease 639, 640 choanal atresia 512 carotid—cavernous fistula 510 dislocations 596–8 pediatric 608, 609, 624 choanal polyp 516 carpal angles 106–8 fibrous dysplasia 601 pedicles 610, 611 choanal stenosis 512 carpal anomaly 30 fractures 592–5 piriform recess 611 cholesteatoma carpal bones hypermobility syndrome 596 platyspondyly 621 labyrinthitis 486, 487 arcs 106 origin of segments 561 pseudodislocation 614, 627 middle 473, 474 bipartite 122–3 Paget disease 601 pseudofractures 635, 637 petrous bone 473 duplicated 123 pseudodislocation 596 pseudogaping 625 cholesterol cyst, petrous apex 489–90 fusions 122 range of motion 596 pseudospondylolisthesis 636 chondral centers 560 ossification centers 123 rheumatoid arthritis 599 range of motion 614–15 chondroblastoma carpal bossing 138, 139, 141, 142, 143 rotary fixation 597 retrolisthesis 636, 637 lumbar vertebrae 711 carpal height index 108, 109 seronegative spondylarthritis 599 rheumatoid arthritis 629, 630, 636 1053 carpal instabilities 127–8 spondylolysis 594 rima glottidis 611, 612 patella 911 classification 127 subluxations 596–8 rotation 615 proximal tibia 929, 930 carpal joint 109 transverse process persistent 636, 638 chondrocalcinosis 71, 74, 75 compartments 109–11 apophysis 595 seronegative spondylarthropathies distal 198 carpal ligaments 111–14 tuberculous spondylitis 598–9 629 distal ulna 198 carpal translation 108, 109 tumors 600–1 spinal canal 612, 613 elbow 234 index 108 see also atlas; axis stenosis 621–2, 623 knee joint 949–50 carpal tunnel 144 cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) 608–41 spinal nerve groove 610, 611, 612, metacarpals 95, 100 carpometacarpal dislocation 129 accessory bone 635, 636 613 metacarpophalangeal 59, 62 carpometacarpal fracture—dislocation achondroplasia 621 spinous processes 611, 613 proximal phalanges (fingers) 91 129 actinomycosis 629 accessory bone elements 620, sacroiliac joint 758 carpometacarpal line, M-shaped 106 ankylosing spondylitis 626, 629, 626 sesamoid bones 1091, 1092 carpus 104–83 631, 632 ankylosing spondylitis 631 triquetrum 178 accessory bones 117–22, 138, 139, ankylosis 629, 630 anomalies 618, 619, 620 chondrocranium 358, 421 141, 145–7 anomalies 620–4 avulsion fractures 626, 627 see also skull base lunate 167–8 apophyseal joints 612, 613 chronic overuse injury 626, 629 chondrodysplasia scaphoid 155–7 ankylosis 631 clefts 621, 622 metaphyseal 828, 829 triquetral 175–6, 179 facets 617 double 626, 627 metaphyseal—epiphyseal of tibia/ angles of radial articular surface fractures 626 rheumatoid arthritis 631 977, 980 105 indentation 626 sharp tapering 629 chondrodysplasia punctata 8, 54 anomalies 117–25 block vertebrae 620, 621, 623 spondylarthrosis 634, 635, 636 carpal ossification centers 123, 130 bone islands 117 bone spurs 618, 619 spondylitis 628, 629 patella 905, 907 capitate bone 140–3 bony septum 610, 611 spondylodiscitis 628 segmentation anomalies 657 CT scans 111, 114–16 calcification 638–41 621, 622 chondrodystrophia calcificans 721 cysts 131 carotid tubercle 611 spondylophytes chondroectodermal dysplasia 29 diagnostic methods 104–5 degenerative changes 634–8 hyperostotic 635, 636 of femoral head 836 dislocation 125–9 diastematomyelia 621 marginal 634 chondroma fractures 125–9 dislocations 627–8 submarginal 635, 636 articular 220, 223 fracture-dislocation 127 epiphyses 618, 626 spondylosis deformans 635, 636 cervical vertebrae 601 hamate 144–8 erosions 601, 633 stepladder effect 614 hand 63 imaging 104–5 fibrous dysplasia 633, 634 sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis proximal humerus 251, 252, 259 inflammation 130–1 flexion—extension 627, 628 629 ribs 351, 352 intercarpal dislocations 127 fractures 624–7 subluxations 627–8, 629, 630 triquetrum 176 ligament ruptures 127 ankylosing spondylitis 631 synostosis 628 chondromalacia lunate bone 164–73 hyperextension 626 syphilis 629 lunate bone 165, 173 morphometry 105–17 vertical split 625 transverse processes 610, 611, 612 patellae 883, 910 necrosis 130 gout 629 accessory processes 616 ulna 190 normal 104–17 hemispheric spondylosclerosis 635 apophyses 609, 610, 616 chondromatosis normal variants 117–25 hemivertebrae 622, 624 elongation 616 articular 223, 230, 231–2 nutrient canals 118 hemodialysis 629 persistent apophyses 616 hip 855–6 pisiform 180–3 hyperflexion 624 tubercles 616 os trigonum 1008 rheumatoid arthritis 117 hypoplasia 621 trauma 636 knee joint 945 148–63 inflammation 628–32 tuberculous spondylitis 628 shoulder joint 301, 304 subluxation 125–9 instability 631 tumors 632–4 synovial 201, 230, 231–2, 552 trapezium 132–7 criteria 628 uncinate processes 610, 611 talocrural joint 986, 988 trapezoid 137–40 interspinous distance accessory ossicles 615, 626 chondrosarcoma triangular fibrocartilage complex decrease 627 uncovertebral joints 610 femoral shaft 868, 869 111, 114 widening 625, 627 arthrosis 634, 635, 637 larynx 498 1108 Index

lumbar vertebrae 711 cochlea 478, 484 crankshaft phenomenon 778 nasal cavity 513 proximal humerus 251, 259 cochlear aqueduct 478 cretinism orbit 510 ribs 351, 352 cochlear ganglion 479 carpal bone duplication 123 skull base 455, 456 scapula 282–3 cochlear nerve 464 scaphoid fragmentary ossification diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent sternum 337 Cockayne syndrome 781 159 calcaneal fractures 1034, 1035 chordal canal, persistent 452–3, 655, disease cricoarytenoid joint 497 osteoarthropathy 1035 686 acro-osteolysis 57, 73 cricoid cartilage 493 1067–8 chordoma interstitial calcinosis 71 chondrosarcoma 498 metatarsal bones 1080–2 cervical vertebrae 600, 633, 634 collateral ligament 943 cricothyroid joint 497 toes 1101 clivus 455 lateral 944 crista galli 532 dialysis, long-term 71, 846 dorsum sellae 455 medial 935, 944 Crohn disease diaphyseal dysplasia 442, 443, 507 lumbar vertebrae 712 complex carpal instabilities 127 enteropathic spondylarthropathies diaphysis see humerus, diaphysis sacrococcygeal region 743–4 computed tomography (CT) image 706 diastematomyelia skull base 444 interpretation 2 hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 45 cervical spine 621 choroid plexus calcifications 381–2 concha bullosa 512, 531, 532 osteomyelitis of / 743 lumbar vertebrae 688, 689 CIC 127 condylar angle 431, 432 sacroiliac joint 757 thoracic spine 657, 658 CID 127 condylar canal 424, 425, 427 Cronqvist index 367, 375 6 CIND 127 condylar emissary vein 424, 427 see craniofacial Dieterich disease 53, 54 Citelli angle 466 condyle, tertiary 435, 437–8 metacarpal necrosis 98 clavicle 305–18 condylopatellar sulcus, lateral 878 cruciate ligament, anterior 941, 943–4 diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperosto- acro-osteolysis 289 connective tissue diseases of sacroil- injury 878 sis see DISH syndrome aging 305, 306 iac joint 758 cruciate ligament, posterior 941, 943, digastric line 431 anomalies 309 Conradi—Hünermann disease 53, 54 944 Dihlmann syndrome 714 aseptic necrosis 311, 312 carpal ossification centers 123, 130 cryptococcosis of nasal cavity 516 diploe 364, 368 chronic recurring multifocal osteo- iliac wing hypoplasia 781 crystal synovitis 71 lacunae 370–1 myelitis 312, 313 metacarpal necrosis 98 cubital fat pad sign 227, 228 nutrient canals 369, 370–1 complete absence 309 contour defects of phalanges (finger) 1055–9 vascular supply 441 connection with coracoid process 52, 57, 83 accessory bones 1055–6, 1058 diploic veins 370–1 271, 272 coracoacromial arch 272 anatomy 1055 diplomyelia, lumbar vertebrae 688 curvature 305, 306 coracoclavicular bursa 295 anomalies 1055–7 discitis, calcifying 640, 641, 668 dislocations 310–11 coracoclavicular joint 271, 272 fractures 1057, 1058 lumbar spine 721 duplication 309 coracoclavicular ligament 287 inflammation 1058 DISI 108 fractures 310 ossification 271, 272, 301 necrosis 1057 DISH syndrome 635, 636, 663–4, 719, infantile cortical hyperostosis 312 coracoid center, apical 263, 264 notch 1055 720, 722 inflammation 312–17 coracoid process 263, 264, 270, 271 ossification 1055 osteophytes 950 lateral hook 309 accessory bones 279 synostosis 1057 pelvic ligament ossification 768 ligament attachments 306, 307, 308 apophyseal separation 280 tumors 1058, 1059 sacrotuberal/sacrospinal ligament medial epiphysis 309 connection with clavicle 271, 272 variants 1055–7 calcification 745, 746 necrosis 311–12 epiphyseal separation 280 cuboid sign 989, 992 dissociative carpal instabilities 127 nerve canal defect 307 fractures 277, 280 cuneiform bone, intermediate 1061, 368, 391, 392 normal variants 309 coracoid tubercle 307 1066–8 Dorello's canal 449 nutrient canals 307, 314 coronal synostosis with accessory bones 1066–8 Dorsal intercalated segmental insta- ossification 305, 306 506 fractures 1067 bility 108 ossification center 305 coronoid fossa 220 ossification centers 1060, 1066 dorsum sellae 447, 448 osteitis condensans 311, 313, 314 coronoid process 218 synostosis with lateral cuneiform chordoma 455 osteolysis 289 persistent ossification center 218 998, 1066 elongatum 452 osteomyelitis 313 costal arch 355 cuneiform bone, lateral 1066–8 fractures 537 Paget disease 313, 314 costal cartilage fractures 1067 ossification center 446 pseudotumors 317 calcification 354 ossification centers 1066 osteophytes 449 regressive change 310, 311 -perichondritis 335 synostosis with intermediate pneumatization 534 subluxations 310–11 parasternal 335, 337 cuneiform 998, 1066 double-density sign 67 syphilis 313, 314 fusiform broadening 331, 332, uncinate process 1066 double spinous process sign 626, 627 tumors 317 338 cuneiform bone, medial 1060–5 Down syndrome unilateral hyperplasia 309 costochondral calcification 324 accessory bones 1062–4 accessory epiphyses 96 see also sternoclavicular joint costoclavicular joint 309 anomalies 1064 atlantoaxial displacement 598 clay shoveler's fracture 626, 627 costoclavicular ligament 306, 307, aseptic necrosis 1065 brachymesophalangia 85 cleft lip and palate 524 308 bipartite 1062 77 23, 389, 390 costotransverse joints 341 bony prominence 1062 delta phalanges (finger) 26 mandible anomaly 542 809, 810, 826 fractures 1064, 1065 frontal sinus 528 clinodactyly 24, 28, 29 joint gape 1061 lumbar vertebral bodies 686 phalanges (finger) congenital 826, 827 ossification centers 1060–1 pseudoepiphyses 23, 24 distal 77 femoral neck fracture 833 osteochondritis dissecans 1065 suture abnormalities 389 middle 85, 87 coxitis 843, 844, 845 osteophytes 1065 drug addicts, sacroiliac joint 743, 753, clinoid processes cranial fossae 365–6 variants 1062–4 754 anterior 447, 448, 450, 506 anomalies 428–39 Cupid's bow contour 678 dura 366 air cells 449 compensatory changes 429 cushion epiphysis 187, 188 dural sinuses 397 pneumatization 532 growth 421 cystic angiomatosis, tibial 959, 961 grooves 370, 392 medial 449, 450 mass effects 429 cystic fibrosis 528 pacchionian granulations 373 pneumatization 534 normal variants 428–39 cysticerci, calcified 874 dwarfism/dwarfism syndrome clivus cranial index 367 cysts mandible 543 angle 431 cranial trabeculae 360 congenital 745 osteodysplastic primordial 8 basilar processes 434, 435 cranial vault 358–9, 363, 367–419 primordial 527 dyskinetic cilia syndrome 528 chordoma 455 growth 367–8 sentinel 64 , supracondylar process 224 transverse basilar clefts 438, 439 measurement 368–74 see also specific types of cysts dysmesophalangia 24 clubbing, fingers 44, 80–1 sinus grooves 369 dysostoses thumb 91 vascular grooves 369 cleidocranial 23 , congenital 1000–1 craniocervical dysplasia 577 D Parisian Nomenclature 12 coarctation of aorta 348 craniodiaphyseal dysplasia 38, 442, dysostosis multiplex group 7 coccidiomycosis, nasal cavity 516 443, 507 dactylitis, tuberculous 60 dysplasia coccygeal vertebrae 733, 734 craniofacial dysostosis 392, 468, 506 dactylolysis, spontaneous of toes 1102 bent bone 8 coccygodynia 743, 745 craniolacunia 389 delta phalanx 87 bone density decrease/increase 9 coccyx 558, 731–46 craniometaphyseal dysplasia 38, 442, deltoid tendinitis, calcifying 243–4 congenita 7 agenesis 740 507 demineralization, patchy periarticular craniodiaphyseal 38 anatomy 733–6 craniopharyngeal canal 446, 451 47–51 craniometaphyseal 38, 442, 507 anomalies 738, 740–1 craniopharyngioma 455 dens apex 432, 433 defective mineralization 9 dislocations 743 390–2 dental cysts 527 diaphyseal 442, 443, 507 fractures 742–3 craniovertebral developmental dental fractures 543 diastrophic 6 growth 731–3 anomalies 434–5 dentin 540 dystrophic with lumbar canal nar- ossification 733 craniovertebral joints 558 dermatomyositis 71 rowing 698 osteomyelitis 743 osteoarthritis 601 dermoid cysts fibrous 38, 39 sacral apex attachment 734 range of motion 572 calvarium 399, 400 frontal 507 tumors 743–5 cranium bifidum occultum 387, 405, cerebellopontine angle 488 frontometaphyseal 507 variants 736–8 410 middle ear 476 hand 36–8 Index 1109

hereditary 27 mandible 547 falx 382–3 895, 896 Kniest—Stickler 6 thoracic vertebrae 662 Fanconi anemia 226 osteoporosis 894, 895, 897, 898 with membranous bone involve- ependymoma, sacral 745 fat strip of subdeltoid bursa 294 osteosarcoma 889 ment 8 epicondyle feet see popliteal surface 879 mixed sclerosing 38, 42, 43–4 humerus 220 femoral anteversion angle 820, 821 tumors 888–95 multiple dislocations 8 inflammation 234, 235 femoral head variants 879–80 multiple epiphyseal 53 ossification center 211, 213 anatomy 808, 809 864, 865 osteofibrous of tibia 965, 967 persistence 218, 219 aseptic necrosis 825 endosteal hyperostosis 865 spondylocostal of thoracic verte- ossifications 234, 235 avascular necrosis 840, 841–3 Erlenmeyer flask deformity 38, 864, brae 658 ulnar 220 chondrolysis 836 865 spondylometaphyseal 7 traumatic displacement 227 congenital dislocation of hip 825, fibrous dysplasia 864, 866 see also ; epidermoid cysts 66 826 fractures 868 osteodysplasia calvarium 399 CT imaging 819 pediatric 880 dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica see cerebellopontine angle 488 diaphyseal peak 804, 805 stress 866, 868 Trevor disease middle ear 476 epiphysis persistence 823 Gaucher disease 865 dystelephalangia see Kirner deformity petrous bone 488 fractures 830, 831 hyperostosis 871, 872 skull base 455, 456 idiopathic osteonecrosis 840, 841–3 hypoplasia 863–4 epidural space 365 imaging 811 Paget disease 864, 866–7 E mastoiditis 473 measurements 819–20 popliteal surface 879 epiphyseal dysplasia 7 ossification center 804 proximal Eagle syndrome 495 multiple 53 osteochondritis dissecans 837, 840 fractures 833 ear 457, 459, 460–4 tibia 921, 922 percentage covered by acetabulum measurements 819–20, 821 see also inner ear; middle ear see also Trevor disease 819 osteoporosis 833 , transient 849, 850 epiphyses Perthes disease 253, 256 stress fractures 833, 834 Edgren—Vaino sign 666, 667, 668 accessory 96 rapidly destructive hip disease 852 shaft 860–76 elbow 210–36 cone-shaped 24–6 villonodular synovitis 845 anomalies 863–7 accessory bones 220, 222 middle phalanges (finger) 85 femoral neck Ewing sarcoma 869 anomalies 217–26 toes 1096, 1097 anatomy 808, 809 fractures 868 apophyseal center 211, 229 hand 22, 23 epiphysis persistence 823 hyperparathyroidism 868, 869 bony fossa 214 ivory 52, 53, 76 femoral anteversion angle 820, 821 inflammation 868–71 calcification 234, 235 slipped capital 834, 835–6 fractures 831, 832–3 linea aspera 860, 863, 871 chondrocalcinosis 234 stippled 53, 54 stress 833 necrosis 868 dislocation 227–9 very dense 26 herniation pit 847, 848–9 nutrient canals 860, 862, 863 epicondyles 211, 213, 218, 219, 220 white 80 Looser zones 834 osteomalacia 868, 869 ossifications 234, 235 Epipyramis 176 metaphyseal chondrodysplasia 828, osteomyelitis 868, 869 epiphyseal center 211, 229 epitrapezium 157, 158 829 osteoporosis 869 fractures 227–9 epulis, mandible 547 neck—shaft angle 808, 809 permeative destruction 869, 870 inflammation 234–6 Erdheim—Chester lipoid granuloma- ossification center 804 productive cortical changes 871 loose bodies 232 tosis 400 physiological articular eminence scalloping 868, 869 myositis ossificans 235, 236 Erlenmeyer flask deformity 38, 864, 850, 851 transformation processes 869, necrosis 229–32 865 trabecular structure blurring 849, 870 normal variants 217–26 esophageal atresia 653 850 tumors 868–71 ossification centers 211–13, 229 511 tubercles 808, 810, 850, 851 variants 861, 863 multiple 227 aplasia 533 valgus deformity 865 slipped capital epiphysis 834, osteochondritis dissecans 230, 231 fractures 533 villonodular synovitis 845 835–6 osteoid osteoma 232, 233 mucocele 533–4 Wiberg sign 851 trochlear dysplasia 878–9 osteonecrosis 230, 231 perpendicular plate 531 femoral notch sign, lateral 878 trochlear groove 878 osteophytes 234, 235 pyocele 533–4 femur 804, 860–98 varus angulation 865 osteopoikilosis 232, 233 ethmoid bulla 520, 521 acquired deformities 864 see also femoral head; femoral neck radial tuberosity 214–15 ethmoid cells 520–1, 531–4 anatomy 860, 861 femur—fibula—ulna complex 863–4 subluxation 227–9 anomalies 533 bone marrow infarction 871, 881, fibro-ostosis supinator fat line 227, 228 ballooning 535 882, 883 calcaneal 1038, 1039 tumors 232–3 pneumatization 531–2 cartilaginous multiple exostosis 788 ulnar clubhand 205 size change 533 864, 865 navicular bone 1054 Ellis—van Creveld syndrome see chon- tumor 534 center—collum—diaphyseal angle pubic symphysis 801 droectodermal dysplasia variants 533 819–20 fibrocartilaginous dysplasia 922, 923 Elsberg—Dyke sign 709, 710 ethmoid labyrinth 518, 531–2 coat-hook exostosis 879, 880 fibrolipoma of calvarium 403, 404 emissary cells 465 inflammation 533–4 condyles 877, 878 fibrolipomatous hamartoma 34 emissary vein canals 371 Ewing sarcoma medial 878, 879, 885, 887 fibrolipomatous nerve enlargement EMO syndrome 44 femoral shaft 869 spontaneous osteonecrosis 885, 34 empty sella 454, 455 ilium 787 887 fibroma, nonossifying enamel 540 lumbar vertebrae 708, 712 congenital deformities 864 distal femur 890–1, 893–4 encephalocele 410, 428 ribs 351, 352 density increase 871 tibia 965, 966 enchondral ossification disorders 123 exophthalmos + myxedema preti- diaphysis ossification 860 proximal 929, 933 91 bialis + osteopathy 44 distal 875–98 fibromatosis, juvenile 545 femur external ear 459 anatomy 861, 877 fibrous dysplasia 38, 39 distal 883, 894, 895 eyebrow sign 808, 809 anomalies 879–80 calvarium 402–3 shaft 868, 869, 871, 872 eyelid, conjunctival calcification 510 bone marrow infarction 880, 881, cervical vertebrae 601, 633, 634 lumbar vertebrae 711 882, 883 clavicle 317 proximal humerus 258, 259, 260 at gastrocnemius facial bones 402–3 ribs 351 F head attachment 889, 890, femur 864, 866 toes 1103 891–2 hand 38 enchondromatosis 937, 940 calcification 895, 897, 898 lumbar vertebrae 708, 711 femur 864, 865 osteoarthritis 940 cortical irregularities 888–9 mandible 545 neck 828 facial canal 459, 482 epiphysis 875, 876, 877, 879, 880 maxillary sinus 527 Madelung deformity 124 facial nerve 457, 459, 464, 478–9 fatty replacement 894, 896 ribs 353 multiple 64, 65 neurinoma 489 fibrous metaphyseal defects 890– skull base 443, 444 proximal humerus 258 palsy 470, 487 1, 893–4 475 endochondral ossification of skull 358 petrous bone fracture 469 fractures 880, 881 tibia 966, 968 endocrine disorders 34 facial skeleton 363, 502–52 growth plates 875 fibrous metaphyseal defects endosteal hyperostosis 38, 40 ethmoid cells 531–4 inflammation 887, 888 distal femur 890–1, 893–4 femur 865 fibrous dysplasia 402–3 melorheostosis 895 fibula 930, 934 pelvis 773 frontal sinus 528–31 metaphyseal—epiphyseal frac- tibia 986, 987 van Buchem type 442 mandible 539–47 tures 880, 881 proximal 929, 933 enostoma 67, 76, 91 maxillary sinus 519–27 metaphysis 875, 876, 879 shaft 958 enostoses 67 nasal cavity 511–17 multiple densities 895, 896 fibula lumbar vertebrae 710 orbit 502–10 necrosis 880, 881, 882, 883–7 acute plastic bowing 961 entrapment syndrome, calcaneal paranasal sinuses 517–19 ossification 875, 876 anomalies 958–61 trochlea 1020 sphenoid sinus 534–8 osteochondritis dissecans 883, articular surface 918, 920 eosinophilic granuloma 283 temporomandibular joint 548–52 884–5, 886 dislocation 925, 926, 980–6 calvarium 400 zygomatic arch 538–47 osteomyelitis 887, 888, 889 distal 971–88 cervical spine 633 Fairbank disease 53, 123 osteopathia striata 895 anatomy 973–4 lumbar vertebrae 710, 712 fallopian canal see facial canal 894 inflammation 986 1110 Index

ossification center 971–2 foveolae granulares 365, 371, 373 tarsometatarsal joints 1074 osteochondritis dissecans 281 elongation 958–9 fractures temporal bone 469, 470 glenoid cavity 262, 263 fibrous metaphyseal defects 930, atlas 592–5 temporomandibular joint 550, 551 glenoid fossa 548 934 axis 592–5 thoracic spine 658–62 fractures 550 fractures 925, 961–5, 980–6 dens 586, 587, 594–5, 595 thumb 93 glenoid rim, posterior 274, 275 head 925, 926, 935, 936 bone lucency 4 tibia 918, 919, 924–6, 961–5, 971, globe hypoplastic 959 calcaneus 1031, 1033–4, 1035 980–6 calcification 507 metaphyseal—epiphyseal calvarium 392–6 toes 1101 posterior margin 519 chondrodysplasia 977, 980 capitate bone 141, 142 trapezium 132–6 glomus tumors 66 notch 973 carpus 125–9 trapezoid 138–40 carotid canals 444 nutrient canals 953, 954–7, 961, cervical vertebrae (C1-C2) 592–5 tripod 524–5 coccyx 745 962, 964 cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) 624–7, triquetrum 174–9 distal phalanges (finger) 84 ossicle 971, 972 631 ulna 205 middle ear 475–6 osteomyelitis 986 Chance 659 distal 177, 194–7 gout 64 persistent apophyses 921 clavicle 310 head 197 achillobursitis defect 1038 proximal 914–36 coccyx 742–3 uncovertebral joints 626 cervical spine 629 epiphysis 915, 921 coracoid process 277, 280 zygomatic arch 538 interphalangeal joint 1083 ossification 935, 936 cuboid bone 1057, 1058 zygomaticomaxillary 524–5 metatarsal bones 1082, 1083 villonodular synovitis 935 cuneiform bone Franceschetti—Zwahlen syndrome navicular bone 1054 pustulotic arthro-osteitis 959, 966, intermediate 1067 542 patella 911 970 lateral 1067 Freiberg disease 1079–80 pseudotumorous 66 shaft 953–70 medial 1064, 1065 Friedrich disease 311, 312 temporomandibular joint 551 anatomy 953, 954–7 dental 543 405–7 gracilis syndrome 798, 801, 802 ossification centers 953 diaphysis 242 dysplasia 507 gracilis tubercles 794, 801 subluxation 925, 926, 980–6 dorsum sellae 537 ossification 405 Gradenigo syndrome 471–2 synostosis 958 elbow 227–9 osteomyelitis 442 gray cortex 5, 21 tumors 986, 987 ethmoid bone 533 frontal emissary vein 405, 407 Grisel syndrome 598 variants 921, 958–61, 975–80 femur 868 frontal notch 502 groin crease 810 fibulotalar ligament distal 880, 881 frontal sinus 518, 528–31 ground-glass phenomenon 47 anterior 986 pediatric 880 anomalies 528, 530 Gruber ossicle 141 posterior 983 stress 866, 868 cerebral hemiatrophy 530 guitar-player's fingers 82 fingers fibula 925, 961–5, 980–6 development 528 axial deviations 28–9 forearm 204, 205 fractures 530 clubbing 44, 80–1 frontal sinus 530 hyperpneumatization 530 H disproportionately long/short 34 Frykman classification 126, 196 inflammation 530 see also clubbing, fingers; glenoid fossa 550 mucocele 530 habenular calcification 381 phalanges (finger) hamate 144–7 normal variants 528, 529 Haglund groove 905 fissula ante fenestrum 488 hand 52 osteoma 511 Haglund heel 1038 flatfoot deformity 998, 999, 1057 hangman 593–4 osteomyelitis 531 Hahn cleft 645, 649, 675 fluorosis 38, 709 humerus 242 pneumosinus dilatans 528, 529 remnants 675, 677 pelvic ligament ossification 768 distal 227, 228 polypous densities 531 Haller cells 520–1 pelvis 773 head 254 pyocele 530 hallux abductus interphalangeus fontanelles 359, 364, 368 proximal 254, 255, 256 septa 528, 529 1099 glabellar 405 hyoid bone 497 supraorbital recess 528 hallux rigidus 1073, 1074 mastoid 411 ilium 781–4 tumor 531 hallux valgus 1073 metopic 405 ischium 796–7 frontal sinusitis 530 deformity 3 sphenoidal 411 Jones 1074, 1075, 1076 frontal squama 528, 529 sesamoid dislocation 1093 fonticular bones 369 larynx 497 frontal suture, premature closure 405 sesamoid fractures 1073, 1090 foot 989–1103 lesser trochanter 834 frontoethmoid, cephalocele 508 hallux varus, congenital 1074 accessory bones 993–6, 999 lumbar vertebrae 699, 710 frontometaphyseal dysplasia 507 hamate 144–8 anatomy 989–93 lunate bone 166, 167–9 frontonasal suture 405, 406 148 anomalies 997–1001 malleolus 980, 981, 982 frostbite 80 coalition with capitate 140, 144 arches 989, 990 mandible 543 hand 54, 55 fractures 144–7 bony injuries 997 mandibular condyle 550 fungal infections hook 144, 145, 146 calcaneus 1020–39 manubriosternal synchondrosis 334 intraspinal abscesses 599 hamatolunate impaction syndrome cuboid bone 1055–9 525 nasal cavity 515–16 165 cuneiform bone maxillary sinus 524–5 funnel chest 331, 333 hand 16–104 intermediate 1060, 1061, 1066–8 metacarpals 97–8 anomalies 22–51 lateral 1066–8 metatarsal bones 1074–8 bone density increase 38, 39 medial 1060–5 midfacial Le Fort classification 508, G cyst-like lucencies 64 deformities 999–1001, 1099, 1100 509, 514, 533 degenerative changes 69–70 navicular bone 1011, 1032, 1033, nasal bone 514 Galeazzi fracture—dislocation 126, dysplastic structural changes 36–8 1041–54 navicular bone 1051, 1052 205 epiphyseal plates 23 proliferative changes 1102–3 440–1 Gamut lists 5 epiphyses 22, 23 shaggy 1054 occipital condyles 440, 441 ganglion cyst, shoulder joint 283, 284 Fanconi anemia 226 talus 1002–19 orbit 508–9 gastrocnemius muscle, bone resorp- fibrous dysplasia 38, 39 toes 1094–103 os peroneum 1056, 1057 tion at attachment of heads fractures 52 variants 993–7 palatoalveolar 524 889, 890, 891–2 frostbite 54, 55 soft-tissue 1001 patella 905, 908–9 Gaucher disease 545 gigantism 34 see also metatarsal bones; petrous bone 469–70, 486 femur 865 hyperostosis 38, 39 phalanges (toe); sesamoid phalanges (finger) lumbar vertebrae 678 joint inflammation 57–9, 60, 61–2 bones; talocrural joint distal 78–9 915 linear lucencies 21–2 foramen lacerum 423, 442 middle 87 915 metacarpus 16–75 foramen magnum 359, 363 proximal 90 giant cell granuloma, reparative 66 normal radiographic appearance anomalies 438 ping-pong 393 giant cell tumor 64, 91 16, 18–19 clivus angle 431 pisiform 182–3 cervical spine 633 normal variants 22–51 line 432, 572, 573 pubic symphysis 796–7 lumbar vertebrae 711 ossification 16, 17 os suboccipitale 592 pubis 796–7 patella 911 phalanges 16–75 foramen ovale 422–3 radius 205 proximal humerus 251, 259 29–34 foramen rotundum 522 distal 194–7 proximal tibia 929, 930 proliferative changes 1102–3 forearm ribs 348–9 ribs 352 pseudoepiphyses 23–4 acute plastic bowing 204 sacroiliac joint 751, 752, 767 sacrum 744 radiographic technique 91 anomalies 204–5 sacrum 741–3, 767 gigantism 34 sarcoidosis 40, 41, 42 deformities 205 scaphoid bone 152–8, 159, 160 Gilula lines 127 skeletal malformations 22–51 diaphysis 202–8 scapula 276–80 glenohumeral joint soft-tissue calcification 71–5 fractures 205 sella turcica 453, 537 capsule openings 296 28 greenstick 204 sesamoid bones 52, 93, 94, 1089–90 dislocation 297, 298 tumors 63–9 inflammation 206–7 hallux valgus 1073, 1090 osteoarthritis 299 see also clubbing, fingers; fingers; necrosis 206 skull 392–6 glenohumeral ligament 292, 293, 295 phalanges (finger) normal variants 204–5 base 440–1 glenoid Hand—Schüller—Christian disease see also elbow; radius; radius, dis- sphenoid sinus 453, 537 dysplasia 274, 276 400 tal; ulna; ulna, distal sternum 334, 335 humeral head relationship 248 Harris lines 958, 962, 973 Forestier disease see DISH syndrome talus 1006, 1009, 1013–15 labrum 292, 293, 295 Hart syndrome 507 Index 1111

Haversian canals 21 transient osteoporosis 843, 849–50 lesser cornu 492, 493 supraspinatus 278 head, flexion—extension 572, 573 Trevor disease 855–6 necrosis 497 inca bone 365 hemangioma tumors 845–9 hyperlordosis incisive canal 513 calvarium 400, 401 variants 821–4 axis dens 587, 588 457 cavernous 510 Wiberg sign 851 lumbar vertebrae 719 infantile cortical hyperostosis of cervical vertebrae 633 see also acetabulum; femoral head; hypermobility syndrome 596 clavicle 312 knee joint 946 femoral neck hyperostosis inflammation lumbar vertebrae 707, 711–12 Hirschsprung disease 653 calvaria diffusa 378 bone 59–60, 63 mandible 546 histoplasmosis, nasal cavity 516 frontalis interna 20, 378, 379 joint 57–9, 60, 61–2 nasal cavity 516 Holt—Oram syndrome 26 hand 38, 39 infraorbital canal 506 hemangiomatosis forearm 204 infantile cortical 542–3 infraorbital foramen 502, 505, 506 Gorham—Stout 546 lateral clavicle hook 309 multiple 759 infraorbital recess 519 lumbar vertebrae 712 os centrale carpi 157 triangularis ilii 785, 786 inner ear 457, 459–64, 477–90 mandible 546 housemaid's knee 950 hyperparathyroidism 20, 71 aplasia 484 hematoma humeral notch, upper 238, 258 acro-osteolysis 81, 88 dysplasia 485 calcified 725 humeroradial joint 215, 217 bone mineral density loss 47, 48 malformations 484 subperiosteal of femoral shaft 871 humeroscapular periarthritis 299 bone resorption 208 vestibule 478 hemifacial—microsomia syndrome humeroulnar joint 215 brown tumors 64, 65, 88 innominate line 502 468, 542 humerus calvarium 376, 378, 405 intercalary bones 364–5, 369 hemimetameric segmentation deltoid tuberosity 239–40, 241 femoral shaft changes 868, 869 intermetatarsal region 1069 anomaly 656 diaphysis 238–44 intervertebral disk calcification 639 soft-tissue calcification 1084, 1085 hemivertebrae fracture 242 mandible 547 spaces 1070 cervical 622, 624 inflammation 242, 243 middle phalanges (finger) 88 International Classification of Osteo- sacral 740 longitudinally bracketed 26 sacroiliac joint 758 chondrodysplasia (1992) 5, hemochromatosis 71 nutrient canal 239 secondary 48 6–10 intervertebral disk calcification 639 soft-tissue calcifications 242, 391–2, 506 interparietal bone 414, 415, 421 metacarpals 100, 102 243–4 hyperthyroidism 78 interphalangeal joint hemodialysis 66 tumors 242 hypervitaminosis A 603 aplasia 27–8 cervical spine 629 distal hypervitaminosis D 772 dislocation 1090 interstitial calcinosis 772 fractures 227, 228 dense distal femoral metaphyses distal 76, 77 2-microglobulin amyloid deposits lateral border 217 879 gout 1083 131 shape 215, 216 698 hypoplasia 27–8 hemophilia endosteal cortical notch 239, 242 hypoglossal canal 424, 425, 426 proximal 79 distal femoral epiphysis 879, 880 epicondyle 220 subdivision 435 intersphenoidal synchondrosis 446, 451 periarticular epiphysis deformity greater tuberosity 4 hypoglossal nerve foramen 423–4, intervertebral disks 558 225, 226 head 245 425, 426 calcification 639–41 tibiotalar tilt 979 avascular necrosis 253, 256 hypoparathyroidism 879 lumbar vertebrae 720–2, 723, 724 hemopoietic hyperplasia of ribs 352 deformity 253 390 sacrococcygeal region 745 hemosiderosis 71 fractures 254 hypoplasia, hereditary 27 cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) hemotympanum 470 glenoid relationship 248 hypothyroidism 828 calcification 639–41 hereditary optic atrophy 507 metaphyseal calcifications 248 accessory epiphyses 96 spaces 612, 635 herniation pit 846, 847, 848–9 necrosis 253, 254, 256–8, 303 congenital osteopenia 47 lumbar vertebrae herpes zoster oticus 487 osteoarthritis 258 dense distal femoral metaphyses calcification 720–2, 722, 723, 724 heterotopic ossification see myositis osteochondritis dissecans 258 879 height 701, 710 ossificans radiographic morphology 245, pseudoepiphyses 23 narrowing 700 Hill—Sachs lesion 254, 255, 297, 298 249 sella turcica 453 ossification 722 hindfoot coalition 997–8 retroversion 254 hypotonia 686 space 674 hip joint 804–56 syringomyelia 254, 258 sacral vertebrae 732–3 acetabular angle 816 trabecular architecture 250 sacrococcygeal 745 anatomy 806–15 hypoplasia of trochlea 225 I spaces Andrén view 815, 816 lucencies 239, 241 in cervical spine 612, 635 anomalies 824–9 medial epicondyle 217 iliac crest 778 in sacrum 732 syndrome association 828 metaphyseal cortical irregularities spiny contour 780 intervertebral foramen 558 articular chondromatosis 855–6 238 iliac horns 780–1 intracranial hemorrhage, calcification beta angle of Zsernaviczky and Türk nutrient canals 242 iliac spine 385, 386 816, 817 osteomyelitis 243 anterior inferior 778–9 intracranial pressure 429 calcific bursitis 852–4 proximal 245–60 avulsion fractures 781, 782, 783 orbital tumors 510 calcification of ligaments/bursae/ anomalies 253–4 iliac wing hypoplasia 781 skull base tumors 442 tendon sheaths 852–4 bone marrow necrosis 248, 258 ilioischial plate 813 intraosseous ganglion 66, 67 capsular structures 810 cortical irregularities 258, 259 iliolumbar ligament see also synovial cyst, subchondral congenital dislocation 825, 826 fracture patterns 254, 255, 256 calcification 725, 758, 759 intrasegmental gaps 559 decentering sign 851 fracture—dislocations 256 ossification 722, 759, 770 intrauterine lie, abnormal 410 dislocation 825, 826, 829–36 greater tuberosity 245, 248, 249, ilium 778–88 ischiopubic osteochondrosis 798 traumatic 830, 831–3 256 acetabula 780 ischiopubic plate 813 dysplasia 813 growth plate 245, 246–7 anomalies 780–1 ischiopubic synchondrosis 789 adults 825, 826, 827–8 inflammation 249, 259 apophyses 778 anomalies 791, 792–4 femur—iliac angle of Grossman 817 intertubercular sulcus 249 fibro-ostosis 788 persistent open 794, 796 fractures 829–36 juvenile bone cysts 259 fractures 781–4 pseudotumors 801 herniation pit 846, 847, 848–9 lesser tuberosity 245, 248, 249, growth 778–80 variants 791, 792–4 Hilgrenreiner line 815, 816 256 hyperostosis triangularis ilii 785, ischium 789–803 inflammation 843–4 lucent area 250–1, 258 786 anomalies 791, 794–5 irritable 843, 844 necrosis 253, 258 inflammation 785–6 apophyses 790 Kopits parallelogram 816, 817 Neer classification for fractures insufficiency fractures 782, 784 atypias 798, 799 linear lucencies 810, 811 254, 256 intraosseous pneumatocysts 787 bony processes 794 loose bodies 855, 856 normal variants 253–4 Looser zones 775, 782, 784 calcific bursitis 803 measurements ossification center 245 melorheostosis 785 fractures 796–7 after puberty 817–18 osteolysis 251 necrosis 785 inflammation 799, 801 children 815–17 rarefaction area 250–1, 258 normal variants 780–1 melorheostosis 801, 802 Ménard—Shanton line 816 shape 254 nutrient canal 779, 780, 782, 784 multicentric bony elements 791, 794 2-microglobulin arthropathy 846 tumors 251–2, 258–9, 260 ossification center 778 ossification centers 790 myositis ossificans 852 proximal diaphyseal—metaphyseal osteomalacia 782, 784 osteomalacia 797 necrosis 836–43 junction 238 osteoporosis 784 soft tissue calcification 803 Ombrédanne line 815, 816 structural irregularities 240, 241 Paget disease 786 traumatic apophysiolysis 796 osteoarthritis 809, 850–1 surface anatomy 239–40, 241 paraglenoid sulcus 781 tumors 801, 802 osteonecrosis trauma 242 preauricular notch 781 unilateral hypoplasia 795 adults 839–43 varus 253 pseudotumors 787 variants 791, 794–5 children/adolescents 836–9 congenital 253, 254 radiation necrosis 785 Perthes disease 837–9 hyoid bone 490–8 reactive sclerosis 776, 785 plaque sign 850, 851 anatomy 492, 493 tumors 787 J rapidly destructive disease 852 calcification 491 impingement syndrome 245 space width 810 development 490–1 calcaneal trochlea 1020 Jaffe—Lichtenstein disease see fibrous subluxation 825, 826, 829–36 fractures 497 rotator cuff 272, 276, 296–7 dysplasia transient edema 849, 850 greater cornu 496, 497 shoulder dislocation differential di- joints agnosis 299 erosion in hand 57, 58 1112 Index

inflammation 57–9, 60, 61–2 development 477 dysplasia 697 Scheuermann disease 710, 716 1074, 1075, 1076 inflammation 486–7 frictional sclerosis 718, 719 Schmorl nodes 716–17 jugular bulb, high 465, 466, 467, 468, ossification 478 hypoplasia 697, 708 scoliosis 688, 710, 720, 725 484 vestibule 478, 479 notches 680, 683 scotty dog sign of Lachapel 676, jugular tubercles 444 labyrinthitis 486–7 persistence of apophyses 680 691–2 jugum sphenoidale 445 cholesteatoma 486, 487 biconvex 687 segmental instability 696 junction cells 536, 537 end-stage 487 blocking 685, 701–2, 723 seronegative spondylarthritis 702 hematogenous 486, 487 bone-in-bone appearance 675 spina bifida 688, 689, 708 meningogenic 486–7 bony exostoses 680, 681 spinal canal width 673–4 K ossificans 487 brucellosis 702 spinous processes 674 posttraumatic 486, 487 calcification 720–5 ankylosing spondylitis 702 Kager triangle 1001, 1034 tympanogenic 486 cartilaginous exostoses 680, 681 apophyses 673 Kartagener syndrome 528 lacrimal fossa 502 chordal canal spondylarthrosis deformans 714–15 Kashin—Beck disease 54, 56, 80 lacrimal gland calcification 510 narrowing 697–8, 699 spondylitis 701–6 metacarpal necrosis 98 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 283 persistent 655, 686 spondylodiscitis 700–1, 710 wrist 130 calvarium 397, 400, 547 coronal cleft 684–6 spondylolisthesis 691, 694–6 keratoderma, mutilating palmoplan- clavicle 317 costal processes 672, 673 spondylolysis 680, 683, 690–1, 692, tar 81 mandible 547 bony bridges 678, 679 693, 694 Kerckring process 435, 437 petrous bone 489, 490 costotransverse foramina 679 vertebral arch sclerosis 708 Kienböck disease see lunate bone, ribs 354 costovertebral joints 702 spondyloretrolisthesis 694, 715, 716 necrosis sella turcica 454 degenerative changes 713–25 styloid process 680 Kirner deformity 77, 78 large vestibular aqueduct syndrome diastematomyelia 688, 689 subluxation 699 Klaus height index 432 485 diplomyelia 688 supernumerary ossicles 680, 682 Klein sign 834, 835 Larssen syndrome 598 dislocation 699 transverse processes 675 Klinefelter syndrome 47 larynx 490–8 dysraphism 688 costotransverse foramina 679 Klippel—Feil syndrome air 625 enostosis 710 trauma 678, 679 cervical spine 621, 622, 623, 629 development 490–1 eosinophilic granuloma 710, 712 tuberculosis 700, 702 lumbar canal narrowing 698 fractures 497 epiphyseal ring 675 tuberous sclerosis 708 split atlas 579 inflammation 497 fibrous dysplasia 708, 711 tumors 706–12 Sprengel deformity 274 necrosis 497 fifth 672 underdevelopment 686 thoracic spine 657 polychondritis 497 fish vertebrae 661 vacuum phenomenon 710, 714, 715 knee joint 900, 901, 937–51 tuberculosis 497 flexion—extension 677 vertebra plana 710, 712 anatomy 937–40 tumors 498 foraminal spur 680 vertebral arches 674 arthritic change 951 lead poisoning, dense distal femoral fractures 699 ankylosing spondylitis 702 Baker cyst 945 metaphyses 879 pathological 710 anomalies 687–90 bursae 950 Leber disease 507 gouty osteoarthropathy 702 clefts 688–90, 691 chondrocalcinosis 949–50 Legg—Calvé—Perthes disease see Per- growth 672–3 dysplasia 683, 692, 693, 694, 697 chronic anterior 908, 916, 921 thes disease recovery lines 675 pars interarticularis 690, 691 fabella 937, 940 lens calcification 507, 510 hematogenous infection 700 vertebral bodies 674, 675 fracture—dislocations 924–5 leprosy, acro-osteolysis 82 hemispheric spondylosclerosis 714 Andersson lesions 702 gender differences 937 leptomeninges 366 hemivertebrae 685 anomalies 684–7 increased traction phenomena 950–1 Leri—Weill syndrome 124 hyperlordosis 719 cortical thickening 709 infrapatellar fat pad 950 leukemia 879 inflammation 700–6 Cupid's bow contour 678 ligaments 943–4 ligamentum flavum ossification 680 interspinous distance narrowing end plate concavity 678 masses 945–8 limbus vertebra 717 718–19 end plate thinning 700, 701 melorheostosis 947, 948 linea aspera 4 intervertebral bony bars 680 enlargement 710 meniscal cysts 942, 943 femoral shaft 871 intervertebral disks Hahn cleft 675, 677 meniscal ossicle 942–3 linear lucencies, hand 21–2 calcification 720–2, 722, 723, 724 height variation 686, 709, 723 menisci 937–8, 940–3 lipoid proteinosis 453 height 701, 710 malignant collapse 710 calcification 949 lipoma narrowing 700 notches 678 degenerative changes 940–4 calcaneus 1035, 1037 ossification 722 notochordal remnants 686 discoid 942, 943 lumbar vertebrae 712 space 674 osteosclerosis 706 tears 941, 942 nasal cavity 516 intervertebral foramina 674, 675 persistent apophyses 677, 678 Wrisberg type 942 longitudinal ligament joint space asymmetries 694, 697 scalloping 687, 688, 710 normal 878 anterior 635, 636, 664 lateral bending 677 sclerosis 701–2, 706–9 osteoarthritis 950, 951 posterior 631, 638, 664, 666, 722 limbus vertebra 717 vertical trabeculation 709 osteonecrosis 885, 887 longus colli muscle, calcifying tendin- lumbar ribs 673 lumbosacral angle 676 osteophytes 950, 951 itis 603, 604 meningocele 688 lumbosacral junction 676 pain Looser zones 205 metastases 709, 710 assimilation tendency 681, 683 meniscal ossicle 942–3 femoral neck 834 multiple myeloma 709, 712 lumbarization 681, 684 nonspecific in child 4 ilium 775, 782, 784 myelomeningocele 688 sacralization 681, 684 pseudogout 949 lesser trochanter 834 necrosis 700 transitional vertebrae 681, 683, 684 rheumatoid arthritis 951 pubis 796 neurocentral synchondrosis 672 variants 680–1, 683–4 soft-tissue calcifications 949–50 scapula 280 normal variants 677–84 lunate bone 164–73 synovial joint capsule 944 tibia 926 origin of segments 561 anomalies 165–6 synovial plicae 944 lordosis ossification 720–5 aplasia 150 transient cortical irregularity 4 cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) 612, 627 osteochondrosis 701, 713–14, 724 bipartite 164 trauma 919, 949 see also hyperlordosis osteomyelitis 702 calcification 169 tumors 945, 948 lower extremity see femur; fibula; osteopetrosis 707 chondromalacia 165, 173 vacuum phenomenon 937, 939 foot; patella; talocrural joint; osteophytes 704 dislocations 167–9 valgus deformity 935 tibia osteoporosis 709 enlarged bulky 30 villonodular synovitis 945, 946, 947 Ludloff's fleck 876, 877 Paget disease 708, 709 fractures 166, 167–9 Kniest—Stickler dysplasia 6 lumbar ribs 653, 654, 673, 680–1 paravertebral calcification 722, 725 fusion with triquetrum 174 Knutsson sign 665 pelvic digit differential diagnosis paravertebral ossification 704–6 inflammation 173 Köhler disease 1051, 1053 770 pedicles 671 necrosis 169–73 Köhler II disease 1079–80 lumbar sympathetic blockade 700 destruction 709, 710 radiological stages 170, 171 Köhler—Stieda—Pellegrini shadows lumbar vertebrae 558, 671–725 persistent apophyses 699 regression 171 895, 898 accessory processes 672, 680 posture 676–7, 720 normal variants 165–6 Kosowicz method for metacarpal accessory ribs 680–1 promontory angle 676 nutrient canals 164 length 17, 20, 96 anatomy 671–2, 673–6 pseudoretrolisthesis 675 ossification center 164 Kümmel—Verneuil disease 628, 662, ankylosing spondylitis 702 pseudospondylolisthesis 694, 695, osteonecrosis 164 710 anomalies 684–99 696, 715–16 separate articulation with hamate kyphosis congenital 679 pseudospondylosis 675, 692 bone 165 cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) 627 apophyseal joints 671–2 psoriatic arthritis 704, 705 separate joint facet 144 thoracic vertebrae 651, 652, 656, ankylosing spondylitis 702, 704 688 subchondral changes 173 663, 664, 666 asymmetry 708 range of motion 676–7 tumors 173 malalignment 697 renal 707 ulnar impaction syndrome 191 spaces 673, 675 rheumatoid arthritis 702 lunatomalacia see lunate bone, necro- L 672 riblike processes 679 sis accessory ossicles 680, 683 ribs 653, 654 lunotriquetral dissociation 129 labyrinthine capsule 360 aplasia 697, 698, 708 rotatory slippage 720 lunotriquetral fusion 122, 165 anatomy 478–82 clefts 680, 693 salmonellosis 702 lymphangioma, lumbar vertebrae 712 aplasia 484 duplicated superior 680 sarcoidosis 708 lymphangiomatosis, lumbar verte- brae 712 Index 1113

lymphoma osteophytes 338 exostoses 95 tumors 1084 hair-on-end appearance 380 physiological sclerosis 338 fractures 97–8 variants 1071–2 ilium 787 manubrium 321–2 inflammation 100–2 metatarsophalangeal joint lumbar vertebrae 708, 712 examination techniques 323–6 necrosis 98–9 dislocation 1100 orbit 510 ossification centers 320 normal variants 96–7 involution 1100 proximal tibia 930, 934 Srb anomaly 343, 345 nutrient canals 21, 95–6 pain 3–4 ribs 351, 352 marble see osteopetrosis pathological conditions 16, 20 rheumatoid arthritis 1082, 1083 white tibial epiphysis 928 Marfan syndrome shortening 38 subluxation 1100 arachnodactyly 34 tumors 100 metatarsosesamoid articulations 1087 frontal sinus 528 metacarpus 16–75, 94–102 metatarsus primus varus 1073 M funnel chest 331 adulthood 16–22 metatarsus varus, congenital 1073 marginal cells 465 growth 16 metatropic dysplasia 6 Mach band phenomenon 2, 4, 79, 202 Maroteaux—Lamy syndrome 543 ossification 16 Michel deformity 484 dens fractures 595 mastoid emissary vein 467 metaphyseal dysplasia 38, 443, 507 microcephaly 375 femoral fractures 880 mastoid process 457, 464 axial deviations 29 microcranium 375 hip osteoarthritis 850 avulsion 470 brachyrachia 8 2-microglobulin deposits lumbar vertebrae 675 pneumatization 464, 465 metaphyseal ring 187 amyloid 64, 65 ribs 348, 349 see also air cells metaphyses 23 hemodialysis 131 scapula 276 mastoiditis 471, 473 metastases hip joint 846 375 maxilla 360–1 calvarium 373, 400, 402 scaphoid bone 65, 162 macrocranium 375 alveolar recess 522 carcinoma in distal phalanx 84 microphalangia 26 macrodactylia lipomatosa 34 fractures 525 cervical vertebrae 601, 633 microsella 453 Madelung deformity 37, 124, 125 hypoplasia 506 clavicle 317 microtia 468 lunate 165, 169 maxillary antrum 521 femoral shaft 868, 869, 871 mid-subtalar joint coalition 998, 999 negative ulnar variance 190 maxillary sinus 518, 519–27 hip joint 845 midcarpal instability 129 pseudo-Madelung deformity differ- air cells 520–1 ilium 787 middle ear 457, 464–77 ential diagnosis 194 anomalies 524 ischium 801 cavity absence 468 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) chronic inflammatory processes lumbar vertebrae 708, 709, 710, 712 cholesteatoma 473, 474 bony element on end of acromion 3 527 mandible 547 dermoids 476 normal variants 2 development 519 orbit 510 epidermoids 476 malignant fibrous histiocytoma 712 fibrous dysplasia 527 ossification 52 glomus tumors 475–6 malleolus fractures 524–5 osteolytic 64, 400 inflammation 471–2 accessory elements 975, 978 hypoplasia 523 osteosclerotic 706 malignancy 475 apophysis 972 inflammation 525–7 patella 911 mucosal changes 471 fossa 977 mucocele 526 pubis 801 mucosal tears 470 fractures 980, 981, 982 mucormycosis 515 sacrum 745 septa 468 ossification 975, 976 normal variants 523–4 scaphoid bone 163 tumors 476 ossification centers 971, 972 ostium 521 sternum 338 midtarsal joint injuries 1051 mallet finger 78–9 polyps 526 metastyloid bone 138 Milwaukee shoulder 258 457 pyocele 526 metatarsal bones 1069–85 modiolus 478 malum suboccipitale 598 reactive sclerosis 527 accessory 1071–2 Mondini malformation 484 mamillary process 680 septa 523 adducted position 1069 Morgagni syndrome 20, 76 anomalous development 653 tumors 527 anatomy 1069–71 Morgagni—Stewart—Morel syndrome mandible 360–1, 539–47 Wegener granulomatosis 515, 527 brachymetatarsia 1073 378 alveolar crest atrophy 539 maxillary sinusitis 525–6 deformities 1073–4 mucocele alveolar process fracture 543 maxillonasal dysplasia 524 diabetic osteoarthropathy 1080–2 ethmoid bone 533–4 anatomy 540 McGregor line 431 dislocation 1074–8 frontal sinus 530 anomalies 541–3 McRae line 432 endosteal bone formation 1078 maxillary sinus 526 bite abnormalities 550 Meckel cartilage 360 epiphyseal centers 1069, 1071 sphenoid sinus 455, 537 coronoid process widening 547 melorheostosis 44 epiphyseal fusion 1069 mucolipidosis 96 development 539 cervical spine 639, 640 first mucopolysaccharidosis 96, 124 duplication of condylar process 549 distal femur 895 dislocation 1074 atlantoaxial displacement 598 dwarfism syndrome 543 femoral shaft 871, 872 stress fractures 1077 nasal bone congenital hypoplasia eosinophilic granuloma 547 ilium 785 fourth 513 fibrous dysplasia 545 ischium 801, 802 calcaneocuboid coalition 1032, short ulna 194 follicular cyst 546 knee joint 947, 948 1033 type VI 543 fractures 543 mandible 545 fractures 1077 mucormycosis hypoplasia 542, 549 metatarsal bones 1078, 1084 sagging of head 999 calcification 517 inflammation 544–5 proximal tibia 934 fifth maxillary sinus 515 juvenile fibromatosis 545 ribs 350, 351 persistent apophysis of tuberos- nasal cavity 515, 517, 527 melorheostosis 545 tibia 959, 960 ity 1072, 1076 Müller sign 664, 666 necrosis 544 Ménière disease 485 transverse fracture 1074, 1075, multiple exostosis disease of femur normal variants 541–3 meningeal artery, middle, groove 412, 1076 864, 865 nutrient canals 541 414 tuberosity 1069, 1070 multiple myeloma odontoma 546 meningeal calcification 382 fractures 1074–8 lumbar vertebrae 709, 712 osteitis 544, 545 meningeal vessels 397 stress 1076, 1077–8 sternum 337 osteoma 546–7, 550 grooves 370, 412, 414 gout 1082, 1083 thoracic vertebrae 660 osteomyelitis 544, 545 meningioma 476 hallux valgus 1073 myeloma, lumbar vertebrae 708 osteopetrosis 543, 545 cerebellopontine 488 hallux varus 1074 myelomeningocele Paget disease 545 en plaque 388, 403, 404 hypertrophic osteoarthropathy lumbar vertebrae 688 rickets 547 frontal sinus 531 1084 thoracic spine 657 tumor 545–7 nasal cavity 516 inflammation 1082–3 mylohyoid line 540 mandibular canal 540 optic sheath 455, 510 joint spaces 1070 myositis ossificans 4, 301 bifid 541 orbit 510 melorheostosis 1078, 1084 elbow 235, 236 mandibular condyle 548 meningitis, tuberculous 384 nutrient canals 1071, 1078 femoral shaft 873, 874 articular disk displacement 550 meningo-orbital foramen 506 ossification centers 1069 hip joint 852 fractures 550 meningocele 428 osteoarthritis 1080, 1082, 1083 lumbar vertebrae 678, 722, 725 hyperplasia 552 lumbar vertebrae 688 osteonecrosis 1079–82 progressiva 639 hypoplasia 549 meningoencephalocele 387, 388, 474 periosteal bone formation 1078, traumatica 638–9 osteophytes 552 cerebellar 488 1082 mandibular tori 546–7 nasal cavity 513 reflex sympathetic dystrophy 1084, mandibulofacial dysostosis 468, 542 orbit 508 1085 N manubrioclavicular joint transsphenoidal 451 Reiter syndrome 1082 bacterial arthritis 313 mental foramen 540, 541 rheumatoid arthritis 1082, 1083 nail—patella syndrome 225, 906, 907 osteoarthritis 311 mental spine 540, 541 second iliac horns 780–1 manubriosternal synchondrosis 324, mental tubercle 540 stress fractures 1077, 1078 nails, watchglass 44 329 mermaid syndrome 740 subluxation 1075, 1076 nasal alae 522 accessory bone elements 330 mesomelic dysplasias 8 sesamoid bony fusion 1088, 1089 nasal bone arthritis 335, 336 metacarpal sign 20 shortening 38 congenital hypoplasia 513 degenerative changes 338 metacarpals 94–102 subluxation 1074–8 fractures 514 fracture 334 anomalies 96–7 synostosis 33 nasal cavity 511–17 inflammation 335–6 calcium specks 21, 22 tarsal coalitions 999, 1073, 1099 anomalies 512–13 necrosis 334 chondrocalcinosis 95 third 1076 dermoid cysts 513 1114 Index

foreign body 512, 517 nucleus pulposus 558 os epipyramis 175, 178 radioulnar joint 200, 201 fungal infections 515–16 calcification 640, 668, 721, 722 os epitriquetrum 175 ribs 354 inflammation 514–16 precursors 560 os hamuli proprium 145, 146 sacroiliac joint 758 meningoencephalocele 513 os hypolunatum 167 sesamoid bones 1091, 1092, 1093 normal variants 512, 513 os incae 405, 1064 sternoclavicular 318 tumor 516–17 O os infracoracoideum 263 talonavicular joint 1005 nasal polyposis 514, 526 os infranaviculare 1048, 1049 temporomandibular joint 552 nasal septum 511 occipital bone 359, 363, 414–19, 424– os infrascapulare 262, 263 tibiofibular joint 935 deviation 511, 512, 513 5 os intercuneiforme 1062, 1064 trapezium 135 necrosis 514 asymmetry 433, 434 os intermetatarseum 1071, 1072 see also diabetes mellitus, insulin- sarcoidosis 515 basal part 422 os interzygomaticum 538 dependent, osteoarthropathy Wegener granulomatosis 515 crest 424 os metopicum 405 osteoarthropathy nasal spine, 514 dysplasia 588 os odontoideum 585, 586, 595 diabetic 1035, 1067–8 nasal turbinates 511–12 fractures 440–1 os omovertebrale 622, 623 familial idiopathic hypertrophic 390 bullous 512, 513 lateral part 422 os paraarticulare 1096, 1097 gouty 702, 722 nasolacrimal duct 502 ossification 414, 421 os peroneum 1055–6, 1057 hypertrophic 44, 45, 81 nasopalatine cyst 513 osteolysis 417 fractures 1056, 1057 metatarsal bones 1084 nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, thinning 373, 374 posterior displacement 1056 pulmonary hypertrophic 872 juvenile 516 transverse sinuses 416, 418 os radiale externum 157, 158 osteoblastoma 63 navicular bone 1041–54 variants 434–9 os retinaculum 972, 975 calcaneus 1035 accessory bone 1041, 1044 occipital condyles 424 os styloideum 138, 142, 143 carpal bone 132 anatomy 1041, 1043 fractures 440, 441 os subfibulare 975, 976, 978 cervical vertebrae 601, 632 anomalies 1049–50 occipital crest 424, 428 os suboccipitale 591, 592 lumbar vertebrae 708 aseptic necrosis 1051, 1053 occipital dysplasia 438 os subtibiale 975 talus 1018 bipartite 1049, 1050 occipital emissary veins 424, 428 os supranaviculare 1047, 1048 osteochondritis dissecans 221, 231 cornuate 1041, 1045 occipital incisure, posterior 435, 437 os supratalare 1005–6 acetabulum 837, 840 deformity 1011 occipital protruberances 416, 418 os supratrochleare 220, 222, 223 distal femur 883, 884–5, 886 dislocation 1051 occipital spur 416, 419 os sustentaculi 1026, 1028, 1029 elbow 230, 231 fibro-ostosis 1054 occipital vertebra 424–5 os talocalcaneare posterius 1006 femoral head 837, 840 fractures 1051, 1052 occipitoatlantoaxial region os talotibiale 976, 1005 humeral head 258 gout 1054 calcification 603 os tibiale externum 1044, 1045 loose body differential diagnosis 856 hypertrophic 1041, 1045 fusion 600 edema 1047 medial cuneiform bone 1065 inflammation 1053 ossification 603 necrosis 1047 patella 910 nutrient canals 1041, 1043 occipitocervical dysplasia 588 regressive changes 1046 scapula 281 ossification centers 1040–2 occiput 558 stress 1047 talus 1015–16, 1017 accessory 1041 occupational stresses, thumb 94 tilted 1046 tibia 927 variant 1041, 1053 ochronosis 71 os triangulare 175, 177 ulnar head 198 osteoarthritis 1054 alkaptonuria 721 os trigonum 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, osteophytes 1054 odontoma, mandible 546 1028 International Classification of prominent 1041, 1045 olecranon acquired 1008HNL (1992) subluxation 1051 fossa 220, 222 aseptic necrosis 1007, 1009 5, 6–10 synostosis with calcaneus 1032, lucency 227 bilateral 1007, 1010 Parisian Nomeclature 11–12 1033 ossification center 210–11 os trochleare calcanei 1026, 1028 63, 69 transverse partition 1049, 1050 persistent 217, 220, 221, 222 os tuberis calcanei 1026, 1027 cervical vertebrae 601, 633 tuberculosis 1053 spurs 217, 218 os ulnare externum 147 differential diagnosis 95, 100 tuberosity 1041, 1043, 1044, 1046 65 os unci 1066, 1071, 1072 lumbar vertebrae 711 edema 1047 omarthritis 259 os vesalianum 145, 146, 1071–2 metatarsal bones 1084 fractures 1047, 1051 Onodi cells 520, 521, 535 Osgood—Schlatter disease 927, 928, nasal cavity 516 tumor 1053 optic atrophy, hereditary 507 929 pubis 801 variants 1044–8 optic canal ossa ad acetabulum 821, 823 ribs 351 navicular fat stripe 152, 153 narrowing 507 osseous bridge, metaphysis to epiphy- scaphoid bone 163 nebula frontalis 378, 379 variants 506 sis 23, 24 scapula 282, 283, 284, 285 necrosis optic glioma 510 ossiculum terminale of Bergmann temporomandibular joint 551 local 71 sella turcica 455 584 toes 1103 see also avascular necrosis; optic nerve compression 535 ossification zygomatic arch 539 osteonecrosis optic neuroma 510 enchondral 69 , hereditary 801 necrotizing otitis externa see otitis, optic sheath meningioma 510 hand 16, 17 osteochondronecrosis externa maligna sella turcica 455 metastatic 52 pubic symphysis 801 necrotizing vasculitis, cocaine- orbit 502–10 ossified tissue matrix 4 sesamoid bones 1090 induced 514 anatomy 502–6 osteitis osteochondrosis neurinoma angioma 508 condensans of clavicle 311, 313, 314 cervical spine 634–5, 636, 637 acoustic 484, 489 anomalies 506–8 mandible 544, 545 ischiopubic 798 cervical vertebrae 633, 634 blow-out fractures 508, 509 orbit 509 lumbar spine 701, 713–14, 724 facial nerve 489 dermoid cysts 510 pubis 799, 801 sacral 758 lumbar vertebrae 712 empty 428 syphilitic 207, 313, 314 thoracic spine 663, 664 multiple 489 enlargement 508 zygomatic arch 539 see also Blount disease trigeminal 442, 443, 489 fat pad 505 osteitis deformans see Paget disease osteodysplasia zygomatic arch 539 foreign bodies 510 osteoarthritis lateral clavicle hook 309 neurocentral synchondroses 562 fractures 508–9 acromioclavicular joint 290, 291 polycystic lipomembranous 64 358, 364 inflammation 509 atlantoaxial joint 602 osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism 8 neurocysticercosis 384–5 meningoencephalocele 508 atlantodental joint 602 osteofibrous dysplasia, tibial 965, 967 neurofibroma normal variants 506 atlanto-occipital joint 601 osteogenesis lumbar vertebrae 712 ossification 502 Bouchard type 57 imperfecta 488, 967 nasal cavity 516 osteitis 509 calcaneus 1035 spinal column 560 sacrum 745 Paget disease 509 craniovertebral joints 601 osteoid osteoma 63, 67, 68 neurofibromatosis 430, 489 509 decentering sign 851 capitate bone 141 atlantoaxial displacement 598 small 508 destructive of distal phalanges (fin- carpal bone 130, 131, 132 calvarium 403, 405 tumors 510 ger) 83 cervical vertebrae 601, 632 pelvic deformity 773, 775 Ortolani maneuver 825 fabella 940 elbow 232, 233 ribs 347 os accessorium supracalcaneum 1007, first carpometacarpal 132, 135, 136, femoral head 845 tibia 961, 967 1026, 1027, 1028 137, 140 femoral shaft 871 neurogenic arthropathy, humeral os acetabuli 804 glenohumeral joint 299 fibula 959, 960 head 258 os acromiale 276, 277, 278 Heberden type 57 lateral cuneiform 1058, 1059 neurogenic cysts, sacral 745 os apicis 405 hip joint 809, 850–1 lumbar vertebrae 708, 710 neurolipoma 34 os centrale carpi 155–7 humeral head 258 metatarsal bones 1084 Nievergelt syndrome, forearm 204 os cuboideum secundarium 1055 knee joint 950, 951 navicular bone 1053 Nondissociative carpal instabilities os cuneometatarsale manubrioclavicular 311 osteolysis 84 127 I plantare 1062, 1064, 1071 metatarsal bones 1082, 1083 proximal phalanges (finger) 91 notochord II dorsale 1066, 1071 metatarsal head 1080 scaphoid bone 163 development 558, 559 os cuneonavicular mediale 1062, navicular bone 1054 talus 1018 regression failure 588 1063, 1064 plaque sign 850, 851 tibia 959, 960 nuchal ligament calcification 626, os daubentonii 175, 179 polyarticular 57, 59, 61, 64 osteolysis 638, 639 os epilunatum 167, 168 distal phalanges (finger) 83 calvarium 399–402 Index 1115

clavicle 289 hand 38, 39 acro-osteolysis 57 ossification centers 900, 901–2 idiopathic 10, 13 lumbar vertebrae 707 pachymeningitis, hemorrhagic 385, osteochondritis dissecans 910 occipital bone 417 mandible 543, 545 386 osteomyelitis 911 proximal humerus 251 pelvis 773, 775 Paget disease osteophytes 912 osteoma sternum 338 bone demineralization 867 Paget disease 912 calvarium 398 osteophytes calcaneus 1036, 1038 shape 903 ethmoid cells 534 dorsum sellae 449 calvarium 373, 400, 401–2, 403 spicules 902 falx 382 drooping 59, 95, 100 cervical vertebrae 601, 639, 640 subluxation 908–9 frontal sinus 511, 531 elbow 234, 235 clavicle 313, 314 Sudeck syndrome 912 giant 845 knee joint 950, 951 femur 864, 866–7 traction injury 909 hip joint 845, 848 lumbar vertebrae 704, 724 forearm 208 tripartite 905, 906 ischium 801, 802 mandibular condyle 552 ilium 786 tumors 911 lumbar vertebrae 708, 711 manubriosternal synchondrosis lumbar vertebrae 708, 709 variants 902–3, 904–7 mandible 546–7, 550 338 mandible 545 patellar tendon 928 maxillary sinus 527 marginal 69 metacarpals 63, 100 traction tendinitis 927 metatarsal bones 1084 medial cuneiform bone 1065 orbit 509 patellofemoral congruency 903 pelvis 777 navicular bone 1054 patella 912 pattern recognition 2 350, 351 patella 912 pelvis 774, 776 pectineal ligament calcification 771 sphenoid sinus 538 phalangeal 57, 60 polyostotic 60, 63 pelvic digit 736, 770 temporal bone 475 sacroiliac joint 758 pubis 799 pelvic instability 764, 766 trapezoid 140 talonavicular osteoarthritis 1005 sacrum 743, 745 pelvic ligament ossification 768, 770 triquetrum 176 temporomandibular joint 552 scapula 282 pelvic rigidity 759, 764, 765 zygomatic arch 539 osteopoikilosis 40, 42–3 skull base 443, 444 diagnosis 766 osteomalacia 47 distal femur 895, 896 tibia 965, 970 ossification 768, 769 calvarium 376 elbow 232, 233 palatal clefts 524 pelvic ring 750, 764, 766 femoral shaft changes 868, 869 pelvis 774, 776 palato-occipital line 431 fractures 769 ilium fractures 782, 784 sacrum 745, 746 palatoalveolar fractures 524 injuries 767 ischium 797 osteoporosis 47, 51 palmar intercalated segmental insta- instability 699 Looser zones 205 acetabular fractures 833, 834 bility 108 laxity 750, 802 pelvis 773, 775 calvarium 376 palmoplantar keratosis, hereditary pelvis 764–77 pubis 797 circumscripta 402 44 anatomic diameters 766 scapula 280 disuse 49 pancreatitis, metacarpal necrosis 98, anatomy 764, 765, 766 osteomyelitis femur 99 anomalies 773–4 air cells 475 distal 894, 895, 898 230 bone density 773, 774, 775 calcaneus 1035 fractures 833, 834 papilloma, nasal cavity 516, 517 congenital syndromes 773–4 calvarium 397, 441–2 shaft 869 paracondylar process 435, 436 deformities 773, 775 cervical spine 628 ilium stress fractures 784 parahippocampal gyrus calcifications endosteal hyperostosis 773 clavicle 313 lumbar vertebrae 709 453 examination 764–7 chronic recurring multifocal 312, pelvis 773 paranasal sinuses 517–19 fluorosis 773 313 pubis 796 aplasia 533 ilium 778–88 femur radius 208 development 517 injury classification 767–8 distal 887, 888, 889 rib cough fractures 349 dilatation 429 ischium 789–803 shaft 868, 869 scleroderma 82 foreign body 517 ligamentous attachments 764, 765 fibula 986 senile 408, 409 fungal infections 515 osteomalacia 773, 775 frontal bone 442 sternal fractures 334, 335 imaging 517–18 osteomyelosclerosis 773 frontal sinus 531 stress fractures 349, 350 pneumatization 364, 449 osteopetrosis 773, 775 humerus 243 thoracic spine fractures 661 polyps/polyposis 514, 526 osteopoikilosis 774, 776 lumbar vertebrae 702 transient 843, 849–50 retention cysts 537 osteoporosis 773 mandible 544, 545 distal femur 895, 897, 898 surgical defects 527 Paget disease 774, 776 patella 911 ulna 208 transverse basilar clefts in clivus pubic symphysis 789–803 ribs 350, 351 osteoradiodystrophy 438, 439 pubis 789–803 sesamoid bones 1091 femoral neck stress fractures 833 paraosseous cartilaginous formation 4 soft-tissue ossification/calcification skull base 441–2 mandible 544 paraplegics, sacroiliac joint 759 768, 769, 770–2 tibia 986 pubis 798 parasternal ossicles 330, 331 trauma 767–8 proximal 929 ribs 350 parastyloid bone 138 tumors 777 toes 1102 scapula 281, 282 parasyndesmophytes 704, 705 see also hip joint osteomyelosclerosis 38, 39 see also radiation necrosis 407–10 periarthropathia calcificans 299 femoral shaft 871 osteosarcoma parasagittal ossification distur- peribulbar cells 465 pelvis 773 calcaneus 1035 bance 408 perichordal septum 559, 560 osteonecrosis femur thinning 408, 409, 410 pericranial sinuses 407 adulthood 56–7 distal 889 parietal emissary veins 408, 409, 410 perilunate—transscaphoid—transcapi- calcaneus 1034–5 shaft 871, 874 parietal foramina 408, 409, 410 tate fracture—dislocation 127 distal femur 880, 881, 882, 883–7 fibula 959 defects 378 perilymph fistula 487 elbow 230, 231 lumbar vertebrae 708, 710 giant 378, 409–10 perimalleolar ossification 975 extreme mechanical stress 51, 55 metatarsal bones 1076, 1078 Parisian Nomenclature of constitu- periodontal infection 544–5 femoral head 840, 841–3 navicular bone 1053 tional bone diseases 5, 11–13 periodontium 540 fragmented 4 petrous bone 476, 477 patella 900–12 periosteal bone 359 frostbite 54, 55 temporomandibular joint 551 accessory bone element 910 new bone formation 46 during growth 52–6 tibia 959 algodystrophy 912 periostitis hip joint 836–43 proximal 930, 934 alta 903, 908 florid reactive 67, 68, 69 humerus head 256–7 osteosclerosis anomalies 905–8 orbit 509 lunate bone 164 cervical vertebrae 632 baja 908 syphilitic 398 metatarsal bones 1079–82 diffuse 442–3 bipartite 905, 906 periostoses, congenital 44 phalanges (toes) 1101 distal phalanges (finger) 20, 76 bony outgrowths 905 peritubal cells 465 pubis 798 ostiomeatal complex 521 Brodie abscess 911 peroneus tendon, peritendinitis scaphoid bone 160 otic capsule ossification 477 chondromalacia 883, 910 1056–7 scapula 281 otitis clefts 902 Perthes disease 253, 256, 807, 837–9 skull base 441 externa maligna 475, 486 congenital syndromes 908 pes anserinus 926, 953 talus 1015, 1016 neonatal 471 dislocation 908–9 insertion 929–30 thoracic vertebrae 662 otocraniofacial syndromes 468 dorsal defect 904 999–1000 see also Perthes disease otomastoiditis 471, 473 double 905 pes equinovarus see clubfoot osteopathia striata otosclerosis 487–8 dysplasia 225 pes planovalgus 999 distal femur 895 fenestral 468, 469 emarginata 905 pes planus see flatfoot deformity femoral shaft 871, 872 oval window 468, 469, 477 fractures 908–9 petromastoid canal 486 osteopenia fissula ante fenestrum 488 nonunited 905 petrosal sinuses 458, 467–8, 480, 481 bone thinning 18 391, 392 pediatric 908 petrosellar ligament 382 congenital 47 gout 911 calcifications 449, 482 distal femur 894 Haglund groove 905 petrosphenobasilar ossicles 482, 483 pseudohypoparathyroidism 37 P height 903, 904 petrosquamous fissure 412, 413 osteopetrosis 123, 124 inflammation 911 petrotympanic fissure 412, 413, 469 calvarium 398, 399 pacchionian granulations 369, 371–3 lateral dystopia 908 petrous apex 480, 481 femoral shaft 871, 872 occipital bone 416, 417, 418 multipartite 905, 906 cholesterol cyst 489–90 foramen ovale 442, 443 pachydermoperiostosis 44, 46, 81 necrosis 910–11 petrous apicitis 471–2 1116 Index

petrous bone 412, 414, 457, 460–4, fractures 182–3 congenital fusion 795 bowing 204 477–90 hyperplasia 180 examination 765, 767 fracture 205 air cells 471–2 inflammation 183 fibro-ostosis 801 hypoplasia 204, 205 cholesteatoma 473 necrosis 183 fractures 796–7 inflammation 206–7 epidermoids 488 ossification 181 gracilis syndrome 801, 802 interosseous crest 202, 203 fractures 469–70, 486 ossification center 180, 181 inflammation 799, 801 necrosis 206 jugular notch 482 pisotriquetral joint, ligamentous inju- instability 765 nutrient canal 202 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 489, ries 182 ossification centers 789, 790 tumor 208 490 pituitary cartilage 360 osteochondronecrosis 801 radius, distal 186–201 necrosis 486 pituitary dwarfism 453 reactive sclerosis 802 accessory bones 189 osteosarcoma 476, 477 pituitary tumors ruptures 794, 796 anomalies 189–94 pneumatization 482, 483 adenoma 69 tumors 801, 802 Barton fracture 196, 197 transverse crest 482 538 variants 791, 794–5 bony column 186, 187 trauma 470 plagiocephaly 392 widening 795 chondrocalcinosis 198 tumors 488–90 coronal synostosis 506 pubis 789–803 Colles fracture 196 petrous pyramid 457–9 planum ethmoidale 534 anatomy 791 epiphyseal center 186 high 482 planum sphenoidale 445, 535, 536 anomalies 791, 794–5 epiphyseolysis 194, 195 petrous ridge 480, 518, 522 hyperostosis 534 fractures 796–7 epiphysis 189 phalangeal microgeodic syndrome 55, plaque sign 850, 851 inflammation 799, 801 fractures 194–7 87 plasmacytoma Looser zones 796 Frykman fracture classification 126, phalangeal sign of Kosowicz 17, 20, 96 calvarium 400 nutrient canal 791 196 phalanges (finger) 16–75 ilium 787 ossification centers 789, 790 hyperextension trauma 196, 197 adulthood 16–22 lumbar vertebrae 706, 712 ossification delay/defect 795 hyperflexion trauma 196 calcium specks 21, 22 orbit 510 osteitis 799, 801 inflammation 198 contour defects 52, 57, 83 ribs 354 osteomalacia 797 necrosis 197–8 delta 26, 87 sacrum 745 osteonecrosis 798 normal variants 189–94 distal 76–84 sternum 337 osteoporosis 796 ossification center 186, 189 acro-osteolysis 82 430–3 osteoradiodystrophy 798 persistent accessory 196 anomalies 77–8 pneumatocysts, intraosseous 787 Paget disease 799 ulnar border 190, 191 deformities 80 pneumatosinus dilatans 465, 466, stress fractures 796, 797 reverse Barton fracture 196 developmental disorders 80 483, 523 tumors 801, 802 rickets 200, 201 fractures 78–9 frontal sinus 528, 529 unilateral hypoplasia 795 Smith fracture 196 inflammation 83–4 pneumocephalus 395, 396 variants 791, 794–5 stress-induced widening of physis necrosis 80–2 POEMS syndrome 712 pustulosis palmoplantaris 311, 312, 194–6 normal variants 77–8 poliomyelitis, intervertebral disk cal- 315 styloid process 189–90, 198 osteosclerosis 20, 76 cification 639 pustulotic arthro-osteitis 315–17 avulsion fracture 196 terminal tuft 76, 78, 82 polychondritis 497 femoral shaft 871, 872 subperiosteal ganglion 188, 189 tuft fractures 78, 79 polydactyly 29–34 fibula 959, 966, 970 transverse striations in cancellous tumor 84 classification 29, 31–2 sternum 335, 336 bone 200 growth 16 delta phalanges (finger) 26 tibia 959, 966, 970 traumatic epiphyseal separation 194 length 17, 20 thumb 93 pyknodysostosis 543 tumors 198 middle 85–8 polyphalangia 30, 34 Pyle disease see metaphyseal dys- radius, proximal anomalies 85–7 ponticle formation on C1 435 plasia epiphyseal center 210 fractures 87 popliteal ligament, oblique 950 pyocele fusion with ulna 225 inflammation 88 portal 678 ethmoid bone 533–4 Ramsey—Hunt syndrome 487 necrosis 87 Pott's puffy tumor 530 frontal sinus 530 RAP 47, 206 normal variants 85, 87 prechiasmatic sulcus 445 maxillary sinus 526 Raynaud disease 71 tumors 88 pregnancy, sacroiliac joint 781 sphenoid sinus 537 Recklinghausen disease see neuro- ossification 16 preinterfrontal bone 405, 406 fibromatosis proximal 89–91 preinterparietal bone 414, 415 reflex sympathetic dystrophy 1084, fractures 90 preoccipital synchondrosis 482 Q 1085 inflammation 90–1 pressure sella 454 regional acceleratory phenomenon tumors 91 pretibial varices 959, 961 quadriceps tendon ossification 909 47, 51 vascular (nutrient) canals 89 primordial cysts 527 pediatric fractures 206 shortening 38 processus asteriacus 434 Reichert cartilage 360 phalanges (toe) prostaglandin E2 389 R Reiter syndrome bony exostosis 1096 pseudarthrosis, congenital 205, 961 bamboo spine 706 brachyphalangia 1099 pseudo-Madelung deformity 125, 194 rachischisis, lumbar vertebrae 688 calcaneus 1036 bracketed diaphysis 1096, 1098, , lumbar canal radial annular ligament, heterotopic cervical spine 631 1099 narrowing 698 ossification 234, 235 metatarsal bones 1082 distal 1096 pseudoepiphyses radial clubhand 204–5 occipitoatlantoaxial abnormalities epiphysis 1094 frequency 24 radial head 600 cone-shaped 1096, 1097 hand 23–4, 96 anterior subluxation 227 parasyndesmophytes 705 exostoses 1103 pseudogout 71, 603 dislocation 225 sacroiliac joint 757 hallux abductus interphalangeus intervertebral disk calcification 639 fractures 228, 229 syndesmophytes 706 1099 knee joint 949 radial tuberosity 214–15 71, 77, 78 middle 1095 pseudohypoparathyroidism 16, 34, 37 radiation necrosis dense distal femoral metaphyses 879 osteolytic lesions 1101 basal ganglia calcification 387 calvarium 397 elbow calcification 236 osteonecrosis 1101 congenital osteopenia 47 hyoid bone 497 hyperparathyroidism 208 proximal 1095 metacarpals 96 ilium 785 Looser zones 205 psoriatic arthritis 1102 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, otitis larynx 497 lumbar vertebrae 707 supernumerary 1099 externa maligna 475 mandible 544 middle phalanges (finger) 88 symphalangia 1099 pseudoretrolisthesis 675, 716 ribs 350 rugger jersey spine 707 synostosis 1095 pseudospondylolisthesis, lumbar sacrum 743 shoulder girdle interstitial calcino- transverse partitions 1099, 1100 spine 694, 695, 696, 715–16 see also osteoradiodystrophy sis 301, 302 turret exostosis 1103 pseudospondylosis, lumbar vertebrae radiation therapy, sacral insufficiency repetitive stress injury, triquetrum pharyngeal tubercle 451 675, 692 fractures 742–3 necrosis 180 pharynx tumors 498 pseudotumours 64, 65, 66 radicular cysts 527 reticulohistiocytosis phleboliths 71 ilieum 787 radiocarpal instability 129 multicentric 59, 90, 91 eyelid 510 inflammatory 66 2 proximal humerus 249 phosphatase deficiency, congenital ischiopubic synchondrosis 801 radiolunate angle 108 retina, calcification 510 390 psoriasis 311, 315 radionuclide bone scan 2 retinoblastoma 510 phosphorus, occupational exposure cervical spine 631 radioscaphoid angle 108 retrofacial cells 465 544 see also arthritis, psoriatic radioulnar joint retrolenticular fibroplasia 510 Pierre—Robin syndrome 542 pterotympanic fissure 412, 413 distal 111, 117 retrolisthesis, cervical spine 636, 637 pigmented villonodular synovitis 552 pterygoid canal 522, 523 osteoarthritis 200, 201 retromastoid process 434 pineal calcification 380–1 pterygoid process 423 subluxation 111, 117, 126, 196 rhabdomyosarcoma pipetter's thumb 94 pterygoid recess 535 synostosis 225, 226 embryonic 476 Pirie's bone 1005–6 pubic symphysis 764, 789–803 synovial chondromatosis 201 orbit 510 piriform recess 611 absence 795 radioulnar line method, modification zygomatic arch 539 PISI 108 anatomy 791 111, 117 rheumatic disorders, acromioclavicu- pisiform 180–3 anomalies 791, 794–5 radius lar joint 290 bipartite 180 comma-shaped ossifications 791 aplasia 204, 205 rheumatoid arthritis 61 Index 1117

achillobursitis defect 1038 proximal tibia 935 calcification 755–6, 758, 759 tubercle fracture 154, 155, 157 acromioclavicular joint 290, 302 rima glottidis 611, 612 ossification 754, 755–6, 759 tumors 162–3 atlantoaxial subluxation 599, 600 ring sign 128 sacroiliitis 753 scaphoid fat stripe 152, 153 carpus 117, 131 Risser sign 778–9 ankylosing spondylitis 755–6 scapholunate cervical spine 599, 629, 630, 636 rotary fixation 597 brucellosis 754 angle 108 cervical spinous processes 631 rotator cuff 293, 294, 295 infantile infectious 753 dissociation 128–9, 166, 170, 178 cricoarytenoid joint 497 impingement syndrome 272, 276, Reiter syndrome 757 fusion 150, 151 cricothyroid joint 497 296–7 tuberculous 753–4 scapula 262–85 dens 599 tears 296–7 sacrolisthesis 759 accessory bones 279, 280 distal ulna 198, 199 shoulder dislocation differential sacrospinal ligament acro-osteolysis 281 erosive changes 83 diagnosis 299 calcification 745, 746 angles 262, 266 joint erosions 57, 58 round window 468 ossification 770, 771 anomalies 271–6 juvenile 599, 629, 630, 754 rubella syndrome 686 sacrotuberal ligament 745, 770 apophyseal center 262 knee joint 951 Rubinstein—Taybi syndrome 91 sacrum 558, 731–46 arthro-osteitis 281–2 lumbar vertebrae 702 delta phalanges (finger) 26 acute 676 congenital syndromes 274, 276 metacarpals 100 foramen magnum 438 agenesis 740, 741 deformities 274–6 metatarsal bones 1082, 1083 rucksack sella 446 anatomy 733–6 dislocation 276–80 metatarsophalangeal joint 1082, 1083 rugger jersey spine 707 anomalies 738, 740–1 fractures 276–80 proximal humerus 249 arched 676–7 glenoid cavity 270 proximal phalanges (finger) 90 asymmetry 738 inflammation 281–2 rice bodies 301, 302 S clefts 735, 738, 740 lateral border ossification 271 sacral insufficiency fractures 742–3 curvature 736 lucency 271, 282 sacroiliac joint 754 saccule 478 dislocations 743 necrosis 281 sentinel cysts 64 sacral canal 738 foramina 735, 767 normal variants 271–6 sesamoid bones 1091 sacral crests 733, 734 fractures 741–3, 767 nutrient canals 270 temporomandibular joint 551 sacral foramina 733, 734 insufficiency 742–3 ossification center 262, 263 thoracic vertebrae 662 sacral hiatus 733 fusion 732 osteochondritis dissecans 281 rhinolith 517 sacral index 736 growth 731–3 osteochondroma 282, 284 rhinosporidiosis, nasal cavity 516 sacral vertebrae 731–2 hemivertebra 740 osteomalacia 280 ribs 340–55 epiphyses 732 hiatus 740, 742 osteoradiodystrophy 281, 282 accessory 736 fusion 732 intervertebral canals 733, 734 Paget disease 282 acro-osteolysis 350 intervertebral disk ossification intervertebral disk spaces 732 persistent apophyses 276, 277–8 anomalies 342–8 732–3 intervertebral foramina 734 posttraumatic clefts/gaps 283, 285 articulation of twelfth 349 origin of segments 561 ossification centers 731 pustulotic arthro-osteitis 281 asymmetries in twelfth 343 osteochondrosis 758 persistent 742 radiographic techniques 265, 267–9 bifid 343, 344 sacrocaudal region, transitional verte- osteomyelitis 743 scaphoid 271 bifid head 343, 346 brae 733, 734, 738, 742 osteopoikilosis 745, 746 subchondral synovial cyst 282, 283, bony portion 340, 341 sacrococcygeal region Paget disease 743, 745 284 cartilaginous part 340 agenesis 740, 741 pseudocysts 735, 738, 739, 743 subluxation 276–80 cervical 342 intervertebral disk calcification 745 radiation necrosis 743 tumors 282–5 chondrosarcoma 351, 352 variants 736–8 tumors 743–5 scapular ligament, superior trans- coarctation of aorta 348 sacroiliac joint 749–59 variants 736–8 verse 271 cough fractures 349 accessory joint spaces 742, 750–1 vertebral arch defect 739 ossification 271 deformities 343, 344–8 alkaptonuric ochronosis 758 sagittal sinus Scheuermann disease 636, 638, 666 degenerative changes 354–5 anatomy 750 calcification 382 lumbar vertebrae 710, 716 dislocation 349 ankylosis 758 lateral lacunae 407, 408 thoracic spine 664–7 dysplasias 343, 344–8 anomalies 750–1 salivary stones 547 Scheuthauer—Marie—Sainton syn- epiphyseal centers 340 bilateral fusion 795 salmonellosis, lumbar vertebrae 702 drome see cleidocranial dysos- fatigue fractures 349 bilharzial arthropathy 757 salt-and-pepper skull 405 tosis fibro-osseous lesions 350 bony bridge 751 SAPHO syndrome 315, 754 Schmitt disease 626, 627 fibrous dysplasia 353 capsule ossification 768, 769 sarcoidosis Schmorl nodes 634, 650, 665, 666, first chondrocalcinosis 758 calvarium 400 667, 668 asymmetrical development 342 connective tissue diseases 758 hand 40, 41, 42, 60 communicating 717 discontinuities 342–3 dislocation 751 larynx 497 lumbar spine 716–17 fractures 348–9 drug addicts 743, 753, 754 lumbar vertebrae 708 schwannoma, zygomatic arch 539 fractures 348–9 enteropathic spondylarthropathies nasal septum 515 scintigram, whole-body 2 fusions 343, 345, 346 757 skeletal 60 scleroderma 81, 82 hyperostosis of head 663 examination 765, 767 SATHO see arthro-osteitis; pustulotic calcinosis circumscripta 71 inflammation 350 fractures 751, 752, 767 arthro-osteitis mandible 547 intermediary osseous bridges 343, growth 749 scalenus anticus syndrome 342 ribs 347 344 hyperparathyroidism 758 391, 392 scoliosis intrathoracic 343, 344 injuries 751, 753 scaphoid bone 148–63 cervical spine 636, 638 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 354 instability 765 accessory bony element 158 lumbar vertebrae 688, 710, 720, 725 melorheostosis 350, 351 joint space anomalies 150–1 thoracic spine 651, 652, 664 nearthrosis 343, 345, 346 narrowing 758 aplasias 150–1 scotty dog sign of Lachapel 676, 691–2 necrosis 350 widening 751, 752 bipartite 153, 159 sella turcica 445–56 neurofibromatosis 347 laxity 759 asymmetric 157 configurations 447–8 normal variants 342–8 ligamentous injuries 767 contusion 154 deformities 449–53 ossification centers 340 multiple hyperostosis 759 deformity 123 fractures 453, 537 ossification patterns 340 necrosis 752 duplication 122, 151 growth 446–7 osteoarthritis 354 osteoarthritis 758 fibrous nonunion 159 J-shaped 455 osteoma 350, 351 osteophytes 758 fractures 152–8 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 454 osteomyelitis 350, 351 pneumatocele 758 complication rate 152 normal variants 449–53 osteoradiodystrophy 350 pregnancy 781 nonunion 158, 159, 160 ossification 450 pelvic 736 pseudoerosions 749, 752 tubercle 154, 155, 157 tumors 454–6, 538 plasmacytoma 354 psoriatic arthritis 756–7 fragmentation 159, 160 sellar bridge 450, 451 radiation necrosis 350 Reiter syndrome 757 hypoplasia 150, 151 sellar diaphragm 382 scleroderma 347 retroauricular space 750 inflammation 162 sellar spine 452 Srb anomaly 343, 345 rheumatoid arthritis 754 intraosseous ganglion 162 semicircular canals 478 subluxation 349 sacral protruberance 751 metastases 163 sentinel cysts 64 thalassemia 347 seronegative spondyloar- 2-microglobulin amyloid deposits sesamoid bones 17–18, 1062, 1064, tumors 350–4 thropathies 755–7 65, 162 1087–93 twelfth 343, 349 sickle cell disease 743, 752, 759 morphological variation 149 acromegaly 1091 union to vertebrae/sternum 340–1 space 732 necrosis 159–61 avascular necrosis 1090–1 Wien 344 stepoff 751, 752 normal variants 150–1 bipartite lateral 3–4 see also lumbar ribs subchondral synovial cysts 787 nutrient canals 152, 153 bony fusion to metatarsal 1088, 1089 rice bodies, rheumatoid arthritis 301, subluxation 751 ossification center 164 chondrocalcinosis 1091, 1092 302 syphilis 754 duplication 148, 149, 150, 154 deformities 1088–9 rickets trauma 751, 752 unfused 155 dislocation 1089–90, 1093 dense distal femoral metaphyses 879 uric arthropathy 758 unfused accessory 157 distal interphalangeal joints 76, 77 distal radius/ulna 200, 201 vacuum phenomenon 758 osteonecrosis 160 duplication 52, 1088, 1089 Looser zones 205 variations 750–1 protruberances 149, 150 fabella 937, 940 mandible 547 sacroiliac ligaments 749 Trevor disease 161, 163 fractures 52, 93, 94, 1089–90 1118 Index

hallux valgus 1073, 1090 ossification center 358–9 atlas 575, 576, 577 cervical spine 629 growth 1087 shape development 361, 363–4 axis 584 sternum 320–38 hallux valgus 1073, 1090 short 392 lumbar vertebrae 688, 689, 708 anatomy 321 inflammation 1091 sutural bones 364–5, 369 spina ventosa 60 anomalies 326–33 interphalangeal joint dislocation 1090 sutures 364, 368, 369 spinal canal, cervical 612, 613 CT dimensions 308 multiple 21 fractures 393, 395, 396 spinal column 558–62 dislocation 334 necrosis 56 mendosal 414, 415 chondrification 560 examination techniques 323–6 ossification 1087 metopic 405 curves 558 fissure 328, 329 osteoarthritis 1091, 1092, 1093 occipital squama 414, 415, 416 development 558–62 fractures 334, 335 osteochondronecrosis 1090 premature closure of frontal 405 ossification centers 562 inflammation 335–7 osteomyelitis 1091 premature fusion 374, 390–2 ossification stage 560 multipartite 328 partitions 1088, 1089 sphenosquamous 412, 414 osteogenesis 560 necrosis 334 rheumatoid arthritis 1091 variants 369 see also atlas; axis; cervical verte- normal dimensions 323 small 52 widening 389–90 brae (C1-C2); cervical verte- normal variants 326–33 subluxation 1089–90 thalassemia 348, 369 brae (C3-C7); lumbar verte- ossification 320, 321 supernumerary 18 tower391,392 brae; sacral vertebrae; thoracic disturbances 326, 327–8 variants 1088–9 traumatic depression 393, 394 vertebrae ossification centers 326, 327 sesamum tibiale anterius 1062, 1064 triangular 392 spinal fusion 721, 778 asymmetrical development 326 Sever disease 1034–5 vascular calcifications 384 spinal ligaments 558 osteopetrosis 338 Sharp syndrome 71, 81 see also calvarium; cranial vault; fa- spinal nerve groove in cervical spine osteoporosis 334 Shepherd fracture 1006 cial skeleton; orbit 610, 611, 612, 613 parasternal ossicles 330, 331 shin splint syndrome 963, 964 skull base 360, 362, 365, 421–98 spiral organ of Corti 479 position 331, 332 short rib dysplasia 6 actinomycosis 442 splayfoot 999 posterior displacement 333 shoulder girdle architecture 421–7 spondylarthritis, seronegative 315, 317 premature synostosis 330 acromioclavicular joint 287–91 asymmetry 429–30, 433 calcaneus 1036–7, 1039 pustulotic arthro-osteitis 335, 336 interstitial calcinosis 301, 302 basilar impression 422 cervical vertebrae 599, 629 rib union 340–1 ligament ossification 301 bony thickening 429 lumbar vertebrae 702 segmentation 320 radiograph interpretation 265 hordoma 444 pelvic ligament ossification 768 failure 330 transscapular Y view 270 dermoid 455, 456 sacroiliac joint 755–7 persistent 327 see also acromion; clavicle; scapula; development 359–60, 363 sternum 335, 336 seronegative spondylarthritis 335, sternoclavicular joint; sternum epidermoid 455, 456 temporomandibular joint 551 336 shoulder joint 292–304 fibrous dysplasia 443, 444 spondylarthropathies, enteropathic subluxation 334 anatomy 249, 292, 293 fractures 440–1 706 suprasternal ossicles 330, 331 anterior capsular complex 292, 293 hyoid bone 490–8 sacroiliac joint 757 tumors 337–8 Bankert lesion 297, 298 inflammation 441–4 spondylarthrosis see also sternoclavicular joint bursae 293, 294, 295, 296, 299, 302–4 larynx 490–8 cervical spine 634, 635, 636 steroid necrosis 628 calcification 299, 300, 301 osteomyelitis 441–2 deformans 636, 714–15 sacral insufficiency fractures 742–3 calcification 299–302 osteonecrosis 441 spondylitis thoracic vertebrae 662 chondromatosis 301, 304 Paget disease 443, 444 cervical spine 628, 629 Sturge—Weber disease 384, 385 congenital dysplasia 274, 275 platybasia 430–3 lumbar vertebrae 701–6 stylohyoid complex ossification dislocation 254, 255, 297–9 posterior fossa 423–4, 433, 434–9 spondylocostal dysplasia of thoracic 495–6 ganglion cyst 283, 284 jugular tubercles 444 vertebrae 658 stylohyoid ligament 492 glenoid labrum 292, 293, 295 sella turcica 445–56, 538 spondylodiscitis calcification 496 impingement 296–7 sphenoid angle 422 cervical spine 628 ossification 491, 495–6 Neer stages 296 styloid process 490–8 lumbar spine 700–1, 710 styloid ligament ossification 492 instability 297–9 support columns 421, 422 spondylodysplasia 6 styloid process 490–8 loose bodies 301, 303 syphilis 442 spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia con- anatomy 492 shoulder dislocation differential temporal bone 457–64 genita 7 elongation 495 diagnosis 299 tuberculous lesions 442 spondylolisthesis styloid process syndrome 495 ossification 299–303 tumors 442–4, 538 cervical spine 621, 622 subacromial—subdeltoid bursa 294, soft-tissue anatomy 292–6 epipharyngeal 455 lumbar vertebrae 691, 694–6 295, 297 tendon calcification 300 vidian canal 423 spondylolysis subarachnoid pneumocephalus 473 see also Hill—Sachs lesion; rotator see also air cells; auditory canal, ex- axis 584 subarcuate fossa 458, 480, 481 cuff ternal; basilar impression; cervical vertebrae 594 subchondral sclerosis, circumscribed sialoliths 547 cranial fossae; middle ear; lumbar vertebrae 680, 683, 690–1, 172 sickle cell disease 547 petrous bone; temporal bone 692, 693, 694 subcoracoid bursa 295 inflammation 752–7 slipping rib syndrome 349 vertebral arch sclerosis 708 subdural pneumocephalus 473 mandible 547 snowcap sign 256, 257 spondylometaphyseal dysplasia 7 sublingual fossa 540 sacroiliac joint 743, 752, 759 soft-tissue necrosis 71 spondylophytes submandibular abscess 545 thoracic spine 667, 668 soleus muscle 1001 hyperostotic 635, 636 submandibular fossa 540 sigmoid sinus 466, 467 somatotropin 69 marginal 634, 724 suboccipital dysplasia 588 Sindig—Larsen—Johansson disease spastic torticollis, atlantoaxial dis- submarginal 635, 636 suboccipital process 434, 435 910, 911 placement 598 spondyloretrolisthesis, lumbar spine subperiosteal ganglion, radius 188, 189 single photon emission computed spheno-occipital synchondrosis 421, 694, 715, 716 subperiosteal hemorrhage 206 tomography (SPECT) 2 439 spondylosclerosis, hemispheric 635, subtalar joint 985 sinolith 517 sphenoid angle 422, 431 714 coalition 998, 999 sinusitis sphenoid bone spondylosis deformans 635, 636 posteromedial 1012 cystic fibrosis 528 air cells 423 thoracic vertebrae 663 subtalar sinus 1002, 1003 frontal 530 growth 421 spondylosis hyperostotica see DISH subungual exostoses 1102–3 maxillary 525–6 pituitary tumors 538 syndrome subungual keratoacanthoma 84 sphenoid 537 styloid processes 571 Sprengel deformity 274, 622 Sudeck syndrome 47, 49–50 skeleton sphenoid sinus 445, 518, 534–8 squamous cell carcinoma, nasal cavity forearm 208 disorganized development 10 anomalies 535–6 516 patella 912 see also facial skeleton asymmetry 536 Stafne cyst 541–2 transient osteoporosis 849 SKIBO diseases 81 ballooned 535 457 sulcus calcanei 1020, 1022 skull cysts 537 staphylococcal coxitis 844 supinator fat line 227, 228 anemia 369 fractures 453, 537 Steinberg sign 34 supra-acromial bursa 296 anomalies 375–92 inflammation 537 step sign 94 supracondylar process 221, 223, 224 arterial grooves 365 mucocele 455, 537 sternal angle 322 trauma 221, 224 asymmetries 375–6 normal variation 535–6 sternal foramen 329, 330 supraorbital foramen 502, 505 calcification 380–7 optic nerve compression 535 sternal symphysis 322 suprapatellar bursa 940 embryology 358–61 pneumatization 506, 534, 535, 536 sternoclavicular joint 305–18 suprasellar craniopharyngioma 455 endochondral ossification 358 pyocele 537 articular disk 308 supraspinatus impingement syn- flat membranous bones 359 septa 536, 537 capsule 308 drome 278 fontanelles 359, 364, 368 tumor 538 epiphyseal separation 310 supraspinous ligament calcification fractures 392–6 vascular grooves 535 hyperostosis 311 638, 639 growing 393 very small 536, 537 intra-articular vacuum phenome- suprasternal ossicles 330, 331 intercalary bones 364–5, 369 sphenoid sinusitis 537 non 308, 318 supratrochlear foramen 220–1, 222 intracranial calcifications 374 sphenoid wings 360 osteoarthritis 318 sustentaculum tali 1020, 1022 lacunar 389 sphenoparietal sulcus 405 traumatic dislocation 310 sutura mendosa 369 membranous ossification 358–9 sphenopetrosal ligament 449 sternocostal joint degenerative sutural bones 364–5, 369, 407 necrosis 397 sphenosquamous suture 412, 414, 481 changes 355 sutural hyperostosis 369 normal variants 375–92 spina bifida sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis swan-neck deformity 79 313, 315–17, 336 Index 1119

swayback syndrome 719 tarsal bones costotransverse joints 649, 662–3 duplication 93, 121 symphalangia 26, 27–8 arthritis 997 degenerative disease 663–8 fracture 93 toes 1099 coalition 997–9 diastematomyelia 657, 658 gamekeeper's 93 symphysis menti 539 necrosis 1015–17 DISH syndrome 663–4 inflammation 93 syndactyly synostosis 997–9 dislocations 658–62 murderer’s 91 fingers 26, 28 tarsal sinus 1002, 1015 Edgren—Vaino sign 666, 667, 668 necrosis 93 toes 1099 tarsal sinus syndrome 1015 eosinophilic granuloma 662 normal variants 91–3 syndesmophytes 663, 702, 704 tarsometatarsal joints 1069, 1070 facet joints 650 occupational stresses 94 Reiter syndrome 706 fracture—dislocations 1074 flat 658 radial clubhand 204 synostosis teeth fractures 658–62 triphalangeal 91 cervical spine 628 displaced with maxillary fracture 525 pathological 660–2 tubular bones 17 metatarsal 33 ectopic intraorbital 510 Hahn clefts 645, 649 thyrohyoid ligament 495 synovial angiomatosis, knee joint 945, heterotopic buds in maxillary sinus hemimetameric segmentation thyroid cartilage 491 946 524 anomaly 656 calcification 493, 611, 612 synovial cyst, subchondral 66, 67, 282, malposition 542 hemivertebrae 655–6, 657 tibia 283, 284 mandibular fracture 543 hyperextension—shear injuries 659 angiodysplasia 959, 961 acetabulum 846, 847 root resorption 546 infections 662 anomalies 958–61 proximal tibia 929, 931–3 structure 540 inflammation 662–3 anterolateral triangle 982 sacroiliac joint 787 wisdom 543 injuries Blount disease 921–2, 923, 930, 935 talus 1018 tegmen tympani 457, 466, 468 classification 659 bone marrow infarction 965, 969 tibia 986, 987 temporal bone 424, 457–64 with rotation 659–60 bony prominence 919 synovial sarcoma, knee joint 945, 948 air cells 429 interpedicular distance 649 bowing 922–3, 958, 967 syphilis anatomy 457–64 intervertebral osteochondrosis 663 acute plastic 961 calvarium 398 development 457–64 kyphosis 651, 652, 663, 664, 666 cleft 920 cervical spine 629 exostoses 475 angular 656 cortical irregularities 958, 986, 987 clavicle involvement 313, 314 fibrous dysplasia 475 limbus vertebra 667 cystic angiomatosis 959, 961 gummatous 398 fractures 469, 470 necrosis 662 dislocation 924–6, 980–6 labyrinthitis 487 growth 421 normal variants 653 distal 971–88 mandible 545 osteoma 475 origin of segments 561 anatomy 973–4 nasal bone congenital hypoplasia 513 pneumatization 465, 466, 471–2 ossification centers 645 epiphyseal plate 971 osteolytic changes 206, 207 radiographic projections 459–64 osteochondrosis 664 epiphyseal plate fractures 980, 981 proximal tibia 929, 930 squamous 411–14, 457 pedicle thinning 653 epiphysis exostosis 978 sacroiliac joint 754 fontanelles 411 perivertebral hyperostosis 663 inflammation 986 skull base 442 petrosquamous fissure 412, 413 persistent chordal canal 653, 655 ossification center 971–2 syphilitic periostitis, tibial 966, 967 petrotympanic fissure 412, 413 physiological wedging 648 triplane fractures 980, 981 syringomyelia, humeral head 254, 258 senile atrophy 412 posture 651–2 epiphyseal dysplasia 921, 922 sutures 412, 414 progressive fusion 657 fibrous dysplasia 966, 968 vascular grooves 394, 395, 412 radiate ligament calcification 663 fibrous metaphyseal defects 986, 987 T temporomandibular joint 548 range of motion 651–2 focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia trigeminal impression 482, 483 rheumatoid arthritis 662 922, 923 talar dome tumors 475–7 Schmorl nodes 650, 665, 666, 667, fractures 924–6, 961–5, 980–6 curvature 1003 tympanic part 457 668 Segond 918, 919 osteochondral fractures 1014–15, vascular channel 395 scoliosis 651, 652, 664 stress 926, 963, 964, 969 1026 zygomatic process 457, 465 segmentation anomalies 656–7 transitional 971 talar-first metatarsal angle 989, 992 see also petrous bone segmentation shift 653 growth plate talocalcaneal angle 989, 991 temporomandibular joint 361, 364, sickle cell disease 667, 668 cleft 920 talocalcaneal joint 983–5 548–52 spinous processes 649 fused epiphyseal 918, 920 coalition 1012, 1033 anatomy 548 aplasia 658 Harris lines 973 talocalcaneonavicular joint 985 anomalies 549–50 fatigue fracture 664 inflammation 965 talocrural joint 983–5 arthritis 551, 552 spondylocostal dysplasia 658 intercondylar tubercles 916–17, 918 chondromatosis 986, 988 development 548 spondylosis deformans 663 Looser zones 926 morphological conversion 998 dislocation 550 subluxations 658–62 melorheostosis 959, 960 valgus deformity 977 distance to arch of atlas 432 synostosis 656, 657 metaphyseal—epiphyseal see also tibiotalar tilt fractures 550, 551 transverse processes 649 chondrodysplasia 977, 980 talofibular ligament 1003 function 548 tuberculous spondylitis 662 necrosis 927–9 talonavicular joint 1041 inflammation 551 tumors 663 neurofibromatosis 961, 967 fusion 999, 1012, 1049–50 microfractures 550 vacuum phenomenon 662, 665 nutrient canals 953, 954–7, 961, osteoarthritis 1005 necrosis 551 vertebra plana 662 962, 964 subchondral osteolysis 1019 normal variants 549–50 vertebral arch clefts 658 Osgood—Schlatter disease 927, 928, talus 985, 1002–19 osteoarthritis 552 vertebral bodies 648–9 929 accessorius 1008, 1010, 1011 osteophytes 552 anomalies 653, 654, 655 osteofibrous dysplasia 965, 967 accessory bones 1005 pigmented villonodular synovitis aplasia 655 osteomyelitis 986 anatomy 1002–4 552 calcification 664 Paget disease 965, 970 beaking 1003, 1005 subchondral degenerative cysts 552 clefts 653, 655 periosteal bone formation 963, 965 bipartite 1011, 1012 synovial chondromatosis 552 compression injuries 659 plateau 916, 917 Brodie abscess 1018 tumors 551 coronal clefts 655 pretibial varices 959, 961 congenital vertical 1011 temporozygomatic suture 506 DISH syndrome 664, 665 proximal 914–36 deformities 1011–13 tendinitis, calcifying 603, 604 Knutsson's sign 665 cartilaginous exostoses 930, 935 dislocation 1013–15 tendinopathy, insertional 912 marginal ridge 645, 646, 647, congenital syphilis 929, 930 fracture 1006, 1009, 1013–15 tendon sheath, calcinosis circum- 665, 666, 667 deformities 921–3 fracture—dislocation 1014, 1015 scripta 71, 72–3 notches 645 epiphysis 876, 914, 920 hypoplasia 1011 tentorium calcification 382, 383 nutrient canals 645, 646, 648 fatty replacement 929 inflammation 1018–19 teratoma, sacrococcygeal region 745 ossification 664 fibrous metaphyseal defects 929, lateral process fractures 1014 terminal ossicle 435, 438 ossification centers 645, 647 933 neck 1003 thalassemia 38 partial defects 655–6 inflammation 929–35 fractures 1013–14 hair-on-end appearance 379 pathological fractures 660–1 melorheostosis 934 nose 1003, 1005 lumbar vertebrae 678 pediatric 645, 646 metaphysis 876 nutrient canal 1003 ribs 347 persistent notochord 653 osteomyelitis 929 ossification center 1002 skull 348, 369 vertebral end plates 650 rickets 935 osteochondritis dissecans 1015–16, thalidomide embryopathy 657 wedge 661, 666 subchondral synovial cysts 929, 1017 Thibiérge—Weissenbach syndrome 71 whiplash injuries 659 931–3 osteonecrosis 1015, 1016 interstitial calcinosis 301 thoracolumbar junction tumors 929–35 posterior process 1006, 1007 Thiemann disease 52, 53, 54, 87 injuries with distraction 659 white epiphysis 928–34 avulsion 1006, 1009 thoracic vertebrae 558, 645–68 wedge-shaped deformity 653, 654 pustulotic arthro-osteitis 959, 966, secundarius 1008, 1010, 1011 accessory diarthrosis 653 see ribs; sternum 970 spheroidal 1011, 1012 anatomy 648–51 thrombophlebitis, chronic adhesive Rauber console 918, 919 subchondral synovial cyst 1018 ankylosing spondylitis 662, 663 retrobulbar 510 shaft 953–70 subluxation 1013–15 ankylosis 662–3 thumb 91–4 anatomy 953, 954–7 talofibular ligament groove 1003 anomalies 653–8 acro-osteolysis 93 bowing 953, 962 Trevor disease 1012, 1013 apophyseal ring 647 anomalies 91–3 fibrous metaphyseal defects 958 tumors 1018–19 block vertebrae 656, 657, 661 clubbed 91 Harris lines 958, 962 variants 1005–11 butterfly 653, 654, 655 delta configuration of proximal necrosis 965, 969 vertical cleft 1011, 1012 calcifying discitis 668 phalanx 91, 93 ossification centers 953 double biphalangism 33 1120 Index

shin splint syndrome 963, 964 sacroiliac joint 751, 752, 753 bowing 204 symptomatic 2, 3 stress-induced lucencies 965 sacrotuberal/sacrospinal ligament congenital pseudarthrosis 205 venous lacunae 371 subluxation 924–6, 980–6 calcification 745, 746 epicondyle 220 vertebrae 558 synostosis 958 skull 393, 394 traumatic displacement 227 anatomy 558 syphilitic periostitis 966, 967 Treacher—Collins syndrome 468, 542 fractures 205 block traction tendinitis/trauma 927 Trevor disease 123–4 groove 215, 216 cervical 600, 620, 621, 623 tuberosity 914, 915–16, 925 hip joint 855–6 head thoracic 656 avulsion fracture 927 scaphoid bone 151, 161, 163 fractures 197 fish 661, 709 lateralization 921 talus 1012, 1013 osteochondritis dissecans 198 ivory 701, 706 patellar tendon 928 triangular fibrocartilage complex 173 inflammation 206–7 occipital 424–5 tumors 965–6, 986, 987 cartilage calcification 198 length 186–7, 190 ossification centers 560, 561 valgus deformity 977 damage 169, 173 discrepancy 173 rib union 340–1 variants 921, 929, 958–61, 975–80 degenerative changes 192 necrosis 206 transitional 922–3, 958, 961, ulnar impaction syndrome 191, 192, notch 215, 216 lumbosacral 681, 683, 684 967 193 nutrient canal 202 sacrocaudal 733, 734, 738, 742 tibiocalcaneal angle 989, 991 trigeminal bridge 449 polydactylia differential diagnosis wedge 661 tibiofibular joint 918, 920, 935, 936 trigeminal impression 482, 483 95, 100 see also atlas; axis; cervical verte- tibiotalar angle 989, 992 trigeminal nerve 489 posttraumatic lengthening 190 brae (C1-C2); cervical verte- tibiotalar tilt 977, 978 trigeminal neurinoma 442, 443, 489 short 194 brae (C3-C7); lumbar verte- hemophilia 979 trigeminal notch 482, 483 translocation 129 brae; sacral vertebrae; thoracic 335 trigonocephaly 392, 405 tumor 208 vertebrae toe, great 1096 tripod fracture 524–5 ulna, distal 186–201 vertebral arch 558 transverse partitions 1099, 1100 triquetrum 174–80 accessory bones 189 articular process 558 toes 1094–103 bony elements 177, 179 anomalies 189–94 chondrification 560 accessory bones 1096, 1097 calcification 179 chondrocalcinosis 198 development 559, 560 acro-osteolysis 1101 chondrocalcinosis 178 chondromalacia 190 spinous process 558 brachydactyly 1099, 1100 chondroma 176 contour ridge 188, 189 vertebral artery brachyphalangias 1099 dislocation 174–9 epiphyseal center 186 compression 636 bracketed diaphysis 1096, 1098, 1099 fracture 174–9 epiphyseal plate 186, 187 elongation/ectasia 601, 633 claw 1100 fusion with lunate 174 epiphyseolysis 194, 195 vertebral bodies 558 diabetic osteoarthropathy 1101 heterotopic ossification 177 epiphysis 189 cartilaginous end plate 558, 562 epiphyses 1094 necrosis 180 fractures 177, 194–7 cartilaginous marginal ridge 562 cone-shaped 1096, 1097 ossification center 174 inflammation 198 cervical 609, 612 duplicated 1094, 1101 osteoma 176 necrosis 197–8 fusion 620, 621 injuries 1101 targetoid ossification 178 normal variants 189–94 ossification centers 560 fractures 1101 ulnar impaction syndrome 191 ossification center 186, 189 transverse processes 558 hammer 1100 triradiate cartilage 804 persistent accessory 196 vertebral canal 558 mallet 1100 persistence 821 rickets 200, 201 vertebral foramen 558 necrosis 1101–2 trisomy1728 stress-induced widening of physis vestibular aqueduct narrowing 485 ossification centers 1094 trisomy 18 309 194–5 vestibular ganglion 479 osteomyelitis 1102 trisomy 21 see Down syndrome styloid process 189–90 vestibulocochlear nerve 464, 478, 479 spontaneous dactylolysis 1102 triticeal cartilage 495 avulsion fracture 196 Vidian canal 423, 522, 523 subungual exostoses 1102–3 trochanter erosions 198, 199 villonodular synovitis symphalangia 1099 greater 804, 807 fracture 177 hip joint 845–6 syndactyly 1099 lesser 804, 808, 809 morphology variation 198, 199 knee joint 945, 946, 947 synostosis 1100 avulsion fractures 834 necrosis 197, 198 proximal fibula 935 tumors 1103 duplication 823–4 transverse striations in cancellous violin-player's fingers 82 see also phalanges (toe) Looser zones 834 bone 200 virole see metaphyseal ring tonsils 423, 442 ossification center 804, 807 traumatic epiphyseal separation viscerocranium 358, 360–1, 363–4 tooth see teeth transformation processes 869 194 vitamin A excess 603 torticollis trochlea tumors 198 vitamin C deficiency 206 congenital 435 hypoplasia 225 ulna, proximal vitamin D overdose 772 muscular 598 ossification center 211, 213 fusion with radius 225 dense distal femoral metaphyses nasopharyngeal 598 osteochondritis dissecans 230 lucency 215 879 tracheal rings 493, 494 trochlear process 221 ossification center 210–11 tracheobronchopathia calcarea 493 Troell—Junet syndrome 378 ulnar clubhand 205 transscaphoid—perilunate dislocation Trummerfeld zones 206 ulnar impaction 173 W 127 tubercle of Chaput 982 ulnar impaction syndrome 172–3, transsphenoidal meningoencephalo- tuberculosis/tuberculous lesions 190–4, 225 Wegener granulomatosis 497 cele 451 calcification 384 ulnar impingement 173 maxillary sinus 515, 527 transverse ligament calvarium 397 ulnar styloid impaction syndrome 190 nasal septum 515 calcification 604 coxitis 844 index (USPI) 190 Whipple disease 706 ossification 603 cystic of bone 60 ulnar variance sacroiliac joint 757 trapezium 132–7 larynx 497 measurement 187 Wiberg sign 851 anomalies 132 lumbar vertebrae 700, 702 negative 169, 190, 192 Wien rib 344 calcification 135 mandible 545 positive 190, 191, 193 Wilson disease 71 dislocation 132–6 navicular bone 1053 ulnocarpal impaction 173 wormian bones 369 fracture 132–6 sacroiliitis 753–4 ulnolunate impaction 173 wrist see carpus necrosis 136 skull base 442 ulnoradial impingement 173 normal variants 132 subtalar joint arthritis 1009 ultrasonography 3 periarticular ossification 132 zygomatic arch 539 uncinate process 532 X synostoses 132, 133 tuberculous spondylitis uncovertebral joints 610 tendon sheath tumors 137 cervical vertebrae 598–9, 628 arthrosis 634, 635, 637 xiphoid process 322, 324 tubercle 132 lumbar vertebrae 700 degenerative arthritis 624 morphological variations 323 tumors 137 thoracic vertebrae 662 fractures 626 ossification 320 trapezoid 137–40 tuberous sclerosis 40, 41 Urbach—Wiethe syndrome 453 xiphosternal synchondrosis 322, 331 bipartite 137 calcification 386 uric arthropathy, sacroiliac joint 758 degenerative changes 338 fractures 138–40 lumbar vertebrae 708 utricle 478 osteoma 140 turbinate cycle 512 uvula 423, 442 pathological findings 137–40 Turner syndrome 124, 781 Y secondary 138, 139 turricephaly 391 synostosis 137 facial deformity 392 V Y sign 989, 993 trauma tympanic bone 466 Yune soft tissue index 81 bone 62 tympanic membrane rupture 470 vacuum phenomenon calvarium 393, 394 tympanosclerosis 488 cervical spine 634, 637 cervical spine 636 ulcerative colitis knee joint 937, 939 Z CSF leak 533 enteropathic spondylarthropathies lumbar vertebrae 710, 714, 715 distal phalanges (finger) 78–9 706 sacroiliac joint 758 zygoma, bipartite 538 knee joint 919, 949 sacroiliac joint 757 sternoclavicular joint 308, 318 zygomatic arch 538–9 labyrinthitis 486, 487 thoracic vertebrae 662, 665 zygomatic recess 519 lumbar vertebrae 678, 679 variants, normal 2–5 zygomaticocoronoid ankylosis 549 pelvic ring instability 699 U abnormality mimicking 2 zygomaticomaxillary fractures 524–5 petrous bone 470 identification 4–5 proximal phalanges (finger) 90 Ullrich—Turner syndrome 616 ulna