DOCSLIB.ORG

Prg4 4, 3% Prg1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prg4 4, 3% Prg1 NATIONAL CHERNOBYL REGISTRY OF RUSSIA: XA9745470 RADIATION RISKS ANALYSIS V.K.IVANOV, A.F.TSYB Medical Radiological Research Center (RAMS), Obninsk, Russian Federation 1. CURRENT STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL MEDICAL AND DOSIMETRIC REGISTRY Fig. 1 presents the information on the dynamics of the RNMDR registrant number growth in 1986-1995. As the fig. 1 shows during all these years of its existence the data base of the Federal level of the RNMDR kept accumulating medical dosimetric information and as of 1.09.95 comprises data on 435276 people from throughout the Russian Federation. 435276 370120 324146 251758 226928 206797 190O50 174262 111391 52708 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Fig. I. DjTiamics of RNMDR registrant number growth in 1986-1995. All the RNMDR registrants are divided into five primary registration groups (PRG): PRG 1 - emergency workers - 152325 (35,0 %); PRG 2 - evacuated and resettlers - 12889 (3,0 %); PRG 3 - residents (persons living or lived in monitoring territories) - 251246 (57,7 %); PRG 4 - children bom of emergency workers of 1986-1987 - 18816 (4,3 %). Fig. 2 demonstrates the distribution of persons registered in the RNMDR on their representation in regional centers (the registry of the Central Region does not include 4 contaminated oblasts - Bryansk, Kaluga, Orel and Tula as each of them has its own regional center). 143 ~~~i 8 - 5888 • ••) 5808-10888 435276 persons -vv3 leeae-aeeae ==sg aeeee-seeee > seaee INDUSTRIAL REGIONS B North H N-West @ Central H Volgo-Vjat [1 C.-Chern. ID Povolzh. H K-Caucas. II Urals 13 W-Siberia 5S E.-Siberia 53 Far East PRG4 4,3 % PRG1 Children 3,9% Adolescents 76,9% PRG2 3,0% Adults Fig. 2. Number of persons recorded in the RNMDR. Sex-age composition of the contingent registered in the RNMDR is the following: men 281775 64,7 %; women 153501 35,3 %. children 83598 19,2 %; adolescents 16906 3,9 %; adults 334772 76,9 %. 2 MORTALITY, MORBIDITY AND DISABILITY OF EMERGENCY WORKERS: FACTUAL DATA AND PROGNOSTICATION Fig. 3 illustrates the distribution density f(D) of external exposure doses for EWs included into the RNMDR system. As it is seen from fig. 3 the distribution of doses is of complicated character which is characterized by presence of several peaks (1, 5, 10 and 20-25 cGy). This distribution is obtained using superposition of distributions differing in dates of beginning the works by each emergency worker in the zone of radioactive contamination. With regard to the age distribution of EWs (the average age at the moment of the accident - 33 years) and dosimetric data, in Table I the prognostication of additional mortality of EWs from malignant neoplasms 20 years after the exposure is given. In particular, the excess radiation-induced mortality (attributive risk) from all malignant neoplasms was found to account for 2,8 %. On leukemia cases the analogous parameter will be equal to 23,6 % [1, 2], 144 f<D). 1/cGy OD). 1/eGy 0.15 0.075 • 0.1 th- 0.05 0.025 0 S 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 S 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 O. cGy . f(D). 1/cOy 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 X 35 40 45 50 D.cGy D.eGy . f(D). 1/cGy . f<D>. 1/cGy "•——y—•-•""T • 0 5 0 S 10 IS 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 D.cGy Fig. 3. Distributions f(D) of external exposure doses D for emergency workers registered in the RNMDR. Distributions f(D) for different dates of arrival in the contaminated territories (1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990) are demonstrated separately. Inside the oval the number of EWs (sample size) is indicated on each picture. TABLE I. PREDICTING LATE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MORTALITY FROM MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS AMONG EMERGENCY WORKERS 20 YEARS AFTER THE EXPOSURE Year of employ- Number Mean Collec- Excess cancer death Natural cancer death Attributive risk (%) ment of emer- absorbed tive dose due to the exposure in the gency dose (men'Gy) zone workers (cGy) leukemia all types leukemia all types ~ leukemia all types 1986 46575 15,9 7405,4 22 84 45 1945 32,8 4,1 1987 48077 8,95 4302,9 11 47 45 1952 19,6 2,4 1988 18208 3,3 600,9 2 7 17 768 10,5 1989 5475 3,2 175,2 - 2 6 234 7,4 ^0 1 1986- 118335 10,5 12483,1 35 140 113 4899 23,6 2,8 1989 145 The data of prognostication on mortality from malignant neoplasms are in a good agreement with the rates of mortality (observed in the RNMDR) from these causes for EWs (Fig. 4). Mortality of EWs from malignant neoplasms does not exceed the control rate. Dose dependence of mortality from malignant neoplasms is not revealed by us as well. So, the relative risk of mortality from malignant neoplasms among EWs received the doses higher than 25 cGy amounts to 1,4. However, 95% confidence interval of this estimate is within the range of 0,61-2,16 (i.e. it includes the value of 1,0) and does not allow one to make the conclusion about dose dependence. It should be noted that in spite of significant growth of the rate of mortality among EWs from all causes in 1990-1994 this index does not exceed the control values (Fig. 5). Thus, on mortality rates (from all causes and malignant neoplasms) the health effects actually observed during 9 years after the ChNPP accident are in a good agreement with prognostication estimates. 100 -r 95.4 98.8 £ O 80 a.o o o 60 8 O 60 o 45.1 a. 40 S S 20 + 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Fig. 4. Death rate of emergency workers from malignant neoplasms in 1990-1994. It is the more complicated problem related to prediction and interpretation of actual data by morbidity and disability rates for EWs [3]. Table II demonstrates the comparison of morbidity rates per 100 thousand people on general classes of diseases both for population of Russia as a whole and for EWs. It is clear from the Table II that morbidity rates of EWs in a series of cases do repeatedly exceed the analogous ones for population of Russia. Undeniably, level, completeness and quality of prophylactic medical examination of EWs differ much from the All-Russian practice. Really, peculiarities and quality of prophylactic medical examination of EWs are that for their examination the most currently available methods of diagnosis of diseases are applied, in so doing, the works listed are carried out by trained and competent specialists. In such a manner, according to the data of the MRRC of RAMS the establishment of primary registered diseases by specialists of this institution is several times higher than by local physicians. In this situation it is very difficult to choose an adequate review control group of comparison. Thus, on the cohort of EWs registered in the RNMDR two main conclusions may be done: - factual evidence for the period just ended and prognostication of total mortality rate as well as that from malignant neoplasms made on the basis of radiation risk coefficients by ICRP are in a good agreement with observed rates which do not exceed corresponding control values on the Russian Federation; - on morbidity and disability rates the EWs of 1986 and 1987 comprise the group of higher risk. 146 ** t • 4C * t *« t ..,...• IIBIM 1 il li —— 1 m 1 m l 1994 ;• * li t ** * * a ; o ' 33 o • D , L H ...... 1993 & • ** «« • ** 0 • fffMtft L £ . 0 1992 • •:• a ' id 1991 _ 1 i = — •••• 1990 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fig. 5. Death rate from all causes for EWs in economical regions of Russian Federation in 1990-1994. 1 - Russian Federation, 2 - North region, 3 - North-West region, 4 - Central region, 5 - Volgo-Vyatsky region, 6 - Central-Chernozem region, 7 - Povolzhsky region, 8 - North-Caucasus region, 9 - Urals region, 10 - West-Siberia region, 11 - East-Siberia region, 12 - Far East region; * p < 0,05; ** p < 0,01. TABLE II. COMPARISON OF MORBIDITY RATES PER 100000 PERSONS ON GENERAL CLASSES OF DISEASES FOR POPULATION OF RUSSIA AS A WHOLE AND EMERGENCY WORKERS ON 1993 Relationship Population of Emergency Classes of diseases among the Russia workers indices Neoplasms 788 747 0,9 Malignant neoplasmsa 140 233 1,6 Diseases of the endocrine system 327 6036 18,4 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 94 339 3,6 Mental disorders 599 5743 9,6 Diseases of the circulatory system 1472 6306 4,3 Diseases of the digestive system 2635 9739 3,7 All classes of diseases 50785 75606 1,5 a - For malignant neoplasms the standardized index on age distribution of emergency workers as of 1993 is given. 147 3. RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES DUE TO THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT AMONG POPULATION OF BRYANSK AND KALUGA OBLASTS, RADIATION RISKS IN INDUCTION OF THYROID CANCER It is known that among radiological consequences due to the ChNPP accident the thyroid tumours will play a decisive role within the framework of somatic stochastic radiation effects. Despite the fact that malignant thyroid tumours especially among children are of infrequent occurrence as compared with tumours of other localizations, nevertheless, an increasing level in induction of radiation thyroid cancers over spontaneous one would be expected. At the same time it is of importance to estimate the whole spectrum of malignant tumours of different localizations and, in particular, that of tumours being the most radiosensitive malignant neoplasms of hemopoietic system which are characterized by short latent period.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biogas Production in the Russian Federation: Current Status, Potential, and Barriers
    energies Article Biogas Production in the Russian Federation: Current Status, Potential, and Barriers Tatiana Nevzorova Industrial Economics and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Lindstedtsvägen 30, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] Received: 4 June 2020; Accepted: 9 July 2020; Published: 14 July 2020 Abstract: Russia has signed the Paris Agreement and recently approved its ratification. However, the Russian Government does not consider abandoning the production and use of hydrocarbons to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To meet the goals of the Agreement, Russia must find new innovative solutions. This study demonstrates that biogas is one of the most necessary renewable sources in Russia. Despite this, the deployment of biogas technologies is currently extremely slow. In this regard, to assess their subsequent impact on the Russian energy sector as a whole, it is important to identify the factors that hinder the wider implementation of biogas technologies. Based on the findings, the most critical barriers were identified and discussed in detail. In the light of the results, some policy-related recommendations are also proposed. Keywords: biogas; biomethane; barrier identification; Russia; renewable energy policy 1. Introduction The Paris Agreement, which was enacted in November 2016, aims to replace the Kyoto Protocol, has set the objective to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and keep the global average temperature rise below 2 ◦C compared to the pre-industrial level [1]. The document was signed by representatives of more than 170 countries, including Russia. However, Russia did not ratify it until recently. In September 2019, official news emerged that the Prime Minister of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev, has approved the ratification of the Paris Agreement [2,3].
    [Show full text]
  • Voter Alignments in a Dominant Party System: the Cleavage Structures of the Russian Federation
    Voter alignments in a dominant party system: The cleavage structures of the Russian Federation. Master’s Thesis Department of Comparative Politics November 2015 Ivanna Petrova Abstract This thesis investigates whether there is a social cleavage structure across the Russian regions and whether this structure is mirrored in the electoral vote shares for Putin and his party United Russia on one hand, versus the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and its leader Gennady Zyuganov on the other. In addition to mapping different economic, demographic and cultural factors affecting regional vote shares, this thesis attempts to determine whether there is a party system based on social cleavages in Russia. In addition, as the Russian context is heavily influenced by the president, this thesis investigates whether the same cleavages can explain the distribution of vote shares during the presidential elections. Unemployment, pensioners, printed newspapers and ethnicity create opposing effects during parliamentary elections, while distance to Moscow, income, pensioners, life expectancy, printed newspapers and ethnicity created opposing effects during the presidential elections. The first finding of this thesis is not only that the Russian party system is rooted in social cleavages, but that it appears to be based on the traditional “left-right” cleavage that characterizes all Western industrialized countries. In addition, despite the fact that Putin pulls voters from all segments of the society, the pattern found for the party system persists during presidential elections. The concluding finding shows that the main political cleavage in today’s Russia is between the left represented by the communists and the right represented by the incumbents.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic, Economic, Geospatial Data for Municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (Excluding the City of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast) in 2010-2016
    Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134 DOI 10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 DATA PAPER Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010-2016 Irina E. Kalabikhina1, Denis N. Mokrensky2, Aleksandr N. Panin3 1 Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Independent researcher 3 Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia Received 10 December 2019 ♦ Accepted 28 December 2019 ♦ Published 30 December 2019 Citation: Kalabikhina IE, Mokrensky DN, Panin AN (2019) Demographic, economic, geospatial data for munic- ipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010- 2016. Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 Keywords Data base, demographic, economic, geospatial data JEL Codes: J1, J3, R23, Y10, Y91 I. Brief description The database contains demographic, economic, geospatial data for 452 municipalities of the 16 administrative units of the Central Federal District (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) for 2010–2016 (Appendix, Table 1; Fig. 1). The sources of data are the municipal-level statistics of Rosstat, Google Maps data and calculated indicators. II. Data resources Data package title: Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Cen- tral Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010–2016. Copyright I.E. Kalabikhina, D.N.Mokrensky, A.N.Panin The article is publicly available and in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0) can be used without limits, distributed and reproduced on any medium, pro- vided that the authors and the source are indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • The State Hermitage Museum Annual Report 2012
    THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT n 2012 CONTENTS General Editor 4 Year of Village and Garden Mikhail Piotrovsky, General Director of the State Hermitage Museum, 6 State Hermitage Museum. General Information Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Awards Full Member of the Russian Academy of Arts, Professor of St. Petersburg State University, 20 Composition of the Hermitage Collection as of 1 January 2013 Doctor of History 40 Exhibitions 86 Restoration and Conservation 121 Publications EDITORIAL BOARD: 135 Electronic Editions and Video Films Mikhail Piotrovsky, 136 Conferences General Director of the State Hermitage Museum 141 Dissertations Georgy Vilinbakhov, 142 Archaeological Expeditions Deputy Director for Research 158 Major Construction and Restoration of the Buildings Svetlana Adaksina, Deputy Director, Chief Curator 170 Structure of Visits to the State Hermitage in 2012 Marina Antipova, 171 Educational Events Deputy Director for Finance and Planning 180 Special Development Programmes Alexey Bogdanov, Deputy Director for Maintenance 188 International Advisory Board of the State Hermitage Museum Vladimir Matveyev, 190 Guests of the Hermitage Deputy Director for Exhibitions and Development 194 Hermitage Friends Organisations Mikhail Novikov, 204 Hermitage Friends’ Club Deputy Director for Construction 206 Financial Statements of the State Hermitage Museum Mariam Dandamayeva, Academic Secretary 208 Principal Patrons and Sponsors of the State Hermitage Museum in 2012 Yelena Zvyagintseva, 210 Staff Members of
    [Show full text]
  • About Fertility Data for Russia
    HUMAN FERTILITY DATABASE DOCUMENTATION: RUSSIA Author: Evgeny Andreev New Economic School, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Last revision: 22 October 2020 Revised by Aiva Jasilioniene Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Revised by Olga Grigorieva Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Last revised by Inna Danilova Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 1 General information The collection of vital statistics in Russia began at the end of the 19th century. The annual production of tables of birth numbers by age of the mother started in 1933. The production of tables of birth numbers by age of the mother and birth order started in 1944. From 1946 onwards, the quality of these data (in terms of completeness) is considered satisfactory. The territorial coverage is described in section 2 of this report. Tables of the female population split by age and parity are available from the population censuses of 1979, 1989, 2002, and 2010. The data proprietor is the state statistical system and its central agency, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), online at www.gks.ru. 1.1 Data sources Rosstat has provided the HFD with a major portion of the Russian fertility data. Specifically, these are data on the following: births by age of the mother and birth order for the 1959-2018 period; monthly birth numbers for the 1956-2018 period; census data on the female population by parity and age according to the censuses of 1979, 1989, 2002, and 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Government Continues to Support Cattle Sector
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 6/17/2013 GAIN Report Number: RS1335 Russian Federation Post: Moscow Russian Government Continues to Support Cattle Sector Report Categories: Livestock and Products Policy and Program Announcements Agricultural Situation Approved By: Holly Higgins Prepared By: FAS/Moscow Staff Report Highlights: Russia’s live animal imports have soared in recent years, as the Federal Government has supported the rebuilding of the beef and cattle sector in Russia. This sector had been in continual decline since the break-up of the Soviet Union, but imports of breeding stock have resulted in a number of modern ranches. The Russian Federal and oblast governments offer a series of support programs meant to stimulate livestock development in the Russian Federation over the next seven years which are funded at hundreds of billions of Russian rubles (almost $10 billion). These programs are expected to lead to a recovery of the cattle industry. Monies have been allocated for both new construction and modernization of old livestock farms, purchase of domestic and imported of high quality breeding dairy and beef cattle, semen and embryos; all of which should have a direct and favorable impact on livestock genetic exports to Russia through 2020. General Information: Trade Russia’s live animal imports have soared in recent years, as the Federal Government has supported the rebuilding of the beef and cattle sector in Russia. This sector has been in decline since the break-up of the Soviet Union, but imports of breeding stock have resulted in a number of modern ranches which are expected to lead to a recovery of the cattle industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject of the Russian Federation)
    How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Success and Failure of Russian Sezs: Some Policy Lessons
    117 The success and failure of Russian SEZs: some policy lessons Alexey Kuznetsov and Olga Kuznetsova* This paper examines the economic efficiency of Russian special economic zones (SEZs) established by federal authorities since 2005. The results are mixed: the payback of SEZs is low, but they continue to attract residents; SEZs have greater attractiveness for foreign investment, but their sectoral structure is fundamentally no better than the country-wide structure; SEZs’ enterprises have higher labour productivity than the country, but mainly owing to their recent creation. The common bottlenecks of SEZ development are the instability of legislation on SEZs, the low level of federal authorities’ activity in SEZ development before the economic crisis, competition with other preferential regimes for investors and the long period of searching for the optimal system of SEZ management. Differences in the efficiency of particular SEZs are explained by the peculiarities of the territories where SEZs are established. SEZs are successful if they are created on sites that enjoy a favourable geographic position and in regions that have advanced levels of industrial development. Keywords: Special economic zones, SEZs, Russia, foreign residents of SEZs, efficiency of SEZs 1. Introduction Special economic zones (SEZs) have been established in many countries. There are many different types, which vary significantly in terms of countries’ level of economic development, GDP structure, specialization in international trade, and sectoral factors. Many studies on SEZs have been conducted. We remember, for example, a long list of articles and even books on the rather successful experience of Chinese SEZs. Nevertheless, the Russian experience with SEZs is rather poorly studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Registration Plates of Russia
    Vehicle registration plates of Russia Russian registration plate, as observed in 2007 -177 stands for Moscow. Russian registration plate, as observed in 2007 -51 stands for Murmansk Oblast. Russian registration plate, as observed in 2004 -78 stands for Saint-Petersburg. Russian registration plate for trailers In Russia, the plate format has changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Soviet plates prior to 1982 were white-on-black. They had combination of four digits, grouped by two and three Cyrillic letters. Rear plate was square with letters located below the numbers. From those letters, first two indicated the region. For example, 75-63 КЛЖ combination referred to a car from the Kaliningrad Region. After 1982 a new black-on-white format for newly registered cars was adopted. The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve legibility of the numbers for Russian cars abroad, only a small subset of Cyrillic characters that look like Latin characters are used (12 letters: А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, У, Х). Finally, the region number (77, 99, 97, 177 and now 199 for Moscow, 78 and 98 for Saint-Petersburg) and letters "RUS" are included, as well as the national flag (the flag was not used on some of the earliest plates of this format). There is a different format for trailers (4 digits and 2 letters). The standard size for the license plate is 520 mm by 110 mm. Trucks and buses generally have their license numbers painted on them in large letters on the rear of the vehicle, although they also bear license plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Diversity of Cause-Of-Death Patterns and Trends in Russia
    Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY www.demographic-research.org DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 12, ARTICLE 13, PAGES 323-380 PUBLISHED 28 JUNE 2005 www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol12/13 DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2005.12.13 Research Article Geographical diversity of cause-of-death patterns and trends in Russia Jacques Vallin Evgeni Andreev France Meslé Vladimir Shkolnikov © 2005 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 324 2 Data and methods 335 2.1 Grouping causes of death 335 2.2 Hierarchical cluster analysis 336 2.2.1 Period-specific geographical patterns 338 2.2.2 Time-scale overall geographical patterns 339 3 To each period its own geographical pattern of 339 causes of death 3.1 1969-1970 342 3.2 1978-79 344 3.3 1988-89 346 3.4 1993-94 348 4 Constant geographical contrasts 350 5 Four main clusters explanatory of how 358 geographical contrasts contribute to general mortality dynamics 5.1 Mortality dynamics by clusters 358 5.2 Contribution of geographical dynamics to all- 363 Russia mortality changes 6 Conclusion 365 7 Acknowledgements 367 References 368 Annex I 371 Annex II 374 Annex III 378 Annex IV 379 Demographic Research: Volume 12, Article 13 a research article Geographical diversity of cause-of-death patterns and trends in Russia Jacques Vallin 1 Evgeni Andreev 2 France Meslé 3 Vladimir Shkolnikov 4 Abstract This paper performs a systematic analysis of all currently available Russian data on mortality by region, census year (1970, 1979, 1989, and 1994) and cause of death.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution # 784 of the Government of the Russian Federation Dated July
    Resolution # 784 of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 17, 1998 On the List of Joint-Stock Companies Producing Goods (Products, Services) of Strategic Importance for Safeguarding National Security of the State with Federally-Owned Shares Not to Be Sold Ahead of Schedule (Incorporates changes and additions of August 7, August 14, October 31, November 14, December 18, 1998; February 27, August 30, September 3, September 9, October 16, December 31, 1999; March 16, October 19, 2001; and May 15, 2002) In connection with the Federal Law “On Privatization of State Property and Fundamental Principles of Privatizing Municipal Property in the Russian Federation”, and in accordance with paragraph 1 of Decree # 478 of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 11, 1995 “On Measures to Guarantee the Accommodation of Privatization Revenues in thee Federal Budget” (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1995, # 20, page 1776; 1996, # 39, page 4531; 1997, # 5, page 658; # 20, page 2240), the Government of the Russian Federation has resolved: 1. To adopt the List of Joint-Stock Companies Producing Goods (Products, Services) of Strategic Importance for Safeguarding National Security of the State with Federally-Owned Shares Not to Be Sold Ahead of Schedule (attached). In accordance with Decree # 1514 of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 2001, pending the adoption by the President of the Russian Federation in concordance with Article 6 of the Federal Law “On Privatization of State and Municipal Property” of lists of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies, changes and additions to the list of joint-stock companies adopted by this Resolution shall bee introduced by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation issued on the basis of Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Regional Flags: Flags of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
    Russian Federal Subjects 33 Flag Descriptions: Federal Subjects Names of the federal subjects are first given in the most common English- language version, followed by the official name in Russian and a transliteration of that name into Latin characters. Republics are typically called just by their short names, but other federal subjects will be called by their full names to avoid con- fusion with cities of the same names. Descriptions are listed alphabetically by the English name of the subject. In addition to information about the flag, each entry identifies the subject’s federal district, the name of the capital city or administrative center, and the population as of 1 January 2009. Federal Districts of the Russian Federation (Source: Wikipedia Commons). 1. Central Federal District 5. Siberian Federal District 2. Southern Federal District 6. Urals Federal District 3. Northwestern Federal District 7. Volga Federal District 4. Far Eastern Federal District 34 Russian Regional Flags Registration of Flags and Arms The heraldic authority for the Russian Federation is the Heraldic Council, created by a presidential decree in 1996. It serves as an advisory body on heraldic issues and as an authority for the registration of official symbols in the Russian Federation. Registration of federal subjects’ symbols is optional and does not affect their legal status. However, the registration process creates a uniform system of heraldry in the Russian Federation, ensures that symbols conform to heraldic stan- dards, and applies federal protection to registered territorial symbols. While many federal subjects have registered their flags and arms with the Council, a number remain unregistered, either because they do not conform to heraldic standards or because the registration process has yet to be completed.20 20.
    [Show full text]