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http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field Committee on the Fundamentals of Computer Science: Challenges and Opportunities, National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-54529-3, 208 pages, 6 x 9, (2004) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html Computer Science Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field Committee on the Fundamentals of Computer Science: Challenges and Opportunities Computer Science and Telecommunications Board THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant No. CCR-9981754. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommenda- tions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09301-5 (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-54529-3 (PDF) Copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 in the Washington metropolitan area; Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating soci- ety of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedi- cated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its mem- bers, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advis- ing the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal govern- ment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering commu- nities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html COMMITTEE ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES MARY SHAW, Carnegie Mellon University, Chair ALFRED V. AHO, Columbia University CHARLES H. BENNETT, IBM Research ALAN BIERMANN, Duke University EDWARD W. FELTEN, Princeton University JAMES D. FOLEY, Georgia Institute of Technology MARK D. HILL, University of Wisconsin at Madison JON M. KLEINBERG, Cornell University DAPHNE KOLLER, Stanford University JAMES R. LARUS, Microsoft Research TOM M. MITCHELL, Carnegie Mellon University CHRISTOS H. PAPADIMITRIOU, University of California, Berkeley LARRY L. PETERSON, Princeton University MADHU SUDAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology KEVIN J. SULLIVAN, University of Virginia JEFFREY D. ULLMAN, Stanford University and Gradience Corporation Staff JON EISENBERG, Senior Program Officer and Study Director LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Program Officer D.C. DRAKE, Senior Project Assistant (through November 2003) v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD DAVID LIDDLE, U.S. Venture Partners, Co-Chair JEANNETTE M. WING, Carnegie Mellon University, Co-Chair ERIC BENHAMOU, 3Com Corporation DAVID D. CLARK, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CSTB Member Emeritus WILLIAM DALLY, Stanford University MARK E. DEAN, IBM Systems Group DEBORAH L. ESTRIN, University of California, Los Angeles JOAN FEIGENBAUM, Yale University HECTOR GARCIA-MOLINA, Stanford University KEVIN KAHN, Intel Corporation JAMES KAJIYA, Microsoft Corporation MICHAEL KATZ, University of California, Berkeley RANDY H. KATZ, University of California, Berkeley WENDY A. KELLOGG, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center SARA KIESLER, Carnegie Mellon University BUTLER W. LAMPSON, Microsoft Corporation, CSTB Member Emeritus TERESA H. MENG, Stanford University TOM M. MITCHELL, Carnegie Mellon University DANIEL PIKE, GCI Cable and Entertainment ERIC SCHMIDT, Google Inc. FRED B. SCHNEIDER, Cornell University WILLIAM STEAD, Vanderbilt University ANDREW J. VITERBI, Viterbi Group, LLC CHARLES BROWNSTEIN, Director KRISTEN BATCH, Research Associate JENNIFER M. BISHOP, Program Associate JANET BRISCOE, Administrative Officer JON EISENBERG, Senior Program Officer RENEE HAWKINS, Financial Associate MARGARET MARSH HUYNH, Senior Project Assistant HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Program Officer JANICE SABUDA, Senior Project Assistant BRANDYE WILLIAMS, Staff Assistant For more information on CSTB, see its Web site at <http://www.cstb.org>, write to CSTB, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washing- ton, DC 20001, call at (202) 334-2605, or e-mail the CSTB at [email protected]. vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11106.html Preface he blossoming of computer science (CS) research is evident in the information technology that has migrated from a specialized tool T confined to the laboratory or corporate back office to a ubiquitous presence in machines and devices that now figure in the lives of virtually every individual. This widespread diffusion
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