PROCEEDINGS OF THE

107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS BANGALORE, 2020

PART II

SECTION OF ANIMAL, VETERINARY AND FISHERY SCIENCES

PRESIDENT: PROF. PRAKASH CHANDRA JOSHI

CONTENTS

I. Presidential Address 5

II. Abstracts of Platinum Jubilee Lecture / Award Lectures 31

III. Abstracts of Symposium / Invited Lectures 37

IV. Abstracts of Oral / Poster Presentations 99

V. List of Past Sectional Presidents 515 107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

JANUARY, 3-7, 2020 BANGALORE

I PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

PRESIDENT: PROF. PRAKASH CHANDRA JOSHI (4) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SUSTAINING RURAL LIVELIHOOD: AN ENTOMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN HIGH ALTITUDE AREAS

Prakash Chandra Joshi

President, Animal, Veterinary and Fisheries Sciences, 107th ISC Dept. Of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ever since there origin some four hundred million years ago in the Devonian period in Paleozoic era, the insects have continued to be the largest class of animals, comprising over 60% of described taxa in the animal kingdom. At the species level, there is no doubt that insects make up the most of the world’s biodiversity of all the 1.7 million species described. Insects are the most numerous, most diverse and ecologically most important terrestrial animals. Numbering over 1,000,000 species, insects were the first organisms to successfully colonise land. They have concurred almost all habitats. The role allotted to all these tiny creatures in the grand scheme of nature is to eat and be eaten. People in high altitude regions already live in a fragile landscape. Their marginalization makes them even more sensitive to environmental degradation. Practices in farming and grazing that enabled people to thrive in the past may not continue to be effective as ecosystems degrade, population dynamics shift and a rapidly changing world puts pressure on communities.

Insects are an inseparable part of the ecosystem and influence the process of the ecology and environment directly and indirectly in various ways. Bees and other associated insect involved in various ecological services are one of the most efficient biodiversity indicators in the planet earth. The presence of bees and butterflies directly indicates the source of flowering resources nearby of their flight range. Mother Nature has very kind for developing an inseparable symbiotic interaction between plants and insects in numerous forms of interactions.

(5) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address Insects are the key components of essentially every terrestrial food web. Herbivorous insects, which make up the majority, eat plants, using the chemical energy plants derive from sunlight to synthesize animal tissues and organs. The job is a big one, and is split into many different callings. Caterpillars and grasshoppers chew plant leaves, aphids and planthoppers suck their juices, bees steal their pollen and drink their nectar, while beetles and flies eat their fruits and devastate their roots. Even the wood of huge trees is eaten by wood-boring insect larvae. In turn, these plant-eating insects are themselves eaten, being captured, killed or parasitized by yet more insects. All of these are, in their turn, consumed by still larger creatures. Even when plants die and are turned to mush by fungi and bacteria, there are insects that specialize in eating them. Going up the food chain, each animal is less and less fussy about what kind of food it will eat. While a typical herbivorous insect might consume only one species of plant, insectivorous animals (mostly arthropods, but also many birds and mammals) don’t much care about what kind of insect they catch. This is why there are so many more kinds of insects than birds or mammals. Insects play many important roles, not only in maintaining the various natural phenomenon but also in sustaining the lively hood of a large population particularly of those living in rural parts of the country. The important roles they play include insects as food, as decomposers, pollinators, seed dispersals, nutrient cycling, vectors, indicators of pollution and climate change. Then they also provide us honey, silk, lac and a number of products with different uses. A number of insects do have medicinal values e. g Ayurveda practitioners apply a compound of termite sand and mustard oil around patients’ thighs, suffering from arthritis, leaving the mixture in place for approximately 25 minutes or until a burning sensation develops. Treatments continue for 25 minutes each day until patients experience relief. Maggot therapy is used with patients whose wounds failed to respond to antibiotics, the use of bee products for medicinal purposes stands out as one of the few “alternative” medicines that have its own technical term—”apitherapy,”. Similarly, there are many more reports, where insects or their products are being used as medicines. However, in recent years our planet earth has experienced a process of climate change i.e. the phenomenon of altered rainfall, temperature, humidity variations, prolongation or shorting of seasons, these all have not only impacted the global faunal as well as floral diversity in general but to the diversity of insects in particular, which largely require a particular temperature. Humidity and food resources for laying their eggs and developing the young ones.

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INTRODUCTION

Rural communities typically depend on the continued maintenance of natural resources for their day-to-day survival. A good land base, fertile soils, regular water supply, and protection against climatic extremes all enable human consumption, production and settlement to take place. All types of natural systems yield resources that are used directly to generate income and subsistence, sometimes as a community’s sole livelihood source and often in combination with other production systems. These natural resources tend to be particularly important for poorer households and at times of stress, and often provide the ultimate safety-net when other sources of subsistence and income fail. Community livelihood activities however sometimes contribute to the degradation of the very natural systems they depend on. Almost all forms of human production and consumption have the potential to deplete, convert, pollute or otherwise degrade natural systems. Activities such as overgrazing, over-fishing, conversion of forest and wetlands to agriculture and unsustainable wildlife utilization all degrade and deplete natural systems directly. As natural systems become degraded, livelihoods are progressively weakened and the economic welfare of communities suffers. Conversely, nature conservation can provide a means of sustaining and strengthening community livelihoods. Recognizing that local economies depend intimately on the availability and quality of natural resources, conservation has become an increasingly important component of rural development activities. Simultaneously there has been a growing recognition that local economic concerns play a central role in natural resource management, and most strategies for nature conservation now involve and benefit local communities in some way. Both development and conservation efforts aim to make it economically desirable for local communities to maintain the status and integrity of nature (Lucy Emerton, http://economics.iucn.org).

Insects are the most dominant group of animals, not only throughout the globe (10, 53, 578 species) and Indian diversity (65,047 species) but in the Indian Himalayan region, they have been identified in equally good numbers. This includes about 24,784 species under 26 orders, which makes 38.1% of the total known diversity of India. They can be seen in poles, deserts, caves, rivers estuaries, etc. They far surpass all other terrestrial animals in number and practically occur everywhere. Insects represent a dominant component of

(7) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address biodiversity in most terrestrial ecosystems yet they have largely been neglected in studies on the role of biodiversity in nutrient cycling, pollination and in decomposition or more generally the functioning of the ecosystem. Insects have lived on earth for more than 350 million years- compared with less than 2 million for men. During this time they have evolved in many directions to become adapted to life in almost every type of habitat and have developed many unusual, picturesque, and even amazing features. Man benefits from insects in many ways; without them, human society could not exist in the present form.

When naming the most important organisms in any terrestrial ecosystem, insects are often forgotten. They do however play a central role in plant reproduction, soil fertility, sustained forest health and diversity. If one compares the importance of various groups of organisms from the point of view of the biomass or diversity of species, then the dominance of trees in relation to the biomass is clear but on the other hand, the dominance of insects is also clear in terms of the biodiversity. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) classified ecosystem services into four categories: provisioning services such as food and fresh water; regulating services such as flood and disease control; cultural services such as spiritual, recreational, and cultural benefits that directly impact on people’s lives; and supporting services such as the nutrient cycling needed to maintain other services. In the context of agro-ecosystem services, pollination is recognized as a regulating service, as it is essential for sustenance of many crops of agroecosystem and wild flora through fertilization and development of the seed.

Ecosystem services carried out by insects,i.e. the benefits that humans obtain from different ecosystems, where insects are the important constituents, are vital for rural livelihoods. Mountain agroecosystems not only provide agricultural commodities such as food and fibre, but also help protect biodiversity, water, carbon storage, and landscape amenity. However, recent environmental change coupled with other stressors is affecting the ability of mountain agro-ecosystems to continue to provide the quality and quantity of ecosystem services required for sustainable rural livelihoods (Gentle &Maraseni2012; Shrestha et al. 2012; Baral2013). For this reason, the effects of changing climate on the provision of ecosystem services is becoming an increasingly important area of investigation (MEA 2005; Shrestha et al. 2012; Baral 2013; Baral, Keenan, Sharma, et al. 2014). Global climate change scenarios suggest that there will be considerable impacts on ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services

(8) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences with serious consequences for the livelihoods of communities, particularly in the most economically challenged parts of the world (IPCC 2001; Agrawal & Perrin 2008; ICIMOD 2010; Van de Sand 2012).

When insect numbers decrease everything higher up in the food web will suffer. This is already happening. There are an awful lot of insects. It’s hard to say exactly how many because 80% haven’t yet been described by taxonomists, but there are probably about 5.5 m species. Put that number together with other kinds of animals with exoskeletons and jointed legs, known collectively as arthropods – this includes mites, spiders and woodlice – and there are probably about 7m species in all.

Despite their ubiquity in the animal kingdom, the number of insects is declining, as surveys indicated that insects everywhere are declining at an alarming rate. This could mean the extinction of 40% of the world’s insect species over the next few decades.

What is particularly worrying is that we don’t know exactly why populations are declining. Agricultural intensification and pesticides are likely a big part of the problem, but it’s certainly more complicated than that, and habitat loss and climate change could also play a part. Insects are ecologically important and if they were to disappear, the consequences for agriculture and wildlife would be dire.

HIGH ALTITUDE ECOSYSTEMS

Within agricultural systems, the agricultural biodiversity fulfills a number of important roles, including food and livelihood security. Dynamic and complex rural livelihoods usually rely on plant, animal and ecosystems’ diversity (Thresher, 1992), both wild and in different stages of domestication. Different types of biodiversity and natural resources conserved and used by different people at different times and in different places, contribute to the sustainable livelihood strategies in a complex fashion. In addition to contributing to environmental sustainability, agricultural biodiversity saved by local people helps to sustain many production functions both in low external input and high input-output agriculture (Pimbert, 1999 and UNEP-CBD, 1999).

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Mountain people already live in a fragile landscape. Their marginalization makes them even more sensitive to environmental degradation. Practices in farming and grazing that enabled people to thrive in the past may not continue to be effective as ecosystems degrade, population dynamics shift and a rapidly changing world puts pressure on communities. Most people practice the indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) to manage and enhance biodiversity and natural resources, which are generated through learning (Pretty, 1998), saturated with spirit and culture (Posey, 1999), became tuned to local needs over centuries and detailed knowledge allowed people to adapt to social and ecological change (Warren, 1992). They have thus played a central role in shaping nature’s diversity and its associated functions. Both natural processes and human management have generated and sustained a vast array of genetic, species and ecological diversity.

Continuous researches and finding the alternative sources of livelihood and supporting mountain people in adapting to rapid and unpredictable change is an important area particularly when we are witnessing the fast climatic changes in the Himalayan region. So, researching and piloting programs on high-value products, innovative livelihood options, and rural income generation strategies must lie at the heart of efforts to help the people of living in the high altitude areas so as to make them able to cope with the effects of socioeconomic and environmental changes.

Traditionally, horticulture, agriculture, dairy and collection of forest products have been the primary sources of sustaining the livelihood of rural folks in these areas. Reducing poverty and improving the environment must be linked together if the livelihoods of mountain people are to be sustainable for the future.

Because only a small fraction of the material of one kind of organism is transformed into that of its predators, each successive stage in the food chain contains less and less living matter. Even though efficiency in this process is known to be greater higher up the food chain, the animals “at the top” represent only a few percent of the total biomass. This is why big, fierce animals are rare.

Due to their vast diversity, insects have a great potential to be used in different ways, this may include the utilization of insects for edible and therapeutic purposes. Insects are high in protein and many are rich sources of vitamins and minerals. Insects are also used for deriving

(10) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences various products for industrial utilization like the utilization of silkworm, honeybee, lac insect, dye insect, and aesthetic insect. Another significant utilization of insects is their potential of ecological importance. Many insect species act as potential predators and parasites of destructive pests of insect order Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera. Insects are also used in forensic investigations. By analyzing the stages of succession of insects at first, a rough estimation of the post-mortem intervals can be done. Insects are also used as bio- indicator to assess the cumulative effects of environmental stressors such as pollutants. Despite these fascinating benefits, insect resources are often neglected in India due to lack of proper documentation, less expertise, and advance enterprises in these fields (Lokeshwari and Shanibala, 2010)

1. FOOD CHAIN SUSTAINABILITY : With increasing human population (expected to be more than 9.6 billion by 2050) and per capita demand for protein, there is need to double the protein production and increase global food production by an estimated 60% from current levels (Steinfeld et al., 2006; Pelletier and Tyedmers, 2010). The world’s human population increases by about 70 million people each year. The United Nations expects the human population to grow to more than 9 billion by 2050, adding twice the current population of China (Dzamba, 2010; Safina, 2011; Vogel, 2010). Humans consume roughly 40% of the biomass that the land and the coastal seas produce (Safina, 2011). Approximately 70% of agricultural land and 30% of the total land on Earth is used to raise livestock (Steinfeld et al., 2006). Food reserves are at a 50-year low, yet demand for food is expected to increase by 50% by 2030. Relying on food strategies including livestock production to feed our ever-growing human population seems to be impossible.

To cope with this situation, food sources other than traditional food crops and animals are being explored, and insects could be an affordable and nutritious alternative and can address the current gloomy picture of food security (Gahukar, 2011a). Fortunately, insects provide a very promising alternative to other livestock. They can be farmed using fewer resources such as land, water, energy, and feed than livestock while providing more protein and contributing less to climate change due to generating lower greenhouse gas emissions and lower levels of pollutants such as ammonia

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Many insects contribute on a regular basis to the Indian diet. Ants, bees, termites, caterpillars, water bugs, beetle larvae, flies, crickets, katydids, cicadas,and dragonfly nymphs are among a long list of edible insects that provide nutrition for the people, not only in our country but also in many parts of Asia, Australia,Africa, South America, the Middle East, and the Far East. Humans eat over 1,000 insect species worldwide. Edible insect harvest was a part of the annual rounds of food procurement. Not all insects are edible. Some insects are toxic and may create allergy problems. Some insects such as the mormon cricket, grasshoppers and Pandora moth caterpillars yielded a very high energy return for the energy expended in their harvest, often much higher than return rates from seeds or other plant food resources. When dried, the insects were storable for use as winter food. It is agreed that edible insects might help feed the world.

2. INSECTS AS FOOD FOR OTHER ORGANISMS:

Insects supplement the diets of approximately 2 billion people and have always been a part of human diets. However, it is only recently that entomophagy has captured the attention of the media, research institutions, chefs and other members of the food industry, legislators and agencies dealing with food and feed. The Edible Insects Programme at FAO also examines the potential of arachnids (e.g. spiders and scorpions) for food and feed, although by definition these are not insects.

Insects represent an important food source for a wide variety of other animal species. Freshwater gamefish such as trout, bass, and bream feed extensively on aquatic insects like mayflies, stoneflies, or hellgrammites. Artificial “flies” used by anglers are often made to resemble a fish’s natural prey. Many toads, frogs, turtles, snakes, and lizards also consume insects as a major part of their diet. Insectivory is common among land-dwelling birds. The lives of many bird species depend on a plentiful supply of insects. Purple martins, barn swallows, vireos, warblers, flickers, whippoorwills, and swifts, for example, survive almost exclusively on insects. Other birds (such as egrets, quail, geese, plovers, snipes, and bluebirds) have a more varied diet, but they still derive a large percentage of their total nutrition from insects. There are even some insectivorous mammals: shrews, moles, bats, armadillos, and anteaters. When other food is scarce, even foxes, raccoons, skunks, and bears will turn to insects as a source of food.

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3. HUMAN FOOD: The thought of eating insects may be very unsettling to most people in this day and age. However, in many cultures, insects and other arthropods have been eaten as a staple and/or as a delicacy. Insects were undoubtedly an important source of nutrition for early human ancestors. Currently, many universities study this process, using the term Micro-livestock to categorize the insects that can be eaten. In some parts of the world, insects used for human food are termed as Entomophagy.

In many parts of world-specific recipes for certain regional insects have been developed and include the eating of insects as part of their daily diet. Hundreds of species have been used as human food. Some of the more important groups include grasshoppers, caterpillars, beetle grubs and (sometimes) adults, winged termites (some of which are very large in the tropics), bee, wasp and ant brood (larvae and pupae) as well as winged ants, cicadas, and a variety of aquatic insects. Ordinarily, insects are not used as emergency food to ward off starvation, but are included as a planned part of the diet throughout the year or when seasonally available.

In general, insects provide a high source of protein and area relatively inexpensive to purchase in many developing countries as compared to meat products. Typically, the insects that are most popular to eat are those that can be gathered quickly and in large amounts. Taste is also a factor in selecting insects, as many can be eaten either raw or cooked, while others are used as ingredients to produce other food items, such as being used as an additive to flour. Other cultures around the world have made insects the main ingredient in their diets, providing an excellent source of protein. Insects are an inexpensive substitute for meat in many developing countries. Their nutritional value is equal to if not better than our traditional meat choices. According to the Entomological Society of America, by weight, termites, grasshoppers, caterpillars, weevils, houseflies, and spiders are better sources of protein than beef, chicken, pork or lamb. Also, insects are low in cholesterol and low in fat. These insect parts make some food products more nutritious. According to one study, 80% of the world’s population eats insects intentionally and 100% eat them unintentionally. Nutritionally, insects are high in protein, fat (and thus energy) and many of the important vitamins and minerals.

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Grasshoppers are easily available in the month of August and September in the local market nearby Dimapur and Kohima. Roasting are frequently used methods of cooking, after removing the wings and legs of grasshoppers and crickets. Grasshoppers are usually collected after the harvest of paddy, especially at night. The wings and stomach of the insect are removed, washed with clean water and then fried in vegetable oil with the ingredients like ginger, garlic, chilly, salt, onion, fermented bamboo shoot, etc. Water is usually not added and it is cooked dry. It can be collected from the field and also can be purchased from the market. Some people are allergic to grasshoppers. Almost all the people in the village have followed this practice since time immemorial. Tribal People of Kandhamal, oraput, Sundergarh, Keonjhar, and Mayurbhanjdistricts of Orissa, eat red ant, and termite. Roasting is frequently used as a method of cooking. They eat roasted insects. Termites were collected at the time of swarming, while red ants were collected as and when required from the plants where the nest of ant were found 11. The villagers of Pithra village of Simdega district of Jharkhand as an ethnic food eat eggs of Demta, a red ant found on the trees. These ants fold the leaf of tree and reside inside. They lay eggs also in the curled leaf. These eggs are collected from the trees and fried with salt, chilly, spices and mustard oil and taken as food.

4. INSECTS AS MEDICINES

Modern medicine has begun mastering and applying the ancient traditions, rigorously testing timeless remedies, generally proving their value and showing their great promise. Biochemists and pharmacists are especially confirming insects’ value as sources of powerful anti- inflammatories, stimulants, and pain relievers. One of the most commonly used insects in medicinal purposes is the blowfly larvae. During World War II, military surgeons noticed that wounds healed better when infested with blowfly larvae maggots. The larvae secreted a chemical called allantoin which had a curative effect. Thus insects have been used to cure various ailments and various therapies can be described as :

Maggot Therapy. ...

Bee Venom Therapy. ...

Ant Venom to Treat Arthritis. ...

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Green Tree Ants used as Medicine by Australia Aborigines. ...

Army Ants Used for Wound Sutures. ...

Cobwebs Used for Wound Dressing. ...

The Powerfull Cantharidin from Blister Beetles. ...

Cockroaches Brain Could Be Used As Antibiotics.

Holochloraindica ((Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is used for the treatment of ulcers and is consumed as a tonic in parts of Manipur. Diacrisia oblique (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is used in dog bite and freshly laid eggs of this insect are eaten as well as applied on the affected parts. Stompho sististhraustica (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) the dried full-grown larvae or powder are consumed in combination with herb mainly, Amdrgraphes paniculata to cure common fever and to increase the flow of milk in lactating woman in Chhatisgarh. The extraction of the roasted orthopteran insect are consumed along with water in liver disorders in the state of Nagaland. Batocera titana (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is used to heal wounds and the larvae of this insect are eaten. Similarly, the extraction of roasted Periplaneta americana is used to treat asthma and tuberculosis in the parts of Arunachal Pradesh.

Stomphastis thraustica is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. Traditional healers using this insect as a medicinal insect since decades, in Chhattisgarh. The larvae collected just before the pupation is considered best for the preparation of medicine. The powderof larvae of this insect is given internally with lukewarm water in order to increase the flow of milk in lactating women. Many healers use the decoction of powder to get more promising effects. The traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh use the larvae in the treatment of common fever. For the preparation of medicine, they dry the larvae in the moonlight and convert it into powder. This powder is taken internally in combination with other herbs mainly Kalmegh (Andrographispaniculata).

A common practice in North Gujarat is to feed animals, which fail to come into heat with two or three grasshoppers along with chapatti (bread) or fodder. It is believed that animal comes into heat within 15 days after this treatment. The single treatment cycle is enough to

(15) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address get the desired result. The grasshopper is locally called titighodo. It is generally found during the rainy season on cactus (Euphorbia sp) and akada (Calotropissp). It has yellow and greenish stripes on the body. Natives of Sambar Village of Chhattisgarh use common agricultural pest Kambal Keeda (Diacrisia oblique) in case of the dog bite. The patients are advised to eat freshly laid minute eggs in order to reduce the effect of a dog bite. It is also applied externally in affected parts. It is promising treatment and since generations, they are using it successfully.

Bhavri Keeda, an aquatic insect, used in other villages of the Bagbahera region, in treatment of dog bite. Lumbermen in early Man ate carpenter ants, supposedly to prevent scurvy. Fly larvae (maggots) were formerly used to treat wounds to prevent or stop gangrene, as they would only consume dead flesh. This treatment is finding modern usage in some hospitals. Chemicals produced by insects against self-defense can be used for antibacterial and anticancer drugs. Pierisin, a protein purified from the pupa of cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae exhibits cytotoxic effects against human gasteris cancer. Extract of body fluids of other cabbage butterflies, P. brassicae and P. napialso contains Pierisin.

Butterflies produce antibacterial proteins including cecropins, defensins, and lysozymes. Cercopin has also been reported to be cytotoxic against mammalian lymphoma and leukemia cells. Butterflies may be a good source of novel bioactive materials such as an anti-bacterial, anticancer drug. In India 1,501 species of butterflies are found, has tremendous potential in butterfly bioprospecting.

Forensic Entomology: The first recorded incident where insects were used in a criminal investigation was in 13th-century China as described in Sung Tzu’s book called The washing away of wrongs. According to Smith (1986) four categories of insects can be found on decomposing carrion: i) Necrophagous species feeding on the carrion; ii) Predators and parasites feeding on the necrophagous species: this group also contains schizophagous species which feed on the body first and which become predaceous on the later stages; iii) Omnivorous species feeding on the carrion and other arthropods like ants, wasps and some beetles; iv) Other species like springtails and spiders which use the corpse as an extension of their environment. The first two groups are found to be more important for the purpose of forensic

(16) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences entomology. They are mainly from the species of the order Diptera (flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). In the present scenario, the role of forensic odontologists is not confined to hard tissue examination alone. Increased instances of forensic odontologists being involved in criminal investigations, as part of the forensic team, have necessitated the need for an increase in awareness of emerging sciences like forensic entomology and its applications in forensics.

1. ECOSYSTEM SERVICE (POLLINATION) PROVIDERS:

(i) POLLINATORS: Among the entomofauna bees, flies, beetles, butterflies, midges, moths, wasps, and weevils are important pollinators of many agricultural and horticultural crops forage crops, ornamental plants, and wild plants are all effectively pollinated by insects that visit flowers for nectar or pollen. McGregor (1976) stated that one-third of our total diet is dependent, directly or indirectly, upon insect-pollinated crops”. In the world of insects, different species of bees including honey bees, bumble-bees, stingless bees, and solitary bees are the most effective pollinators of crops. Over 25,000 species of bees are reported to pollinate over 70% of the world’s cultivated crops. About 15% of the world’s 100 principal crops are pollinated by manageable species of honeybees, bumble-bees, and solitary bees, while at least 80% are pollinated by other naturally occurring insect pollinators (Nabhan and Buchmann 1997). Among the variety of insect pollinators bee species are among the highly important i.e. honey bees, solitary bees, bumblebees and stingless bees.

(ii) HONEY BEES: Honey bees are known as one of the most efficient pollinators of fruit and vegetable crops. It ensures and enhances the process of the fruit and seed development, the quality of fruit (shape, size, color, and sweetness) reduces premature fruit drop from the tree. Beekeeping is another important sustainable livelihood option from honey bees and it provides direct (honey production) and indirect (pollination of agriculture crops) benefit to the beekeepers as well as a farming community. The body of honey bees is hairy and highly specialized (pollen sacs) to attach pollen in their body during flower visit, work long hours and climatically acclimatized ( McGregor 1976; Free 1993). Beekeeping is old-time practice in the Himalayan region and generally bees (Apis cerana) are kept in the wall and log hives in every house. Now, honey bees ( Apis cerana, Apis melliera) are being kept in movable wooden hives and they can easily be transported from one place to another for pollination as well as feeding of pollen and nectar for production of honey bees.

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Several studies have been conducted to know the impact of honeybees, particularly Apis cerana, in enhancing the productivity levels of various crops such as fruits and nuts, vegetables, pulses, oilseeds, spices, and fiber and forage crop. It’s reported that the honey bees positively enhance the crop production but the rate of production entirely depends upon the strength of bee colonies per unit area. Different workers from India and other parts of the world reported that the honeybee pollination has increased the yield of fruit and other crops. In Himachal Pradesh, Nepal (Kathmandu ) different study have been conducted on effect of bee pollination on crop yield of apple, peach, plum, strawberry, Kiwi, Mustard, Cabbage, cauliflower, Radish, Lettuce (Dulta and Verma 1987; Gupta et al. 1993, 2000 and Gupta et al. 2000, Partap et al. 2000, Partap 2000a, 2000b, Sharma et al. 2010, ,Partap 2011). The study reports from India and elsewhere evidenced that the honey bee pollination improves yield, quality, and quantity of many other vegetable, oilseed (Mustard, Sunflower), carrot, onion, and turnip Deodikar and Suryanarayana 1977; Free 1993; McGregor 1976 and Singh et al. 2000).

BUMBLE, SOLITARY, AND STINGLESS BEES: Beside manageable honey bees, the other species of wild pollinators i..e., Bumble, Solitary and stingless bees are highly potential for pollination of a variety of wild and agricultural crops and their services for the pollination management various fruit and vegetable other crops grown in greenhouses. Potential of Solitary bees and bumblebees well harnessed for pollination purposed in the various countries of Europe, America, Canada (Sekita 2001). In Himachal Pradesh, some workers have worked on rearing and managing bumblebees in crop pollination( Thakur and Kashyap 2010; Chauhan and Thakur 2010).

IMPORTANCE OF INSECT POLLINATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE HIMALAYAN DEVELOPMENT:

Himalayan region is well known for threatened and endemic biodiversity. Majority of Himalayan agro production included traditional and high-value crop and it’s estimated that Over 80% of rural people in the region depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Farming community in the region have traditionally cultivated cereal crops such as wheat, rice, and maize; millet and pseudo millet such as finger millet, buckwheat, and amaranth; pulses such as butter beans (rajma beans), black gram, soybeans, and peas; vegetable crops such as potatoes; oilseed crops such as mustard and sesame; and spices such as coriander, fenugreek,

(18) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences and chillies. However, mountain agriculture does not have the comparative advantages of the plains in terms of cultivating food crops (Jodha and Shrestha 1993; Partap 1998). Realizing the importance of climatic conditions of the region like other parts of the world now people from Himalayan farming communities are growing a variety of fruit crops i.e., apples, peaches, pears, plums, almonds, apricots, grapes, and cherries and seasonal and off-seasonal vegetables such as peas, tomatoes, cabbages, cauliflower, okra, brinjal, carrots, onion, garlic, chillies, and cardamom to take advantage of income rendered from cash crops. In the Indian Himalayan Region 45 crops i.e., fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, medicinal, fiber yielding and other multipurpose species are generally cultivated and their production is directly and indirectly benefited by pollination services from the insect pollinators. According to Pratap et al. 2012, a total of 32 insect pollinator pollination specific crops are cultivated in Himachal Pradesh followed by 29 crops in Kashmir and 33 in Uttarakhand (Figure 1). The dependence of the level of each of crop species cultivated in respective states varies between essential, high, low and medium (Figure 2). The estimated annual economic value of insect pollinators to agricultural productivity for the major crops cultivated in the HKH region is USD 2.7 billion. USD 365 million in Himachal Pradesh, USD 426.8 in Kashmir, USD 166.8 million in Uttarakhand. The list of some high pollinators crop and multipurpose species is given in Table 1.

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Table 1: List of some important pollinator specific agro-horticulture crop species

Oil & Spices Other bee Fruit Vegetable Seed Multipurpose specific Apple Bean Mustard Soap Nut Willow Apricot Cabbage Soybean Castor Mehal/Segal Cherries Cauliflower Sesame Raspberry Berberi Citrus Fruit Carrot Flex Thyme Milkthitle Guava Egg Plant Sunflower Basil Bottle Brush Kiwi Fruit Tomato Chills Ashwagandha Pseudoacacia Lemon Radish Coriander Dandelion Kachnar Wild Cherry Litchi Turnip Large Cardamom (Padam) White Clover Mango Cucumber Cinnamon Wild Rose Pink Clover Orange Capsicum Bhemal Pech Bottle Gourd Wild Chestnut Pear Bitter Gourd Curry Tree Plum Squash Basoti Indian Almond Fenugreek Gooseberry

Figure 1: Pollinator and Pollination specific cultivated crops in HP, Kashmir & Uttarakhand (Source: Pratap et al. 2012)

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Figure 2: Dependence Level of cultivated crops: HP, Kashmir & UK on Insect Pollinators (Source: Pratap et al. 2012)

SEED DISPERSAL:

Insects play a very important role in seed dispersal. Many types of ants play an important role in spreading seeds and fruit from herbaceous plants. There are over 150 known plant species where this is known to occur. Certain plants produce special seeds that are collected and eaten by ants. The seeds which are not eaten germinate along the ant paths or on their “rubbish tips”. Such plants have two advantages: Firstly, they can cover larger distances on the windless ground and, secondly being near to the ant heap helps protect them from other seed predators.

7. DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT CYCLING:

Decomposers can be referred to as nature’s recyclers because they help keep nutrients moving in food webs. In the natural dynamic of a forest, there are always dying trees. There are various reasons for this - age, a lightning strike, storms, forest fires, drought, insect infestation, or pathogens. The nutrients and energy which are stored in the bark have to be made available to the soil. The decomposition of wood is more difficult for micro-organisms than that of leaves or herbaceous plants. The bark is difficult to colonize and the underlying body of wood is protected by it from decomposition by other microorganisms.

Leaf and needle eating insects are regulators of nutrients and sources of energy. The plant material which is eaten by the larva enters the soil already well broken down in the form of excrement from the animals. This excrement is quickly colonized and mineralized by micro- organisms. This leads to the rapid availability of nutrients for plant growth.

(21) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address

Many bugs live by transforming dead plants and animals into nutrients. These decomposers are essential for healthy ecosystems and are as important to natural environments as they are to suburban compost bins. The dung beetles are another group of important nutrient cyclers.

Another important part of nutrients cycling is eat or be eaten. Insects themselves provide food for various groups of animals. Typical insect feeders amongst birds are woodpeckers, tits, warblers, sparrows and cuckoos. Further insect-eating vertebrates are mice, shrews, bats, salamanders, frogs, toads, and lizards. At the same time, many insects also live as predators or parasites of other insects. The decomposition of a tree trunk by microbes alone would take twice as long without the help of wood-eating insects.

The dead bodies of plants and animals are a rich source of organic matter that provides nutrition for many insects. Insects adapted to this lifestyle are an essential part oft h e biosphere because they help recycle dead organic matter. Dipterans act as decomposers, soil conditioners and recyclers in larval stages viz. larvae of family Muscidae, Tipulidae, and Calliphoridae on the dead plant-animal matter and decaying organic matter.

Species like Chrysomyasp. and Luciliasp. were recorded in great numbers from around the plant and animal organic matter in the present study. Pherosophrussp. andScaritessp. (ground beetle), recorded from the forests, mostly live in burrows in the soil or in the leaf litter or other debris and are generalist predators, they feed on various insect pests, (Habu&Sadanaga, 1965) cutworms, snails and slugs. Coleopterns seemingly play an important role in maintaining ecosystem integrity, bioturbation, plant growth enhancement, parasite suppression, and pollination, particularly family Scarabaeidae.

8. INSECTS AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

Insects make up the largest proportion of terrestrial wildlife (more than 50% of species), it is crucial that we assess the fate of insect groups in order to monitor the overall state of biodiversity. A strong understanding of insect response to human activity is necessary both to support policy decisions for conservation and to evaluate the functional consequences of human disturbance on the ecosystem.

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The bio-indicator’ s must have the following qualities :

• Response quickly to environmental changes.

• Have a few generation years

• Are easily sampled and identified

• Show high sensitivity for detecting changes in their geographical area

• Provide information without interruption of the extent of damage caused by environment alteration or pollution.

• Insects act as very good indicators because they represent more than half of all species and their diversity allows assessing the difference between habitats on an acceptable refined scale.

• The insects certainly have two important properties for the monitoring of systems:

• short life-cycle and low resilience.

Although these may give high turnover rates and complicate the establishment of a baseline for inventory and the evaluation of economic sustainability of forest products and use regimes, they make these animals quickly sensitive to small changes in system parameters. They thus represent an efficient and easily observed early warning system for subtle changes in the whole system, or in the sustainability of its use. Phytophagous insects are especially tightly tied into light structure, humidity, nutrient availability, and specific plant growth cycles, chemical compounds, and taxonomy, and thus indicate fluctuations in all these elements in the system that supports them. Any change in their abundance will immediately imply an increase or decrease of their primary plant resources, their habitat.

Insects are very useful as environmental indicators because they have the following characters:

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Characteristics Description Richness and species Four in five species of animals are insects. diversity Easy handling Most species require few efforts for their capture, except toxic species. The small size of samples helps to capture and transport. Ecological Faithfulness Many species may have a low tolerance to abiotic factors, which allows linking certain insect groups with certain habitats. Fragility to small changes It allows selecting demographical or behavioral variables that can be measured or observed in the field and have a close correlation with the pre-selected abiotic variables Organism’s response To identify levels of environmental change.

9. POLLUTION INDICATORS

Pollinators, especially honey bees (Apis mellifera), are considered reliable biological indicators because they show environment chemical impairment due to high mortality rate and intercept particles suspended in air or flowers. Bees are considered one of the most versatile and efficient bio-indicator. They are used to monitor trace metals in urban environments, radioactivity pesticides, and herbicides effects, industrial wastes and pollutants. (URBINI et al. 2006). Wasps from the Polistes and other social wasps are at the top of the food chain and therefore are exposed to dangerous biological concentrations.

10. INSECTS AS CLIMATE CHANGE INDICATORS

Why should we expect an effect of climate change on insects?

Insects have short generation times and high reproductive rates, so they are more like to respond quicker to climate change than long-lived organisms, such as plants and vertebrates.

The fossil records provide evidence that insects have responded to past changes in climate.

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E.g. Beetle remains clearly illustrated that species shifted their geographical ranges during the Quaternary in response to glacial/interglacial climate oscillations (Coope, 1995)

Species responses are expected to be idiosyncratic depending on the feasibility of different life-history characteristics.

¾ Empirical evidence of insects responding to current climate change

¾ Phenological changes:

Under a rise in temperature, insects will pass through their larval stages faster and will become adults earlier. Thus, observed responses include both an advance in the timing of adult emergence and an increase in the length of the flight period. In this regard, Lepidoptera are by far the best-documented group. Changes in butterfly phenology have been reported in many parts of the world with species advancing their flight periods by around 2–10 days for every 1ºC increase in temperature. This has resulted in an extended flight period, especially for multivoltine species.

(i) DISTRIBUTIONAL SHIFTS:

Climate is an important determinant of geographic range for many species. Global warming is expected to force species to shift their distributions by expanding into the new climatic areas and by disappearing from areas that have become climatically unsuitable. Shifts in distributions will occur, in part, by range expansion at the cool, upper altitudinal and latitudinal limits, and by contractions at the warm, lower altitudinal and latitudinal limits of species’ ranges. Numerous cases of recent distributional shifts have been recorded for a variety of insects. Many abiotic (e.g., physical barriers, climate) and biotic (e.g., competition, population dynamics, life history, genetics) factors individually, and in combination, affect the geographic distribution of species (Gaston 2003). Researchers are observing variation over space and time in species distributions that appear to be range shifts in response to climate change. Geographical range shifts may be latitudinal, which are defined as extinction of a species at the historically observed southern (in the Northern Hemisphere; northern in the Southern Hemisphere) boundary or net colonization by the species at the northern (or southern in Southern Hemisphere) boundary (Parmesan et al. 1999). Parmesan and Yohe (2003)

(25) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Presidential Address completed a meta-analysis of 1,700 species to evaluate consistencies between recent biological trends in species range distributions and climate change predictions. For wildlife, this analysis included both timings of life-history events (phenology) and distributional changes in taxa including insects and other invertebrates, fish, reptiles and amphibians, birds, and mammals. Globally, on average across all studies evaluated, northern and upper elevation boundaries are estimated to have shifted approximately 6 km per decade toward the poles, which follows trends in climate models (Parmesan and Yohe 2003). The same authors suggested that changes in distributions of approximately 280 species followed a systematic trend in global cooling and warming periods since 1930.

(ii) CHANGES IN SPECIES INTERACTIONS insects have advanced their phenology faster (early eggs hatching and early migration return date) than their resources (budburst and flowering). This involves a change in prey-predator interactions (insect-bird). Insects have advanced more (peak of abundance) than their predators (laying date and migration arrival of birds). Thus, in all cases, phenological changes imposed by climate change have resulted in a mismatch between interacting species.

(iii) SPECIES EXTINCTIONS:

Mountain species and those restricted to high latitudes will be most likely to go extinct as a result of warming. These species are adapted to cold conditions so they will be forced to move uphill and to higher latitudes, as the climate warms.

But, even if they are able to move, they will eventually run out of habitable areas and will inevitably go extinct.

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of aforesaid details, it can be firmly established that insects have a great potential for sustaining the lively hood, not only of communities living in rural and high altitude areas but supplementing the many products which are used in the communities which are socially well developed. We can very safely say that Insects provide other important and useful functions beyond their use as food and feed:

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• Insects are important providers of ecosystem services. For example, insects play an important role in pollination, biological control and the decomposition of organic litter.

• Insects are being tested to reduce livestock manure, such as that generated by pigs, and to mitigate foul odours. Larval flies can be used to transform manure into fertilizer and consumable protein.

• Insects have inspired human innovation for many years. Biomimicry, which draws on the attributes of natural organisms and processes to spark innovation, has used the features of beehives, spider webs, and termite hills to inspire the designs of a range of products and processes.

• Insects have formed part of traditional medicine for thousands of years. For example, fly maggots have been used to clean dead tissue in wounds, and bee products such as propolis, royal jelly, and honey have been used for their healing properties.

• The natural colour of insects has been exploited by different cultures for centuries. For example, the Aztecs used the red colour produced by the cochineal (scale insect), and this insect is still used today as a natural food colouring in cosmetics and as a dye.

• Insect Products such as Products of Honey Bee and silkworms: Have been used as a source of nutrition, as a soft yet strong and highly durable fabric for centuries.

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107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

JANUARY, 3-7, 2020 BANGALORE

II ABSTRACTS OF PLATINUM JUBILEE LECTURE / AWARD LECTURES

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Platinum Jubilee Lecture

BIOMIMETICS: INSPIRATION FROM NATURE FOR HUMAN WELFARE

Kamal Jaiswal

Department of Zoology,

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.)

Email: [email protected]

“Nature” in all its beauty, processes and mechanisms is the biggest laboratory on earth, ever-experimenting and successfully realizing its numerous challenges. Human beings, in the mad race towards modernization and development, have caused almost or irreparable damage to the environment and societal fabric evident in the numerous difficulties staring us in the face today. The solutions to the various problems that humans have created, either directly or indirectly, may be also sought from nature itself. Biomimetics, the study of nature and natural phenomena to understand the principles of underlying mechanisms, is the source to obtain ideas from nature and to apply the various biological concepts for the benefit of mankind. New and advanced insights into the living world and their processes will give the much-needed thrust to advancements and capabilities in the fields of science and technology and guide future improvements through innovations to help us combat the rising problems. This paper gives an overview of the various present and futuristic technologies inspired by nature while motivating the young minds to look towards nature to solve the present and future problems of the society.

Keywords: Science, Technology, Innovation, Biomimetics.

(31) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Platinum Jubilee Lecture/Award Lectures

Prof G.K.Manna Memorial Award Effect of polyherbal drugon the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease Yasir Hasan Siddiquea, FalaqNaza, Rahula, Mohammad Rashidb, Tajuddinb aDrosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. bDeparment of Saidla, Ajmal khan Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD)is characterized by a set of motor and pathological symptoms. Due to the involvement of ethical issues it has become difficult to study the effects of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds on PD patients. By using the yeast-based UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence)-Gal-4 systems for the activation of gene expression in Drosophila the transgenic Drosophila models have been developed for studying various human diseases, including the neurodegenerative disorders. The transgenic Drosophila expressing either wild type or familial PD linked mutants (A53T and A30P) of human á-synuclein is widely accepted and is currently being used to study the various aspects associated with the disease. These flies replicate several features of human PD such as locomotor dysfunction, Lewybody formation and age dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons. The effect of MajunBaladur (MB), a poly herbal unani formulation was studied on the transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing human alpha synuclein in the neurons.The equivalents of recommended dose for human were established for 20g of fly food i.e. 0.0014, 0.0028, 0.0042 and 0.0056g per 20g of diet. The PD flies were allowed to feed on it for 24 days before performing the assays. The exposure to MB results in an increase in life span and improves the activity of PD flies. A dose dependent significant delay in the loss of climbing ability was observed in PD flies. The exposure of PD flies to MB also significantly reduced the oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant enzymes homeostasis compared to unexposed PD flies. The exposure to MB also protects the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the PD flies. It is concluded that the antioxidant potential of MB is responsible for delaying the PD symptoms in the transgenic flies expressing human alpha synuclein in the neurons. Note: The work has been published in the journal Heliyon. Siddique, Y. H. et al. (2019).. Heliyon, 5(4), e01483.

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Dr.(Mrs.) Gouri Ganguly Memorial Award for Young Scientist

Exploring the Functionality of Food Derived Bioactive peptides from different milk species

Subrota Hati

Dairy Microbiology Department, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat correspoding author:[email protected]

The scientific breakthrough in food biotechnology and medical sciences will have a significant effect on the therapeutics in the coming century. Mellander (1950) was the first researcher who informed about bioactive peptides derived from foods. Apart from providing valuable nutrients, milk also offers wide variety of health beneficial components. Milk is known to contain about 10,000 compounds in different concentration with the advent of nutraceuticals and functional foods. Gradually, consumption of functional dairy products is increasing to combat the life style diseases. They are also known as ‘functional peptides’ derived from food and exert physiological effects in the health. These bioactive peptides are inactive within the original protein, but once released, function as regulatory compounds with hormone like activity. This activity is based on their inherent amino acid composition and sequence. Milk contains various peptide fractions that causes behavioral, physiological and vaso- regulatory systems and also helps in immune system. However, parent milk protein is hydrolyzed with pancreatic proteinase, mostly trypsin. Enzymatically hydrolysis is most common way to obtain bioactive peptide include trypsin, pepsin and chymotrypsin. Generally, other enzymes provide the activities like endopeptidase viz. chymotrypsin, thermolysin, elastage and carboxypeptidase. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have strong proteolytic system allowing for degradation of milk proteins for their growth. Generally, caseins are composed of all amino acids required for the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk to high cell density. To analyze the functionality of fermented milk peptides, water soluble extract from fermented milks are used for SDS-PAGE and Two-Dimensional (2D) gel analysis and 10-51 kDa protein bands on SDS-PAGE are observed. For purification of peptides, Two-Dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis is also carried out. All spots from 2D are digested with trypsin and

(33) identified in RPLC/MS. 3 kDa and 10 kDa permeate are collected from water soluble extract of fermented milks and injected into RP-HPLC for fractionation. Further, the 3 and 10 kDa permeate fractions are collected from RP-HPLC and injected into RPLC/MS for identification of peptides. The raw masses from LC/MS are identified by using MASCOT software. Most of the purified peptide sequences are also identified by searching in BLASTp (NCBI) and Protein information resource database (PIR) and AHTPDB or BIOPEP to confirm their functionality.

(34) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences 107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

JANUARY, 3-7, 2020 BANGALORE

III ABSTRACTS OF SYMPOSIUM / INVITED LECTURES

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Foreigner Lecture-1 DESIGNER FOODS, DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR BETTER CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

Gundu H. R. Rao*

Emeritus Professor, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology, Director, Thrombosis Research, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota

Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, excess weight, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and vascular diseases have increased in incidence and prevalence to epidemic proportions worldwide. We discuss in our overview, heart-healthy diet, a variety of ways to develop value-added plant and animal foods, for better health. Examples include, designer eggs, with enhanced omega-3 fatty acids, improved variety of staple grains such as white rice, and corn. Improved animal diet for the development of high-quality tissues, as well as for reducing methane emission. We will discuss the importance of genomic studies of animals and plants, for selective breeding and genetic engineering. Use of stem cells for synthetic meat. Since we are interested in the early interventions of metabolic risks as a major strategy for the prevention of CVDs, we will discuss the development of dietary supplements and complementary therapies using indigenous phytochemicals. Since the basic cause for developing metabolic risks is an altered lifestyle, we emphasize the importance of a healthy lifestyle including physical fitness, heart-healthy diet, and wellness.

Keywords: Designer foods, Cardiovascular health, CVDs.

(37) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

INVITED LECTURES FISH, FISHERIES, AND LIMNOLOGY

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 01 EFFECT OF SEWAGE ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES IN A FRESH WATER CATFISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH.)

Induja Mishra*, B. D. Joshi ** and Namita Joshi**

*Department of Agriculture, Roorkee College of Engineering, Roorkee **Department of Zoology & Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar Email: [email protected]

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare changes in the selected haematological parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis after long-term (32 days) exposure to different concentrations (10. 20 and 30 10 mlL-1) of sewage water. The haematological parameters such as TEC, PCV, and Hb of the fishes exposed to sewage showed a sharp decline and indicating anaemia in fishes. The values of differential leukocytes and erythrocyte count showed marked changes after sewage exposure. The fish exposed to the highest concentration (30 mlL-1) of sewage water for 32 days showed changes in their behavior, affects gills indicating by the brownish-red colour, respiratory manifestation characterized by surface swimming and discoloration of the skin and gasping. No such changes were found in the fishes exposed 10 mlL-1 of sewage water. Control fish were active for feeding and alert to the slightest of the disturbance with their well-synchronized movements. Little mortalities were also detected at 30 mlL-1 concentration for 32 days of sewage water. At the time of death, the operculum and the mouth remained open. Our data confirm that even low concentrations of sewage exposure can induce adverse effects on fish. Structural defects and changes in shapes of erythrocytes were noticed in fish exposed to sewage water at higher concentrations. Tear-drop shaped red blood cells were seen in blood smears of fish exposed to 20 and 30 mlL-1 of sewage water. Light and Scanning Electron Microscope

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(SEM) showed morphological changes of erythrocytes seem to be a reliable tool for the detection of the adverse effects of sewage exposure upon fish.

Keywords:- Heteropunestes fossilis, Sewage Exposure, Light and Scanning Electron microscopy.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 02 INDIAN FISHERIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A BOON FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY

B. N. Pandey

Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya Email: [email protected]

Indian fisheries have indeed come a long way. Fish production in India recorded almost four-fold increase from 2.6 M.T. in 1983-1984 to more than 12.44 in 2017-2018 which is less than the present-day requirement (about 16 M.T.) and the projected requirement by 2025 A.D. (16.0 M.T.). The above statistics show that at least 20.0 M.T. increase in fish production is called for within a few years. Is this possible? Especially when all coastal fisheries are depleted or close to depletion, riverine fisheries have declined and aquaculture is developing at a slower pace. F.A.O. had estimated that there was a supply gap of about 25 M.T. of fish globally by the end of the last century. This gap will increase to a tune of 37 M.T. and 67 M.T. respectively by 2025 and 2050 A.D. How to fill up this gap? There are certain similar more questions that we have to answer to meet protein requirements for the expected Indian population of about 1.3 billion by 2020 A.D. According to FAO, this sector has provided employment to about 58.3 million people at a global level. In fact, 10- 12% of people are dependent for their livelihood on this sector at a global level. In the present paper role of Indian fisheries as a tool for nutritional security, poverty alleviation generating new employment opportunities and its contribution to National Development, etc. have been raised and discussed.

Keywords: Indian fisheries in the 21st century: A boon for National development.

(39) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 03 ARE FISH SICK IN POLLUTED WATERS?

Neelima Gupta

Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024 Email: [email protected]

Fish are an excellent source of protein and with the increased demand for protein-rich nutrients, attention is being diverted towards the fish as a resource item. However, rapid industrialization has culminated in pollution of the river water and it has become a great threat for the aquatic biota inhabiting these waters. It is thus imperative to assess the health status of fish inhabiting these waters. Freshwater fishes (Channa punctartus, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis) were collected from different sources of Ramganga and Ganga river with known pollution status and were analyzed for parasitic infections using standard isolation techniques. During the present course of investigations, fish collected from polluted waters were more heavily infected with parasites. Pallisentis (Acanthocephala): Thorny headed worms, Neascus cuticola (Trematode metacercaria) (Black spot, black grub) and Clinostomum were recovered from the fishes. Pallisentis causes extensive granuloma (inflammation) and subsequent fibrosis. Extensive inflammation, perforation of the gut and ultimately atrophy through fibrosis of either a portion of or the entire organ. The source of infection of this acanthocephalan parasite are tiny crustacean intermediate hosts and fish which eat the crustaceans are sources for human infection. When infected fish are consumed by humans, they cause abdominal pain. The development of parasites requires high temperature, low humidity and less rainfall which is the best environment for the growth of parasites. The variation can be attributed to changes in physico-chemical parameters of the water or variation in the food habits of the host. Fish from more polluted water tend to harbour more helminth parasites than those from less polluted waters. If the water level is very shallow it allows many birds to visit for fish as food. These birds always live in the vicinity of these ponds and act as an intermediate host for parasites. When the life cycle of parasites as completed its prevalence and intensity increases significantly. Neascus causes “black spot” signs on the skin of a fish, it a digenean trematode with a complex life cycle. It requires three hosts: a snail, a fish, and a fish-eating bird. Parasite metacercariae become encysted in the skin of fish and are attacked by the fish’s immune system. This leads to a

(40) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences buildup of pigment cells, causing the characteristic black spots. They are the immature (metacercaria) stage of the parasite that when eaten by a bird develop into adult trematodes. They shed eggs in the bird and the bird deposits the eggs into waters where they hatch (to form miracidium) and infect snails. The organisms multiplies in the snail and the snail releases the stage of the parasite infectious for fish (cercaria). Waterborne cercaria infects fish and either mature to become adult worms or become encysted as metacercariae. Fish infected with Neascus should be properly cooked prior to eating. Clinostomum, commonly called the “yellow grub”.is a species of parasitic fluke (class Trematoda). This type of fluke can be found in the mouth of aquatic birds such as herons and egrets. They are also found commonly in the esophagus of fish-eating birds, and reptiles. Eggs of these trematodes are shed in the feces, hopefully into the water. Many aquatic birds become infected by ingesting freshwater fish that are infected. The metacercariae are found right beneath the skin or in the muscles of fish. The presence of cysts can cause loss of fish. Infected fish conceivably are more susceptible to predation than uninfected fish. These helminth parasites of fishes cause a decrease in growth rate, weight loss and emaciation, affect the yield of fish products (liver oil, etc.), spread human and animal diseases, postpone sexual maturity of fish and cause mortalities in fish. Acanthocephalan is an important group of helminths that infects and causes diseases in both freshwater and marine fishes. The density of worms and depth of parasite penetration into the host tissues are the two main factors that determine the pathogenicity of acanthocephalans. Severe damage to the intestinal villi will hamper the normal digestive and absorptive functions of the animal by reducing the absorptive area while the damages associated with the tissue reactions in the wall of the intestine will alter the nature of the tissues, affecting its functional efficiency and the overall health status of the fish. Prevention involves proper hygiene to remove the infective host, regular checking of pond water to remove the crustaceans which serve as the intermediate host. The most effective means of killing the parasites are either freezing or heat inactivation. The eating of raw or partially cooked fish is the main risk factor for these trematodes. If fish consumption increases globally as is predicted, the importance of these zoonoses may increase. The need for more extensive efforts to ensure adequate handling and preparation of fish and fish products for human consumption is obvious. The eating of raw or inadequately cooked, pickled or fermented fish causes infection in man. It is therefore advisable to thoroughly cook or hot smoke all fish to 140° F for at least five minutes, or freeze them at 0° F for 48 hours prior to consumption.

Keywords: Freshwater fishes, Physico-chemical parameters, Pollution.

(41) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 04 LEAD (PB) TOXICITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF FRESHWATER TELEOST HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS, (BLOCH)

Gupta, D. K. 1, Verma, V. K. 2 and Gupta, Neelima3

2Department of Environment and Science, Future Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly, U.P. India 3C.S.J.M. University Kanpur, U.P. India 1Department of Biotechnology, Bareilly College, Bareilly, U.P. India Email: [email protected]

The level of industrial, agricultural and domestic contaminants in the aquatic environment have been increasing rapidly during the last decades and the possible effect of such pollution on both human health and well-being of the animal population is increasingly arousing interest. Heavy metals are essential inorganic components of the environment but act as important pollutants affecting all levels of ecosystems since their biological half-lives are long and they accumulate cumulatively. These heavy metals cause ailments including neurological, pulmonary, cytogenetic and carcinogenic disorders. Fish are part of the natural diet of both aquatic and terrestrial animals, human populations are dependent upon fish as a protein-rich source. Blood parameters are important indicators for assessing the health status of living organisms subject to changing the environment. Blood parameters (Hb%, TEC, TLC, ESR, PCV, MCH, and MCV) of Hetropneustes fossilis exposed to lead were investigated during the present course of studies. Acclimatized specimens were divided into four groups Group-A (Control), Group-B (2.25ppm of Pb), Group-C (2.65ppm of Pb) and Group-D (2.85ppm of Pb), and examined at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days’ time intervals. Blood was collected from the caudal vein of fish with the help of an anticoagulated syringe and Hb %, TEC, TLC, ESR, PCV, MCH and MCV were estimated in fish of the above groups according to standard techniques. The maximum impact of the treated metal was observed on ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) [1.80 mm/h (Control) to 2.90 mm/h at 2.85 ppm of lead] during maximum time exposure (28 Days) whereas PCV (Packed Cell Volume) show falls [44.00 % (control) to 28.00% (2.85 ppm] at 28 Days pe (post-exposure). The

(42) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences other parameters also showed changes in their values when exposed to lead being highest at 2.85 ppm doses during maximum time exposure (28 Days). The above findings indicate that lead adversely effects the blood physiology as reflected in their haematological values. Most of the haematological parameters of the test fishes showed significant alteration from their control values. The present study suggests that heavy metals are responsible for causing a variety of haematological anomalies as indicated above. The studies also infer that blood may be utilized as a patho-physiological reflector of the whole body and therefore blood parameters may be regarded as important diagnostic tools for assessing the structural and functional status of fish exposed to toxicants. The toxicity test helps in evaluating the nature and degree of harmful effect produced on the aquatic organism specially fish by toxic substances and provides valuable information which can be used for protection of aquatic ecosystem as a whole. This study will prove to be helpful in providing base-line information on lead toxicity with respect to Hetropneustes fossilis.

Keywords: Lead Toxicity, Heteropneustes fossils, Haematological Profile.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 05 BIOFLOC A BOON FOR AQUACULTURE - A CRITICAL REVIEW

Kuldeep Krishan Sharma

Former Dean and Head Dept. of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006 Email: [email protected]

In aquaculture industry in spite of many constraints has recorded about 12% growth during past few years. For furtherance of this growth, there is a dire need for developing certain new innovative technologies that might bring increment in the production of aquaculture. One of the technology which can be of greatest interest particularly in the water crisis situation is the Biofloc technology. This technology can be one of the alternatives for the future augmentation of aquaculture production. Biofloc is an innovative and cost-effective technology, where toxic materials to the fish and shellfish such as Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia can be converted to useful products i.e. Proteinaceous feed. In this technology limited or zero

(43) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures water exchange under high-density stocking conditions, strong aeration, biota is formed by Biofloc. The Biofloc are more productive if placed in direct sunlight. Biofloc is a heterogeneous arrarvate with extracellular polymeric substances. It is composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and detritus, etc. The floc size may vary from 50 - 200 microns. The various merits and demerits and some case studies related to biofloc technology has been discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Biofloc, Aquaculture.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology –06 TIME SCALE CHANGES IN FISH ASSEMBLAGES, FISHERY AND HABITAT PARAMETERS OF GANGA RIVER SYSTEM

K. D. Joshi

ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha Lucknow-226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India Email: [email protected]

The Ganga is the fifth largest river in the world which drains about 1,060,000 km2 geographical area in India (80 %) and neighboring countries. The river passes through 2525 km distance from its origin at Gangotri to the confluence with the sea covering vast and varied geographical regions. As a result, the river system harboured 265 species spread in cold-water, warm water, and estuarine zones. The river Ganga is facing serious consequences from massive anthropogenic activities along the catchments since the last few decades. The river along with its tributaries is dammed or proposed for damming at about 70 sites in Uttarakhand. Due to multiple obstructions, abstractions and addition of pollutants from industrial, domestic sources and agricultural run-off, the river is rapidly degrading at many stretches. Accordingly fishery of the river in general and that of the sensitive species, in particular, is facing serious threats. The obstructions have blocked the migratory route of the important Himalayan fishes like mahseer and snow trouts. Other important migratory fishes of the plains also severely affected by river abstractions are Tenualosa ilisha, Bagarius bagarius, Anguilla bengalensis, etc. From 1970 onwards, fishery from the river started declining and witnessed drastic changes in stock structure. Owing to multiple perturbations there is a decline in fish

(44) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences diversity and fisheries and recorded only 143 species from the main trunk of river Ganga in recent studies. However, the list of fishes from the tributaries comprised 112 from the Yamuna, 89 from Ken & 81 in Betwa and 89 from the river Son. The North flowing rivers i.e. Ken, Betwa and Chambal are still in ecologically better condition, as a result still holding good biota.

The altered habitat conditions and water flow in the river Ganga and tributaries resulted in depletion of sensitive native species and invasion of exotic fishes. The exotic fishes were not recorded in the river at any stretch before the year 2000, but registered considerable population later on and contributed 17.32 to 43.0 % in the total catches during the span of 2003-2018 at Allahabad, comprised by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Besides, 5 other exotic species have reportedly made inadvertent access in the river at different stretches. The Ganga river system is known as original abode of the valuable Indian major carps. But the river system registered discernible depletion in valuable fishery during the last few decades. In a study, the river Sone witnessed the loss of 20 fish species due to the release of insufficient flow downstream to Indrapuri barrage. Loss of fish habitats, native species; rapid invasion and establishment of resilient exotic fishes is a matter of great concern and warrant serious efforts for the conservation of valuable fisheries. Maintaining river continuum and environmental flows are the key issues for the sustenance of the aquatic biodiversity and fisheries particularly in hilly rivers. Therefore its need of hour to protect the valuable native species by all possible measures.

Keywords: Fish diversity, Fisheries, Alien fishes, River habitats, Ganga river system.

(45) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 07 HIGHER FISHERIES EDUCATION AND WAY FORWARD

Gopal Krishna* and Aparna Chaudhari

ICAR – Central Institute of Fisheries Education Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Mumbai – 61 *Email: [email protected]

Fisheries education has been in the informal domain longer than other agricultural sciences and even the formal education in the initial years was largely about imparting skills related to capture fisheries. Although there are records dating as far back as 6000 B.C. of various ancient civilizations trapping and rearing fish in lakes and channels for year-round supply, aquaculture of aquatic animals, as it is understood today, is a fairly recent practice and commercial fish hatching operations commenced by the mid-19th century. In fact, this outcome was the result of concerted efforts by pioneering biologists to understand and manipulate the reproductive physiology of aquatic species and with this commenced the inquiry into all associated fields of husbandry, nutrition, health, harvest, post-harvest, genetics, etc. that formed the subject matter of formal education in fisheries today. In India, successful induced breeding of the Indian major carps by Chaudhuri and Alikunhi in 1957 marked an indelible milestone on the food-fish domestication map and today Indian aquaculture comprises 37 finfish and 8 shrimp species, although some of these species are yet to be completely domesticated.

The establishment of the Central Institute of Fisheries Education as a training center in Mumbai in 1961 has taken the responsibility to train the officers of State Fisheries Departments and empowering them with the knowledge of the sector. India’s initiative to commence higher fisheries education fructified with the establishment of the first College of Fisheries at Mangalore in 1969 under Karnataka State’s University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.

In 1989, CIFE was conferred with the status of a Deemed University and became the first National Fisheries University offering Masters and Doctoral programs with a centralized entrance exam; the student community is the representative of mini - India with perfect setting for a seat of higher learning and cultural exchange. The cosmopolitan environment of

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Mumbai has contributed significantly by favoring free and frank exchange of ideas and shedding of individual inhibitions. It has also provided an ideal setting for overseas students from neighboring countries and we have been happy to have students from Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nigeria, Eritrea, etc. studying with us; their number is increasing every year. Recent years have also witnessed increased participation of CIFE students in international events and this trend is best encouraged by forging new ties, MoUs, student exchange programs and sandwich degrees for which interaction provides an ideal opportunity.

At present, the 30 Fishery Colleges and 2 State Fisheries Universities (KUFOS and TNFU) of the country, have a total intake capacity of about 950 at the undergraduate level per annum. In addition, about 300 postgraduate students and 150 Ph.D. students are enrolled each year by these institutions and CIFE. Those graduates who do not continue higher education are placed in State Fisheries Departments, banks, feed and processing industry, aquaculture farms as specialists. Over the last decade, the importance of creating entrepreneurs and job providers has been felt and provisions have been made in the curriculum of graduate programs, wherein students are required to run actual aquaculture operations and generate profits.

In India, an estimated >14.5 million people are engaged in the fisheries sector at the primary level and almost twice the number along the value chain. As per 2014 estimates, global capture and culture fish production were 93.4 and 73.8 MMT respectively, of which India’s production constitutes about 6.3%. In terms of Gross Value Added (GVA is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy), the sector constitutes 1.1% of the nation’s total value and 5.43% of the agricultural sector. From 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51, total fish production of India touched 10.79 MT in 2015-16 with a contribution of 7.21 MT (67%) from the inland sector. Fig. 2 presents the fish production statistics for India over the last 10 years. The inland sector grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 6% between 1979 and 2015, while overall fish production witnessed 4.1% growth, which is double the growth rate of food grain production in India. A paradigm shift in terms of an increase in contribution from the inland sector and also from aquaculture is significant and points towards future manpower and education requirements.

(47) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

Fisheries take the third position in the nation’s drive for self-sufficiency in food, and India’s most high-value shrimp production systems are export-oriented and need to be compliant to international standards. Inspecting compliance with the specific standards of every importing country is an emerging aspect of the Economy. There also exists the possibility of enhancing indigenous consumption of fish through better availability of processed frozen fish products and other ready to eat items in supermarkets. This too presents scope for future entrepreneurs. Such lucrative opportunities for employment, self or otherwise, must be highlighted to attract talented and dynamic students to this sector. Adoption of National Marine Fisheries Policy by Government of India and also the efforts for the implementation of National Inland Aquaculture and Fisheries Policy are the major steps that will take the sector ahead of times. Success stories of alumni currently owning their own enterprises and interaction with them can be structured into the curriculum for retaining graduates in the sector. Further, more meaningful tie-ups with the Industry are the need of the hour for reorienting higher fisheries education.

With its eye on the future, CIFE has expanded its range of specializations and currently offers Masters and Doctoral degrees in 11 disciplines. Several of these specializations are being taught only as courses under a broader discipline, at almost all institutions of higher fisheries education across the world and the student might get an opportunity to delve deeper into these areas only during doctoral research. In addition, in several countries Including India, faculty, and students of the overarching discipline of Zoology are contributing significantly to basic research in fish taxonomy, biology, and physiology. It would be particularly interesting to learn how various countries attract talent and promote entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector, and how they can shape their curricula to cater to job opportunities beyond their own borders. This would be the most desirable scenario for cultural exchange and closer ties among the countries, hopefully leading to a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable economy in the region.

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IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 08 PARADIGM OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ZOOPLANKTON

Mohammad Yasir Arafat, Zahoor Ahmad Mir and Yahya Bakhtiyar

Fish Biology and Limnology Research Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 E-mail: [email protected]

Climate being a dynamic entity changed many times during the history of earth particularly before and after the industrial revolution. Before such process of industrialization, the natural factors were mainly responsible for climate change but thereafter this war of climate change is mainly attributed to anthropogenic factors, wherein the unending materialistic benefits of human beings have been increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide (CO2) which is enough to raise the global temperature. Due to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, the climate has been changing from the last decades, due to which the aquatic ecosystems and the organisms inhabiting them became the worst targets of this phenomenon of climate change. Zooplankton community, the major organisms in the aquatic food chain are among the severe victims of this changing scenario of climate change. The effect of climate change on the zooplankton ranges from affecting their survival, behavior, and reproduction to their overall population dynamics. By affecting these valuable elements of the aquatic ecosphere, the entire aquatic food web gets crushed away leading to more severe concerns about the higher trophic levels. Some of the significant facets of the climate change posing threats for the zooplankton community include increased temperature, acidification, and nutrient enrichment of the aquatic ecosystem. These problematic aspects of climate change can definitely alter the growth and reproductive features of the zooplankton. Besides the algal blooms (due to climate-induced nutrient enrichment of the water bodies) reduce the filtering efficiency of zooplankton grazers. The major concern is, however, the climate-induced underwater UV environment that can have a detrimental effect on the aquatic biota especially zooplankton. Therefore, the need of the hour is to strongly reinforce the policies, which are meant to mitigate the factors responsible for climate change, with strong government support and political will, only then we can combat this war of climate change.

Keywords: Zooplankton, Greenhouse gases, Food web, Algal blooms. (49) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 09 FATAL DISEASES OF SHRIMPS THREAT FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD IN RURAL INDIA

G. K. Kulkarni

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004 [M.S.] Email: [email protected]

Shrimp aquaculture has grown rapidly to become a major global industry that serves the increasing consumer demand for seafood and has contributed significantly to socio-economic development in many poor communities. Earlier, aquaculture contributed just 4% to the worldwide production of fishes and shellfishes. In 2000, this percentage increased to 28% of which crustacean (majority of Shrimp and Prawn) culture represented 51% (FAO, 2002).

The ecological disturbances and changes in patterns of trade associated with the development of shrimp farming have presented many of the pre-conditions for the emergence and spread of diseases. Shrimps are displaced from their natural environments, provided artificial or alternative feeds, stocked in high density, exposed to stress through changes in water quality and are transported nationally and internationally either live or as frozen products. These practices have provided opportunities for increased pathogenicity of existing infections, exposure to new pathogens, and the rapid transmission and trans-boundary spread of disease. As with other industries, aquaculture has risks, particularly diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. To date, 18 shrimp viruses have been reported. Some of these include the white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellow-head virus (YHV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), etc. These pathogenic agents, singly or in combination, can kill up to 100% of infected shrimps, resulting in great financial loss worldwide. This review examines the major and minor pathogens causing shrimp diseases and their consequent effect on the shrimp industry rural livelihood.

Keywords: Shrimps, Mortality, Economic loss, Diseases, Major and minor pathogens.

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IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 10 ASSESSMENT OF ENDPOINT BIOMARKERS, THE MICRONUCLEI, FOR DNA DAMAGE

Sunil P. Trivedi

Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India Email ID: [email protected]; [email protected]

The micronuclei induction happens in cells of organisms exposed to genotoxicants. The micronucleus test (MNT) reveals genotoxic damage in cells at interphase stage. This is an alternative and viable technique to chromosomal aberration test (CAT), because it examines interphase cells while CAT reflects metphasic stages of the cells. Further, MNT allows faster evaluation of genotoxicity. Furthermore, the damage analysis is less subjective and more susceptible to automation. Chromosomal DNA damage tests are crucial part of genetic toxicology because chromosomal mutations are highly significant events in carcinogenesis. The Micronucleus test is one of the preferred method for assessing chromosomal damage as it allows both chromosome loss and chromosome breakage to be identified reliably and quickly. This method is now being widely applied to many types of cells to monitor genetic damage among populations, investigate chemicals for genotoxic potential and for particular purposes such as predicting the sensitivity of tumor radiation and carcinogenesis. In its current form, MN analysis shows the measurement of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the form of chromosome destruction, chromosome loss, chromosome rearrangement, inhibition of cell division, and apoptosis. Therefore, MNT provides multiple and complementary measurements of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity which can be easily achieved in a single system. Among aquatic organisms, fish have the ability to metabolize, concentrate and accumulate waterborne pollutants quickly. They have a broad range of sensitivity against a variety of aquatic pollutants and widely preferred as an appropriate model for genotoxicity assessment. Thus, they can be effectively used as a subject to determine the distribution, toxic effects and the molecular mechanism of action of toxicants in aquatic environment.

Key words:- Micronucleus; clastogens; aneugens; genotoxicity; carcinogenesis; apoptosis.

(51) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 11 BRYOZOA AND SPONGE: A PERIPHYTIC ASSOCIATION

Nirmiti D. Nimbalkar and Satish S. Mokashe

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

The present study deals with the understanding association of periphytic community with special reference to bryozoa and sponge at Mombata and Kagzipura reservoir from January to July 2019. The reported periphyton comprises Rotifers, Protozoa, Filamentous Algae, Molluscan egg mass, Sponge and Bryozoa. This study will be helpful to understand the real picture of the community structure of the limnetic ecosystem and their interdependence.

Keywords: Periphyton, Bryozoa, Sponge.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 12 BIOASSESSING PERTURBATIONS IN ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE OF HIMALAYAN GANGA – HEADWATER - RIVER SERIALLY IMPOUNDED FOR HYDROPOWER

Prakash Nautiyal*, Neetika Sharma and Tanuja Bartwal

Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Dept. of Zoology & Biotechnology HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand. *Email: [email protected]

Hydroelectric projects alter natural hydrology. Perturbations in the Alaknanda river ecosystem (Ganga headwaters) due to Vishnuprayag and Srinagar HEP occur in key environmental variables (WT, CV, DO) and benthic assemblages of diatoms (Cpe-Ap) and macroinvertebrates (B-3T) in ca. 200 km stretch. These were also reflected through bio- assessment, especially pH, saprobity, trophic state, and moisture categories through the use of diatoms (Van Dam ecological values) and organic pollution through the use of

(52) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences macroinvertebrate based index (BMWP) for both HEP. The dam-free ca. 90 km stretch tends to improve occasionally in September or June due to floods that enhance flows.

Keywords: Himalaya, HEP, River-regulation, Alaknanda, Benthic Assemblages, C. laevis, Baetidae.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 13 MORPHOTAXONOMY OF FRESHWATER SHELL FISHES FOUND IN JAMMU WATERS

Seema Langer

P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, B.R. Ambedkar Road, Jammu (J&K), India, 180006. Email: [email protected]

Investigation on the rich shellfish diversity of some of the water bodies from the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State of the Indian subcontinent has been conducted. The local freshwater shellfish fauna is represented by both prawns and crab species that are distributed throughout the various local streams. A total of four species of freshwater prawns belonging to a single-family i.e. Palaemonidae and genus Macrobrachium (Bate, 1868) have been reported so far. The four known species are M. siwalikensis (Tiwari, 1952), M. dayanum (Henderson, 1893), M. lamarrei lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) and M. kistnense (Tiwari, 1952). M. dayanum and M. kistnense are previously on record yet not described taxonomically whereas M. lamarrei lamarrei and M. siwalikensis have been found for the first time in this region and taxonomy of both the species has also been described for the first time in this region. Two species of freshwater crabs represented by two different families i.e. Gecarcinucidae and Potamidae have been taxonomically described for the first time. The common gecarcinucid crab Maydelliathelphusa masoniana (Henderson, 1893) has been observed to show the distribution in the plain regions of the state, whereas the distribution of potamid crab Himalayapotamon emphysetum (Alcock, 1909) was confined in the hilly regions only. The taxonomic identification of both prawns and crabs was done on the basis of set of characters viz. shape of rostrum; number and arrangement of rostral teeth,

(53) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures both on dorsal and ventral sides; size of second chelate leg and arrangement of setae on it; structures on uropod in case of prawns and identification of crabs was done on the basis of morphological characters such as shape of the carapace, presence or absence of epibranchial tooth, shape and structure of frontal median triangle, male sixth abdominal segment, structure of first gonopod of male.

Keywords: Shellfish, Diversity, Morphotaxonomy, Gecarcinucid crab.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 14 EXPLORATION OF AQUATIC RESOURCES FOR INLAND ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE IN INDIA

Archana Sinha

Principal Scientist, ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120 Email: [email protected]

A rich diversity of small indigenous fancy, colour inland fish species and favourable climate, cheap labour and easy distribution make India suitable for ornamental fish culture. About 80% of ornamental fishes from India are exported to the international market via Kolkata airport, of which major share comes from the North Eastern Region, which is endowed with diverse natural water bodies with an abundance of ornamental fishes. With Kolkata as a distribution and export centre the adjoining districts viz. Bihar, Orissa and North Eastern states have become the major ornamental fish-producing zones of India. World trade of ornamental fishes has reached more than one billion dollars and is growing rapidly at around 10% per year. India currently exports only around Rs. 30 million (US$650,000 million) of ornamental fish. However, the northeast of India has many species of fish that have great potential in the ornamental trade and many of which are attractive to foreign markets. There is great potential to expand the local industry. About 600 ornamental fish species have been reported worldwide from various aquatic environments. Indian waters possess a rich aquatic biodiversity with 2118 fin-fishes distributed in different ecosystems, out of which 520 species are found exclusively in cold and warm water. It is estimated that more than 100 varieties of indigenous ornamental fishes are available in our freshwater ecosystem in addition to a

(54) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences similar number of exotic species that are bred in captivity. Further, the vast potential of natural resources of India in comparison to other potential countries like Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Thailand, etc. offers great scope and possibilities of commercial freshwater ornamental fish production and export. About 23 percent of small indigenous fish species provide food and nutrition, and are of economic value as ornamental fish, supporting livelihoods and nutrition, especially for people of the eastern and northeastern parts of India. However, such species have received insufficient attention in statistics, inland water fisheries policies and programmes in India, both at the national and State levels. The ornamental fisheries business of India is based on wild-collected fishes. In the background of untapped potential to be harnessed for livelihood security and economic growth, evidence also exists for over-exploitation in certain areas as well as the existence of untapped fisheries resources and destruction of ecological niches. It is recommended to explore the available aquatic resources for indigenous ornamental fish fauna of India.

Keywords: Resources, ornament, indigenous, Fish fauna.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 15 FISH GUT MICROBIOME: BRIEF OVERVIEW, KNOWLEDGE, GAPS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Ram Krishan Negi, Himani Khurana

Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory No.18, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 Email ID: [email protected]

The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a complex environment which harbours pathogenic bacteria in addition to symbiotic bacteria. These symbiotic bacteria suppress the growth of opportunistic pathogens by competing for nutrients available in the host and by the production of various antimicrobial peptides. Dysbiosis leads to diseased condition. Although fish represents the greatest diversity among all vertebrates yet there are important gaps in our present understanding of their resident microbiota and its functional significance. Thus, knowledge of gut microbiota will help enumerate the intricate mechanisms of host-microbe relationships. Increased demand for the aquaculture industry has led to the surge of

(55) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, insights into such genes will help design antimicrobial peptides as a substitute over conventional antibiotics.

Keywords: Microbiome, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides.

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 16 EVOLUTION OF THE OPTIMUM DIETARY PROTEIN REQUIREMENT AND COST EFFECTIVE SOURCE FOR MAXIMUM GROWTH OF FISH, LABEO ROHITA

Vineeta Shukla, Meena Kumari Sharma*

Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak Email: [email protected]

An experiment was conducted in four different earthen ponds to observe the effect of varying protein sources and protein levels of supplementary feed (28% to 40%) on the growth performance of Labeo rohita 180 days at Sultan Fish Seed Farm, Karnal. Four different diets were prepared by using fish meal, Jawar, soya bean, groundnut oil cake, wheat, rice bran, and millet. These fishes were fed on these diets and their growth was recorded. Detailed studies revealed that ALWG, SGR, and fish muscle protein increased and FCR decreased with increasing dietary protein level up to 34%. Further increase in protein level from 34% to 40% does not result in a significant change in growth performance. Growth performance of fingerlings fed on 28% protein-rich diet using groundnut oil cake was recorded higher than a commercial diet that used Jawar as an ingredient. Phosphate, ammonia, alkalinity and planktonic population in the pond water increased with the increase in dietary protein content of the feed. Maximum profit indicates that a dietary protein level of 34% and the use of Jawar protein source can be recommended for optimum growth, efficient protein utilization and cost-effective culture of Labeo rohita. This research work will benefit the fish farmers, fish feed industrialists, and fish consumers by using low-cost feed.

Keywords: Growth performance, Labeo rohita, Fingerling, Dietary Protein.

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IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 17 ASSESSMENT OF DETERGENT INDUCED ECO- TOXICOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS IN FISH.

Abha Trivedi

Department of Animal Science, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly-243006 Email: [email protected]

Apart from their colossal use as laundry and cleansing (L&C) compounds, detergents finds ample application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, paint, herbicide and food processing industries. Owing to their varied and convenient applications, soap and detergent industry have registered a spurt, both in its production and usage. They registered a growth of US Dollar 97.26 billion globally in the year 2016. The major ingredient which imparts characteristics to detergents is the surfactant. A surfactant may be anionic, cationic, non- ionic or amphoteric. On account of effective cleansing potential, Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) invited much attention of both manufacturers and conjurers. After use, laundry water, through untreated sewage, industrial and municipal wastewater, enters adjoining aquatic regimes and pollutes them grossly. Surfactants, even at low concentrations, have the ability to enhance solubility and sedimentation behavior of other organic pollutants, herbicides and heavy metals in water thereby they can amplify toxic risks for aquatic organisms. After their entry in the fish body through contaminated aquatic regimes, they generate oxidative stress disrupting cellular metabolism and its regulation. This initiates oxidative damage of biomolecules-DNA, protein, and lipids and ultimately results in disruption of cellular integrity and tissue architecture. Prolonged oxidative stress leads to DNA breaks and fragmentation as is evident by induction Micronuclei (MN) and aberration of chromosomes. Both these assays can serve efficient biomarkers for early detection of noxious genotoxicants in polluted water and, thus, are helpful in bio-monitoring studies of polluted aquatic habitats.

Keywords: Detergent, Surfactant, Fish, Genotoxicity, Micronuclei, Chromosomal aberrations.

(57) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 18 SPECIATION OF ARSENIC ACROSS WATER-SEDIMENT INTERFACE

Shivadhar Sharma

University Deptt. of Chemistry Magadh University, Bodhgaya – 824234 Email: [email protected]

The term ‘Speciation’ stands for identification of inorganic, organometallic or Organic species of an element or a chemical in environment. The lviological activity as well as toxicity of an element may vary widely depending on its various species. We know that mercury in its elemental form is not very toxic but mono methylated or dimethylated mercury is highly toxic. The physical properties like volatility, solubility etc and chemical behavior differ appreciably from species to species of an element. These properties ultimately affect the mobility and transportation of the element concerned in the environment and its toxicity to men and other organism. There is much hue and cry about Arsenic pollution in drinking water in all over India and abroad. But arsenic is not toxic in its all the form. As in +3 state is highly toxic but Arsenic in +5 state is not so toxic. So, it is not very important to study Arsenic in water or soil but it is fascinating to study the various species of Arsenic in environment. As per BIS, Indian standard, the desirable limit of As is 0.05 ppm. But total Arsenic concentration in delicious sea food is 10 ppm or more. But people, not only belly pinched but also of white collar society use this delicious dish without any adverse suffering. This is because in marine organisms, Arsenic is present mostly as arsenobetaine which is not – toxic. But arsenite (AsO2 ) is highly toxic. So, it is worthwhile to study the speciation of Arsenic in water & soil. The present talk will cover the speciation of Arsenic in Falgue river at Gaya.

Key words: Arsenobetaine, Speciation, Arsenite.

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IL – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 19 NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITIONS IN A LOCALLY AVAILABLE FRESH WATER FISH, NOTOPTERUS NOTOPTERUS

Raghavendra.S.Kulkarni

Department of Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106 Email: [email protected]

Fish constitutes an important source of food for man and there are many programmes relating to the culture and their utility. The nutritive value of fish is recognized all over the world and fishes are more nutritive and relishing than plant food. Among the edible freshwater fishes, Notopterus notopterus is one for the prominent fish found in the aquatic bodies in and around Gulbarga region. This commonly available fish captured regularly by local fisherman, since it is popular food fish particularly for economically down trodden communities as its flesh is well flavored. It has tremendous potential for improved productivity and these fishes are known for their nutritive and therapeutic qualities. The availability of this fish in large numbers throughout the year from most of the aquatic bodies of Gulbarga indicates the favourable environment and successful breeding.

1. Normal Biochemical contents in some tissues of the freshwater fish N. notopterus:

The primary biochemical composition include, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids which act as source of energy for various physiological function of tissue and also speaks about the nutritional status of the fish as a source of food. An attempt is being made to understand the biochemical composition. such as protein, glycogen, lipid, cholesterol, heavy metals, water content and protein SDS has been made in the important tissues such as liver, muscle and brain of a normal harvestable sized fish, Notopterus notopterus during active breeding period.

1) Protein: Fish flesh provides an excellent source of protein for human diet, its protein has relatively high digestibility, biological and growth promoting value. The amount of protein is found to be higher in the hepatic tissue compared to muscle and brain. However, the amount of protein content in the brain is more as compared to muscle.

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2) Glycogen: The carbohydrates are stored in liver as glycogen, The glycogen was estimated in liver, muscle and brain. The result indicates that the high glycogen content in the brain compared to liver and muscle.

3) Lipid: Lipids are of utmost importance in maintaining the structural and physiological integrity of cellular and subcellular membranes. Under stress conditions, stored lipids undergo catabolism, releasing energy in the form of ATP. The lipid content found to be less in hepatic tissue in comparison to muscle and brain.

4) Cholesterol: Cholesterol forms a major component of lipid. It plays a major important role in the physiological and metabolic process of the animal. The cholesterol content found to be high in brain and relatively it was less in liver and muscle. b) Total body, muscle and liver weight: The fish ranging between 50 gm to 100 gm were taken to determine total body, muscle and liver weight. The total muscle contents of the fish N. notopterus was found to be 50% of the total body weight, as the body weight increases muscle weight also increases similarly along with the body weight liver weight also increases. c) Water content: The fish ranging between 50 gm to 120 gm have taken and it was found that 55% of water is present in the total body weight of the fish in all the reproductive phases. d) Protein SDS-PAGE: The qualitative studies on proteins were further augmented by electrophoretic separation of protein by SDS-PAGE. When the banding pattern studied in the muscle and liver for the freshwater fish N. notopterus it was observed that liver showing more protein units than muscle during preparatory phase. e) Heavy metals: Aquatic organisms are adversely affected by heavy metals in the environment. The water concentration of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel has been studied from which the fish N. notopterus was caught indicate that the water content of heavy metals were less and similarly, the muscle concentration of these heavy metals was also found to be less as compared to the certified values.

2) Biochemical changes in some tissues in relation to reproductive cycle has been also studied and found to bring changes in the biochemical compositions

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Analysis of variations in the biochemical compositions of tissues due to changes in the reproductive phase of the fish will provide information on the utilization of biochemical contents for reproductive activities and for determining the nutritional status of the fish during different periods of the reproductive cycle. In the present study the condition factor (K), somatic condition factor (KS), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the changes in the biochemical contents of liver and muscle of the freshwater water fish N. notopterus has been studied during four different reproductive phases. The hepatic protein content found to be increased during preparatory and decreased during prespawning and post spawning phase The hepatic glycogen was maximum during post spawning phase. In case of muscle the glycogen content was maximum during preparatory and post spawning phase. The hepatic lipid increased during preparatory and starts decreasing in prespawning and spawning. Cholesterol increase during preparatory and decreases during prespawning phase.

3) Age determination and age related biochemical contents in some tissues has been also studied and found to bring changes in the biochemical compositions

Harvestable size: The harvestable size of the fish, N. notopterus was found to be the fish having 25 cm in length and weight of 180 gm which belongs to four years of age

5) Effects of some hormones on tissue biochemical contents has been also studied and found to bring changes in the biochemical compositions

Conclusions:

1) The fish N. notopterus were available in large numbers in most of the aquatic bodies of Gulbarga indicates, the favourable condition for its survival and breeding activity.

2) The biochemical studies indicate that, the fish tissues such as liver and muscle contains all the important nutritional components needed to be called as nutritionally fit for human consumption.

3) The fish, N. notopterus can be harvested when it attains the age of 4 years and above, since the fish tissues has all the biochemical contents in proper proportions. In order to propagation of the species lower aged fish should not be harvested. Hence, the harvestable

(61) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures size of the fish should be of the fish having length of 25 cm, weight 180 gm and age of 4 years and above.

4) Hormones play significant role in biochemical compositions of tissues.

5) The fish N. notopterus is being consumed by the local people particularly poor section of the society and cost of the fish is very less (Rs. 25/kg). Thus from the above study it indicates that it can provide protein requirement in lesser price.

Keywords: N. notopterus, Nurtition, Physico-Chemical parameters, SDS-PAGE, heavy metal

(62) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

INVITED LECTURES

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

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IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 01 MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES THE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION INDUCED REACTIVE GLIOSIS AND COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN F1 RATS

Shrstha Sinha* and Ishan Patro

School of Studies in Neuroscience and Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior *Email id- [email protected]

Poor nutritional status is the leading cause to impaired fetal growth in terms of low body weight and body length. We designed a rat model to mimic the conditions of low resource population with pregestational, gestational and lactational protein malnutrition and supplement the pregnant females throughout the gestational and lactational period to assess glial cells turnover, oxidative stress and cognitive functioning in F1 rats. Spirulina supplementation reduces the reactive gliosis, MDA level, accelerates the acquisition of neurological reflex and improves cognitive abilities in protein deprived rats. Thus, commencing nutritional supplementation may provide a therapeutic strategy to counteract malnutrition induced deleterious effects.

Keywords: Maternal malnutrition; glial cells; behavior and cognition; Spirulina

(65) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 02 EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA (BS) AGAINST LPS INDUCED INFLAMMATION

1 1 1 2 2 1 Ismail, M , Mamatha.C , S. Payani , M. Reddy Sri , N. N. Anandan and M. Bhaskar * 1Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, S.V. University, Tirupati-517502, A.P. 2Department of Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and & Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai – 600 044 * Corresponding author: [email protected]

Inflammation is a complex physiological reaction that occurs in response to a wide variety of injurious agents such as physical trauma, bacterial infection, chemicals or any other physical phenomenon ultimately aiming to perform the dual function of limiting the damage and promoting tissue repair. From ancient times plants are used as drugs to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata (BS) against LPS Induced Inflammation Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups, each group contains 6 animals. First group as positive control whereas second, third, fourth were treated with BS at different concentrations i.e., low dose (50mg/kg.bw), mid-dose (100mg/kg.bw), and high dose 200mg/kg.bw) respectively. The fifth group treated with Indomethacin (10mg/kg.bw). Impact of B. serrata on gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes and histopathology of the lung were studied in all experimental groups. Results of the present study showed that different doses of B. serrata and Indomethacin pretreated animals showed a significant decrease in mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS against LPS induced lung inflammation as compared with expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS in untreated LPS administration rat lung. A decrease in of COX-2 and iNOS expression levels were observed greater in high dose treated rats (0.38), (0.32) followed by Indomethacin (0.97), (0.80) mid-dose (1.01), (0.76), and low dose (1.57), (0.97), respectively of B. serrata pretreated animals. Lung tissue of LPS induced rat shows widespread alveolar wall thickness which caused edema and severe hemorrhages in tissue. The infiltrations of inflammatory cells are seen at alveolar spaces in the LPS alone induced rats in greater

(66) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences numbers. B. serrata and Indomethacin treated rat showed regenerative changes in lung tissue. Higher concentrations of B. serrata treated rats showed a greater effect in reducing structural and morphological damage of lung tissue as compared with standard drug Indomethacin and with dose-dependent groups. From the above findings, it is evidenced that B. serrata has high anti-inflammatory activity so it can be used as herbal medicinal formulation.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Indomethacin, Hemorrhages.

IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 03 EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NON – COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN RELATION WITH RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DIABETES WITH ACALYPHA INDICA

Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy1, Singamala Hari Prasad1, Ganjikunta Venkata Subbaiah1 Sahukari Ravi, Borreddy Venu Gopal Reddy1 Bhasha Shanmugam1, Phatan Usnan Taj1

1Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502, India. Email: [email protected]

70% of the Indian population resides in rural, they experience a higher rate of type 2 diabetes than urban residents resulting in not only the healthcare burden but also the socio- economic burden of the country. The present study which has an impact on rural health made an attempt to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of polyphenol-rich fraction of Acalypha indica in the diabetic liver of rats. In this study, blood glucose, Insulin, liver biomarkers, lipid metabolic profile, and histopathological changes were measured. The obtained results were shown abnormal changes of the induced diabetes was reversed by treatment with a polyphenol-rich fraction of Acalypha indica.

Keywords: Rural population, Acalypha indica, Polyphenolic rich fraction, Diabetes, Liver markers, Lipid profile

(67) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 04 ABLATION OF SPERM ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 11A (SPAG11A) MRNA IN EPIDIDYMAL PRIMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS AFFECTS PROLIFERATION

Kumari Sangeeta and Suresh Yenugu*

Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad – 500046, India. *Email: [email protected]

Differential expression of a variety of proteins in the four major regions of the epididymis contributes to the maturation of spermatozoa and region-specific cellular functions as well. The proliferation of epithelial cells of the epididymis is highly controlled and thus is one of the major reasons for the non-occurrence of cancers in this organ system. The molecular mechanisms and the contribution of region-specific genes in epithelial cell proliferation are not yet fully understood. In this study, for the first time, we analyzed the role of Sperm Associated Antigen 11a (Spag11a), a caput specific beta-defensin like antimicrobial gene in governing epididymal cell proliferation and global gene expression. siRNA mediated knockdown of Spag11a mRNA in epididymal primary epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation. Out of the 68842 genes analyzed, 4182 genes were differentially expressed (2154 upregulated and 2028 downregulated). A variety of genes that participate in different cellular processes and pathways were differentially regulated. Genes that are important for epithelial cell proliferation were found to be differentially regulated and these changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. Overexpression of Spag11a in immortalized rat caput epididymal cells resulted in decreased proliferation capacity. The results of this study indicate that Spag11a plays a crucial role in governing epididymal epithelial cell proliferation.

Keywords: Ablation, Antigen, Spag11a mRNA, Epididymal cells.

(68) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 05 APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE

Soumendra Darbar

Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mallick Road, Kolkata-700032, W.B. E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years the application of nanotechnology in human and veterinary medicine has shown a great progress. Scientists foresee that this progress in the field of nanotechnology could represent a major breakthrough in addressing some of the technical challenges faced by human and veterinary profession. The invention of new techniques to manipulate materials at their nanoscale had an evolutionary effect on various medical sciences. In medical sciences, they are used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. They can also be applied in the preparation of nanovaccines and nanoadjuvants. Their use in the treatment of cancer and in gene therapy opened the door for a new era in medicine. On the other hand, Nanomedicine is the promising replacement of commonly used antibiotics that directly reflects on public health. By so doing, they minimize the problem of drug resistance in both human and veterinary medicine, and the problem of drug residues in milk and meat. It is the application of nanotechnology to achieve faster and effective solutions to our day to day problems of management of diseases by acting at nanoscale and bringing about target-oriented results. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in the health benefits of inorganic NPs. In the past two decades, several NP-based therapeutics have been successfully introduced for the treatment of cancer, pain and infectious diseases. However, the uses of inorganic NPs in the treatment of chronic diseases are sparse in the literature. Chronic liver diseases are the fifth most common cause of death, affecting around 400 million people per year worldwide and have no effective medication. Therapeutic potential and antioxidant activity of Silver Nanoparticle coupled with Andrographis paniculata (AP-

Ag NP) was assessed against CCl4 induced oxidative stress at the tissue level. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of AP-Ag NP against carbon tetrachloride

(CCl4) induced oxidative stress. Male Swiss albino mice were exposed to carbon tetrachloride

(69) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

(CCl4) for 28 days and were co-administered orally with AP-Ag NP (50 mg/kg each) to evaluate effects on heme synthesis pathway, hepatic oxidative injury, and antioxidant potential. The results suggest a significantly elevated ROS, decreased blood and hepatic GSH levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure. Co-administration of nano-antioxidants (AP-Ag NP) increased SOD, CAT and GSH levels and was also beneficial in the recovery of oxidative injury and restoring inhibited aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) activity. In conclusion, the present study showed,

AP-Ag NP when administered orally can protect the liver from CCl4 -induced chronic liver damages due to its increased antioxidant properties. Its possible promising therapeutic role against oxidative stress and related chronic liver diseases deserves consideration.

Keywords: Nanomedicine, Veterinary health, Hepatic Fibrosis, Antioxidant, Mice Model, Hepatotoxicity.

IL – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 06 IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUND BETULINE FROM THE FIDDLER CRAB, UCA ANNULIPES AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

J. Sivakumar, J. Jayanthi and M. G. Ragunathan

PG & Research Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak College, (Autonomous), Guru Nanak Salai, Velachery, Chennai – 600 042 *Email: [email protected], [email protected]

In silico analysis of the bioactive compound betuline from the fiddler crab, Uca annulipes and its antimicrobial activities were studied. The fiddler crabs, Uca annulipes were collected from Muttukadu Estuary located on the Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, 35 K.M away from Chennai, on the East Coast Road route to Kovalam. Fiddler crabs were collected by hand picking method. From the muscle mass of the Crab the bioactive compound was isolated by GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking was performed to identify the protein ligand responsible for the affinity with lung cancer causing tumour cells. Hence betuline is the potential lead molecule for the inhibition of lung cancer protein and the most important residues for potential drug target as carbon hydrogen bond, conventional hydrogen bond

(70) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences and Vander Waals interaction. In vitro studies of antimicrobial activities clearly indicated that the different concentrations of betuline bioactive compound have the potential to control the bacteria such as Eschericia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro studies of anticancer activities also evidently showed the different concentrations of bioactive compound betuline have the potential to control the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Reports are very scanty on this species studied and the reports are very old and hence this present investigation would give latest information on the isolation of bioactive compound for the production of pharmaceutical drugs against the lung cancer. These results will be decisive factor for determining a lead bioactive compound for further drug discovery process for the lung cancer.

Key words: Betuline, Escherichia coli, Lung cancer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Uca annulipes.

(71) (72) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

INVITED LECTURES

ENTOMOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, AND WILDLIFE

(73) (74) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL – Entomology, Parasitology and Wildlife – 01 ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION IN BIRDS: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Dinesh Bhatt

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, INDIA Email: [email protected]

The study of bird song has been identified as a fascinating and potential area of research among biologists from many different branches ranging from molecular biology to ecology. Bird song is a sexually selected acoustic ornament that consists of multiple factors and plays a significant role in breeding behaviour including individual and species recognition, territorial defense, mate selection, song learning, pair maintenance, parent-offspring interactions, etc. The scientific study of bird song has made a significant contribution in many areas such as reproduction biology, neurobiology, evolutionary biology, ethology, cognitive science, etc. In most avian species, songs are sung most intensively at dawn by the male sex and song production is under the control of male sex hormone testosterone. However, in several species, females also sing and some pairs sing elaborate duets during certain times of the year. Based on our researches on certain avian models such as the Oriental magpie robin (Copsycus saularis), the Pied bush chat (Saxicola caprata) and the Indian chat (Cercomela fusca), I shall discuss their song types, song delivery pattern, song cycles, song complexities, song repertoire, year to year variations in song, neighbour-stranger recognition ability etc.

Keywords: Acoustic Communication, Bird song, Breeding behavior, Avian models.

(75) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 02 SIGNIFICANCE OF HONEYBEE IN HORTICULTURE AND FOREST ECOSYSTEM

A. K. Karnatak

V. C. S. G Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal Email ID: [email protected]

Honey bees are one of the oldest forms of life on earth known to have their existence since the Neolithic Age. Primeval humans gathered and ate honey as well as honeycombs of wild bee species, the only available sweet, as far as 7000 B.C.

Apiculture is the practical management of social species of honey bees. It was traditionally practiced for harvesting honey produced by honey bees. Additionally, they also provide products such as bee wax, propolis, bee venom, and royal jelly. All these products are of social, economic and medicinal importance for the human being.

Honey is used as an antibacterial medicine. Its moisture retaining property enables it to be incorporated into cosmetic products. Propolis has several medicinal characteristics such as it is used in the treatment of cardiovascular and blood system (anemia), respiratory apparatus (for various infections), dental care, useful in the treatment of ulcers and many other diseases.

Royal jelly secreted by the hypopharyngeal gland of young worker bees contains almost all the essential amino acids and vitamins needed for growth and maintenance of tissues. It serves as a source of energy and counters the ill effects of aging of cells. It is extensively utilized for making new queens in the beehives. Pollen is a rich source of protein is used as medicine to overcome protein deficiency in humans. Bee venom is another important bee product. It is used in the treatment of paralysis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and some other neural diseases.

Besides, honey bees are the prominent pollinators of several agricultural and horticultural crops. Bees can pollinate flowers of various plants such as mustard, rapeseed, okra, onion, etc. They contribute to more than 80% of all the pollination of cultivated crops. About 15%

(76) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences of the principal crops are pollinated by domestic bees and 80% by the wild bees. Pollination is important for the reproduction of the plants to produce seeds. Unlike the self-pollinated crops, most of the cross-pollinated crops utilize live agents (mostly honey bees) to aid this transfer of pollens. Pollination of crops by honey bees not only results in higher crop yield but it also gives a better quality of produce. Besides, it also increases the oil content in oilseed crops.

The domesticated species of honey bees are maintained, fed and transported by beekeepers. In India, besides honey bees, various other bees such as Trigona iridipennis (stingless bees) are also domesticated and used for pollination purpose. The colonies of honey bees can be moved to crops needing pollination. For this purpose, mostly Italian bee (Apis mellifera) is used @ 3 colonies/ha and Indian bee (Apis cerana indica) is used @ 5 colonies/ha although it differs from crop to crop as well as from season to season.

In a forest ecosystem, the honeybee especially the wild honey bee Apis dorsata plays an important role not only in pollination but also in providing honey and wax in ample amount and is considered to be an important component of forest products.

However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the honey bee population due to pests, diseases, indiscriminate use of pesticides leading to colony collapse disorder, etc. This reduced bees population has led to reduced pollination followed by a decline in crop productivity. Albert Einstein clearly stated, “If the bee disappeared off the face of the Earth, man would only have four years left to live.” Thus, it’s necessary to conserve the honey bee population. This can be further achieved by habitat conservation, using reduced-risk pesticides, promoting organic farming and also promotion of integrated pest management will also have positive effects. Formulation of policies to include pollination as an input in agriculture is a must to maximize productivity in cross-pollinated crops.

Keywords: Honeybee, Horticulture, Apis dorsata, pollination.

(77) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 03 INSECT IMMUNITY: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE SCOPE

Nagaraja Rao Poduri

Department of Zoology, OUCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, A.P. India -500 097. Email: [email protected].

Insects face a lot of challenges biotic stress caused by pathogens, parasites, predators, and parasitoids which are components of biotic component of an ecosystem. The major pathogens are bacteria, viruses, and fungi, etc., and they differ species to species. Only innate immunity is present among insects and acquired immunity is totally absent. The innate immunity is classified as: Cellular and humoral innate immunity. Various haemocytes in insects such as prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, adipocytes, and oenocytoids etc play a major role in cellular immunity. Their number and types vary from species to species and based on the stage in the life cycle. They neutralize the pathogen through phagocytosis, melanisation, nodulation, etc., of cellular immunity mechanisms. Humoral immunity is further classified into two categories. i. Primary immune response and ii. Secondary immune response. Humoral immunity fundamentally depends on the biochemical mechanism. The biochemical components that play a major role in primary responses are lysozyme and prophenol oxidase. The secondary immune response finally supported by the synthesis and production of antimicrobial peptides. These antimicrobial peptides are synthesized in the fat body and differ from insect to insect. An understanding of antimicrobial peptides biochemical nature, specificity, synthesis and the signaling systems that regulate the expression of new chemical substances may be exploited for the benefit of the human race. Innate immune- mediated signaling finally leads to transcriptional variation of various genes and protein expressions. Antioxidant enzyme such as SOD, catalase, and peroxidase also play a major role in insect humoral immunity. Thus insects defend themselves the powerful innate immune system and it can be exploited for the future benefits of man and safety of the environment for the control of microbial infections.

Keywords: Insect immunity, Pathogens, Immune response, antimicrobial peptides.

(78) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 04 CHROMOSOMAL SEX DETERMINATION IN SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA)

Ramakrishna S1. And Kokilamani A. L.2

1Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru- 560056, India 2 Department of Studies and Research in Zoology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru Email: [email protected]

Majority of the animal systems have separate sexes and have genetically based sex- determining mechanism. The male and female is determined by whether they have homomarphic (XX-XX) or heteromorphic (XX-XO, XX-XY) mode of sex-determination. The mechanism of sex-determination is unique and highly diverse in Scale insects (Coccoids). Except for a few species of the primitive family of this group, all other species have no sex chromosomes. Scale insects are one of the specialised groups of hemipteran insects; they are sap-sucking polyphagous pests of many agriculturally important plants. They exhibit a wide range of chromosome numbers from 2n = 4 to 2n = 192. Their chromosome biology is of academic interest; because the chromosomes of coccoids possess holokinetic activities, inverted meiosis and exhibit a variety of bizarre chromosome systems/genetic systems than any animal system of comparable stature. Most species of coccoids are bisexuals with extreme sexual dimorphism. But due to precariousness of male populations, at times some of them have driven to acquaint with the parthenogenesis mode of reproduction. The different modes of operations of meiosis confronted with in the coccoids could have been arisen in a derivative form from that of primitive homopterans- (Aphid-Coccid line) wherein aphids practice chromosome systems such as (XX - XO system). Sex-determination in primitive coccoids has taken its origin based on XX (@&) - XO (B&) mode of sex-determination mechanism. The cytological descriptions of these primitive group of coccoids characteristically reveal that the sex of progeny is predetermined prior to and at spermatogenesis. The other genetic deviations observed were female-male diploidy - 2n-2n system (Ortheziidae, Eriococcidae, and Stictococcidae), Lecanoid chromosome type (Pseudococcidae), Comstockiella system (Comstockiella, Aonidia, Ancepasis, Parlatoria, Odonopsis and Nicholella) and Diaspidid system (Diaspidids) exhibits a peculiar situation among coccoid

(79) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures chromosome systems in which one ‘haploid’ set of chromosomes acquire precocious heteropycnosis during the developmental course and also in the germ line cells. Some taxa of coccoids exhibit Diploid Arrhenotoky and Deuterotoky modes of Parthenogenesis.

Some of the species like Icerya aegyptiaca (F: Margarodidae), Orthezia insignis (F: Ortheziidae), Phenacoccus solenopsis (F: Pseudococcidae), Chloropulvinaria psidii (F: Coccidae) and Chrysomphalous anodium (F: Diaspididae) were subjected to cytological investigations through advanced air-drying techniques. The cytological preparations of these species revealed the wide variety of chromosome systems - Hermaphroditism (I. aegyptiaca), 2N-2N (O. insignis), Lecanoid type (Ph. solenopsis), Parthenogenesis (Ch. psidii) and Diaspidid type (Chr. anodium) and chromosome numbers with 2n = 4, 8, 10, 14 and 2n = 8 respectively. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were identified. It was hypothesized that the special features like holocentric and the inverse meiotic sequences might have played a major role in pre-adapting the group to changes in the chromosome systems. The study also focused some light on the aspects of phylogenetic inter-relationships among the studied taxa.

Keywords: Chromosomal sex determination, Hemipteran insects, Cytological investigations.

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife –05 IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON INSECT PESTS AND VECTORS

Jagbir Singh Kirti

Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002 Email: [email protected]

Although the estimates vary considerably, global warming stemming from man-made emissions, primarily from fossil fuel combustion could increase the surface temperatures by 2ºC to 11ºC in this century. The detailed study based on the computer model suggests that such warming maybe twice as catastrophic as previously thought. Global climate change, perhaps the single most pressing environmental problem putting a serious challenge to human

(80) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences security and survival. Alarming and continuing increases in human populations precipitate the vicious cycle of environmental degradation, diseases, and poverty.

Global warming will in the future, and is in all likelihood already triggering expansion in the range and incidence of insect pests and vectors. The hot climate makes insect pests, vectors and pathogens spread over a wider range and increase their survival rate. An increase of 1ºC in surface temperature is estimated to correspond to a 10% increase in the incidence of new insect pests and vectors.

Deforestation is one of the common factors in all developmental activities and it has been observed that deforestation has led to change in the feeding behavior of various insect pests. Re-emergence/Resurgence of many insect pest species due to microclimate changes is amazing. Insects are ectothermic and sensitive to precipitation. The impact of global warming and climate change can be direct, through the influence of climatic factors on the insect’s physiology and behavior, or indirectly mediated by host plants, competitors or natural enemies.

Populations of insect pests like beetles and insect vectors in general and in particular mosquitoes are growing much faster because of the warmer wetter weather. If climate change continues at the pace it’s going now, these species could take over certain ecological reasons and will affect our food security.

Keywords: Global warming, Climate change, Deforestation, Ectothermic.

(81) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 06 PERIODIC CHANGES IN NEURONAL SPACING IN DORSOLATERAL FOREBRAIN IN MALE INDIAN RING NECK PARROT

U. C. Srivastava1, Sippy Singh2, and Durgesh Singh2

1Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 2Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Prayagraj Email: [email protected]

Dorsolateral forebrain also known as Corticoid Complex is formed by progressive replacement of the hyperpallium apicale. It occupies the dorsolateral surface of the avian telencephalic pallium and is differentiated into two subfields: an intermediate corticoid area (CI) and a dorsolateral corticoid area (CDL). CI acts as a zone of transition between both the hippocampal complex and hyperpallium apicale. CDL region has been suggested to be a part of the avian limbic system playing role in emotion, cognition, and memory. The Cresyl stained sections of the dorsolateral corticoid region of male Indian ringneck parrot were analyzed for neuronal spacing (spaces between neurons) during breeding (October-February) and non-breeding (March-September) period of the bird. CI and CDL regions were analyzed and it was noticed that the spaces between the neurons within CI and CDL region differed significantly (P<0.05) across the season. The neuronal spaces were found to be larger during the breeding time of male parrot. Greater neuronal spacing in breeding male birds can be correlated with an increase in the dendritic ûeld allowing long-range connections during the breeding period when the animal is actively involved in emotional and behavioral acts.

Keywords: Neuronal spacing, Breeding, Non-breeding, Dorsolateral forebrain.

(82) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 07 MANAGEMENT OF ARTHROPOD VECTORS AND PESTS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE AFFECTING INDIAN ARMED FORCES

D. Sukumaran

Defense Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002(M.P) Email: [email protected]

Globally arthropod vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing 7,00,000 human deaths annually. Indian Armed forces posted in different terrains of the country are also equally exposed to these vectors. Since the “Man behind weapon” is very important for all successful mission, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed many personal protective measures/ products like a multi insect repellent Diethyl Phenyl Acetamide (DEPA), WOOLCARE, slow-release insecticidal paint (SRIP), Attracticide to protect Indian armed forces from these arthropod vectors.. Many of these products have potential as a spinoff to civil populations also.

Keywords: DRDO, Arthropod vectors, Insect repellent, DEPA, WOOLCARE, SRIP, Attracticide

(83) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 08 A NEW KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE (KDR) MUTATION F1534L IN AEDES AEGYPTI ASSOCIATED WITH INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE

Neera Kapoor1, Taranjeet Kaur2

1School of Life Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidangarhi, Delhi- 110068. 2National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, Delhi-110077, India Email: [email protected]

The control of Aedes aegypti borne-infections mainly dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika virus relies mainly on vector control measures in the absence of specific drugs or vaccines available against these infections. The emergence of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti may pose a serious threat to the success of insecticide-based vector control programme. Here, we report the presence of multiple knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations present in an Indian Ae. aegypti population including a new mutation F1534L (not reported earlier in Ae. aegypti) which is associated with DDT and pyrethroid resistance. DNA sequencing of partial domain II, III and IV of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) performed on Ae. aegypti collected from Bengaluru, India, revealed the presence of four kdr mutations, i.e., V1016G and S989P in domain II and two alternative kdr mutations F1534C and F1534L in domain III. Allele-specific PCR assays (ASPCR) were developed for the detection of kdr mutations V1016G and S989P while a PCR-RFLP based strategy was adopted for the genotyping of all three known mutations in domain III (F1534L, F1534C and T1520I). Genotyping of 572 A. aegypti samples collected in 2014 and 2015 revealed a moderate frequency of V1016G/S989P (18.27%) and F1534L (17.48%), a relatively high frequency of F1534C (50.61%) and absence of T1520I in the population. Mutations V1016G and S989P were in complete linkage disequilibrium while they were having negative linkage disequilibrium with kdr alleles F1534C and F1534L. The new mutation F1534L showed significant protection against permethrin, deltamethrin, and DDT whereas F1534C showed protection against permethrin and DDT but not against deltamethrin.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Insecticide resistance, Knockdown resistance, Pyrethroid, Voltage-gated sodium channel.

(84) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 09 BOVINE TICK BORNE PROTOZOAN DISEASES IN INDIA

A. Sangaran

Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai – 600007. Email: [email protected]

Arthropods infesting livestock are grouped into flies, fleas, lice, ticks, and mites and among these vectors, flies and ticks are the potent vectors for many bacterial, viral, rickettsial, and protozoan diseases. The effect of these vectors on livestock particularly on bovines can be due to direct losses from their bite and annoyance, worries, and psychological disturbances produced during the act of biting and feeding, diseases they transmit, the cost involved in the control of these vectors. Ticks are highly specialized obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of mammals, birds, and reptiles, distributed worldwide and are of enormous medical and veterinary relevance owing to the direct damage they cause to their hosts and as vectors of a large variety of human and animal pathogens. Animals can be parasitized by thousands of ticks, which multiply the effect on the host, either by direct injuries or disease transmission. Direct injuries to animals can be very serious, especially in tropical climates, and are mainly observed in infestations with ixodid ticks such as Hyalomma sp., Rhipicephalus (Boophilus sp) sp., In India, cattle, and buffaloes are frequently heavily infested with these ticks, which apart from transmitting protozoan diseases such as theileriosis and babesiosis, also cause extensive damage to the livestock health and production. Various species of hard ticks play an important role in disease transmission in addition to their direct effects. For the control of vectors, the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) provides the best remedy and provides problems related to acaricide resistance.

Keywords: Bovines, Cattle, Buffaloes, Tick vectors, Parasitic diseases

(85) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 10 BEEKEEPING INCREASED CROP PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY IN ADOPTED BY FARMERS OF AURANGABAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA

Waykar Bhalchandra

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004 Maharashtra E-mail: [email protected]

On the decline of natural pollinators, beekeeping can contribute to the pollination services, assuring an increase in crop yields, and can also be used to strengthen the livelihoods by increasing revenue through commercialization. The aim of this study was to determine the economic importance of pollination services and the vulnerability of agriculture output in the face of pollinator decline. Experiments and farmer’s surveys were conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 to assess the economics of beekeeping as pollination management practice adopted by the farmers of the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India.

For the pollution, through beekeeping bee box introduction experiment 272 farmers were chosen, who were cultivating different crops, out of which bee boxes were maintained in 136 farmer’s farmlands while 136 other farmers’ farmlands were observed as control with no bee box. Later the yield comparison was done between the two areas to see the effect of bee pollination on the crop yield. The pretested interview schedule was administrated to the sampled farmers for the collection of data. The documentation was done on the basis of interviews and field observations. The obtained results demonstrate that the presence of honey bee boxes in the Pomegranate, Sweet lime, Lemon, Guava, Mango, Apple ber, Onion seed, Drum stick, Lablab bean legumes (Val), Bitter gourd, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Green gram, Pearl millet (Bajra), Cotton, Mustard, Sunflower, and Ajwain field throughout blooming the crop yield by quality and quantity was significantly higher in comparison to fields where no bee boxes were introduced and the increase in the crop yield percentage 53.49, 71.01, 64.29, 55.47, 39.84, 62.50, 56.80, 55.47, 50.00, 150.00, 64.82, 73.80, 43.70, 66.29, 38.80, 85.48, 100.00 and 50.00 respectively. Pollination by honey bees

(86) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences reduced fruit drops and the percentage of misshaped fruits. Bee pollinated plants were having more seeds and fruits, were heavier with bigger and better shape, reached higher commercial grade and also reduced the time between flowering and fruit set. A total of 136 farmers received an additional income of Rs.2, 23, 47,720.00 in a year.

This research finding will provide new ways of thinking on the relationship between beekeeping and their importance on crop production. Poor pollination due to pollinator decline can be mitigated through the beekeeping which helps to uplift the sustainable livelihoods of the farmers through additional income generation.

Keywords: Beekeeping, Apis cerana indica, Apis mellifera, Pollination, Crop yield

IL – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 11 ECOTOURISM: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA

Dilip Kumar Keshri

P.G. Centre of Zoology, Gaya. College, Gaya (Bihar)

Email: [email protected]

India is a veritable mosaic of landscapes and environment, beginning from the snow-clad peaks of Himalaya in the North to the sea encased Southern Peninsula with a variety of climatic conditions and therefore a wealth of flora and fauna, it becomes a place of natural choice for tourists from abroad as well as for domestic tourists. Most of the fauna of the country is protected by the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. In the future, Wildlife tourism will be accepted as a catalyst for the economic development of our country.

Keywords: Ecotourism, Biodiversity, Landscapes, Flora and Fauna.

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INVITED LECTURES

ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

(89) (90) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

IL - Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 01

LIVESTOCK FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY, LIVELIHOOD, AND PROSPERITY OF FARMERS

M. P. Yadav

IVRI Deemed University, Izatnagar SVP University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut Email: [email protected]

Livestock (LS) sector, inclusive of Dairy, Poultry & Fishery, contributes significantly towards Agricultural GDP, especially in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Besides being an integral component of national GDP and economy, food, nutritional and livelihood security, employment generation, gender equity, social security, wellbeing, and cultural heritage, it serves as a source of income on regular basis, and a moving bank on hooves with easy liquidity. As compared to crop agriculture, livestock is more resilient to climatic shocks. It also facilitates organic farming and natural resource management. Livestock sector contributes about 40% of the agricultural GDP globally, which may be as high as 50% or more in mountainous, semi-arid and drought-prone regions. The LS promotes sustainable agriculture, rural development with climate justice and inclusive growth. It serves as cushion to sustain the agricultural GDP/GVP (gross value added). The growth of the Livestock Sector was 1.6 times more than the Crop Sector and 1.3 times more than the Agricultural Sector as a whole in 1990s and 2000s. During the 11th Five Year Plan, average growth of Livestock Sector was 4.15% compared to 3.6% for agriculture as a whole. Animal husbandry, has been growing at a sustainable rate and is ahead among all sub- sectors of agriculture. The GVA from the livestock sector contributed 4% to the overall national GVA and 26.7% to the agricultural GVA in 2014- 15. According to estimates of the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the value of output from the livestock sector was about Rs. 9,17,910 crore at current prices during 2016-17 which is about 31.25% of the value of output from the agricultural and allied sector. During the decade of 2004-05 to 2014-15, crop, livestock, and fisheries sub-sectors had growth of 2.93%, 6.11% and 5.13% per

(91) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Symposium/Invited Lectures annum, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the LS sector never experienced a negative growth during the last three and a half decades and thus serve as engine of growth for the agriculture sector as a whole, and can be relied upon for risk mitigation and minimizing the losses to the farmers even if the outcomes from crop and others sub-sectors happens to be worst as a result of drought, floods, pests or disease, etc. Livestock Sector serves as a source of employment and Livelihood to 70% of the rural population in India.

Milk is the largest agricultural commodity in India. In value terms, the value of milk is more than the combined value of Wheat and Rice — the two important staple crops. Comparison of the value of output from Livestock and Crop Sectors from 1980-81 to 2009-10 showed that Livestock production was more stable. For sustainable agriculture, livestock is the best supplementary/complementary enterprise as the waste of one sector is used as input by the other Sector. Low input-low output-based Animal Husbandry has sustained since centuries in India by practicing Vedic Agriculture based on organic farming. In Maharashtra, it was observed that there was no farm stressed related suicides among the farmers keeping Livestock. In the present-day scenario, Livestock, Poultry, Fishery and Horticulture are best options for higher and sustainable growth in agriculture in India. For sustainable as well as more profitable farming, diversification in Agriculture in Farming System Mode preferably with Livestock component (s) is more profitable. Livestock is more gender-sensitive as about 70% of total workers engaged in livestock are women.

Livestock is best suited for Inclusive growth and to reduce rural-urban disparity in incomes. Livestock distribution is more egalitarian than land distribution. Livestock growth is more Pro-Poor and reduction in rural poverty is more responsive to growth in LS Sector than in Crop Sector. Livestock contributes nearly half of the income of smallholder and landless farmers, accounting for 80% of the farming families having 75% of livestock resources. States having higher growth in the livestock sector in India have less rural poverty. In the last five decades, India has witnessed several agricultural revolutions, namely the Green Revolution (wheat and rice), White Revolution (milk), Blue Revolution (fish) and Pink Revolution (meat). To accomplish these, technology application, Innovation, Policy support, Public and Private Sector participation, and political will play an important role. The lessons learnt subsequent to the green revolution need to be addressed for achieving the evergreen revolution.

(92) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

Various aspects pertaining to enhancing farmers’ income through animal husbandry and dairying with increased and sustainable production of milk, meat, egg, fish and other animal products will be discussed with emphasis on newer technologies, innovation, best practices, strategies and policy support along with the way forward. Value addition and value chains in livestock origin food, HACCP, promotion of Farmers’ Company (FPCs and FPOs) and SHGs for production, value addition and marketing of livestock products, production of mozzarella cheese from buffalo milk, promotion of livestock products’ exports by following suitable EXIM policy, conservation and development of indigenous milch breeds of cattle as envisaged under Rashtriya Gokul Mission project of the government of India, developing modern livestock and poultry markets throughout the country including rural areas, performance recording and identification of the animals, reduction in the unproductive animal population by using sexed semen and high yielding elite germ plasm, reorienting breeding policy and developing breeding Acts by the States and the Central government, registration of livestock breeds and protection of livestock keepers rights, addressing shortage of feed and fodder, increasing AI coverage in cattle and buffalo, production of certified hygienic semen to meet the requirement of the country, capacity building and strengthening of veterinary and extension services at the farmers door, upgrading of the slaughter houses, farmer friendly livestock insurance; stray animal problem, pro-poor livestock policies, human resource development, reaching to the farmers; policy support for credit, subsidy, price regulation; application and preparedness for future science for sustainable development of livestock and poultry sectors will be deliberated.

Keywords: Livestock, Nutritional Security, GDP.

(93) (94) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

JANUARY, 3-7, 2020

BANGALORE

IV ABSTRACTS OF ORAL / POSTER PRESENTATIONS

(95) (96) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

FISH, FISHERIES, AND LIMONOLOGY

(97) (98) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Fish, Fisheries and Limnology – 01

COASTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS CLIMATE HOTSPOTS IN KERALA, INDIA

Shyam. S. Salim and R. Naryanakumar

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi - 682018, Kerala, India Email: [email protected]

Climate change has multi-dimensional impacts on environmental, fisheries, social, economic and development drivers and it necessitates the development of appropriate mitigation and adaptation plans by the government. Climate change hot spots –are ‘live labs’ where climate change impacts and its manifestations are observed “first”. Southwest India has been recognized as one among the twenty-four hot spot regions identified globally. The hotspot area of southwest India comprises of four coastal districts (South Zone: Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam and Central zone: Ernakulam and Alapuzha), as these regions with extensive backwaters fall within the upwelling ecosystem of the south-west coast of India, with rich diversity and supports substantial marine and estuarine fisheries and identified as major spawning gyre of many pelagic species based on fish and larval surveys. The study aimed to identify the extent of vulnerability and the component structure of the vulnerability category measured using the Likert-type response scale and to summarize the data into one or more sub-scales of vulnerability category that can be used as further models. Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity data were collected using structured household questionnaires. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain information from fisher households. Local people from the respective communities (mostly educated and committed women and proactive college students) were selected as evaluators. A composite vulnerability index approach was used to evaluate relative exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

The study quantitatively assessed the vulnerability of fishery-based livelihood systems using the combination of individual indicators. Since each indicator was measured on a different

(99) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations scale, they were normalized (rescaled from 0 to 1).After normalisation, the values were transformed into a four-point scale, categorised as 0-0.25, 0.26-.50, 0.60-0.75 and 0.76- 1.00 which were assigned score values 1 (low), 2 (medium), 3 (high) and 4 (very high), respectively. These values were averaged to yield the three sub-indices for Exposure (E), Sensitivity (S) and Adaptive Capacity (AC) to ultimately calculate vulnerability (V). Sub- indices were combined to create a composite vulnerability index by using the following additive (averaging) equation: V=E+S-AC. In addition, the individual household vulnerability indices were calculated and were classified into low, moderate, high and very high with geospatial distribution and mapped using Open-domain Quantum GIS (QGIS). The study assessed the coastal vulnerability of over 800 coastal households in the two identified marine hotspots, viz, Elamkunnapuzha and Poonthura /Beemapally panchayats in Ernakulam and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala, India using 198 attributes – exposure (36), sensitivity (37) and adaptive capacity (125). The results revealed that the majority of the fisher households in both the villages were highly vulnerable to climate change with the vulnerability of Poonthura (2.85) higher than Elamkunnapuzha (2.80). Apart from that the problems and prospects of the inhabitants in the sector and the importance of Alternative Livelihood Options (ALOs) in climate change adaptation was also assessed. Based on our assessment, it was understood that climate change has impacted coastal communities, mainly fishermen communities, as a result of which 69.52% of them needed alternative livelihood option supports. The study suggests the need for a bottom-up planning process with Local Self Government (LSG) leads. The study developed a multi-stakeholder platform Climate Resilient Village Adaptation and Mitigation Plans (CReVAMP) aimed at sensitizing and improving the resilience of the community towards climate change.

Keywords: Climate change, QGIS, LSG, CReVAMP

(100) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 02

A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE MICROVASCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE CAROTID LABYRINTH OF CERTAIN CAT FISHES

Shri Prakash

Department of Zoology, Kulbhaskar Ashram P. G. College, Prayagraj Email: [email protected]

Carotid labyrinth which is present in the dorsal head region of teleosts is a fascinating and enigmatic structure from the evolutionary, anatomical and functional point of view and is attributed to regulate the fluid pressure and oxygen supply to the brain. An architectural study of the microvascular system of the carotid labyrinth in catfishes reveals diverse significant findings that have been carried out in the present investigation. In the present histochemical study, four different species of catfishes were taken and Delafield’s hematoxylin-eosin staining and Mallory’s triple stain. In the current study, different species of catfish showed variable cytoarchitecture of the microvascular system of carotid labyrinth though with a common consensus due to the presence of vessels of various diameter and composition which lacked pillar cell system of sheet flow type unlike the pseudobranch of the teleosts. In addition, this study also revealed that the microvascular system comprises arterioles, meta-arterioles, precapillary and capillaries. Thus the present study contradicts the previous finding of the phylogenetic derivation of the carotid labyrinth microvasculature system from the pseudobranch. Present findings have also been discussed from the functional point of view in light of the recent findings.

Key Words: Carotid labyrinth, Psudobranch, Microvascular architecture, Meta-arteriole, Precapillary

(101) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 03

ROTIFERA: TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION

Sarbjeet Kour

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu Email: [email protected]

The phylum Rotifera also called Rotatoria comprises small microscopic organisms with average size varying from 40 μm to 2.5mm but few many acquire a size of 100 to 500 μm. The body of rotifers is unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical with a pseudocoelom and possesses two distinctive features, corona, and mastax. Rotifers are cosmopolitan in distribution but are mostly inhabitants of freshwater with few genera as brackish and marine water inhabitants. These organisms are mostly free-living (swimming or crawling) but many are sessile. The majority is solitary and few are colonial as well. Rotifers are known to exist in varied body forms, from saccate to cylindrical and some worm-like and body divisible into the head (with corona), neck, body, foot but the body is not metameric. This generalization of body parts does not represent all rotifers. Rotifers posses a syncytial integument containing a filament layer of varying thickness, an intracytoplasmic lamina, a characteristic shared with parasitic pseudocoelomate phylum, Acanthocephala, indicating a phylogenetic relationship. Species in which the integument is thickened with a scleroprotein covering are known as loricates and if with thin, flexible integument then are known as illoricates. These microorganisms show phenotypic variations as an important adaptive mechanism, which posses a difficulty for systematics. This variation known as cyclomorphism arises by several mechanisms (Phenotypic change in body size, spine length, pigmentation ornamentation) due to physical, chemical and biological features. Although the contribution of rotifers is small to the total zooplanktonic biomass because of their small size; yet they play an important part in the ecology of an aquatic ecosystem and species composition often reflects the trophic status of a water system, and thus act as potential indicators of water quality. These are known as living food capsules because of being preferred food of larvae of fish, shrimp due to non-evasiveness, negotiable size, nutritional quality, the potential for very high

(102) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences reproductive rates. Thus, keeping in view their importance in fisheries; unique body architect; cosmopolitan distribution, water quality indicators, a study of taxonomy and distribution of rotifers becomes quite pertinent.

Keywords: Rotifera, Taxonomy, Miscrocopic, Water quality indicator.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 04

HABITAT IDENTIFICATION OF CHANDA NAMA IN KRISHNA RIVER, INDIA: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Rohan Kumar Raman*, Malay Naskar, R. K. Manna, A.K. Das, S. K. Sahu, and B. K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120. Email: [email protected]

Machine learning (ML) uses advanced computational technology to explain the complex ecological pattern and process. In this study ML model-based application is used to identify the key features representatives of water and sediment quality parameters over the presence/ absence of Chanda nama fish in Krishna River (Das et. al, 2017). Two ML models Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network used on the presence/absence of Chanda nama and ten water and soil quality parameters for the analysis. The four parameters, including temperature, specific conductivity, NO3-N, and dissolved oxygen were identified as the key features of Chanda nama presence/absence in the Krishna River.

Keywords: Chanda nama, Machine learning, Krishna river, Ecology

(103) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 05

ASSESSMENT OF FISH ASSEMBLAGE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS FOR DEVELOPING FISHERY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN THIPPAGONDANAHALLI RESERVOIR, KARNATAKA

Ramya V. L1., Sibina Mol S1., Preetha Panikkar1, Jesna P. K1. and Uttam Kumar Sarkar2

1. Research Centre, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 2. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore Corresponding author: Ph. No.8197833036, Email id. : [email protected]

Thippagondanahalli reservoir (12°58'24"N 77°20'33"E) on River Cauvery located in Bangalore district of Karnataka has a water spread area of 1162 ha at FRL. Fish assemblage study was conducted to characterize the fish diversity patterns using spatial and temporal variations in relation to habitat parameters. Species richness of 25 fish species (80% of native) belonging to 14 families and 4 orders were recorded. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of 1.76 and 0.76 respectively indicated that the species diversity was highest during monsoon. Physico-chemical parameters indicated highly eutrophic nature of the reservoir ecosystem. CCA between habitat characteristics, species abundance with the seasons showed significant difference. The results of the study could be utilized in developing measures for conserving fish species in the ecosystem. It is further suggested to use FADs, to stock certified seed and to study the impact assessment of exotic species to scientifically develop a sustainable fishery resource in the reservoir

Keywords: Thippagondanahalli, Assemblage, Reservoir, Habitat, Diversity, Lentic, Inland resources

(104) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 06

LIVELIHOOD STATUS OF THE RIVERINE FISHERFOLK: A STUDY OF BHAGIRATHI-HOOGHLY STRETCH OF GANGA RIVER

Arun Pandit, Anjana Ekka, B.K. Das, S. Samanta, and Lokenath Chakraborty

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120 Email: [email protected]

In the Bhagirathi-Hooghly stretch of the Ganga River, a sizeable population of fishers depends on fishing for their livelihood and daily sustenance. The study conducted during 2016-17 covering a sample of 500 fishers from 560 km stretch from Sagar to Farakka in West Bengal, found that the socio-economic conditions of the fishermen households are not encouraging. The majority of them are illiterate (40.40 %), the average size of the family is around 4. Overall, the contribution of fishing occupation in total income was estimated to be 70.30%. The monthly income of the household was found to be Rs. 9,391. The occupation diversification is also quite low (Simpson occupation diversity index 0.2672). Since the fishery as a profession is unable to provide a decent life, they may be trained in some other income-generating activities to supplement their income.

Keywords: Occupation, diversification, riverine fisher, Ganga

(105) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 07

DETERMINATION OF BIOSAFETY AND WITHDRAWAL PERIOD OF ANTIPARASITIC DRUG EMAMECTIN BENZOATE IN CATFISH PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS

Nilemesh Das1, Sanjib Kumar Manna1*, Asit Kumar Bera1, Basanta Kumar Das1, Sanjeev Sen Ghadei1, K. Ashok Kumar2, and Prasanna Kumar Patil3

1ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700 120, West Bengal, India 2ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin-682 029, Kerala, India 3ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai – 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author E. mail - [email protected]; [email protected]

Cage culture of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus has emerged as a major fish production system in India. However, it faces parasitic diseases incurring a loss to the sector. The present investigation was conducted to determine biosafety of antiparasitic drug emamectin benzoate and its withdrawal period in P. hypopthalmus. The drug caused an insignificant reduction in total RBC and haemoglobin and increased ALT and AST levels. The withdrawal period of the drug was determined to be 25 days; most of the clinical parameters returned to normal after drug withdrawal. The study indicates that emamectin benzoate may be used in P. hypopthalmus in face of disease outbreaks.

Keywords: P. hypophthalmus, Emamectin benzoate, Biosafety, Withdrawal period.

(106) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 08

TRICLOSAN EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE MICROALGAL COMMUNITY: AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDY

S. Das Sarkar, S.K. Nag, Kavita Kumari, Md. Aftabuddin and B.K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Toxicity responses of Triclosan (TCS) have been observed in the axenic culture of microalgae obtained from wetland and maintained in laboratory conditions. The 48h microalgal median effective concentration (EC50) of TCS was 1.0 μg/l. Preliminary bioassay revealed decreased cell density i.e. from 4.75x104 cells/ml (initial generic richness) to 2.41x104 cells/ml after 48h. Cell malformities viz. chloroplast granulation in Nitzschia and Navicula and shape distortion in Selenastrum and sub-cellular lysis in Chlorella vulgaris in treated samples was observed as compared to control. The present study will visualize and quantify the teratological deformities and morphometric asymmetry in photosynthetic autotrophs caused by the environmental toxicants.

Keywords: Triclosan, Microalgae, Cellular lysis, Morphological deformity

(107) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 09

ASSESSMENT OF RIVER MAHANADI WITH RESPECT TO HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATIONS IN SEDIMENT

S. Samanta, S. K. Nag, Vikas Kumar, K. Saha, S. Bandyopadhyay, R.K. Raman, B.P. Mohanty, and B.K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120, INDIA Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Rivers in India are facing anthropogenic challenges. These are mostly utilized as the drainage systems to carry all wastes. The study conducted during 2012-2015 in river Mahanadi to assess Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn contaminations in sediment and their probable impact. Cd was recorded at BDL of flame mode of AAS, Cr BDL-73.9 mg kg-1, Cu BDL-44.4 mg kg-1, Mn 37.2–1887.0 mg kg-1, Pb BDL-29.5 mg kg-1 and Zn BDL-92.5 mg kg-1. All metals were within the pollution limits of the USEPA sediment quality guidelines except Cr, recorded at the moderately polluted level. Data evaluated with indices like CF, Igeo, Cd, i mCd, PLI, E R, RI and were recorded at low contamination level with low ecological risks. The Sediment Quality Guidelines indicated that Cr and Cu were low to moderately polluted with some potential adverse biological effects. PCA revealed that both lithogenic and anthropogenic inputs were the sources of contaminations.

Keywords: River Mahanadi, metal contamination, sediment, ecological risk

(108) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 10

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES RELATED TO INDIGENOUS ORNAMENTAL FISHES IN CHHARAGANGA BEEL, AN OPEN WETLAND OF LOWER GANGA BASIN

Supriti Bayen, Thangjam Nirupada Chanu, Ranjan Kumar Manna, Archisman Ray, Nitish K. Tiwari, Subhadeep Das Gupta, Canciyal Jhonson, Trupti Rani Mohanty, and Basanta Kumar Das*

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120. Corresponding author*- [email protected]

Chharaganga beel is an open wetland ecosystem connected with river Ganga, providing food security and livelihood of local people. Fish species with potential use as ornamental fishes were observed among the fishes recorded. A total number of 31 indigenous ornamental fish species belonging to 15 families and 08 orders were noticed. Dominated ornamental families like Ambassidae (Parambassis spp.), Cyprinidae (Pethia spp., Puntius spp.), Osphronemidae (Trichogaster spp.) are among them. Diversity Index (H) of ornamental fish species diversity was found at 1.5 during monsoon indicating higher diversity and thus justifying the importance of maintaining the connection with river Ganga allowing recruitment. An attempt should be made to conserve the ecology and practice sustainable management to maintain diversity.

Keywords: Chharaganga beel, River connectivity, Ornamental fish diversity

(109) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 11

BIOFLOC - COPEFLOC: A NOVEL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE SHRIMP FARMING

Narasimman Manickam and Perumal Santhanam*

Marine Planktonology & Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The aquaculture as a food production sector offers ample opportunities to improve poverty, food shortage, and malnutrition generates economic growth and ensures better use of natural resources on aquaculture. The necessity to increase aquaculture production has been triggered by the increasing demand per capita in parallel of the increase of global population. It is predicted that aquaculture will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the future. Shrimp farming is a fast-expanding activity that has supported the growth in the supply of these crustaceans’ species to consumers around the world. However, there are many controversial issues in aquaculture regarding food quality, food nutrition, food safety, and sustainability; many of which are directly related to nutrition and feeds for farmed shrimp. Some issues in the area of shrimp nutrition require consideration, improvement, such as feed and nutrient efficiency, overfeeding and waste, fish meal and fish oil replacements, shrimp/ fish health, biotechnology, and human health concerns. The improvement of aquaculture hatchery and industry through innovative farming a new technology is the need of the hour. In this perspective, the manner Biofloc - Copefloc the technique (BFT and CFT) is considered as a promising a novel technology for the aquaculture system. Biofloc-Copefloc is the new shrimp farming technique introduced in the first time of Thailand, was developed on the basis of technology Biofloc; advantages and floc particles are to use live food as the main food for shrimps, not food industrial use. BFT and CFT of recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) is the most advanced technology to the shrimp farming industry that provides natural live diets (live feed) “Copepod” for postlarvae (PL) prior to stocking, pond water stability

(110) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences enhances good survival rate (SR), fastest growth rate (GR), high profitable, totally sustainable and without any destructive to our environment ecosystem. This research paper reveals that the advantage of using BFT and CFT a novel technology system in sustainable shrimp farming of aquaculture practice and training.

Keywords: Biofloc, Copefloc, Microalgae, Copepods, Probiotics, RAS.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 12

CBF IN LARGEST RESERVOIR OF INDIA – THE INDIRASAGAR RESERVOIR, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

A. K. Das, M. Naskar and B. K. Das

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata- 700 120 Email: [email protected]

The fisheries sector, the sun rising avenue amongst all the agricultural commodities, has been playing a spearheading role in supporting valued and gainful employment to a large section of people, especially rural India, besides securing their food and nutritional security. Registering an impressive growth of 43 folds, during the last 68 years, inland fish production has touched to 8.60 million tonnes (mt) in 2017-18 (DAD & F, 2019) from a mere 0.2 mt in 1950-51. Transforming at a rapid rate from a traditional to commercial scale, the sector has been performing to showcase an increase in fish production to a valued figure with a target of achieving 10.0 m t by 2020 to provide 12kg fish per capita annually to huge Indian population (62% fish eaters). During 1950-2018, fish production systems in inland waters have not only been expanded but also been diversified, intensified and technology-driven advancement through eco-orienting approach paying utmost importance to ecological integrity without any comprise. The varied and vast inland open water resources spanning across the country especially reservoirs (>3.517 m ha) with huge untapped potentials having enormous scope of enhancing fish production from the present level of 110 kg/ha/year, which can address hidden harvest, hidden hunger, life and livelihood including nutritional security, to a vast array of people primarily in India in developing social health making India

(111) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations a nutritionally smart country in the world. Culture-based fishery (CBF) is the practice of enhancing fish stocks in waters with low to no recruitment to sustain a fishery, normally applied in water bodies with no supplemental feeding. Thus CBF is the culture of economically important fish species which is the most suitable option for increasing production from small reservoirs which is a proven technology in India as developed by ICAR-CIFRI. Of late, the technology of CBF has been extended to larger water bodies including medium and large reservoirs also which are depending solely on natural recruitment and survival of wild stocks, which in most part of the year, not sustainable to supply of handful of fishes from these vast water resources (> 17 lakh ha). A recent study on Fisheries enhancement in larger reservoirs across India conducted by ICAR-CIFRI revealed that the production figure of these water bodies has reached to a great height where due care has been given to CBF following sound stocking programs on regular basis. Mention-worthy amongst the reservoirs are: Indirasagar (91,348 ha), Gandhisagar , (68,230 ha), Bansagar (54,800 ha), Barna (7700 ha), Halali (7712 ha), Bargi (27,697 ha), Govindsagar (16,867 ha), Pong (24,629 ha) where fish production has been increased substantially following importance on proper stocking and optimum efforts. The present fish yield (kg/ha/y in Gandhisagar is 127 kg, Govindsagar 140kg, Indirasagar 52 kg which can be exemplified and applied in other such water bodies keeping ecology and biodiversity intact.

Indirasagar reservoir (ISR), the largest reservoir of India with water spread (A) at FRL is 91,348 ha with mean depth is 42.0 m, shore development index 3.80, and volume development index 1.68 at full reservoir level with flushing rate 1.4, came into existence during 2005, situated at 22o 17' 003 N, at an elevation of 262.13 m ASL. With catchment 61,642 km2 and catchment to reservoir area is 67.4, an important predictor of reservoir productivity. The very basics of CBF in ISR lie with its huge fish production potential (200 kg/ha/y) lying with its limno-chemical parameters especially pH: 8.4, good alkalinity (>103 ppm), good dissolved nutrient contents; nitrate-N at 196 ppb in post-monsoon, phosphate- P av. 158 ppb with substantial dissolved oxygen (DO>7.8 ppm) being reflected in planktonic production. Zooplankton (65.5%) exhibited an edge over phytoplankton (34.5%) Zonal variations in biotic communities were not observed in this reservoir. Plankton was very moderate (1065-6010 u/l; 1.12-3.14 ml/m3). Stocking is being made @360 nos/ha/year at

(112) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences present with CPUE is 276 boats with 2 fishers per boat. Getting a clue from production potential, the reservoir has been leased @Rs. 65 crores for 5 years with two months closing seasons to be observed every year. Gaining knowledge from the intrinsic water qualities coupled with the substantial presence of biotic communities, wider application of the CBF system in this water body being followed by inviting entrepreneurs through e-tendering. The modus operandi has been redefined through active interventions of ICAR-CIFRI with some riders imposed on the ‘Fish Seller’ as to take care of almost all the displayed persons in the form of fishers working for the ‘Fish Seller’. It was revealed that the present CPUE to be increased to 500 unit boats/day, the stocking density @300 nos/ha is the most befitting one which can be sustained in this reservoir. Thus, an increase in per-unit water productivity from vast Indian reservoirs through CBF targeting gainful employment to a large rural mass would be a modest attempt as revealed from the ISR which may be observed in other such larger reservoirs of India in the coming days.

Keywords: Large Indian reservoirs, CBF, Productivity, Livelihood

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 13

EFFECT OF CADMIUM TOXICITY ON BIOCHEMISTRY OF GUPPY FISH

Sabiha Khan

Department of Zoology, S P C Government College, Ajmer Email: [email protected]

The acute toxicity of cadmium on enzyme activities of fish was evaluated under static conditions. The fish was constantly exposed to cadmium. Evaluation of the toxic effect of cadmium on fish Lebistes reticulatus(Guppy) was observed. Effect of sub-lethal (LC 50), 1/3rdand 1/9th LC 50 concentrations at 15, 30 and 45 days of exposure was studied in target organs liver. A drastic change in the Acid phosphatase (ACP), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Adenosine triphosphatase enzyme (ATPase) was observed. The enzyme ACP and ALP was elevated throughout the experimented period and the ATPase activity was

(113) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations inhibited along the experimental period at three different concentrations of cadmium. The increase in hepatic acid phosphatase activity in intoxicated animals in the present investigation may be due to the destruction of the lysosomal membrane which resulted in the release of the enzyme. It is found that cadmium disturbs the chemical constituents of the fish which leads to cell damages and finally mortality in fishes.

Keywords: Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, Sublethal, Cadmium.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 14

SYNTHESIS OF PVA ENCAPSULATED AGNP AND ITS EFFICACY AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT FISH PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, AEROMONAS HYDROPHILLA

D. J. Sarkar1, B. K. Das1, S. Basu2, D. Mohanty1, B. K. Behera1

1ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India 2Amity University, Kolkata Email: [email protected].

The finfish production in India still limited due to various bacterial diseases. The situation has been worsening by the development of AMR in them. The present study describes the synthesis of nanosilver by encapsulation with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its efficacy against oxytetracyline resistant A. hydrophilla. The nanosilver was found to show antimicrobial activity against oxytetracyline resistant A. hydrophilla. An amount of 5 μL of nanosilver suspension showed a 5.8 mm zone of inhibition as compared to nil for standard oxytetracyline disc. Nanostructured drugs for fisheries applications have the potential to revolutionize the disease management problem through breaking AMR.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Resistance, Oxytetracycline

(114) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 15

PATTERN OF PLANKTON DYNAMICS OF A TROPICAL RESERVOIR CONTROLLED BY THE COMPLEX INTERACTION AMONG HYDROLOGICAL, ABIOTIC, AND BIOTIC VARIABLES

Suman Kumari, Gunjan Karnatak, Liamthuamluaia, A. K. Das, H. S. Swain, U. K. Sarkar and B. K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India Email: [email protected]

The hydrological, abiotic, and biotic of Maithan Reservoir, Jharkhand, built on the river Barakar was investigated from 2015 to 2019. This study was conducted to identify the key factors related to the Spatio-temporal variations in plankton abundance in a tropical reservoir to aid in developing strategies for water quality management. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a dimension-reduction technique, was used to identify interactions between environmental variables (abiotic factors) and abundance (biovolume) of predominant phytoplankton and zooplankton groups. The trophic state of Maithan Reservoir based on physico-chemical characteristics and plankton community is an oligotrophic lake.

Keywords: Maithan Reservoir, Abiotic, Biotic, Dynamic factor analysis, Oligotrophic.

(115) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 16

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN RESERVOIR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FOR LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA

Uttam K. Sarkar*, Lianthuamluaia, Puthiyottil Mishal, Gunjan Karnatak, Archan K. Das and Basanta K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120 *Email: [email protected]

India has enormous reservoir resources to the tune of 3.42 million ha that provides tremendous scope for increasing fish production to improve the livelihood of resource-poor fishers. During the past decades, considerable fish stocking programmes have been implemented for the enhancement of fish production through several central sponsored schemes. Recent studies revealed a vast gap between the fish yield (11-318 kg/ha/yr) and potential (72-430 kg/ha/yr) in selected reservoirs of India. Proper assessment of the stocking programmes and maintaining a scientific database is essential for the improvement and refinement of the stocking technology. In this regard, ICAR-CIFRI has developed culture-based fisheries technology for a sustainable enhancement of fish production.

Keywords: Reservoir, Culture-based fisheries, Stocking, India.

(116) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 17

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FLOODPLAIN WETLAND FISHERIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Uttam Kumar Sarkar*, Malay Naskar, Suchismita Saha, Snigdha Baksi, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, Bandana Das Ghosh, Gunjan Karnatak, Mishal P. and Basanta Kumar Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, India *E-mail: [email protected]

The floodplain wetlands are adversely impacted by anthropogenic activities and their degradation is aggravated by climate change. The altered climatic regime and extreme events like heat waves, floods, droughts, etc affect the ecological profile of wetlands and reproductive traits of aquatic organisms especially fishes. Thus, it is essential to assess the vulnerability of wetlands to conserve the resources. In the present study, various vulnerability indices have such as- reproductive vulnerability using threshold GSI values for prioritized species, climatic optima for breeding, heat indices (Hi), stakeholder-driven vulnerability assessment, GIS- based vulnerability mapping using Trophic Score Index (TSI) have been developed to assess the impact of climate change on these ecosystems. These indices provide useful information to strategize mitigation measures.

Keywords: Floodplain wetlands, Climate change, Ecology, Reproductive traits, Vulnerability indices.

(117) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 18

AQUACULTURE: AN INNOVATION OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD FOR RURAL WOMEN

V. R. Chavan

Shri Vijaysinha Yadav Arts and Science College, Peth Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected]

Fisheries and aquaculture are important sources for food and sustainable livelihood in India. It contributes to improved income and employment of rural and coastal people. The capture fishery has been widely constrained by the exploitation of open water resources, reduction in flood plain areas and intensification of agriculture. Women’s role in aquaculture is limited to collection and marketing that too restricted to coastal areas and to certain communities. Several socio-cultural in rural areas strive women to earn from aquaculture. Women’s involvement in aquaculture is necessary to increase income, food production and enhance nutrition security. The present study offers a proposal for the empowerment of rural women in Kolhapur district through participation in profitable livelihood like aquaculture. It also offers some practical ways for the dissemination of aquaculture practices. Aid of technical approaches, capacity building, and policy support will extend the benefits of aquaculture to a broad spectrum of rural women.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Livelihood, Food Security, Capacity building, Rural women

(118) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 19 PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO FRESHWATER PONDS OF HAZIPUR, VAISHALI DISTRICT OF BIHAR

Vijay Kumar

Dept. of Zoology, R.N. College, Hazipur, Vaishali, Bihar Email: [email protected]

The present paper does the physicochemical analysis of the two freshwater ponds located in Hazipur town, Vaishali, Bihar, and the effects of sewage pollution from the drains of surrounding areas. The study is carried on from January 2018 to December 2018. The range of variation for some physicochemical parameters like dissolved O2, free CO2, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Alkalinity, Calcium chloride, Phosphate, Nitrate, and BOD was studied for both the pond. These parameters show a marked difference between two freshwater ponds depending upon the quality and nature of sewage pollution.

Keywords: Physicochemical, Sewage pollution, Dissolved oxygen, BOD.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 20 LYTIC PHAGES PROTECT INDIAN MAJOR CARPS, LABEO ROHITA (HAM.) EXPERIMENTALLY SEPTICAEMIC WITH THE ISOLATES OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA

Suneeta G. and Yogendra Prasad

*Aquatic Biotechnology and Fish Pathology Lab., Department of Animal Science, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly - 243006 (U.P.), India Email: [email protected]

This investigation was aimed to explore the potentials of 15 lytic phages (AhP1 –AhP15) of A. hydrophila found 100% resistant to novabiocin, amoxyclave and ampicillin sourced from sewage water, pond water and pond bottom against the 15 isolates relatedness with

(119) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations fish hatchery, reservoir, and riverine systems of Himalayan and Sub Himalayan regions. From the phage therapy application perspective, three phages AhP1, AhP5 and AhP8 infected (at 0.01MOI) about 63 % (11/15) of tested A. hydrophila isolates and displayed profound lytic activity against these isolates. They yielded the highest titer of 107 pfu and proliferated at wide ranges of temperature (15-35OC) and pH (6.5 to 8.5). Electron microscopy revealed that they were composed of the isometric head of 35 nm with a non-contractile long tail of 70 nm categorized to family Siphoviridae. Analysis of phage DNA showed the presence of double-stranded (ds) DNA of 22 - 24kbp with slight heterogeneity and 4 major structural protein of 42-50kDa with slight variation. From therapeutic points of view, combinatorial phage treatment exhibited highly significant (P<0.001) results of increasing reduction

(96.64%) in mean log10 cfu at 96 hours of PI and recovery diseased conditions of experimentally septicaemic fish without recovery of A. hydrophila. The non-recurrence of BHS and absolute survival of fish after bath treatment of polyvalent phages (AhP5 and AhP8) suggested their good promises on host bacterium in vivo cases. The bacterium and phages could not be recovered in pre and post-bath challenged fishes after 96hours of phage PI. It implies the complete clearance of host bacterium and auto control of phages. The results of this study reinforce the potential lytic impact of AhP5 and AhP8 phages against A. hydrophila which may be a suitable option to alleviate its infection in aquaculture.

Keywords: A. hydrophila, Bacteriophages, carp, Septicaemia, virus.

(120) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 21

TIME DEPENDENT CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LABEO ROHITA (HAM1822) FINGERLINGS DURING TRANSPORTATION

H.S Swain, N. K Tiwari, S. Das Gupta, M.H. Ramteke, R. K. Manna, A. Upadhyay, and B. K. Das*

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120 *Corresponding author- [email protected] Presenting author: [email protected]

An experiment was carried out to assess time-dependent changes in water quality and biochemical parameters during transportation of Labeo rohita fingerlings. L. rohita (15g ±0.8g) fingerlings was packed in 12 plastic packets each containing 20L of water and 500g of fish. Water quality and haematological parameters were studied initially (0hrs) and an interval of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th hrs. During the study, the oxygen consumption rate decreased from 4.2mg/Hrs to 0.04mg/Hrs from 1hrs to 4hrs. It was found that the saturation level of the dissolved oxygen changed from 97 % (0 hrs) to 5.4 % (4 hrs) while an increased level of ammonium ion {0.18 mg/l (0 hrs) - 1.2 mg/l (4hrs)} and ammonia {0.1 mg/l (0 hrs) - 0.6 mg/l (4hrs)} was observed. Similarly, stress parameters like blood glucose level decreased and serum cortisol was found increased significantly with elapse of time.

Keywords: Fingerling, Transportation, Biochemical parameters, Water quality

(121) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 22 FISH CATCH COMPOSITION BY FISHERIES CO- OPERATIVE SOCIETY KUTLEHAR DURING THREE YEARS (2013-2015)

Krishan Lal*

Department of Zoology, Sidharth Govt. College, Nadaun (H. P.) Email: [email protected]

Gobind Sagar reservoir (31Ú 25’ N, 76Ú 25’ E) has been created by damming the Sutlej river at Bhakra in the year 1963. Gobind Sagar reservoir is rich in commercial fishes. Fishermen have organized themselves in the form of co-operative societies. Fishermen have been issued the licenses by state fisheries department of Himachal Pradesh Govt., for this purpose. Only those fishermen who have been issued the licenses to operate in this reservoir can do fishing from this reservoir. These were bound to sell their catch through their concerned co-operative society, to the concerned contractor only. Officials of state fisheries department supervised the sale and transport of caught fish at the landing center. These officials also kept proper records of sold fish in every respect. State fisheries department earned 15 % royalty over the sold fish. Fisheries department also kept strict vigil to prevent poaching. Gill nets having a knot to knot mesh size more than 5 cm (mostly more than 4 inches) were allowed to operate and catch fishes. Co-operative societies have been allowed a specific area to operate therein. Fishermen of fisheries co-operative society Kutlehar operated in their area of operation in the Lunkhar Khad stream region of the reservoir. A total of 95,860 fishes weighing 1,51,883.6 kg were caught by this fisheries co-operative society during three years (2013 to 2015). There was a decline in fish catch from the year 2013 to 2015. An increase in the catch of Tor putitora and Labeo rohita was recorded by this co-operative society. Decreased catch of Catla catla and H. molitrix was recorded by this co-operative society during these years. Catla catla, H. molitrix and Cyprinus carpio made a good share of caught fish. The maximum catch was recorded during the August month(s) in these years. This may be attributed to the no fishing due to closed season during June and July months. Fisheries co-operative society Kutlehar worked well for the fish catch.

Keywords: Fish catch, Reservoir, Co-operative society.

(122) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 23

DIVERSITY OF THREADFIN BREAMS (FAMILY NEMIPTERIDAE) IN THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA

K. K. Bineesh*

Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair – 744102, Andaman Islands, India. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

The threadfin breams (family Nemipteridae) of the genus Nemipterus Swainson 1839 are small to medium-sized fishes that are widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific region. They are valued table food fishes throughout Asia where they are mainly taken by hook-and-line and bottom trawl fishery. Accurate identification and description of species is essential for these economically important groups with a view to documenting their diversity and abundance thus enabling managing their stocks. The key characters used for their identification show great plasticity, and the overlapping characters of species make these small demersal fishes as taxonomically challenging group. The present study was conducted to review the genus Nemipterus and resolve the taxonomic ambiguities among the threadfin breams in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and update the taxonomic key using an integrative approach, incorporating traditional morphology-based taxonomy with COI marker. We examined 12 species belonging to the genus Nemipterus sampled from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The study revealed one species of them to be new to science that described as Nemipterus andamanensis. An updated morphological key for the species of the genus Nemipterus from the Indian waters was provided for the accurate species identification. The genetic variations within and between the species were calculated. High genetic separation observed within Nemiperus japonicas and Nemipterus peronii warranted further taxonomical analysis. They possess a unique haplotype that is substantially divergent from all other Nemipterus species. The sequence of Nemipterus marginatus shows 8.5% genetic divergence with our sequences of Nemipterus andamanensis from

(123) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations the South Andaman Islands. The study suggests that molecular markers can be used as a complementary tools for accurate species identification, which in turn would help fishery management plans for small scale threadfin fisheries.

Keywords: Threadfin breams, Nemipteridae, DNA barcode, Andaman Islands

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 24

COVENANTAL RELATIONSHIP IN BETWEEN FISHERMEN AND FISHING IN A.P. STATE, INDIA

M. Jaya Kumar Jacob1 and P. Brahmaji Rao2

1Associate Professor, Department of Sciences & Humanities, Environmental Studies, Amrita Sai Institute of Science and Technology, Amrita Sai Nagar, Paritala,- 521 180. Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India. e-mail: [email protected] Corresponding Author e-mail: [email protected]

Fishermen communities in Andhra Pradesh State are ancient and isolated from the mainland Indian communities since time immemorial. In spite of a hoary tradition of fishing in A.P., the existing literature does not do much justice to the subject. In the present research, three prominent caste-wise fishing communities i.e. Vadabalija, Agnikulakshatriya, and Pattapu were purposively selected from four districts of the southern coast of Andhra, present in the Central and Southern Zones were studied. The covenantal relationship between fishermen and fishing was identified to understand the concept of marine-socio-ecology of sustainable traditional livelihoods to contribute basic knowledge to the world.

Keywords: Fishermen, Covenantal Relationship, Socio-ecology, Livelihoods, Economy.

(124) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 25

IMPACTS OF 2018 FLOOD ON THE FISHERIES OF RIVER PAMPA, KERALA

Sibina Mol S1*., Deepa Sudheesan2, Ajoy Saha1, T. T. Paul2, R. Palaniswamy2, Suresh V. R.3, and Das B. K.3 1Bangalore Research Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 089 2Kochi Research Station of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi – 682018 3ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata - 700 120

Pampa river is the third-longest river in Kerala which faced severe flood during the 2018 monsoon when Kerala received abnormally high rainfall. Immediate post-flood, 32 finfish species (84.38% native and 15.6% exotic) belonging to 10 orders, 21 families and 27 genera were recorded from the river. Post-flood, fishermen experienced a decrease in fish diversity and catch from the river. The common indigenous fishes like Heteropneustes fossilis, Labeo dussumieri and Wallago attu which were abundant earlier, became rare after the flood. Piaractus brachypomus, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, and O. mossambicus were the exotics recorded.

Keywords: Fisheries, Impact assessment, Kerala flood, Pampa river.

(125) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 26

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TREMATODE INFECTION IN TWO SPECIES OF FRESHWATER FISHES, CHAPRA, BIHAR, INDIA

Aishwariya Kumari1, Dr. Dipti Sahay2, and Dr. Rakesh Prasad3

P.G. Department of Zoology, Jai Prakash University, Chapra (Bihar) 841301 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Freshwater fishes such as Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus are commonly found in India. A total of 524 freshwater fishes of both species were dissected for trematode infection. Prevalence rate (%) in Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis was 27 % and 10.83 % respectively. Channa punctatus was heavily infected than the Heteropneustes fossilis. Female fishes of both species were found to be more infected than their male partners. Medium length group of both fish species had the highest prevalence rate than other length groups.

Keywords: Freshwater fishes, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Trematode, Prevalence, Infection

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 27

BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY: A TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVE IN AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

Arti Sharma

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu

Aquaculture has always been an important and cheap source of quality protein for man’s rising food consumption. This is a fast-growing industry with an average growth rate of about 12% during the past few decades. This rapid growth of aquaculture aims at continued

(126) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences expansion to meet future protein demand and thus has to depend upon increasing productivity without overburdening our land and water resources, apply sustainable technologies that would minimize environmental effects and develop cost-effective production systems which support economic and social sustainability. This increased pressure on the pond ecosystem and increased demand for environmental protection has driven aquaculture from extensive cultivation towards closed water-intensive cultivation. An intrinsic feature of intensive systems is the rapid accumulation of feed residue, organic matter, and toxic inorganic nitrogen species. As a result, the intensive aquaculture industry faces problems like water quality deterioration and increased cost burden of artificial feed. In order to make aquaculture completely successful, the industry needs to develop technology that will increase economic and environmental sustainability and reduce feed cost and enhance production. Biofloc technology (BFT) is a novel technology that is basically the retention of waste and its conversion to bioflocs and use as a natural food within the culture system. Bioflocs are a heterogeneous mixture of heterotrophic bacteria, protozoa and zooplankton, algae, colloids and organic polymers suspended in the water column.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Biofloc, Intensive Culture.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 28

GIS BASED INVENTORIZATION OF FISH SPECIES AVAILABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN RIVER GANGA

Basanta Kumar Das*, Manisha Bhor, Trupti Rani Mohanty, Ranjan Kumar Manna, Archisman Ray, Supriti Bayen, Nitish Kumar Tiwari, Subhadeep Das Gupta, Raju Baitha, Himanshu Sekhar Swain, Canciyal Jhonson, and R. S. Srivastava

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120. *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

River Ganga, the largest river of India is facing tremendous anthropogenic perturbations impacting its biotic communities especially fish fauna. Many indigenous fish species that were reported from the river are now becoming rare with the establishment of exotic species

(127) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations resulting in overall changes in fish assemblage pattern. Investigations conducted at selected 20 stations in the entire stretch of the river during 2017-19 recorded a total number of 184 fish species. GIS-based maps have been created of all the recorded fish species using data related to their presence/absence and Relative Abundance (RA). The novel GIS-based description of fish species distribution will become a seminal reference for the future.

Keywords: River Ganga, fish species, GIS, relative abundance

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 29

CHECKLIST OF THE FRESHWATER AND BRACKISH WATER FISHES OF RIVER GANGA, INDIA

Archisman Ray, Raju Baitha, Ranjan Kumar Manna, R. S. Srivastava, Sushil Kumar Verma, Hari Om Verma, Canciyal Johnson, and Basanta Kumar Das*

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata- 700 120 Corresponding author Email*: [email protected]

Indian freshwater fish diversity is rich in status harboring a total of 1027 species, comprising of natives and exotics. River Ganga the largest river of the country supports commercial and artisanal fisheries from centuries. A comprehensive record of the fish species diversity from past earlier records indicated 207 fish species in the 1970’s and 266 in the 1990’s. Present investigations on fish fauna carried out during 2017-19 highlighted a total of 184 fish species (127 freshwater and 57 brackishwater) from upper Ganga to Hooghly estuary. Considering the varied studies conducted earlier, the present study gives a very systematic record of the species available and is not comparable with earlier records indicating a distinct loss in diversity.

Keywords: Ganga, Fish Fauna, Freshwater, Brackishwater.

(128) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 30

LIPASE ACTIVITY PROFILE IN FRESHWATER FISH LABEO ROHITA FED ON FORMULATED FEED

Bhilave Madhav Pralhad

Division of Fisheries Science, Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected]

Fish food normally contains nutrients, trace elements and vitamins necessary to keep captive fish in good health. Approximately 80% of fish farmers feed their fish exclusively on prepared foods that most commonly are produced in flake and pellets. The important features of fish cultures are that the fish should have good food, feeding, and fertilization which makes the pond culture successful. The pond must provide all the food and nutrients that the fish need. Lipase is an enzyme that catalyses the formation or cleavage (hydrolysis) of fats (lipids). Lipases are a subclass of the esterases. It performs essential roles in the digestion, transport, and processing of dietary lipids in most, living organisms. It is a water-soluble enzyme used in breaking down lipids, commonly called fats. Lipase has a significant number of uses physiologically. It plays a very important role in the way living organisms function. Lipase breaks down lipids, by hydrolysis into fatty acids and glycerol, converting the insoluble fats into a soluble form, so that they can be properly digested and assimilated. In the present study fingerlings of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita were fed on formulated fish feed to evaluate the lipase profile for a stipulated time interval.

Keywords: Lipase, Labeo rohita, Formulated feed

(129) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 31

IMPACT OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF LABEO ROHITA AND AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF CURCUMIN AGAINST ARSENIC TOXICITY

Sumana Choudhury1,2, Tandrima Mitra1, Satabdi Ganguly1, Arabinda Mahanty1, Santhana Kumar V1., Sushma2, Bimal Prasanna Mohanty1*

1Biochemistry Laboratory, Fisheries Resource, and Environment Management Division, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, West Bengal, India. 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Arsenic induced changes and the ameliorative potential of curcumin on the expression profile of immune genes TLR3, TLR4, IL-10, and IL-1β in the major carp L. rohita (head kidney) was evaluated. After 15 days of arsenic exposure at 5 ppm and 15 ppm doses, it was found that the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 was upregulated at 15 ppm as concentration and there was downregulation in the expression of IL-10 and IL-1β. Curcumin supplementation in the diet, alleviated arsenic-induced downregulation of IL-10 and IL-1β and brought down the overexpression of TLR-3 and TLR-4 indicating its therapeutic effect against arsenic toxicity.

Keywords: Arsenic, Labeo rohita, Curcumin, TLR, Cytokine, Immune response

(130) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 32

FISH CELL BIOBANK FOR PROMOTION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

M. Goswami

Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61 Email: [email protected]

Cell cultures have been used as important tools for carrying out researches in different areas of life science. Cell cultures have also used for the development of different products e.g. the use of cell culture for the development of injectable polio vaccine by Jonas Salk. Fish cell line offers many advantages over mammalian cell line and it becomes the novel tool for conducting in vitro biological research. The numbers of fish cell lines have been increasing tremendously in recent years which raises the need for maintaining the cell lines in the biobank. Biobanking has emerged as an essential and revolutionary approach which provides an important resource to support biomedical and biological research. Well-characterized and authenticated cell lines are utmost essential as the cell lines represent a cellular function as it is in in vivo state in an organism. The Food and Drug Administration, USA (1993) has described the points to be considered while characterizing a cell line used to produce biological products. Such standard protocol should be practiced for characterization and maintenance of fish cell lines in the cell line repositories. This would help researchers to get access to fully characterized and quality-controlled cell lines from the repository without spending time to develop as per their requirement and at a minimal cost. Efforts have made to establish a national fish cell line repository in India where the author has contributed significantly. The concept and status of fish cell biobank along with the significance of the cell biobank in promoting science and technology have been illustrated in the paper.

Keywords: Fishery, Cell culture, Fish cell line, Science and technology

(131) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 33

IN DIGITAL INLAND FISHERIES NATURAL BREEDING OF FISH SPECIES MAY BE MEANINGFUL WITH SURROUNDING CERTAIN CROPPING SYSTEM

Debabrata Das

ARS, ICAR-CIFRI, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, India Email: [email protected]

May In tropic, experience found that certain cropping system viz. Alternantherera sessilis, Ipomoea sp. especially within aquatic or terrestrially surrounded viz. Sesbania grandiflora, Cajanus cajan may help sustenance in natural breeding of species of inland fishes, by maintaining suitable osmotic pressures of fisheries waters, according to the species. This may even hold good in marine fisheries as well since marine-fishes migrate to coastal regions in search of lower osmotic pressure or wait till monsoon to come and to breed naturally. Under inland conditions, this is all known that academically induce breeding for all individual fish species may tedious. The reason is the existence of a huge fish population, naturally. For each fish species to breed naturally a very specific osmotic-pressure is needed which can be detected using either osmometer or simply Digital TDS meter. Total dissolved solids (TDS) changes and act as bio0chemisty through digitally in many fishes while to breed. Under culture systems, many fish species may not be able to breed or may not bear eggs or sperms owing to the existence of high total dissolved solids (TDS), unless they are induced to breed. On a statistical, this is found that every fish species may like to follow a certain range of osmotic pressures that is prevailing in ecological waters. For example, Anabas testudineus (Ham.) can breed naturally in ecological conditions having an osmotic pressure range mere 50 to 190 ppm of TDS. Thus, every fish species have a specific range of osmotic tolerances to breed naturally. Freshwater supply, algal population, oxygenation, certain cropping systems surrounding the water bodies may help to sustain osmotic pressure that helps fishes to breed naturally. Other than reproductive growth, physiologically all fishes need to migrate to the water having optimum osmotic pressure for breeding. Hence, the breeding requirements of

(132) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences fishes can be ascertained by the digitally measurable parameters such as osmotic pressure of water-bodies.

Keywords: Sustainable Inland Fisheries, Natural fish-breeding, Digital biochemistry, Computer and electronics in inland fisheries.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 34

LEASING REGIME IN RESERVOIR FISHERIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA

Ganesh Chandra, B. K. Das, and Anjana Ekka

Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120 India Email: [email protected]

Reservoir is defined as human-made impoundment created on account of the damming across a river or a stream or such surface runoffs, with a large body of standing water area of 10 or more hectares. They are generally created with irrigation, power generation, flood control or water supply as primary objectives. Reservoirs are common property resources, and water is used for both consumptive and non-consumptive use. Fishing is a secondary activity in reservoirs and it varies from capture-based fisheries in large reservoirs to culture- based fisheries in small and medium reservoirs. Various factors like the size of the reservoir, traditional and customary rights, physiographic dimensions, accessibility, and river connection, etc. are the determining variables for the nature of property rights and lease value fixation. An attempt has been made to comparatively analyze the leasing regime in various reservoirs of different states based on the experience and understanding developed in the context of fisheries management. The main focus of the study is to address the following relevant research questions i) how the formation of the ownership and control rights in fisheries of reservoirs of different states? ii) basis of leasing rate fixation of different categories of reservoirs iii) Governance model in different states and iv) favourable to whom? Fisherman cooperative society or individual fishers. This study covered the different reservoirs of Madhya Pradesh,

(133) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Gujarat. Two models of reservoir fisheries governance in India in operation, welfare-based model and revenue-based model. In this article, a comparison has been made on the basis of the lease rate fixation policy. The state reservoir leasing policy in India based on the available water area of the reservoir or on the basis of the value of annual fish production. This comparative analysis will also give information on the convergence and divergence in the leasing regime of different states.

Keywords: Fisheries, Common property resources, Reservoirs, lease, Management regime, Cooperatives, Withdrawal.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 35

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCED PLANKTON BIODIVERSITY AND FISH ABUNDANCE: A CASE STUDY OF SONG RIVER, IN DOON VALLEY (DEHRADUN) OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

J. V. S. Rauthan, Neelam Nautiyal, and Shepali Chalotra

Department of Zoology, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun E-mail: [email protected]

In the present study, an attempt has been made on Physico-chemical characteristics and plankton diversity in Song river, Doon Valley, Uttarakhand. The study was conducted during September 2016 to August 2018 to assess the species diversity and impact of pollution on physico-chemical conditions in Song river. In present study water samples were collected on monthly basis from five important sampling sites, Maldevta (S1), Gularghati (S2), Lacchiwala (S3), Nepali Farm (S4) and Raiwala (S5). The samples were analysed for different physico-chemical attributes and various biological parameters including phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish diversity. In Total phytoplankton includes 23 taxa belong to three families chlorophyceae, bacillariophyceae and myxophyceae were recorded, out of which highest diversity was found in case of Bacillariophyceae. Similarly 21 taxa of zooplankton belongs to 4 different genera including protozoa, rotifera, copepad and ostracoda were

(134) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences observed with highest diversity in case of protozoa. The results also revealed that fish fauna was recorded with 25 different taxa belonging to 6 families were favourable for the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. The results revealed that transparency, total solids, total dissolved solids and turbidity was maximum during rainy season. The pH, conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) were higher during summer seasons. The occurrence of phytoplankton population and fish diversity indicted a good water quality of Song river with positive effect of physico-chemical factors on the growth of these ecological indicators of aquatic ecosystem.

Keywords: Physicco-chemical parameters, Song river, Biodiversity, Plankton.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 36 THREATS TO AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY

Amita Saxena

Deptt Fisheries Resource Management Gb Pant University Ag. & Tech. Pantnagar -263145 Email: [email protected]

For most of modern history, human actions have proceeded without people giving much thought to the sustainability of ecosystems. These actions often include things that drastically alter the conditions in an ecosystem, such as draining wetlands, cutting down trees, and damming rivers. Sometimes, these actions threaten biodiversity within a community or ecosystem and on Earth as a whole. If human actions lead to the destruction of entire ecosystems, such as wetlands or rainforests, biodiversity on Earth could decrease. As scientists learn more about the effects of human actions on ecosystems, we are paying more attention to decreasing human impact on ecosystems and restoring ecosystems that have already been altered. Agriculture damages biodiversity in a number of ways. Effects include habitat alteration (conversion to farmland for crops and grazing), exotic pest introductions and pollution from pesticides and fertilizers. It brings about habitat loss, depletes fresh water resources, in a climate change, and pollutes ecosystems.

KeyWords: Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Human actions, Habitat alteration, Threats.

(135) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 37 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER RESERVOIR MAJALGAON DAM IN MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA

Sitaram B. Ingole

Department of Zoology, Shri Siddheshwar College Majalgaon, Dist. Beed. M. S. India (Affiliated Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.M.S. India.) Email: [email protected]

Majalgaon Dam was constructed on the River Sindphana which is tributary of River Godavari, in Beed District (Maharashtra, India) in 1987. Which falls 16° 16 N latitude and longitude 73° 26 E. The River Sindphana has been under constant threat of pollution by sewage and industrial wastes, disposal of dead bodies, deforestation, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, bathing and water development programs. The dam has a catchment area is 3840 sq. km. It is of great Importance for the region because its water is used for human and cattle consumption, It is multipurpose type like irrigation and power production (Hydro Electric Project). As a representative of these ‘Majalgaon Dam’ was selected for the limnology studies. As a representative of these ‘Majalgaon Dam’ was selected for the limnology studies. The present study is aimed to investigate some of the important physical and chemical parameters along with the flora and fauna of the reservoir. A total of 33 species of phytoplanktons, 29 species of zooplanktons and . The reservoir is very productive. There are several types of fresh water fishes present in the dam. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigal, Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio, Silver carp, Wallagoattu, Mystancenbelus armatus, Notopterus chital, Barbusticto, Channastaitus, Mystus seenghala, Mystus cavassius, Eutroplus suratensis, Belone concila, Chela, Tilapia mosambica, Rohteealfrediana, Gobius giuris etc.17 species of fishes were identified during June 2014-May 2015.Hence the present work is an attempt to accumulate information

(136) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences pertaining to various aspect of hydrobiology of standing water bodies from this part of peninsular India

Keywords: Water quality, Fish production. Pollution.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 38

A FRAMEWORK FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF CAGES IN RESERVOIRS

Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Pratik Pathak, and B. K. Das

Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120 India Email: [email protected]

India is affluent with the numbers of rain-fed rivers. To conserve the rainwater numerous reservoirs have been built on these rivers for irrigation, power generation water supply, and flood control. These reservoirs are the very big habitat of fishes which are the source of animal protein. Fishing is a secondary activity in the reservoir and it varies between culture- based fisheries to capture-based fisheries depending on the size of the reservoir. In culture base, fisheries reservoirs are stocked with fish seeds and fingerlings and after maturing the fishes, they were captured. It practiced mostly in small reservoirs. In larger reservoirs, for harnessing the potential by the scientific method, enclosure culture has been developed. After the introduction of the enclosure culture in the reservoirs, many states introduced cages in their reservoir. After standardization of Enclosure culture by ICAR- CIFRI it is proliferating in Indian reservoirs very nicely. Most of the reservoirs are in remote areas where monitoring of the water quality and other information like feed, feed frequency, catch and mortality. for monitoring these parameters and updating the information a system is very much needed which able to provide the information to remotely located managers. This paper attempt to discuss the framework for the cage monitoring system which enables the manger the parameter from a remote location. One micro-controller, few sensors for water level, ph, temperature, turbidity and one camera along with wifi controller and which enables the manager for monitoring the various parameter and cage security.

Keywords: Reservoirs, Lease, Management Regime, Cooperatives, Withdrawal

(137) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Fish, Fisheries and Limnology - 39

ZOOPLANKTON DYNAMICS OF RIVER GANGA SYSTEM IN HIMALAYAN REGION, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Gagan Matta*

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India *Corresponding Email: [email protected]

The rapid increase in population growth rate has significant stress on natural water resources. Zooplankton shows profound sensitivity to changes in characteristics of any water body. Here, the literature on zooplankton communities in Ganga River system water is reviewed in order to provide a baseline for future zooplankton surveys, and to better understand the aquatic ecosystems of this area. The main groups of zooplankton were Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera Copepod and Ostracods were reported in many of the studies. Protozoa dominant the group of zooplankton in Ganga River water. They play a vital role in water quality assessment by working as a bio-indicator. Zooplankton are great markers of progress in nutrient contamination after some time since they react rapidly to changes in supplement contribution to the waterbody. Some of the studies found that the Zooplankton are more responsive to physicochemical climate changes than Phytoplankton in the river. As a result, change in their community composition, abundance, and species diversity can provide important information of any change in aquatic ecosystem. This review paper is an effort to find out the list of zooplankton in Ganga River system.

Keywords: River Ganga, Zooplankton, Diversity, Species richness, Himalayan region.

(138) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 40

STUDY ON MIGRATION OF CHOCOLATE MAHSEER NEOLISSOCHILUS HEXAGONOLEPIS, IN RIVER TEESTA, INDIA

B. K. Das*, A. K. Sahoo, D. K. Meena, H. S. Swain and N. Chanu

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, India *Corresponding author E. mail: [email protected]

A study was carried out to record the pattern of fish migration through the tagging experiment at Teesta Low Dam III Power Stations, in river Teesta. A detailed tagging experiment was carried for 38 nos. of fishes of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, Chocolate mahseer with an average length of 304 mm and weight 340g at different sites starting from upstream and downstream of the reservoir. Within a month of the tagging experiment, 3 tagged fishes were recovered. One fish released at the reservoir site had moved upstream 6km away from the release site. Whereas, two fishes were recovered from the downstream viz. 15 km from the released site. This indicates that these tagged migratory fishes have an affinity to migrate between downstream and upstream/reservoir of the dam. The overall recovery of tagged fishes was estimated to be 7.8% against a minimum acceptable range of approx. 12-15%. This could be due to the less fishing effort and the natural habitat of the river.

Keywords: Fish migration, Tagging, River Teesta

(139) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 41

ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE

M. Bhaskar, Ch. Vivek S. Payani, C. Chandra Prakash and B. Sujatha

Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept. of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India Department of Zoology, Dravidian University, Kuppam. A.P., India. E-mail: [email protected]

Cultivation output would force to be inflated many fold so on fulfill up the rising demands for fish in returning years. Biotechnology will afford the means that to extend the strength and capability of the operation. Plentiful of the raised house technologies likewise as polymer vaccines, proteomics, transgenic technology and polymer chips resolve exist justify. Fish cell culturing accompaniment recombinant DNA technology among the applying of biotechnology. Cell cultures is planned from the 3 main groups of cellular organisms in aquaculture; fish, shellfish, and seaweeds. Finally, they’re going to be an immediate provide of varied chemistry product for manufacture use of in cultivation, medication and then the food trade.

Whereas these solutions are typically higher for the oceans, they jointly believe heavily on farming land, Associate in Nursing honest deal among the tactic totally different animal feed can. Correspondingly, they settle for the utilize of pesticides and artificial gas chemical, that contribute to “dead zones” among the ocean. Integrated multitrophic cultivation (IMTC) technique, farming combines species that necessitate feed (such as salmon) with totally different species (seaweeds) that extract dissolved inorganic nutrients and choice to facilitate extract organic particulate material, to provide a objective system management approach. Amongst the foremost very important fish species unit carp (Cyprinus sp.), salmon (Salmo sp., Oncorhynchus sp.), Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and Ictalurus punctatus (Ictalurus punctatus) whereas zebrafish (Danio rerio), Carassius auratus (Carassius auratus) and

(140) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences medaka (Oryzias latipes) unit used in elementary analysis. Transgenic fish illustrate higher gross food conversion, the increase in fish mass per unit of food fed than their original relatives. It’ll be used for analyzing the impacts of the event of cultivation on land use and emulate policies to emphasize cultivation property. Advanced molecular ways like nested PCR and SYBR Green-based time period PCR are establish to be sensitive and economical for the quantitation. Natural and cheap ways like microscopic analysis and histopathological analysis observe the progression of the study and facilitate to cultivation and rural development.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Aquculture, PCR, SYBR.

(141) (142) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS

FISH, FISHERIES, AND LIMONOLOGY

(143) (144) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 01

SEASONALITY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF LABEO ROHITA INFESTED BY NEMATODE PARASITE RHABDOCHONA SP.

Palaq1*, Seema Langer 1 and Fayaz Ahmad2

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu1*, 1/ University of Kashmir2 Corresponding email: [email protected]

The purpose of the study is to investigate the seasonality and pathological effects of nematode parasite infesting the intestines of Labeo rohita from the Jammu region. The parasite occurred in Labeo rohita throughout the year, but there were distinct seasonal fluctuations in prevalence and mean intensity values. The highest prevalence percentage was witnessed in summer (63.80%) and minimum values were recorded in winter (25.33%). Significant variations (p<0.01) in the prevalence values were recorded in different seasons which is due to the fact that parasites show seasonal alterations in association with environmental changes. The present study shows a pronounced maturation cycle of Rhabdochona sp. in Labeo rohita. For histopathological studies, the requisite samples were fixed overnight in Bouin’s fixative, washed in 70% alcohol, dehydrated, dealcoholized, infiltrated and embedded in Paraffin wax. Microtome sections were cut at 7-125Øßm. Slides were processed using Mallory’s triple stain. Major pathological changes include hyperplasia, degeneration of villi with the erosion of tips, abrupt widening of the villi, uneven thickness of intestinal layers and curling of villi. The pathology definitely hampers with the growth of the fish and steps need to be taken to control fish parasitism to increase fish production in water bodies of the Jammu region.

Keywords: Labeo rohita, Rhabdochona sp., Histopathology, Hyperplasia.

(145) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 02

A REDESCRIPTION OF DIGENETIC TREMATODE SPECIES OF GENUS MASENIA CHATTERJI, 1933 FROM A FRESHWATER FISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH) FROM LUCKNOW, INDIA

Pooja Vishwakarma, Ramakant Maurya*, and A. M. Saxena

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow -226007 (Uttar Pradesh) *Department of Zoology, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow-226013 Uttar Pradesh (India) Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Species of Masenia inhabit the intestine of marine and freshwater bony fishes. Masenia can be distinguished from the other cephalogonimids by the possession of two rows of enlarged circumoral spines and vitelline follicles located mainly in the hind body (Jones & Bray, 2008). Heteropneustus fossilis species commonly known as Stinging Catfish belonging to the family Heteropneustidae (Saccobranchidae; Airsac Catfish) is valued food fish in India. A total of 56 fishes were collected from the Dubagga fish market, Lucknow in the month of February and sacrificed for checking the infestation of trematode parasites. Out of 56 fishes, 40 were found to be infested with the different genus of trematode parasites. The present investigation is based on Masenia Sp. utilizing H. fossilis as host.

Keywords: Digenetic Trematode, Heteropneustes fossilis

(146) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 03

PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF KARAPUZHA RESERVOIR IN KERALA, INDIA

Preetha Panikkar, M. Feroz Khan, Ramya V. L., Jesna P. K. and B. K. Das*

Research Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Hessarghatta, Bangalore *ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata Email: [email protected]

Plankton form an important component of the ecosystem as they act as an indicator for fish diversity, pollution, and environmental disturbances. They form an important food resource for fishes and play a vital role in the trophic structure of the ecosystem energy transfer. An investigation on the annual distribution and diversity of plankton was done at Karapuzha reservoir in Wayanad District of Kerala. Thirty-six genera of phytoplankton belonging to 4 classes were identified; Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Myxophyceae. Eleven genera of zooplankton belonging to four classes; Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda were recorded. Pre-monsoon had high plankton abundance followed by post-monsoon. Diversity indices study showed the highest values during monsoon. Simpson index (0.86 to 0.96) showed uneven distribution among different months. The seasonal changes had a profound influence on the plankton distribution. Water quality parameters were found to have a significant correlation with plankton abundance.

Keywords: Plankton abundance, Diversity indices, Reservoir ecosystem

(147) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 04

ZOOPLANKTONIC DIVERSITY OF SOME LENTIC WATER SYSTEMS OF J&K, INDIA

Sarbjeet Kour and Rajan Verma*

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) Email: [email protected]

The distribution, seasonality, and diversity of planktonic invertebrates vary with geographical areas and the contour of the water body they inhabit. Presently a preliminary attempt has been made to study the plankton diversity of three lentic unexplored water bodies of Billawar Tehsil, Jammu province. A total of 45 zooplankton were identified as belonging to freshwater groups Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, and Cladocera. From Pond 1, a total of 31 zooplankton were enlisted among which 11 were protozoans, 14 rotifers, 1 copepod, and 5 cladocerans. From Pond 2, 25 zooplankton were enlisted among which 6 were protozoans, 13 rotifers, 1 copepod, and 6 cladocerans. From Pond 3 a total of 24 zooplankton were enlisted among which 5 were protozoans,12 rotifers, 2 copepods, and 5 cladocerans. In Pond 1, the hierarchy of contribution to biodiversity so observed was Rotifers> Protozoans> Cladocerans > Copepods. In Pond 2, the hierarchy of contribution to biodiversity was Rotifers> Cladocerans = Protozoans and Copepods were absent. In Pond 3, the hierarchy was Rotifers > Cladocerans + Protozoans > Copepods. Differential qualitative and quantitative representation of zooplanktons was noted from the comparative enlisting. Selective presence of certain species has been worked out and various biotic and abiotic parameters present there appear to be contributing to such differences.

Keywords: Diversity, Seasonality, Lentic, Zooplankton.

(148) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 05

STUDIES ON SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PHYSICO- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN A FRESHWATER LAKE OF WARANGAL DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE, INDIA

Rajani. V and G. Benarjee*

Fisheries Research Laboratory, Department of ZoologyKakatiya University, Warangal-506 009.Telangana State, India Email: [email protected]*

In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the physic-chemical parameters of Kamalapur Lake. The study was carried out for a period of one year from June -2015 to May-2016. Water samples have been collected and analyzed using standard laboratory methods. The results of the analysis of water samples have shown that there is a variation in these parameters at the different sampling stations and some of these parameters vary during different seasons too. Temperature (26.7-31.5p C), PH (7.35-8.05), TUR (6.8-7.9NTU), TDS (165-208mg/l), TA (140.7-162.6mg/l), TH (98.9-119.8mg/l), DO (6.01-6.64mg/l), BOD (3.4-4.8mg/l), COD (5.5-8.5mg/l), Chlorides (88.8-110.7mg/l), Sulphates (2.4-

3.8mg/l), Phosphates (2.5-3.5mg/l), Nitrate (3.7-5.5mg/l) and CO2 (1.55-8.15mg/l) were analyzed. The lake water is used for fish culture and agriculture practices too.

Keywords: Kamalapur Fresh water lake, Physico – chemical parameters, Seasonal variation.

(149) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 06

POTENTIAL OF CAGE CULTURE OF PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS (SAUVAGE, 1878) IN PONG DAM, HIMACHAL PRADESH FOR NUTRITIONAL AND LIVELIHOOD SECURITY

Tasso Tayung*, Archan K. Das, Mitesh H. Ramteke, Uttam K. Sarkar, Basanta K. Das

India has vast fisheries resources in the form of reservoirs, which offers enormous scope of enhancing the productivity through enclosure culture. The present study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in cages installed in Pong Dam. Fish fingerling (2.54 ± 0.92g) was stocked @75 m3 in 24 HDPE modular cages. Fish were fed with commercial floating feed @ 5% of their body weight. Fish attained an average weight of 666±160g within 180 days of culture period. Total fish production was 42.66t (avg. 1.77t/ cage). The study indicated that, there is a potential of cage culture of P. hypophthalmus in Pong Dam.

Keywords: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, cage culture, Pong Dam, Himachal Pradesh.

(150) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 07

BIOASSESSMENT OF HYDROPOWER IMPACTED ALAKNANDA RIVER: APPLICABILITY OF DIATOM BASED INDICES AND ECOLOGICAL VALUES

Tanuja Bartwal, Neetika Sharma and Prakash Nautiyal

Dept. of Zoology & Biotechnology, Aquatic Biodiversity Unit HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand Email: [email protected]

Diatom indices based bio-assessment was carried out for the Alaknanda River impacted by multiple hydroelectric projects (HEP). Diatoms were collected from 8 locations at monthly intervals to generate species count for computing indices and van Dam values (OMNIDIA version 6.08). The indices show that the pollution aggravates in HEP areas. Pollution was low in Vishnuprayag HEP and high in Srinagar HEP (S5) as also evidenced by van Dam values. Water quality improves in the dam-free section (S4). The indices (IBD, IPS, IDS/ E and TDI) and van Dam ecological values were suitable for assessing impacts of hydropower on water quality of the Himalayan Rivers.

Keywords: HEP, Alaknanda, Diatom indices, Van Dam, Organic pollution.

(151) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 08

POTENTIALITY OF HIGH VALUED RIVERINE FINFISHES ESPECIALLY BAGRIDS IN LUDHIANA FISH MARKET, PUNJAB, INDIA

Syed Shabih Hassan

Department of Fisheries Resource management, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Distt.- Ludhiana (Punjab) Email ID: [email protected]

Ludhiana is known for river Satluj where fishers depend on the lotic water bodies to catch variety of finfishes for sustenance. The commercially important bagrids such as Long Whiskered Catfish, Giant River Catfish and Rita known as ‘Singhara’, ‘Singharee’ and ‘Khagga’ respectively in local parlance. Bagrid species are carnivorous in nature and has to be bred in isolation in natural condition. High valued bagrid species has no intermuscular bone which is liked by Punjabis and used for household consumption, festivals, marriages and party’s which was recorded to be high during winter followed by monsoon. During market survey of riverine originated fish, the percentage catch composition of bagrid species viz; Aorichthys aor (Ham.), A. seenghala (Sykes), Mystus cavasius (Ham.), M. bleekeri (Day), M. tengara (Ham.), M. vittatus (Bloch), and Rita rita (Ham.) was observed to be 6%, 5.5%, 2%, 1.0%, 0.6%, 0.2%, and 4.7% respectively. The price of commercially important fishes per kilogram in the market is considered to be a barrier to increased sales. The challenge is to help consumers recognize the fish meat value of economically important bagrids represented by Aorichthys, Mystus and Rita species. The retail price of fish meat of different fish species has risen in recent years as more fishing restrictions, dwindling water resources and higher demand. Retailers tend to find that Aoriichthys and Rita species undressed fish priced above Rs 500/- and 400/- per kilogram respectively. The price of fillets and steaks of these species was monitored between Rs 600/- and 750/- per kilogram which are accessible by consumer. The price of other bagrid species was fluctuated between Rs 150/- and 280/- per kilogram. The price resistance, particularly for meat of high valued

(152) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences riverine fishes has become a marketing challenge due to processing, preservation, packing and quality management consideration. By encompassing this fish markets, a large number of people are able to meet their daily fish meat requirements and livelihood as well as maintain their family. The economic potentiality of bagrid species was monitored in local fish market and an assessment was made on its quality, marketing process and daily marketing transaction in Ludhiana. The marketing process was characterized through the protocol ‘Private Distribution System’. The selling price of economically important bagrids and their fillets/ steaks portion was found to vary significantly throughout the year as per size, species and its quality. Here availability of these fishes was recognized as the main reason about price variation. So, sustainable fisheries of economically important riverine species and functional fish processing unit are needed to overcome the fluctuation in availability and price and to make a flexible steady marketing process.

Keywords: Bagrids, commercially important, market potentiality, Ludhiana, Punjab.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 09

EVALUATION OF FISH HARVESTING TECHNIQUES IN RIVER SUTLEJ IN LUDHIANA AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

Syed Shabih Hassan

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004 (Punjab) Email ID: [email protected]

The river Sutlej has been a major source of water for Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan state including capture fisheries in India. The river sustains a diverse flora and fauna and a perfect expanse for breeding, feeding and nursery grounds of many fish species which provides sustenance to local fisher and riparian population. Traditional fish harvesting practice in river Sutlej is a source of livelihood for riparian and migrant fisher. The commercial as well as subsistence fishing practice by fisher is occurring in the river and its adjoining

(153) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations water bodies. The investigation showed that a wide variety of fishing gears and crafts were operated for commercial fishing by five different techniques i.e. netting, angling, trapping, scooping and spearing and 2 types of indigenous craft. Fish catch composition from different gears was monitored at six landing sites of river Sutlej during many field visits. Indigenous, non-mechanized boats are used for operating the larger nets in high as well as low water currents and more than 19 types of fishing gears/nets are used by fishermen in river Sutlej. Various gillnet, long lines, and plunge basket traps or individual fish traps are used during high water. Such gears generally get a small catch per unit effort but it is used for a long period. Plunge basket trap or filtering gears are used on the migration routes near temporary water bodies of river. Long fences containing several small cages are used to catch the fish into one central chamber. Drag nets, seine nets, large mesh gill nets, lift net, scoop net are used during dry season. Large mesh gillnet is used in midstretch of the river in order to catch big size fish during dry season. Large size carps and catfishes of commercial value are caught by drag net, and gill net. It was observed that chattjal catch lots of juveniles and fish irrespective of their size or species due to their smaller mesh sizes, which poses threat to biodiversity and sustainable fisheries. Sustainable exploitation is not only about restriction on fishing for economic purposes, but also has a great concern to save fish diversity. The application of gears varies with current, depth of water, size/nature of fish to be captured, and availability of raw materials. Many of the fishing gears are employed for a short time when water level is suitable for their use. Generally fishermen use static, filtering, plunge basket trapping and long lining when flood water rises or recedes. The present study highlighted fish harvesting techniques in the river Sutlej is a source of livelihood and need to exploit resources in sustainable manner for protecting diverse ichthyofaunal.

Keywords: Evaluation, Fish harvesting, River Sutlej, Ludhiana, Punjab, Sustainable fisheries.

(154) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 10

DIVERSITY OF FINFISHES IN THE RIVER SUTLEJ IN AND AROUND LUDHIANA REGION (PUNJAB), INDIA

Syed Shabih Hassan

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004 (Punjab) Email ID: [email protected]

River Sutlej enters the plain of Punjab at District Ropar and flows up to Fazilka via industrial city of Ludhiana and meeting point of river Beas at Harike Pattan covering an area of 280.02 km in Punjab. Sutlej River harbours variety of finfish species including other fauna and flora. It has become a great nutritive value and indicator of ecological condition of river ecosystem which provides sustenance and meet protein requirement to local fishermen as well as other riparian population. The commercial and subsistence fishing activities are in practice by local and migrant fishermen using various types of nets, gears and tackles in and around Ludhiana region. Most of the fishermen used indigenously made sturdy plank built boat for the operation of variety of nets, gears and tackles. The local fishermen also exploit temporarily formed water bodies of the river Sutlej to catch existing fishes during non-flood season. Variety of finfish species were monitored from the bulk of fisher catch during many visits at landing sites in and around Ludhiana region. A total of 83 finfish species were identified from the bulk of catches belonging to 57 genera, 22 families and 7 orders. Most of the species was recorded to be bony skeleton which include 2 featherbacks, 2 shads, 4 Indian major carps, 3 exogenous carps, 5 barbs, 14 other carps and minnows, one each mahseer, Vagra baril, latia fish, air breathing catfish, stinging catfish, angler fish, half beak fish, gar fish, mottled nandus, goby, climbing perch, mullet, puffer fish, 3 garra fish, 3 loaches, 7 bagrid catfish, 2 eurasian catfish, 4 schilbid catfish, 9 sisorid catfish, 3 glass fishes, 3 gouramies, 3 murrels, and 3 spiny eels. The fish diversity identified from the river Sutlej revealed that water is still suitable for proliferation and survival of different types of fish species in and around Ludhiana region. There is a need to portray the finfish diversity of river Sutlej for emphasising the value to conserve biodiversity.

Keywords: Finfish fauna, diversity, River Sutlej, Ludhiana, Punjab.

(155) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 11

DOCUMENTATION OF ROTIFERS IN SOME LENTIC WATERS OF JAMMU REGION OF J&K, INDIA

Sushma Devi* and Sarbjeet kour

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu. 180006 Email: [email protected]

Rotifer diversity is considered as one of the remarkable aspect of the freshwater system as it is the one of important biotic component that maintains the homeostasis of the aquatic system. Rotifera is a group of primary freshwater invertebrates, rotating wheel animalcules, lack cell wall. Bilaterally symmetrical and possess pseudocoelom, a fluid filled body cavity between two different tissue layers. The most unique and salient feature is the presence of corona- usually in the form of two lobes surrounded by beating cilia, which gives them a vivid impression of rotating wheels. Possessing transparent body, showing complex movements in varied life types. Ecologically important as indicator and purifier agents (since they feed on suspended organic particles , free swimming rotifers are amongst the most fascinating creatures ever to encounter in aquatic environment. For an attempt to enlist these aquatic dwellers in some lentic water bodies in Jammu province of J&K state were surveyed. During present course enlistment was done from 5 lentic water bodies (Jakh pond, Datte da Tallab, Dilli pond, Talpad pond and Jonu pond). A total of 34 genera of rotifers were identified from which 7 genera of Rotifers were recorded from Datte da talab with 11 species, 11 genera of Rotifers were recorded from Dilli pond with 18 species, 7 genera of Rotifers were recorded from Jakh pond with 13 species, 12 genera of Rotifers were recorded from Jonu pond with 14 species, 10 genera of Rotifers were recorded from Talpad pond with 11 species . After analysing the data the pollution sensitive and the pollution indicator species were identified. Also among all the lentic water bodies studied Dilli pond was found to be under high anthropogenic stress. Correlation with the physico-chemical parameters was also analysed.

Keywords: Rotifers, Homeostasis, Anthropogenic stress, Pollution indicator, Pollution sensitive.

(156) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 12

FISH DIVERSITY OF NARMADA RIVER IN HOSHANGABAD REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

Sunil Kumar Kakodiya and Sudhir Mehra

Department of Zoology, Saifia Science P.G. College , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India) Email ID: [email protected]

The fish diversity of the Narmada River at Hoshangabad region was studied by seasonally sample taken from 2015 to 2017. Narmada River is the largest Westward flowing river of India. It is also referred as the life line of Madhya Pradesh. Present study was aimed to generate information on the fishes of Hoshangabad region of river Narmada. The present study has been conducted to assess the fish biodiversity in a stretch of Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh. We tried to document fish biodiversity composition, physical habitats characteristics as well as identification of Carps, Catfishes, Loaches, Mahaseer, Eels, Murrules species in the river. Study assess of this study are divided in two district (Hoshangabad and sehore) a total of 50 species belonging to 30 Genera and 13 Families and 6 orders were recorded.

Keywords: Fish diversity, Narmada River.

(157) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 13

GOVERNANCE FOR SIF IN LOWER GANGETIC PLAIN OF WEST BENGAL: ROAD TOWARDS LIVELIHOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY

Sukanya Som, B.K. Das, Aparna Roy, P.K. Parida and Kausik Mondal

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata- 700 120 Email: [email protected]

Despite their role in livelihood and nutritional security, governance of Small Indigenous Fishes (SIFs) is not well established in most of the wetlands. The present study aims for comparative analysis of the governance of SIF in four wetlands of lower Gangetic plain of West Bengal. Twenty-five respondents from each wetland have been interviewed making total sample size 100. Systematic benefit sharing mechanism could be noticed in two wetlands while for other two, SIFs were captured randomly without any record. No culture and conservation efforts were noticed in any wetland. The study also proposes a model for leveraging women folk for systematic and efficient SIF culture, conservation and management.

Keywords: Livelihood, Gangetic Plain, Fisheries, SIF.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 14

ROLE OF FISH IN MENTAL HEALTH

Sukanya Som and B.K. Das

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata- 700 120 Email: [email protected]

Role of fish as an alternative therapy for treating psychological disorders is yet to be established. The present paper attempts to bring out potential of fish consumption for combating mental health issues via extensive review of literatures. Depression is the second

(158) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences largest disability in world. Several lines of evidence reveal an important role for omega-3 fatty acids in mental health. Fish oil is rich in n-3 PUFAs, such as EPA and DHA which are responsible for normal functioning of Serotonin and Domanine; two major hormones related to depression. More awareness in this regard is required through research, development and social marketing.

Keywords: Fish, health, fatty acids.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 15

STUDY ON BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS IN FRESHWATER FISHES FROM PAITHAN, DIST. AURANGABAD (M.S). INDIA

Deshmukh. D. R.

Department of Zoology, Pratishthan Mahavidyalaya, Paithan. M.S., India. E-mail: [email protected]

In the present work comparative study of biochemical Contents in fresh water fishes like Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala,.Biochemical parameters such as Protein, Carbohydrates and Lipids of fishes are studied. The present work shows the protein and lipid contents of Indian major carps fish species showed successive decrease in their level from June to May Where as muscle glycogen content of fish species shows significant increase during June to May are observed. The present study help in significant of food value of fishes.

Keywords: Biochemical Contents, fishes

(159) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 16 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION AND SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF A DIGENEAN SP. (PLATYHELMINTHES) SHOWING ROLE OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)

Ratnesh Kr. Singh and A. M. Saxena

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.), 226007 Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

The surface topography of trematodes has been studied by a number of workers. Primary studies are done by Erasmus 1970; Silk et al 1970; Miller et al 1972; Nollen and Nadakavukaren 1974. SEM plays a very important role in taxonomy and morphological studies of helminths, because of its large depth of field and high resolving power. SEM studies of surface topography of a digenea exhibits oral and ventral suckers, tegumentary papillae, interlocking network of ridges, separate knobs, annular furrows, ridges and sensory papillae and spines. Many pores are seen scattered on the tegumental surface.

Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy, Digenea, Topography, Suckers, Spines, Tegument

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 17 STUDIES ON THE FRESHWATER GASTROPODS (PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA) OF AACHANKULAM LAKE, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Anbalagan. M and M. Lekeshmanaswamy

Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore -641 029 Corresponding author E.mail id: [email protected]

Phylum Mollusca is the second largest, next to the phylum Arthropoda. It comprises about 80,000 species of which three quarters are gastropods with 1650 genera. The freshwater

(160) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences molluscs constitute an important part of the ecosystem. Their participation in the way of life of other organisms has made significant partners in the ecological communities. The current study is first of its kind that deals with the Gastropod population at Aachankulam. The snails were collected during the time period of December 2017 to November 2018. Totally nine species of Gastropods were recorded. These include Pila virens, Bellamya bengalensis, Thiara tuberculata, Stenothyra minima, Indoplanorbis exustus, Gyraulus labiatus, Lymnaea acuminata, Achatina fulica, and Ariophanta laevipus.

Keywords: Mollusca, Snails, Aachankulam

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 18

ASSOCIATION OF MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES WITH AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN A SUB – TROPICAL STREAM OF J&K, JAMMU, INDIA

Meenu Sharma* and Arti Sharma

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu(180006), J&K, India Email: [email protected]

The present study is aimed at finding the abundance of association of macrobenthic invertebrates with aquatic macrophytes in a subtropical stream (Gho-manhasan) of Jammu district, J&K. Here a total of 5 species of aquatic macrophytes were recorded viz; Colocasia esculents, Eichhornia crassipes, Nausturtium officinales, Typha angustata, and Potamogeton pectinatus which were categorized into 3 categories – Emergent macrophytes (3 taxa), Rooted- floating leaved macrophyte ( 1 Taxon) and Submerged macrophyte (1 taxon). Linkages between aquatic macrophytes and biota exhibited a well-marked association between specific macrophyte and invertebrate fauna. The majority of invertebrate taxa showed a strong association with roots of macrophytes while very few were observed with leaves. The percental contribution of different phyla associated with each plant has been represented separately i.e. C.esculenta [Arthropoda (55.48%) > Annelida (26.58%) > Mollusca (10.96%) > Platyhelminthes (6.98%) ], E.crassipes [ Arthropoda (65.80% >

(161) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

Platyhelminthes (16.58%) > Mollusca (11.40%) > Anelida (6.22%) ], N. officinales [Arthropoda (37.73% ) > Mollusca (31.36%) > Annelida (20.45%) > Platyhelminthes (10.45%), T.angustata [Arthropoda (50.0%) > Mollusca (38.46%) > Platyhelminthes (11.54%) ]. Various diversity indices were also applied to analyze the structural community of invertebrates associated with aquatic macrophytes of stream which revealed higher values of Margalef’s richness index (d=5.95) as well as Shannon-Wiener index (H = 2.96) for Colocasia esculenta, higher values of Evenness index for Typha angustata (J=0.93) and higher values of Simpson’s index (D=0.16) for Nausturtium officinales.

Keywords: Abundance, Diversity indices, Invertebrates, Macrophytes, Percental contribution, Seasonal

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 19

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT BY AQUACULTURE IN BIHAR, INDIA

Ashok Kumar Singh

Dept. of Zoology, M.R.S.M. College, Anandpur, Darbhanga Email: [email protected]

Aquaculture has the uncommon opportunities for employment generation, contribution to the food and nutrition security, foreign exchange earnings, etc. It has to import fish from other states to fulfill the deficit demand of fishes. Enhancement of prawn culture in pond water may bring huge foreign exchange for the state. Aquaculture contributes to the livelihood of the poor through improved employment and income. Aquaculture creates job opportunities for rural communities, especially for illiterate women to earn side income for the household. With the increased financial ability, households manage to reflect stronger purchasing power and have better access to the resources.

Keywords: Aquaculture, pond water, Foreign exchange, Long term vision.

(162) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 20

AN OVERVIEW OF FISHING CRAFTS AND GEARS USED IN PAINGANGA RIVER KINWAT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA.

Kamble A.T.*

Department of Zoology, Baliram Patil College Kinwat- 431804 Dist.Nanded Maharashtra India *Email: [email protected]

An overview of fishing techniques in Painganga river Maharashtra (India) was carried out in the year 2018. The study of different types of crafts and gears were conducted in a Painganga river. The survey was designed to gather information on the types of gears, the process of operation, manpower needed for operation and species of the fish spot. The observations revealed that wild verity of fishing gears were operated throughout the year in the Painganga river for commercial fishing. As many as four different types of crafts and six different types of gears were encountered during the monsoon survey of the river. the crafts were thermacol raft, rubber tube platform, planks built boat, coracle. The gears were gillnet, cast net, dragnet, triangular net, scoop net, circular net.

Keywords: River Painganga, Fishing crafts, Fishing gears.

(163) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 21

FORMULATION OF AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA KAULF AS A LOW- COST SUPPLEMENTARY FEED FOR THE FRESHWATER FISH, CATLA CATLA (HAMILTON, 1822).

Anjana V. J. and M. Lekeshmanaswamy*

Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore -641 029 *Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

The pteridophytic aquatic fern Azolla microphylla Kaulf has a signiûcantly high food value with a good proportion of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This study was carried out to examine the effect of A. microphylla as a substitution of commercial ûsh feed for the freshwater fish, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822). The fingerlings of Catla catla were selected for the study period of 90 days. The dried and powdered Azolla was incorporated into the experimental diet in varied proportions at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40 % replacing the other ingredients in the experimental diet proportionately. The experimental diet without Azolla (0 %) was used to feed control. The treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 were fed with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40 % Azolla incorporated diets. The diet with 20 % Azolla exhibited better growth rate and weight gain when compared to the rest of the experimental diets. This showed that the Azolla in good combination with locally available ingredients can serve as a low-cost supplementary diet for Catla catla thus reducing the feeding cost.

Keywords: Azolla microphylla Kaulf, Catla catla, (Hamilton, 1822), Experimental feed, Low-cost supplementary diet.

(164) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 22

FISH PICKLES: A PRODUCT IN LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Mamata Kumari

Ramdayalu Singh College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001 Email: [email protected]

Due to increasing population and nutritional security, there is a need to introduce fish and its by-product on a large scale. Pickling is one of the traditional and most successful methods of fish preservation known to human beings. With the help of this method, we can keep the fishes for longer periods at a minimum loss of their texture, taste and chemical composition. Due to their unique taste, fish pickles can be considered as a delicacy for fish consumers.

Keywords: Preservation, Pickle, By-product, exchange of domestic & foreign currency, Fish.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 23

STUDIES ON THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER AND TISSUE OF LABEO BOGA COLLECTED FROM RIVER TAWI, INDIA

Monika Sharma*, Roopma Gandotra and Sapna Jangral

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu (180006) Email: [email protected]

The present study determines the concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb in the water sample and muscle tissue of Labeo boga; both collected from the non-polluted and polluted section of river Tawi. The mean concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb obtained at Section 1 were 0.0484±0.0089 (ppm); 0.0160±0.0012 (ppm); 0.1575±0.0023 (ppm) and 0.0001±0.00012 (ppm); while for Section 2(polluted section), these values were found to

(165) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations be significantly higher(p<0.05) i.e 0.133±0.0012 (ppm); 0.022±0.0023 (ppm); 0.2060±0.0005 (ppm); 0.0022±0.0001 (ppm). The order of heavy metals load obtained in water samples at both the sections were Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb. The mean accumulation of heavy metals Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb in the muscle tissue of fish at section 1 were found to be 0.3745±0.011(ppm);0.1048±0.02 (ppm); 0.0940±0.04 (ppm) and 0.0012±0.0001 (ppm) respectively. Similarly, at Section 2, mean accumulation of Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb in fish muscle were 0.5395±0.013 (ppm); 0.1562±0.04 (ppm); 0.1213±0.023 (ppm) and 0.0013±0.0001 (ppm) respectively. The values obtained for heavy metals both in water and muscle tissue were compared with acceptable limits issued by various agencies viz. WHO, FAO; results revealed lower values than acceptable limits, but showed an increasing trend which definitely poses a serious threat for aquatic survival. From the study, it is clear that river Tawi is getting polluted due to discharges- runoff, sewage, direct dumping of waste by the people, agricultural activities and other anthropogenic activities. The entry of metals into the river system reflects the pollution which may adversely affect the fish population. Hence, there is dire need to maintain healthy biodiversity and to educate the people about the negative impact of water pollution with sewage, pesticides and with other chemicals

Keywords: Heavy metals, Labeo boga, Zn, Fe, Muscle, Accumulation, Pollution.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 24 REPORT ON HEAVY METAL BIOMAGNIFICATION OF FOOD FISHES FROM THE GOMTI RIVER, LUCKNOW, AS A SIGN OF CONTAMINATION

Naushad Ahmed Shah*, Ratnesh Kr. Singh, Dr. T.S. Naqvi*, and Prof. A.M. Saxena

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.), 226007 Department of Zoology, Shia P.G. College, Lucknow (U.P.)¥ 226020 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Fishes are a major part of the human diet due to rich protein content. Rivers are getting polluted, affecting the lives of aquatic fauna mainly fishes. The study is based on heavy metals and their negative effect on fishes of the Gomti river, Lucknow. Heavy metals

(166) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences deteriorate the health of fishes because they are long persisted, shows bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. After assessments in the laboratory, the heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn) were detected in muscles, gills, and livers of fishes, using Absorption Spectroscopy. Further studies on heavy metals ensure that there are no high levels of heavy metals transferred to humans through consumption.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Biomagnification, Muscle, Gills, Gomti river,

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 25 HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN WATER, SEDIMENTS, AND MUSCLES OF LABEO ROHITA OF RIVER BASANTAR, SAMBA (J&K), INDIA

Neha Badyal* and Arti Sharma

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) *Email: [email protected]

River Basantar, one of the tributaries of Chenab drainage system flows through Samba district of J&K and is the main source of drinking water to the inhabitants of this region. This lotic water body is affected by a large number of pollutants and the industrial complex (SIDCO) established on its bank is one of its major sources. Among various pollutants, the study and detection of heavy metals are very important because of their persistence, bio-accumulative and non-biodegradable nature. In the present study concentration of heavy metals viz. lead, copper, iron, and zinc was determined in water, sediments, and muscles of Labeo rohita by using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results depicted seasonal fluctuations in the concentration of heavy metals both in water as well as sediments with summer maxima and monsoon minima. The heavy metal concentration in water, sediments and muscles of Labeo rohita was recorded in the following order: Pb > Zn > Fe > Cu; Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu and Fe > Pb > Zn > Cu respectively. On the basis of the bioaccumulation factor, the accumulation of heavy metals was more from water than sediments. Moreover, the concentration of some of the heavy metals was much higher than the permissible limit as recommended by WHO, which clearly suggests that this water body needs immediate attention.

Keywords: Basantar, heavy metals, sediments, industries, bioaccumulation, AAS

(167) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 26

MORPHOMETRIC VARIANCE OF TWO SPECIES OF FRESHWATER PRAWNS FROM JAMMU REGION, INDIA

Nidhi Slathia* and Seema Langer

Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, 180006 *Corresponding author email:[email protected]

Water bodies of the Jammu region have been reported to be home for about four species of prawn inhabiting different geoclimatic locations. Out of these four species, two species viz., Macrobrachium dayanum and Macrobrachium kistnense have been selected for investigating morphometric variance. Thorough scanning of various morphological and morphometric characters have revealed that adaptations to different habitat-specific biotic and abiotic factors lead to the development of dissimilar characters, causing morphometric variance. The present study aims to authenticate the morphometric variations of the population of Macrobrachium dayanum and Macrobrachium kistnense. Samples were collected from Gho manhasa, Chakrali, and Nagri stream; former two being fed by Chenab and later being a tributary of Ravi. A total of twelve different morphological characters were studied and statistical analysis was done which demonstrated that the population was heterogeneous and such variability is mainly attributed to diverse habitat.

Keywords: Freshwater prawn, Morphometric characters, Macrobrachium dayanum, Macrobrachium kistnense, Jammu

(168) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 27

A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS ACANTHOSENTIS VERMA & DUTTA, 1929 FROM THE INTESTINE OF OXYGASTER BACAILA (HAMILTON, 1822) BY USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)

Neelam Kumari Gautam1, Sanjeev Kumar Verma1, Kumar Gaurav Bajpai2, Samta Johri 3, Vikas Gautam1 and A. M. Saxena1*

1Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, U.P. (India) 2 Department of Zoology, Shia P.G. College, Lucknow, 226003, U.P. (India) 3 Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya P.G. College, Lucknow, 226018, U.P. (India) *Email: [email protected], [email protected]

The genus Acanthosentis established by Verma and Datta, 1929. In this study Acanthosentis malihabadensis n. sp. (Quadrigyridae Van Cleave, 1920) collected from the locality Malihabad. Live specimens were recovered from the freshwater fish, Oxygaster bacaila. Specimens were fixed, stained and mounted on glass slides. Recovered specimens differ from all known Acanthosentis species due to: males were smaller than females, with broader in middle, tapering to posterior end, 2/3rd of the body covered with the spine. Trunk spines were in 19 circles each with 22 – 24 spines. Proboscis hooks of 1st 2nd and 3rd circles measuring 0.29, 0.19 and 0.16 mm respectively. Two pairs of hypodermal nuclei present on both sides of the trunk in males.

Keywords: Acathosentis, Fish, Molecular, Parasite.

(169) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 28

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTING SHAPE DIFFERENTIATION AMONG SOME SPECIES OF SUBFAMILY BARBINAE

Deepmala Gupta and Madhu Tripathi*

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow– 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Subfamily barbinae are taxonomically very challenging due to their overlapping key identification characters. This is especially the case for the members of the genus Puntius. Many species of Puntius are morphologically very similar. The genus comprises currently 49 valid species and also a high number of possible cryptic species while new species continue to be discovered and published (with many in the pipeline). The present study designed and carried out to discriminate some selected barb species (referred to as Puntius). Shape differences were studied with landmark-based truss and geometric morphometrics. Significant differences in shape were found in the selected species. Our results suggest that both, truss and geometric morphometrics do allow the differentiation of species and provide an alternative method for the classification of cryptic fish assemblages. Species-level taxonomy will get benefited from integrative approaches that include both truss and geometric morphometric.

Keywords: Barbs, Cryptic Species, Morphology, Geometric morphometrics.

(170) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 29

EX-SITU CONSERVATION OF INDIAN MAJOR CARPS (L. ROHITA, G. CATLA, C. MRIGALA, L. CALBASU) – AN INITIATIVE TO RESTORE THE WILD STOCK IN RIVER GANGA

Subhadeep Das Gupta, Himanshu Sekhar Swain, Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke, Ranjan Kumar Manna, Nitish Kumar Tiwari, Archisman Ray & Basanta Kumar Das*

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India Corresponding author* – [email protected]

River Ganga is the largest and most important river of India in respect of biodiversity and fisheries. Previous studies revealed that the numbers of Indian Major Carps (IMC) like L. rohita, G. catla, C. mrigala and L. calbasu which are the most prized fishes of Ganga are considerably declining since last few decades. In order to maintain and increase the numbers of IMC in river Ganga, conservation of these fishes is the right way at this moment. ICAR- CIFRI has taken an initiative to conserve these fishes through ex-situ conservation. The wild broodstock are collected from the river and induced breeding are conducted by hypophysation technique. Produced seeds reared up to fingerling size and ranched in different depleted stretches of river Ganga after necessary acclimatization.

Key words: River Ganga, Indian Major Carps (IMC), Ex-situ conservation, River ranching

(171) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 30

STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF JAWS AND TEETH ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF FRESH WATER CAT FISH MYSTUS CAVACIUS (Hamilton, 1822)

Chhaya Khillare and Rahul Khandare

Modern college of Arts, science and commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune-16 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Nagsenvana, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

Morphology of fish feeding apparatus is strongly correlated with feeding strategy and their feeding habits. For the study of jaws and teeth in Mystus cavacius fishes collected and dissected in such way to open each angle of mouth for detailed study. During the study it was observed that the cat fish consist of different teeth such as molariform, maxillary teeth, mandibular teeth, vermiform teeth. All these are present on lips, jaws, pharynx respectively and perform different function. It has also been seen that there is modification of teeth and gills according to their food.

Keywors: Jaws and teeth, Modification, Food and feeding habits, Mystus cavacius.

(172) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 31

EVALUATION OF FRESHWATER FISHES FOR BIO- CONTROL OF DENGUE VECTOR AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO LARVAE.

Ephsy K Davis and Raja Selvaraju

Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Email: [email protected]

The use of fresh water fishes for disease vector control is still largely unexplored. This fresh water fishes rapidly consume mosquito larvae in the breeding sites. Hence, the important studies were designed to compare mosquito biocontrol efficiency by fishes such as Trichogaster trichopterus (Gourami), Puntius conchonius (Rosybarb), Cyrtocara moorii (Blue Dolphin cichlid), Poecilia sphenops (Blackmolly) and Paracheirodon innesi (Neon tetra) in aquarium tanks. These selected omnivorous fishes were actively involved for fed on those mosquito larvae and they primarily detect mosquito larvae in the aquatic environment through smell, sight, appearance, feel, and taste of the feeds. The Puntius conchonius fish was fed more mosquito larvae (29.5±0.83mg) than Cyrtocara moorii (28.5±0.83mg), Trichogaster trichopterus (24.5±1.53 mg), Poecilia sphenops (19.5±1.04 mg) and Paracheirodon innesi (10.1±1.61 mg) in a duration. During this experiment could observe that feed consumption ability of these selected fish by length (3.73cm), weight (1.49g) and body size. This result shows that selected fishes were good efficiency towards to control mosquito larvae and they are inexpensive resources which can be used as a bio-control agent for dengue vector Aedes aegypti at our home by production of aquarium fishes, and also that mosquito larvae can be used as alternative feed for aquarium fishes.

Keywords: Aquarium fishes, Aedes aegypti, Dengue vector, Bio-control of mosquito larvae.

(173) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 32

IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION ON INDIGENOUS CARP CIRRHINUS MRIGALA FROM RIVER RAVI, DISTRICT KATHUA (J & K), INDIA

Roopma Gandotra and Dheeraj Sharma

Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu. Email: [email protected]

The present study deals with the evaluation of impact of water pollution on the various tissues of an indigenous carp viz. Cirrhinus mrigala inhabiting River Ravi, district Kathua ( J and K) .Various Histological changes were studied in specimens collected from polluted sampling station which includes distortion, clubbing and fusion of gill lamellae, hypertrophy and cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatocytes in liver where as no such lesions in tissues were found in specimens obtained from upper non-polluted station of the river.

Keywords: Cytoplasmic Degeneration, Hypertrophy, Lesions.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 33

FISH AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD IN HUMAN HEALTH, DISEASES AND WELLBEING

Abdul Hei

Asst. Professor, LIlong Haoreibi College, Lilong, Manipur E- mail: [email protected]

Fish is a unique aquatic food product which is good for both physical and mental health. As a functional food, fish is important not only in human growth and development but also in prevention and amelioration of many civilized related diseases. Fish is a good sources of high quality protein, lipid, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins which are important in human

(174) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences nutrition. Fish protein contains all the essential amino acids and also contains lots of functional amino acids. It is also a good source of essential (PUFAs) which are important in health and brain, and reducing the risks of chronic diseases such as heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, dementia, osteoporosis, arthritis, retinopathy, psoriasis, and other chronic and inflammatory diseases. Further, presence of vitamins and minerals in fish makes it an important functional food. As the consumers of the present age become more health conscious, the demands and market values for health promoting functional foods are expected to grow. So the study is to review and discuss the efficiency of fish and fish products as functional foods in human health and wellbeing, preventing and reducing chronic diseases.

Key words: Fish, functional food, n-3 PUFAs, EPA, DHA, Amino acids, Vitamins.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 34

STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF PERIPHYTON ASSEMBLAGE IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN A SEMI-LOTIC ENVIRONMENT IN SUNDARBAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE, INDIA

P. Gogoi, A. Sinha, T. Tayung, S. Das Sarkar, M. H. Ramteke, K. L. Kumar, S. K. Das, V. R. Suresh, B. K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120 Email: [email protected]

The effect of hydrological variables on the periphytic assemblages in a semi-lotic canal, Bishalakhi in Sundarban was investigated during July 2017 to September 2018. Analysis revealed, nine hydrographical parameters (WT, Sp. Con., TA, salinity, Mg++, phosphate, TP, silicate and transparency) were differ significantly between seasons (p<0.05). Periphyton population was represented by 74 taxa with maximum contribution from pennales. Shannon- Wiener diversity and Margalef’s species richness (>2.60) indicated moderate periphyton diversity in the system. Water variables viz., TA, salinity, WT, transparency, Mg++ and nitrate were the most deterministic parameters influencing the variation of periphyton assemblage.

(175) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

The meager variation in diversity indices across the stations also hints that periphyton accumulation was not influenced by natural base flow. Understandings from the present study will help in developing better management strategies for utilization of canal resources in Indian Sundarbans.

Keywords: Periphytic assemblage, Hydrographical, Canal, Sundarbans.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 35

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE SHARPTOOTH AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL 1822) AND MOSSAMBIQUE TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (PETERS, 1852) ON A SOUTH INDIAN RESERVOIR ECOSYSTEM

*M. Feroz Khan1, Preetha Panikkar1, S. Sibina Mol 1, V. L. Ramya1, U. K Sarkar2, B. K. Das2, Vijaykumar M. E1.

1Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Reservoir and Wetland Fisheries, Bangalore, India 2Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India *Corresponding Author : [email protected]

The impact of invasive fish in the reservoir ecosystem is becoming more noticeable and food web models are important tools for monitoring. Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a software for modeling that allows you to understand these impacts. This study assesses the impacts of two invasive African catfish and Mossambique tilapia in the foodweb of Karapuzha reservoir ecosystem in Kerala. The adverse effects of African catfish on all fish and crustaceans in the reservoir were revealed by mixed trophic impact assessment. For Oreochromis mossambicus impacts were both positive and negative. Their influence on the ecosystem attributes and function is also described.

Keywords: Ecopath, Ecosystem modelling, Prey-predator relationship, Trophic modeling

(176) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 36

A GENERAL COMPARATIVE MORPHO-TAXONOMY OF TWO SPECIES OF FRESHWATER CRABS FROM JAMMU REGION, INDIA

Harmeen Kour*, Seema Langer1, Santanu Mitra2

*1 Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006. 2 Zoological Survey of India, FPS Building, West Bengal, 700016. Corresponding author email: [email protected].

The present study aims to access the status of major species of freshwater crabs from different water bodies of Jammu region. A survey was conducted for a period of one year, Oct 2017- Sep 2018 from three districts viz., Jammu, Kathua and Poonch. Two species of common freshwater crabs have been reported so far from the local water bodies, belonging to two different families Gecarcinucidae and Potamidae. Both the families have varied distribution pattern with none of the same family being found together. The species Maydelliathelphusa masoniana is known to be found in the plain regions of the area and Himalayapotamon emphysetum in hilly regions. Major comparative taxonomic characters were described based precisely on the distinctive morphological characteristics of the specimens viz., carapace structure, frontal median triangle, abdominal structure of male and female, shape of male abdomen, shape of the gonopods (both G1 and G2) and shape of the gonopore on the sixth abdominal somite of the female. Morphological and sexual characters as shape of the carapace, shape of the various grooves, the male first gonopod and shape of gonopore of female on the sixth abdominal somite are important of taxonomic description of the species The present context aims to study the various characters with special reference to the comparative morphological that aid in the identification and comparison of the two species, Himalayapotamon emphysetum Alcock (1909) and Maydelliathelphusa masoniana Henderson (1893).

Key words: Maydelliathelphusa masoniana, Himalyapotamon emphysetum, Gecarcinucidae, Potamidae.

(177) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 37

EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FRESH WATER FISH: RASBORA DANICONIUS

J. V. Jagatkar

Dept. Of Zoology, Vaidyanath College, Parli-V. Dist. Beed. (M.S.) Email: [email protected]

Oxygen is a poorly soluble gas in water and its solubility depends on temperature of water and its partial pressure. The solubility of oxygen also decreases with increasing salinity of water. In conclusion rate of oxygen consumption can be used as a biochemical parameters to assess the impact of heavy metal pollutant on the freshwater fishes. In the present investigation therefore impact of Zn, Pb, Ni, exposure on oxygen consumption of R. daniconius has been documented. The freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius showed decrease in oxygen consumption when exposed to acute treatment to lethal concentration of heavy metals the concentration of lead acetate, zinc sulphate, nickel chloride, 4.22, 6.26, 29.22, it was found that oxygen consumption decreased after acute treatment as compared to that of the control fishes. This results in reduced oxygen uptake, which would create a physiological imbalance in the organism. Under heavy metal exposure more and more heavy metal enters the blood stream through the gill causing greater damage to the gill architecture.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Oxygen Consumption, R.daniconiu.

(178) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 38

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF HILL STREAM FISH SPECIES OF RAJOURI DISTRICT, JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA

Aaqib lone* and Roopma Gandotra

Department of Zoology University of Jammu Email: [email protected]

Ichthyofaunistic survey in lotic and lentic water bodies of erstwhile Rajouri District, Jammu region, has revealed the presence of 15 fish species belonging to 2 orders (cyperiniformes and synbranchiformes) and 10 generas. The fish species are Schizothorax richardsonii, Labeo boga, Labeo bata, Tor putitora, Tor tor, Garra gotyla, Garra lambda, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sarana, Barilius vagra, Barilius bendelisis, Crossocheilus latius , Botia birdi, Cyprinius carpio, Mastacembelus armatus. Family Cyperinidae (99.10%) was found to be dominant along with Mastacembelidae and Botiidae, which accounts for 0.62% and 0.28% respectively.

Keywords: Ichthyofaunal diversity, Chhoti Tawi, Rajouri district, Hill stream fishes.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 39 SHELF LIFE EXTENSION OF FISH BY VACUUM PACKAGING

Roopma Gandotra, Aayushi Dogra* and Meenakshi Koul

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) *Email: [email protected]

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum packaging on quality changes of fish fillets stored under frozen conditions for 21 days. The samples were analyzed at an interval of 7 days. Within this period, the changes in proximate and biochemical composition

(179) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations were analyzed. It was found that protein, lipid and ash content were 15±0.04, 2.09±0.014, 1.55±0.03 in vacuum packed samples at 21st day respectively. These values were comparatively higher than samples stored under frozen conditions in which values were 11.04±0.2 for protein, 2.00±0.03 for lipid and 1.31±0.04 for ash on the same day. On the last day of the experiment i.e. 21st day, the recorded free fatty acid content in unprocessed raw muscle was 12.27±0.03% as compared to that of vacuum-packed muscle which was just 4.99±0.014%. Even the pH value of the vacuum-packed sample was lower (7.6) than that of the unprocessed sample (7.85). The TBA values were found to cross the permissible limit on the 7th day in raw fillets while on the 14th day in vacuum packed fillets. Thus, the TBA, free fatty acid and pH values were lower in vacuum packed samples than the control one. Hence, shelf life extension can be achieved by vacuum packaging.

Keywords: Vacuum packaging, Fish, Shelf life.

OP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 40

EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN FOLK FOR LIVELIHOOD SECURITY THROUGH ORNAMENTAL FISH SECTOR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

S. Bhattacharya*1, A. Sinha1, B. K. Mahapatra2, and H. S. Swain1

1 ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120, India 2 ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091, India * Corresponding author: [email protected]

Empowering rural women is a multi-dimensional process through which women can get livelihood security as well as control over decision-making. The involvement of rural women in the ornamental fish industry including ornamental fish breeding, culture, aquarium accessories preparation, aquarium plant propagation, and overall trading has been advocated

(180) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences for their socio-economic upliftment. About 25-30% of women folk in West Bengal are involved in this industry and their average monthly income is Rs. 2000-15000/- per person. Considering the proven success of women in the development of homestead enterprise in ornamental fish farming, it is necessary to encourage the creation of Self Help Groups for such an enterprise.

Keywords: Ornamental fish, Women empowerment, Livelihood security, West Bengal

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 41

VERTICAL MULTI - TROPHIC RE-CIRCULATORY AGRI– AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (VMTRAS): AN INTEGRATED ECO–FRIENDLY ORGANIC FARMING MECHANISM FOR FUTURE FOOD SECURITY AND EMPLOYABILITY

Sagarika Das, S. Chowdhury, and B. K. Das

Faculty of Fishery Sciences West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Chakgaria Campus, Kolkata-700094, WB, India E-mail: [email protected]

Space, food and freshwater in the earth are in threats due to several reasons. Future food security and employability can be achieved by Vertical Multi-Trophic Re-Circulatory Agri- Aquaculture System (VMTRAS), which integrates aquaculture and agricultural in a minimum space, soil and water. The wastes generated from one unit used as nutrients of other unit. Water used for aquaculture is recycled as nutrients-rich irrigated water for agriculture and again backed to aquaculture in a purified form through this system. The produces are organic in origin and free from chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, etc. Non-agriculture sites (rooftops, parks, industrial, institutional and housing complexes) are used for VMTRAS.

Keywords: Multi-trophic, Re-circulatory Agri-aquaculture, Integrated farming, Organic farming

(181) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 42

MANAGEMENT NEEDS OF HILSA SHAD FISHERY OF HOOGHLY- BHAGIRATHI RIVER SYSTEM AND NORTHERN BAY OF BENGAL, INDIA

Sajina A. M., Suresh, V. R., Sandhya, K. M., Manna, R. K., Mukherjee, J., Banik, S. K.

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India Email: [email protected];

Tenualosa ilisha is highly-priced fish of socio-cultural importance in India. Status of the fishery was assessed from the Hooghly-Bhagirathi river and associated coastal waters, which form an important migratory path for the species. Annual hilsa catch was estimated for the 2013-2016 period; it fluctuated from 12192 tonnes in 2015 to 48922 tonnes in 2016. The catch statistics and estimated Maximum Sustainable Yield indicate that fishery is declining. Catch composition and ovary stages of samples indicate that juvenile and brooder fishing are rampant in fishery signaling growth and recruitment overfishing. The study divulges many aspects of fishery where there could be management interventions.

Keywords: Hilsa; Tenualosa ilisha; Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system; Migratory shad; Stratified multistage random sampling; Growth overfishing

(182) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 43

TO STUDY HARDNESS AND TOTAL SOLID DISSOLVE OF DIFFERENT WATER SAMPLE FROM BARSHI AND AROUND AREA

Salunkhe S. S*., Chikne S. S., Aware D. S., Babar R. U., Barkul A. S.

* Department of Zoology.S.S.M.Barshi Email: [email protected]

Water is with a high concentration of minerals in hard water. Water is essential for life .but water with high degrees of hardness is harmful to health. The present study was carried out with a view to have an understanding of the water quality in the Barshi area. Environmental studies were carried out to find out the total solid dissolved and hardness of different water samples. For that total eight samples were collected from different bore well, lakes and tap water in the Barshi area. The analysis of various parameters using EDTA methods. All the samples have a hardness range is greater than 180ppm. This range is very dangerous for drinking.

Keywords: Water sample, Hardness, TDS, EDTA, Barshi.

(183) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 44

MODIFICATION OF GENERAL BODY COLORATION OF FRESHWATER PRAWN MACHROBRACHIUM LAMARREI BY USING DIFFERENT BACKGROUND COLOURATIONS

Sandeep Shukla*, Shareef Ahmad** and Sanjive Shukla**

*Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 (U.P.) INDIA **P.G. Department of Zoology, B.S.N.V.P.G. College, Lucknow-226001 (U.P.) INDIA *Corresponding email: [email protected]

Increasing population of the world created many problems for the coming generations, increasing food demand and employment is one of them. By using alternative food sources both can be resolved. In the present scenario, developing countries are facing the problem of food safety along with minimum essential nutrition per diet. Aquaculture products other than fishes can play a crucial role in providing alternate food sources as well as a proper nutritional diet. Crustaceans, especially prawns can be a good option for marine as well as freshwater aquaculture. The color of prawns plays an important role in their market value. By using suitable background coloration the body coloration of cultured prawn can be managed and in this way market value can be enhanced. In the present work effect of the background, the color effect was evaluated on freshwater prawn Machrobrachium lamarrei. Five different background colors (viz. White, blue, green, red and white) along with one control (translucent) were used to determine the effect on the coloration of prawn. The number, type, and structure of chromatophores vary according to the color of the background and it was observed that the number of chromatophores increased in the darker background in comparison to the lighter background color. The result shows that prawns are capable to modify their body coloration according to the background color of experimental aquariums. The possible role of chromatophore change in relation to prospective market value has been discussed.

Keywords: Background color, Chromatophores, Freshwater prawn, Macrobrahium lamarrei.

(184) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 45

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERNATION IN THE INTESTINE OF CHANNA PUNCTATUS INFECTED WITH ACANTHOCEPHALAN PARASITES FROM DISTRICT GORAKHPUR, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Neelam Kumari Gautam, Sita Yadav and A. M. Saxena*

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, U.P., India *E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

The present study was conducted to reveal the pathological changes in the intestine of freshwater fish Channa punctatus naturally infected with acanthocephalan parasites. During present investigations, 25 fishes (Channa punctatus) were examined. The collected parasites from the intestine of Channa punctatus were stored in 70% ethanol for 24 to 48 hours, stained and mounted by standard techniques. For histopathological investigation tissue samples from infected intestine were fixed in Bouin’s fluid for 24 hours, processed and 6-8 micron thick sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and finally mounted with Canada balsam. These parasites caused severe histopathological changes in fish intestine like damage of the villi, inflammation, fibrosis associated with hyperplasia and metaplasia, epithelial necrosis, widening of the intestinal lumen and increase in the number of mucous cells. In the case of serious infection, damage occurs to both mucosal and submucosal layers.

Keywords: Acanthocephalan, Channa punctatus, Parasites, Investigation, Intestine.

(185) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 46

MAJOR DISEASES AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS IN FRESHWATER CAGE CULTURES

Sanjib Kumar Manna,* Raju Baitha, Asit Kumar Bera, Basanta Kumar Das, Nilemesh Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, India *Corresponding author E. mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a catfish of SE Asia, is the most common species cultured in >70% of cages in reservoirs in India producing huge biomass annually. The present study investigated occurrence and management of diseases in P. hypophthalmus in cages of different reservoirs. Major infectious diseases identified were septicemia caused by Aeromonas spp. and Edwardsiella ictaluri, tail and fin rot, mycosis and Ich. Disease incidences, morbidity and mortality were higher in winter, and majorly influenced by age/ size of fish, water temperature, and cleanliness of cage nets. Antibiotic, vitamin C and vitamin B complex, liver tonic were commonly used drugs in cages.

Keywords: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Cage culture, Disease, Management.

(186) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 47

STUDIES ON THE DIVERSITY OF TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE, INDIA

Shahnaz Tabassum* and Seema Langer

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu,180006. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Isopoda is a widely distributed order of Crustaceans which is characterized by a segmented body strictly divided into the head (cephalon), thorax (pereon) comprising of seven segments and abdomen (Pleon) comprising of five segments. The carapace is characteristically reduced into the cephalic shield. Isopods are present both in terrestrial as well as in aquatic habitat. The water-dwelling forms are mostly parasitic in nature invading the opercular cavity, buccal cavity, fins and skin of fishes. Extensive field surveys were conducted from wet banks, wood logs, damp household corners, manure stores, etc. and a total of three species have been collected. Based on their morphometric and behavioral characters, they were found to belong to three families viz., Porcellionidae, Philosciidae and Armadillidiidae. The isopods are extremely important from an economical point of view. Besides serving as biological indicators, they play an important role in controlling micro pests, overturning of soil and above all act as a food source for other animals.

Keywords: Diversity, Parasitic, Isopods, Micropest, J&K

(187) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 48

DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS OF BEERANALLI, KAGINA RIVER SEDAM TALUKA OF KALABURAGI DISTRICT KARNATAKA, INDIA

Heena Mubeen 1, Shankerappa S. Hatti 2*, Harish2, Gazala Nikhat1, Priyanka 2, Shivaleela2

1Department of Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106 2Department of UG and PG Studies and Research in Zoology, Government College (Affiliated to Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi), Kalaburagi-585105 *[email protected]

The study of freshwater Molluscs fauna was carried out at the Kagina river of Beeranalli of Sedam taluka district Kalaburagi. The river Kagina rises near Kohir in Andhra Pradesh and enters Gulbarga district near Habal village in Sedam Taluk. The area covered is from Beeranalli to Meenhabal Bridge covering a distance of 0.5 km during the month of February 2019. The exact location of Beeranalli is approximately between latitude 17º13’26.95"N 77º12’09.81"E and at an elevation of 1322ft. The study reveals the presence of a total of 12 freshwater Molluscans were identified belonging to two classes i.e., Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Eight species of Gastropoda, belonging 2 orders, four families and 8 genus they are viz., Filopaludina bengalensis, Idiopoma dissimilis, Thiara scabra, Melanoides tuberculata, Tarebia granifera, Tarebia lineata, Redix biacuminata, and Indoplanorbis exustus. Four species belonging to class Bivalvia, 1order and 1 family belonging to four genus they are viz Lamellidens jenkinsianus, Parreysia corrugata, Radiatula occuta, and Corbicula striatella.this show the presence of rich diversity of freshwater molluscan.

Keywords: Freshwater Molluscs, Diversity, Bivalves, Gastropods.

(188) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 49

CATCH PREDICTION AND INFLUENCE ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES ON LANDINGS OF TENUALOSA ILISHA (HAMILTON, 1822) FROM BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER, ASSAM, INDIA

Simanku Borah1, Vaisakh G.2, A.K. Jaiswar3, B.K. Bhattacharjya1, A.K. Sahoo4, G. Deshmukhe3, R.K. Raman4, A.K. Yadav1, and *B.K. Das4

1ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Regional Centre, Guwahati – 781006 2ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Regional Centre, Vadodara – 390022 3ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai – 400061 4ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120 Email: *[email protected]. [email protected]

SARIMA model was fitted on seasonal (quarterly) Hilsa catch from Uzanbazar landing centre, Guwahati for the period 1987-88 to 2016-17. Models were developed using catch data from 1987-88 to 2013-14 and SARIMA (1,0,0) (0,1,1) [4] model with minimum Akaike Information Criteria value was selected. Percentage error in predicting the catch by the model as compared to the actual catch for the period 2014-15 to 2016-17 ranged from 14.81-16.87%. Forecasted catch of the species using the model shows that during 2019- 20 catch of the species at Uzanbazar landing centre will be 2862.86 kg, followed by 2844.86 kg in 2020-21 and 2864.861 kg during 2021-22, which shows a reduction in the range of 8.41-8.48% as compared to the average catch of the species from 2014-15 to 2016-17. Further SARIMAX model was developed using SARIMA (1,0,0) (0,1,1) [4] and by taking mean air temperature and total rainfall data for Guwahati from 1987-88 to 2016-17 as regressors. Analysis showed that air temperature has a negative influence, while total rainfall has a positive influence on Hilsa catch in Uzanbazar landing centre of Brahmaputra River, but both were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). However, model parameters i.e. autoregressive parameter and seasonal moving average parameter were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).

Keywords: Tenualosa ilisha, SARIMA model, Climatic variables.

(189) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 50 A RE-DESCRIPTION OF TREMATODE ALLOCREADIUM HANDIAI (PANDE, 1937), UTILIZING FRESHWATER FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH, 1793) AS HOST

Sita Yadav, Pooja Vishwakarma, Sanjeev Kumar Verma, A. M Saxena And Madhu Tripathi

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow -226007 (Uttar Pradesh) Email- [email protected], [email protected]

Allocreadium handiai (Pande, 1937) was first described by Pande, 1937 from freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctatus. The present form of Allocreadium handiai can be distinguished by having elongated and aspinose body, cirrus sac just below the intestinal bifurcation, subspherical oral sucker, and oval acetabulum. Vitellaria reached up to the hind region of the body. Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793), the spotted snakehead fish belongs to the family Channidae was found to be heavily infested with these trematode parasites. Out of 30 fishes examined, 25 were found to be infested. In the present paper, we are re- describing Allocreadium handiai infesting intestine of freshwater fish Channa punctatus.

Keywords: Channa punctatus, Allocreadium handiai, Acetabulum.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 51 ECTOPARASITIC DIVERSITY FROM THE GILLS OF FRESHWATER FISHES FROM JAMMU REGION, INDIA

Sukanya Rajput* and Seema Langer

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu Corresponding email: [email protected]

Ectoparasites are one of the major groups of parasites causing infection in both freshwater and marine fishes. The present study was conducted from March to August, 2019 to identify the gill parasites from freshwater fishes of Jammu region. Five species of freshwater fishes

(190) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences viz., Labeo sp., Puntius sp., Mystus sp., Channa sp. and Rasbora sp. collected from different freshwater bodies were analyzed for ectoparasitic infection. During the study four species belonging to two groups viz. Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) and Copepoda (Crustacea: Arthropoda) were recovered. Both Monogeneans and Copepods were recovered from the gill filaments of host fishes. The ectoparasites recovered include Dactylogyrus bucinus, Gyrodactylus sp., Diplozoon guptai, and Lamproglena schizothorascii. Among the fish hosts examined in present study, Labeo sp. and Mystus sp. were found to be most common hosts for ectoparasites.

Keywords: Parasites, Monogeneans, Copepoda, Dactylogyrus, Diplozoon, Lamproglena.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 52

ZOOPLANKTONIC DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS OF AYYAPPA POND, BOKARO, JHARKHAND, INDIA

B. K. Singh, Anjali Gupta

P.G. Deptt. Of Zoology, H.D. Jain College, Arrah, Bihar, L 11646 Email id: [email protected]

A preliminary study was made on physico-chemical characteristics and zooplankton diversity of a lentic water body of Bokaro, Jharkhand. The study was conducted during Sep. 2013- Aug. 2014. The samples were analyzed at monthly intervals of a period of one year. The abiotic parameters of the pond were found within the permissible limit. Zooplanktons were also collected monthly using plankton net. The result revealed that zooplankton was made up of total 17 genera belonging to protozoa(3),Rotifera(5),Cladocera(5),Copepoda(3), and Ostracoda(1).The status of the pond could said to be eutrophic as indicated by the diversity of zooplanktons.

Key words: Physico-chemical factors, Zooplankton, Lentic, Eutrophic.

(191) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 53

SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES OF ZOOPLANKTONS IN MOMBATTA LAKE, INDIA

Rumana Shaikh* and Atul R. Chourpagar

Department of Zoology, Pemraj Sarada College, Ahmednagar Department of Zoology, Dadapatil Rajale Arts, Science and Commerce College, Adinathnagar, Tal. Pathardi, Dist. Ahmednagar Email ID: [email protected]

In the present study analysis of meiobenthic fauna with using diversity indices like Simpsons index, Shannon Wiener Index, Evenness. The highest Simpsons index (D) of rotifera group was in November (0.223), cladocera in October (0.363), copepoda in June (0.274) and ostracoda in July (0.357). The maximum Shannon Wiener Index (H) of the rotifera was in April (2.235), cladocera in September (2.173), copepoda in October (1.935) and ostracoda in May (1.607). The highest species uniformity (Evenness) of rotifera group was in May (0.973), cladocera in December (0.978), copepoda in October (0.994) and ostracoda in May (0.999). The species diversity of different groups of meiobenthic fauna was survey during 2008 to 2009 in Mombatta Lake of Aurangabad District, India.

Keywords: Mombatta Lake, Zooplanktons, Simpson’s index, Shannon Wiener Index, evenness.

(192) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 54

PRESENT STATUS OF HILSA SHAD (TENUALOSA ILISHA) FISHERIES AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN BAY OF BENGAL

Arghya Kamal Mondal and T. S. Nagesh

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria Campus, Kolkata-700094, WB, India Email: [email protected]

Hilsa shad is an anadromous fish distributed in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). It contributes 10% of the total fish production of India ($1.74 billion). In West Bengal, Hilsa is a high demanding fish for taste and quality with 12.5% of the catch. Its production from inland waters has been stable in last two decades, whereas marine yields increased substantially. The taxonomy, distribution, habitat, migration patterns, population dynamics, fisheries and socio-economic aspects of Hilsa were discussed. To maintain the sustainable stock, banning of undersized fishing, creation of protected areas, incentive to Hilsa fishers, habitats restoration and advanced research on the stock maintenance are recommended.

Keywords: Hilsa shad, Undersized fishing, Habitats restoration, Sustainable stock.

(193) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 55

BIO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF FRESHWATER FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH)

Anupriya Rani1* and Md. Rahamtullah2

1 Deptt. of Zoology, L.N.M.U., Darbhanga 2 K.S. College, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga Email: [email protected]*, [email protected]

In this paper, the Freshwater fish Channa punctatus treated with monocrotophos for acute exposure to 18.56 ppm at 96 hr and subacute exposure viz. 0.46 ppm, 0.96 ppm and 1.86 ppm for 30 days. Bio-chemicals such as total protein, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase have been measured in different tissues of fish viz. gills, liver, brain and muscles. The increased lipid level may be due to inhibition of lipase activity and other bio- chemicals of lipid metabolism. A significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) indicating its effects on nervous system have also been observed. These parameters can be used as bio-chemical to predict the early toxicity of monocrotophos added to aquatic ecosystem. The protein levels were found to be depleted in all the tissues after pesticide exposure to lethal and sublethal concentration over the control, where as the lipid levels showed an increase under the stress of pesticide monocrotophos.

Key words: Bio-chemical, Aquatic ecosystem, Parameters.

(194) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 56

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CULTURED FISHES INFECTED WITH MYXOZOAN PARASITE FROM CULTURED FISH FARMS IN PUNJAB (INDIA)

Anu Katoch

Department of Zoology, GTB Khalsa College Dasuya, Hoshiarpur (Punjab) Email: [email protected]

In Punjab (India), polyculture consists of Indian major carps - Catla catla Ham. (Catla), (Labeo rohita Ham.) (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus Ham. (mrigal), and exotic carps - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valen. (silver carp), Ctenopharyngodon idellus Valen. (grass carp) and Cyprinus carpio Linn. (Common carp). Cultured carps were recorded to be prone to several parasitic infectious diseases especially caused by myxozoan parasites, results in the decline rate of harvest. During the present study, a total of 467 fishes were collected from 4 districts of Punjab (India) and various organs were examined microscope for the presence of plasmodia of myxozoans. Gills were found heavily infected followed by fins and scales. For identification, myxospores were studied fresh and in stained preparations with Iron-haematoxylin and Ziehl-Neelsen. For tissue location, wax embedded sections (3- 4 μm thick) of infected gills were stained with Luna’s method. The plasmodia were located in the gill lamellae (LV), gill filament (FV) and also in the gill arch (AC). In case of fins plasmodia were located in the interlepidotrachial region (IL) and inside the lumen of finray (LF) and on the surface of hemisegment (HS). In case of scales, plasmodia were embedded in the lumen of scales. A total of 22 species of myxosporean were recorded infecting various tissues in the gills, fins and scales belonging to three genera Myxobolus, Thelohanellus and Henneguya.

Keywords: Myxozoan, Aquaculture, Gills, Fins, Plasmodium, Myxosporea, Cultured carps.

(195) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 57

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF ODONATA NAIADS IN A FISH CULTURE POND IN PURBA MEDINIPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

1 2 3 Anindya Pattanayak *, Priti R Pahari , S. N. P Yadav Deen

1,3 P.G Dept of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya, Bihar, India 2, P.G Dept of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur,India *Email:[email protected]

In the present study, total 12 species of Odonata larvae were recorded in a managed fish 0 0 farming pond at Tamluk Rajbari (22 19'52.56"N, 87 56’16.72"E). Order Anisoptera was predominant in all seasons (73.88%) but in monsoon it showed maximum abundance (77.58%), whereas Zygoptera showed least abundance(22.42%) in the same season but maximum in post- monsoon (31.03%). Out of 3 families, Libellulidae represented by 8 species, was numerically highest in monsoon (75.82%) and lowest in post-monsoon (67.06%), but Coenagrionidae represented by 4 species, showed maximum and minimum abundance in post- monsoon (31.03%) and monsoon (22.42%) respectively. Observation showed, in this lentic habitat different species followed different population fluctuation-patterns leading to temporal niche separation. Only one species Orthetrum sabiana (Drury,1770) of family Libellulidae showed maximum abundance in pre-monsoon (28.85%) and post- monsoon( 22.67%) but in monsoon Pantala favescens(Fabricius,1798) of Libellulidae showed the highest abundance (21.16%) This population fluctuation may be due to availability of food items, types of host plants or some environmental conditions like temperature, pH, D.O, nutrients etc. Pantala flaveacent (Fabricius,1798),was observed only in monsoon but found totally absent in other seasons.

Community analysis of order Odonata revealed that the fish culture pond under investigation showed less diversity, as indicate by Shanon General Diversity index (H’ = 1.99) and Evenness Index (e =2).

Keywords: Odonata larvae, Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae, Diversity index.

(196) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 58

FISH DIVERSITY OF SOME MAJOR PONDS OF VAISHALI DISTRICT (BIHAR), INDIA

Amit Kumar Solanki¹, Shailendra Kumar² & Ashutosh Kumar³

¹Department of Zoology, J.P. University, Chhapra 2,3R.N. College, Hajipur, Vaishali Email: [email protected]

Fresh Water ponds are an important part of human life, and play an important role in determining the nutritional and health status of people because they are considered as fish producing unit. Fishes were collected with the help of local fishermen from some major ponds of vaishali district. Initially fishes were identified by local name & common name. The scientific identification and classification were done. In the study a total number of 30 fish species under 9 orders 22 families were collected & identified. Labeo rohita, Crihinus mrigala, Catla catla, Mystus tengara, Labeo pangusia, Channa punctatus were found to be dominant fish species.

Keywords: Pond, Fresh Water, species, Fishermen, Local, Scientific

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 59 AN OVERVIEW OF COMPENSATORY GROWTH AFTER DIFFERENT FEED RESTRICTION SCHEDULES IN FISH

Aishika Banerjee and S. K. Das

Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria Campus, Kolkata-700094, WB, India E-mail: [email protected]

Compensatory growth (CG) is a phase of accelerated growth when favourable conditions are restored after a period of growth depression. It is demonstrated typically after growth depression induced by complete or partial food deprivation. It improves the growth rates of

(197) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations fish by a careful choice of feeding schedules in which periods of feed deprivation are followed by periods of satiation feeding. If compensatory growth can completely makeup for growth lost during starvation, then there could be an opportunity to save fish feed without compromising the growth. It also reduces feed wastage and decreases excreta thus accumulation of many hazardous components reduced, which minimises aquatic pollution.

Keywords: Compensatory growth, Growth depression, Growth depression, Satiation feeding

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 60

DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER PROTOZOANS FROM WATER BODY ON AJINKYATARA FORT NEAR SATARA (M.S.) FROM JANUARY 2018 TO DECEMBER 2018

Ravindra Bakare1 and Savita Nalawade2

1 Department of Zoology, Kisan Veer Mahavidyalaya, Wai, District: Satara, 412803 2 P. G. Department of Zoology, Y. C. I. S. SATARA, (Dist-Satara), PIN 415002 Email: [email protected]

The species composition population and diversity of protozoa in water body on the Ajinkyatara fort near Satara of State Maharashtra, India during January 2018 to December 2018 is studied. On annual mean basis the total number of protozoan species estimated was to be 54. It seems that if the species variety at given time is considered the ciliates count approximate 52 %, flagellates about 24% and rhizopods were 24% of total protozoan population. Throughout the year ciliates dominated the total number and in number of varieties. The average density of total protozoa found minimal in February and peak in December. The study is relevant in biodiversity, bioindicator species and in the field of biomonitoring of water bodies.

Keywords: Protozoa, Ciliata, Rhizopoda, Flagellata, Ajinkyatara.

(198) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 61

IMPACT OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGES OF FRESHWATER FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS BLOCH-1793 (SNAKE HEADED)

Ramesh P. L.1* and M. Ramachandra Mohan2

1Assistant professor, Department of Zoology, The National College, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, and 2 Professor, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru *Corresponding author: [email protected],

Aquatic life is adversely affected by pollutants which have ability to accumulate and persist in tissue of aquatic animals. The toxicological study on Channa punctatus fish exposed to various concentration of cadmium chloride revealed that change in the behaviour such as erratic swimming, irregular movements, restlessness, surface swimming, lathery and loss of equilibrium was observed. The morphological changes included the depletion of scales, skin lesion in and around the head region, from dorsal to lateral side of the body, gill clumping and exhibited skin colour change from normal to pale yellow color and increased with the increasing of concentration of the toxicant.

Keywords: Cadmium chloride, Channa punctatus, Morphological, Behavioral changes.

(199) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 62

EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL LOAD AT CERTAIN NON- SPECIFIC IMMUNE SITES OF MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII SUPPLEMENTED WITH CYNODON DACTYLON

Jasmine Anand

Department of Zoology, T.K.M.M.College Nangiarkulangara, Alappuzha E-mail: [email protected]

The present investigation was carried out to assess the alterations in the microbial load at certain non- specific immune sites (gut, gill and exoskeleton) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii supplemented with Cynodon dactylon . Each experimental set up consist of 15 prawns per test dose and equal number of control reared in 100 litre tanks. Prawns were fed with the control and medicated diet (250mg/kg) prepared in the laboratory and was fed at 10 % of the body weight. After 4 months the total microbial load at non-specific immune sites of prawns in both control and medicated culture were isolated and identified. In the present work the medicated diet effectively suppressed the bacterial growth in the non-specific immune sites and promisingly enhanced the growth of probiotic bacteria and there by reduced the pathogenecity and helps in immunomodulation.

Key words: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Cynodon dactylon, non-specific immune sites

(200) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 63

STUDIES ON ARTEMIA POPULATION IN MANMADE SALTPAN OF SOUTH INDIA

Veeramani Thangasamy* and Perumal Santhanam

1Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali-602 024, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

The spatial and seasonal variations in physicochemical conditions and Artemia franciscana distribution were studied in three different manmade saltpans in Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India. The summer season showed the maximum while the monsoon revealed a minimum level of temperature (32.3±0.1oC and 30.7±0.34oC). The maximum levels of pH -l (7.89±0.03), salinity (135±0.8 ppt), dissolved oxygen (2.20±0.05 mg ), NO2 (0.34±0.004

μmol/L), NO3 (0.148±0.003 μmol/L) PO4 (0.047±0.001 μmol/L), SiO3 (1.26±0.01 μmol/

L), and NH3 (0.147±0.001 μmol/L) were noticed in station 2. The highest percentage composition of the Artemia franciscana viz., nauplli (44.6%), juveniles (25.0%), pre- adult (23.1%), adult-male (15.7) and adult-female (17.53%) population were determined at station 2 during summer. Higher quantity of the Artemia wet cysts (538.3±7.6 g/0.3 ha) were recorded in station 1 and the smallest size (205.0±1.0 μm) of the Artemia wet cysts were observed in station 1 during summer. However, the large size (Artemia cyst) was observed in station 2 during monsoon. All the three stations exhibited only one species of Artemia (Artemia franciscana). The ANOVA between studied parameters showed statistically significant (P<0.01) variations between seasons and stations. The percentage of adult males had a strong positive correlation with pH (P = 0.893, 0.774) in both the summer and monsoon seasons. However, Adult-Female percentage composition showed a strong positive correlation with salinity. Based on the present findings, it is understood that the major saltpans such as Tuticorin, Vedaranyam and Marakkanam located along the Tamil Nadu coast can offer suitable habitats for the integrated production of Artemia.

Keywords: Artemia, Biomass, Cyst, Nutrients, Saltpan

(201) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 64

ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS FOR PROTECTING FISH HABITAT DURING NON – LEAN / NON-MONSOON MONTHS IN SELECTED STRETCHES OF RIVER TEESTA, INDIA

A. K. Sahoo*, B. K. Das, R. K. Raman, D. K. Meena, and H. S. Swain

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, India *Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

An investigation was carried out to estimate environmental flows for the non-lean/non- monsoon months based on the availability of fish species between the dam to powerhouse site, of Teesta hydropower project approximately 7.5 km which is considered as the ecologically affected stretch. During this period, juveniles of Schizothorax sp were abundant preferring depth of 0.6 to 0.8m with a velocity of 0.8 to 1.0m/s. Hydrographs of consecutive four years (2015-2018) for the non-lean and non-monsoon period was plotted to understand the annual change. Keeping this habitat, Hydrodynamic modeling has been carried out in the river stretch between Teesta-IV dam and tailrace tunnel (TRT) outlet using HEC-RAS software. River cross-sections at an interval of 500 m between dam and TRT outlet have been used in the study. In both cases it was observed that a discharge from 15 cumec to 19 cumec will fulfill the average depth of 1.2 m and velocity of 1.2m/s in the entire study stretch of 7.5 km to sustain Schizothorax sp.

Keywords: Environmental flows, HACRAS, sustainability, Fish

(202) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 65

LANDSCAPING OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA AS BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL OF FISHERIES IMPORTANCE

D. K. Meena*, A. K. Sahoo, H. S. Swain and B. K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, India *Corresponding author E mail: [email protected]

Freshwater fish culture encounters huge mortality predominantly owing to bacterial infection followed by sporadic effects of fungal infection. Antibiotics and obnoxious chemical being the conventional approach to restrict the disease out breaks have alarmed the risk of anti- microbial resistance (AMR) and ecologically detrimental effects. As an alternative to these harmful materials herbal medicament has centre stage across the globe. Present study was attempted to evaluate potential antimicrobial properties of selected solvent extracts of T. arjuna against 17 bacterial strain of different biological origin and 1 fungus. The study revealed that ethanolic extract of arjun bark has maximum efficacy against Edwardsiella Tarda strain (ELML-3), with a zone of inhibition 20.83±0.10 and fruit extract of arjuna showed 19.5±0.06 mm as compared to other solvent extracts. Solvent extracts showed bacterial strain specific efficacy which indicate the presence of a particular antimicrobials in respective solvent extract. Antifungal activity against Aphanomyces invadans also revealed the maximum efficacy for ethanolic extracts of arjuna leaf and bark with a zone of inhibition of 10± 0.36mm and 13± 0.53mm, respectively. Thus, present experiment suggests antimicrobial properties of solvent extracts: ethanolic bark; methanolic bark and fruit; and acetone fraction of bark extracts at 5 and 10 mg/ml whereas ethanolic bark and leaf extracts indicated antifungal activity against, Aphanomyces invadans at 10 mg/ml concentration of corresponding extracts.

Keywords: Anti-microbial Resistance, Terminalia arjuna, Ethno-medicinal, OTC sensitive and resistance

(203) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 66

ASSESSING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN ICTHYO DIVERSITY IN A PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT IN TROPICAL RESERVOIR

Thankam Theresa Paul1*, Rani Palaniswamy1, Deepa Sudheesan1, Manoharan S1, Usha Unnithan1, U K Sarkar1 and B K Das1

1Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, India Corresponding author mail id: [email protected]

Reservoir management in tropical protected areas in India is mainly conservation based. The study conducted in Peechi reservoir in India during 2016-2018 indicated the importance of participatory mode of management in reservoirs where in the involvement of fishers and local facilities in conservation strategies should be prioritized. The study involved the assessment of ichthyo-diversity and physico-chemical variables of aquatic system and socio- economics of the reservoir fishers. Fish samples for ichthyo-diversity analysis were collected from landing centers of Peechi reservoir, whereas socioeconomics were conducted involving all the active fishers of the reservoir. The ichthyo-diversity studies identified 15 species belonging to 9 families and 7 genera in the reservoir. SIMPER analysis using PRIMER 6.0 was done across seasons to ascertain the season wise relative contribution of various indigenous species to the diversity of the reservoir and it was indicated that Salmostoma novacula was the major species contributing to the diversity in terms of abundance in the reservoir. Socio-economics of the reservoir fishers identified that the monthly relative contribution of the species to the fishers income of the reservoir was just Rs. 103, which calls for better management measure of the reservoir with respect to supporting the livelihood aspect of the reservoir. Analysis on the income and revenue of the fishers identify that fishers have adopted a self-imposed fishery ban in the reservoir during post monsoon and pre- monsoon so as to enable the enhancement of Salmostoma based fishery to provide adequate economical support to the reservoir fishers during monsoon season. Studies suggested an enclosed based culture system using indigenous fishes of the reservoir such as Etroplus

(204) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences suratensis during the period to support the livelihood of the fishers and thus a participatory mode of culture supported conservative management may be incorporated in this reservoir.

Keywords: Reservoir management, Protected area, Income-revenue analysis, Participatory approach.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 67

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PARASITES IN LABIO ROHITA OF GOMTI RIVER AT LUCKNOW

Dhananjay Yadav, Pradeep Kumar, Abhishek K. Gupta, Km. Reshu, Neeshma Jaiswal*, S. K. Malhotra#

*Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar, University, Lucknow- 226025, U.P., India. #Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad- 211002, U.P., India. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Labeo rohita (Rohu) is a fish of family Cyprinidae found in fresh water bodies. It is used as game fish and one of the staple food sources for human. The fish supplies a huge amount of protein necessary for a nourished and balanced diet. Any type of damage or parasitic infections can lead to micro or macronutrient deterioration in fish tissues or organs. Ultimately, the infections in fish can cause severe damage to fish and decrease fish production leading to a huge economic loss. The most prevalent and disastrous form of infections occur due to negative parasitic interactions. Hence, it is necessary to isolate and identify the fish parasites; so that proper strategies should be implemented for finding a solution to eradicate parasites in the form of treatment could be provided to improve the fish production. In the present study, samples of fish were collected from Gomti River by local fishermen and isolation of parasites was done by scraping and swabbing the intestine, eye, liver and gills. The isolates were cultured on nutrient agar plates. After gram’s staining, several biochemical tests were

(205) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations performed for the identification of parasites e.g. methyl red, voges Proskauer test, and anti- oxidant enzyme assay like catalase, oxidase etc. were conducted.

Keywords: Labeo rohita, Gomti River, Parasites, Anti-oxidant.

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 68

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF LEMON GRASS EXTRACT ON BACTERIAL POPULATION INHABITING CERTAIN FRESH WATER FISHES

Rashmi Srivastava*, Dhananjay Yadav* and Neeshma Jaiswal*

*Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar, University, Lucknow- 226025, U.P., India. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Lemon grass is one of the most fascinating plants of the genus Cymbopogon with definitive medicinal and nutritive value. Additionally, this plant group is also well-known as an important insect repellent and equally exhibit anti-microbial properties. The present study was conducted to uncover the anti-bacterial properties of lemon grass in some economically important fresh water fish infected with bacterial pathogen. The crude extracts of lemon grass were utilized for exposure at different concentrations on bacterial isolates collected from infected fish and comparative analysis was performed to check for the microbial growth on culture media. The observations clearly indicated a restricted growth on the lemon grass extract treated culture plates which were later confirmed by some anti-oxidant assays and bacterial staining used for classifying these micro-organisms. The study is intended to generate relevant information regarding the antibacterial properties of lemon grass extract on fish which will ultimately help in formulation of strategies to set up bioremedial measures to avoid negative biological interactions and enhance the overall fish productivity.

Keyword: Lemon grass, Anti-bacterial activity, Fresh water fish, Anti-oxidants.

(206) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 69

IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION AND HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN LABEO ROHITA FROM RAMGANGA, MORADABAD U. P. INDIA

Qaisur Rahman and Ishrat Azeem*

Vinodabhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand Radhika Senior Secondary School Gorakhpur Up Email: [email protected]

Heavy metals are natural trace components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have been increased due to industrial wastes, geochemical structure, agricultural and mining activities. . Metal pollution may damage aquatic organisms (either fresh or marine water) at the small extent, cellular levels and possibly affect ecological balance. The assessment of heavy metals concentration in ramganga, Moradbad vis-à-vis their bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations in Labeo rohita were carried out. Labeo rohita, which is of commercial importance in Mordabad, is one of the fish that are normally caught from Ramganga dam for human consumption. That is why this study aimed to conduct the assessment of heavy metals concentration in Ramganga, Moradabad. The water of the dam and the liver of the fish were analyzed for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) concentrations and their bioaccumulation factors. The results revealed that concentrations of the metals differs significantly (p < 0.05) between the dam’s water and the liver of the sampled fish. Liver bioaccumulations of the metals were in the order of Zn > Fe > Cd > Pb.

Key words: Bioaccumulation, Heavy metal, Histopathological, Labeo rohita..

(207) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 70

OBSERVATION OF GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF GIANT FRESH WATER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII UNDER POLY-HOUSE CONDITIONS IN JAMMU, INDIA

Nipoon Sharma* and Seema Langer

P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, B.R. Ambedkar Road, Jammu (J&K), India, 180006 Email: [email protected]

The application of greenhouse/poly-house technology in the growth and survival of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Jammu was the aspect under observation in the present study. The experimental setup for observation of prawn survival and growth consisted of fish ponds covered by dome-shaped poly-houses for solar heating in the laboratory complex of Post Graduate Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K (32o 43´ Latitude, 74o 52´ Longitude and 309 meters above mean sea level) where climatic conditions vary from hot and humid summers (May to September) to extremely cold winters (November to February). The ideal temperature range for M. rosenbergii culture lies between 20-32°C. Earlier giant freshwater prawn culture practices in Jammu were carried out in stipulated period of 5-6 months of summers when temperature remains optimum. However, 100% mortalities were observed in winters when temperature showed a dip below 15°C. The introduction of poly-house cover over the culture ponds maintained the temperature in optimum range as compared to open air ponds and thus the culture period could be extended over winters, which otherwise was not possible under natural conditions. Benefits of application of poly-house technology were also reflected in terms of increase in survival as well as growth of prawns in poly-house ponds as compared to open ponds.

Key words: Survival and growth, Poly-house culture, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Jammu.

(208) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 71

ROLE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Niharika Agrawal and Sunil P.Trivedi*

Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India *Email: [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]

The constant increase in food demand and commercialization has led to the use of more advanced techniques and rigorous practices to scale up production in aquaculture. Further, pollution resulting from industrialization in developing countries has severe deteriorating effects on the health of fishes. This resulted in an increase in certain microbial and viral infections. To curb these infections various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics were being used; but for recent years their use has been strongly criticized as they have several ill effects on fish health as well as on environment viz., bioaccumulation, resistance against pathogens and toxicity. This led to the introduction of non-toxic and environment-friendly dietary compounds that improve the inbuilt immune defense mechanism of fishes with no or least side effects. Such compounds are well known as immunostimulants and are obtained from natural sources such as plants, bacteria, algae, etc. The present study focuses on the role of certain immunostimulants such as prebiotics, probiotics, polysaccharides, herbs, etc., which prove to be more promising in the field of aquaculture.

Keywords: Immunostimulants, Aquaculture; Fish health; Immune defense mechanism.

(209) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 72

STUDY AND CHARACTERISATION OF MICROENVIRONMENT OF PRAWN CULTURE TANKS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN PRODUCTIVITY

Arup Kumar Mitra*, Srijan Das, Tirthankar Saha, Saundarya Biswas, Debarpita Datta, Snigdha Sau, Sneha Das

Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata *Corresponding Author email: [email protected]

Prawn culture is a rapidly growing method of cultivation and income throughout the world which is further catalyzed by its increasing market demands. So productivity should be high. Experiments were performed to study the microbial environment of the water and soil samples in which the prawns are cultivated. The motto being understanding the role of microenvironment in the rate of production. The microbes can be both pathogenic and probiotic to the aquaculture. Eight major genus of bacteria were isolated and they were correlated with the productivity of culture tanks. The study revealed the presence of probiotic bacteria like Streptococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus. Thus a suitable microenvironment for better productivity can be deduced.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Probiotic, Microenvironment, Productivity

(210) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 73

AUTOPHAGY: A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR REPAIR, DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN FISHES

Shefalee Singh, Manoj Kumar and Sunil P. Trivedi*

1Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India (*corresponding author) Email: [email protected]

Autophagy is a cellular degradation mechanism through which eukaryotic cells sustain health by forming autophagosomes and recycling intracellular substances. This process is very essential for cell survival, growth, differentiation, development and homeostasis. In the past few years, our understanding has significantly improved by various studies on yeast and mammalian autophagy and its relationship with human health and diseases. However, our understanding of autophagy in fish cells is limited. Some progress has been made in recent studies in investigating the induction of autophagy in fish cells, the expression and regulation of genes related to autophagy, and the role of autophagy in pathogen infected cells. In particular, genetically modified zebrafish and zebrafish cell lines have been designed as a demand model to investigate the role of autophagy in developmental regulation, resistance to pathogen infection, lipid degradation and other physiological and pathological responses in fish. Understanding fish autophagy can help in preventing and curing diseases by allowing the manipulation of autophagy levels in cells to improve fish health.

Keywords: Autophagy, Autophagosomes, Cellular degradation, Homeostasis.

(211) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 74

SCREENING OF OSMOTOLERANT MICRO ORGANISMS IN THE DRIED SALTED FISH SOLD IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Mary Kensa V. M. Anju.

Department of Botany and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil – 629002, Kanyakumari District, M.S University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. India. Email: [email protected]

Fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein available in the tropics and has been widely accepted as a good source of protein and other elements for the maintenance of healthy body. Salting and drying is an ancient and simple method to preserve fish and in India about 17% of the total catch is being used for salting and drying. The present investigation was aimed to analyse the presence of osmotolerant microbes in the dry fishes. The commercially important marine edible salted dry fishes were collected from the study area Pallam. Four common edible dry fishes like (Nethili, Sardines, Ribbon fish and Prawn) were selected for the screening of microbial population. The highest TFC value was reported in Sardine and Ribbon fish (5´103) than the other fishes like Netthili and Prawn (4´103 and 2´103). The moisture content was higher (45%) in Prawn followed by Ribbon fish (40%), Sardines (29%), Netthili (26%). In this study, Prawn had high moisture content (45%) and high microbial load (5.3´104 cfu/g). Total five fungal species were isolated from the selected dried fishes. The result of isolation of human pathogens such as Salmonella and Vibrio identified from the selected dry fish samples. The nutritive value of raw fish in found to be good. The sensory characteristics such as colour, odor, texture, insect infestation showed that the Sardine and Prawn was good in quality, while the netthili had decreased the quality. The study showed that salted and sundried fishes sold in study area are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and fungal agents. Spoilage of dried fish products was found and this might be due to unhygienic handling of the fisher folks, improper processing and unhygienic vendors and vending areas.

Keywords: Fishes, Infestation, Marketing, Sundried and vendors.

(212) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 75

ZOOPLANKTONIC DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN TWO NEARBY POND ECOSYSTEMS OF LOWER SHIWALIKS, INDIA

Sarbjeet Kour, Nidhi Sharma* and Supreet Kour

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) *Email: [email protected]

In an attempt to enlist the type of zooplanktonic diversity, presently two nearby located ponds lying between 32.62Ú N latitude and 74.87Ú E longitude were studied in the Jammu region. Five different freshwater zooplankton groups were recorded viz. Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, Protozoa, and Ostracoda in these ponds. However, the diversity type varied between these ponds. In pond I, 27 species of rotifers, 5 species of cladocerans, 4 species of copepods and 7 protozoan species were enlisted. While in pond II, 18 rotifer species, 9 species of cladocerans, 2 copepod species, 8 species of protozoans and 1 ostracod species have been enlisted. Among Rotifers, family Brachionidae was dominant in the pond I with 13 recorded species, while in pond II, family Lecanidae with 6 representative species were found to be dominant. Among cladocerans, family Daphnidae and Chydoridae showed evenness of species in the pond I, while in pond II, family Chydoridae was dominant followed by family Daphnidae. The representative of family Moinidae showed existence only in pond II. Within-group Copepoda, the family Cyclopidae comprising of 4 species was dominant in the pond I as compared to pond II in which only 1 species was reported. Likewise in group Protozoa, among all the reported 5 families, genera Stentor sp. was reported only in pond I. Ostracods were reported only in pond II. Effect of various factors both biotic and abiotic have been worked out to be responsible for such differential distribution of zooplankton among these pond ecosystems. The positive correlation of Hexarthra mira, a rotifer species, and Ostracoda Onchocypris sp. with turbidity has also been recorded presently.

Keywords: Zooplankton, Diversity, Freshwater, Abiotic, Biotic.

(213) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 76

PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY OF A TROPICAL RESERVOIR IN CAUVERY RIVER SYSTEM

Jesna P. K1., Sibina Mol. S1., Ramya V. L1., Ajoy Saha1, Preetha Panikkar1, U. K. Sarkar2, Das B. K.2

1. Research Centre of ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore-560089 2. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata-700120 Email id of corresponding author: [email protected]

Stanley reservoir (11°49’N) with a water spread area of 15,346 ha at Full Reservoir Level, constructed across the River Cauvery is the largest reservoir in Tamil Nadu. This is a productive reservoir which receives urban sewage and industrial effluents throughout the year. The assessment of phytoplankton in the reservoir during 2017-18 recorded a total of 35 species belonging to 32 genera. Simpson’s diversity index shows that the diversity of phytoplankton (0.106) is lowest during post-monsoon and highest in pre-monsoon (0.384). The Shannon Wiener index representing the diversity as well as species richness was estimated to be highest (1.129) for pre-monsoon and lowest (0.258) for the post-monsoon season. The lowest diversity in post-monsoon may be attributed to the abundance of blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa during the season.

Keywords: Plankton diversity, Reservoir, Stanley, Cauvery river.

(214) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 77

APOPTOSIS IN FISH AND ITS INDUCERS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

Shikha Dwivedi and Sunil P.Trivedi*

Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India (*corresponding author) Email ID: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Apoptosis (programmed cell death or cellular suicide) is a well-controlled and biochemical process in maintaining development, growth, and homeostasis of the cell and plays significant roles in the development of immune system and cytotoxicity in multicellular organisms. In contrary to necrosis (traumatic cell death), apoptosis is a highly regulated and vital physiological process characterized mainly by cytoplasmic shrinkage, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, membrane blebbing, mRNA decay and formation of apoptotic bodies, which are eliminated via phagocytosis. Fish models are convenient in understanding the key components of apoptotic machinery tantamount to higher vertebrates. Aquatic species are more prone to various environmental stresses and highly fluctuating environments; this is the reason to reveal features of the apoptotic mechanism in fish. Hence, in order to provide a broader understanding on stable growth arrest in fish, chemicals, and apoptosis, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial alterations, extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and expression of p53 gene are discussed in this chapter.

Keywords: Environmental toxicants, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Apoptosis, Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, Fish.

(215) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 78

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ORDER SERPENTES IN AND AROUND LAKE AREA OF SELECTED BENGALURU URBAN LAKES AND SURALIHALLA, AGUMBE, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Roy U. B., Chandan B. S.*

Department of Post Graduate Studies in Zoology, Government Science College, Nrupathunga Road, K. R. Circle, Bengaluru-560 001, Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected], [email protected]*.

Bengaluru city is a center of urbanization in Karnataka. Most of the anthropogenic activity is disturbing the habitat of flora and fauna. The present study is aimed to document locally occurring species of snakes around the lakes along with Western Ghats snakes survey from February to May 2019. A total of 17 species of snakes belonging to 05 families were recorded. Due to anthropogenic pressures, the number of snakes is decreasing very sharply. For the conservation of snakes in Bengaluru, the need to conserve the habitats and public awareness regarding the importance of snake to keep the ecosystem in a balanced condition is essential.

Keywords: Snakes, Checklist, Species Richness, Bengaluru Urban Lakes, Western Ghats.

(216) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 79

EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF SEA BUCKTHORN LEAF MEAL ON THE GROWTH, IMMUNOCOMPETENCE TRAITS AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF COLOURED CHICKEN

Vaishali Gupta, Amitav Bhattacharyya, and Pankaj Kumar Shukla

College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura Email: [email protected]

One hundred and twenty-day old straight run coloured chicken were distributed into four dietary treatments: T1-basal diet, T2-T1+0.5% Sea buckthorn leaf meal (SBTLM), T3- T1+1% SBTLM, T4- T1+1.5% SBTLM, having three replicates each. There was no significant difference in the growth and biochemical attributes among the treatment groups.

However, humoral immune response to 1% SRBC (log2 titre) and cell-mediated immune response to PHA-P was significantly better (P<0.05) in T2 compared to other treatment groups. Thus, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.5% SBTLM elicited a better immune response in coloured chicken.

Keywords: Sea buckthorn, Chicken, Feed, Growth, Immunity.

(217) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 80

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON IMPAIRMENT OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN A TELEOSTAN FISH, HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH)

Anil Kumar Prabhakar

Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, 824234 Email: [email protected]

In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of an organophosphate pesticide, Metasystox on different haematological parameters in an air breathing siluroid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Treatment of sublethal concentration (4.50ppm) of Metasystox for 96hrs caused significant decrease in RBC counts, Hb content and PCV as compared to control. The total leucocyte counts (TLC) showed rising trend in lower concentration of Metasystox as compared to control but higher concentrations presented an opposite trend i.e decrease in TLC. However, Lymphocytes and Monocytes showed significant increase in their percentage in Metasystox treated animals. The effects were dose dependent.

Key words: Haematological parameters, Metasystox, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).

(218) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 81 FISH SPECIES DIVERSITY IN CHANDIL DAM (RESERVOIR), SARAIKELA - KHARSAWAN JHARKHAND, INDIA

S. R. Pal

Department of Zoology, S.P. Inter College, Khasmahal, Jharkhand Email: [email protected]

Study on Fish Species Diversity of Chandil Dam (Reservoir) (lies approximately on 22Ú 5815 N to 86Ú 0120 E) was carried out in 2008-2009 and in 2014 – 2015. It has been constructed on the river Subernarekha (Since 1971 onward), a holi river of this region, near Chandil, a semi urban area of the Sariekela – Kharsawan district, Jharkhand, India. The fishes of the reservoir were collected with the help of the fisherman fishing in the reservoir year round, in each season. A total of 60 species of fishes belonging 31 genera under 18 families and 09 orders were recorded .The fishes are identified with the help of standard literatures. The fishes found in the reservoir are mostly used to prepare fish-curry by the local people and oftenly supplied to local fish markets of the semi urban and urban areas of the region and other adjacent areas of the state. Many of the fish species recorded during the study period are Vulnerable (e.g. Gudusia chapra (Ham.), 1822, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas), 1767, Barilius bola (Ham.), 1822, Chela labuca (Ham.), 1822, Cirrhinus reba(Ham.),1822,Garra gotyla gotyla(Gray),1832-33,Labeo calbasu (Ham.), 1822 ,Rita rita (Ham.), 1822, Bagarius bagarius (Ham.), 1822, Clarias batrachus (Linn.), 1785, Heteropneustus fossilis (Bloch.), 1785, Channa orientalis (Bloch &Schn.), 1801, Endangered (e.g.Amphipnous cuchia , Symbranchus bengalensis (Mc Clelland), 1845, Ompok biamaculatus (Bloch) 1797 etc.), Rare (e.g. Mystus mukherjeei (Ganguli & Dutta ), 1975, Glyptothorax telehitta (Ham.), 1822 and Endemic (i.e,Garra satyendranathi (Ganguli & Dutta), 1973.

Keyword: Fish diversity, Chandil Dam (Reservoir), Vulnerable, Rare, Endangered, Endemic.

(219) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 82

ALTERATION IN HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FRESH WATER CAT FISH PANGASIUS PANGASIUS IN DIFFERENT WATER pH

Manveer Singh Kandari1 and J. V. S. Rauthan2

Deppt. Of Zoology, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology Dehradun.1 Deptt. Of Zoology DAV(PG) College,Dehradun2 Email: [email protected]

Present study was design to record the haematological parameters of Pangasius pangasius in different water pH environment.The experimental sets were having different water pH viz., pH 4.50, (experiment-I), 5.00 (experiment-II), 6.00 (experiment-III), 8.00 (control,experiment-IV), 9.5 (Experiment-V).The experiment was conducted for a period of 10 days. Non significant decline in RBCs, Hb, PCV, and MCHC was recorded in experiment-I, II, III and V, but MCV and ESR level increased non significantly while TLC level increased singnificantly (P< 0.001) when compared with control.The data was statistically analyzed by graphped prism5 at different significant level (P<0.05, P<0.01,P<0.001).

Key words: Pangasius pangasius, ESR, PCV, MCHC,TLC

(220) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP - Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology – 83

MOULTING PATTERN OF FRESHWATER CRABS MAYDELLIATHELPHUSA MASONIANA AND HIMALAYAPOTAMON EMPHYSETUM

Kuldeep K. Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Seema Langer

Animal Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) Email: [email protected]

Presently, 20 crabs of M. masoniana (4 Juveniles, 4 sub adult males, 4 sub adult females, 4 adult males and 4 adult females) having size from 2-3 cm CW to 5-6 cm CW and 20 crabs of H. emphysetum (4 Juveniles, 4 sub adult males, 4 sub adult females, 4 adult males and 4 adult females) belonging to range 2-3cm CW to 4-5 cm CW were collected. In M. masoniana, out of 20 crabs, only five were moulted (2 Juveniles, 1 sub adult females and 2 sub adult males), 8 did not exhibit any sign of moulting while 7 died in laboratory. In H. emphysetum on other hand, 6 crabs were moulted (2 Juveniles, 3 sub adult males and 1 sub adult females), 8 did not show moulting whereas 6 died in the laboratory conditions. The crabs having hard exoskeleton were initially fed with fishes muscles, molluscs, algae and detritus regularly, After 3-4 days they cease to feed, indicating that the crab may undergo moulting at any time. Both the species of crab observed to exhibit similar signs of moulting and did not show any remarkable difference. The different morphological changes that could be recorded are:

(a) The exoskeleton becoming light yellow in colour.

(b) Appearance of double line in pereiopods indicated the separation of old cuticle from new one, formed beneath it.

(c) The old carapace becoming completely light yellow in colour and breaking along the postero-lateral margin on dorsal side, anterolateral border on the ventral side and posterior border of the chelipeds and legs.

(221) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

(d) At last new pre-exuvial soft layer is formed below the old carapace and the crabs of this stage came out from the old case leaving the skeleton almost intact.

Key words: Moulting, Freshwater crabs, Exoskeleton.

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 84

MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY STUDY IN RAWASAN STREAM, CENTRAL HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND INDIAN

Koshal Kumar

Department of Zoology, H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University), BGR Campus Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India-246001 Email id: [email protected]

Present study was conducted in an important tributary of River Ganga in Pauri Garhwal District. Geographically, the Rawasan stream is bounded by 29º55’33.82'’N and 78º26’42.41'’E having an elevation of 2,664.04 feet and an eye altitude 13,320.21 feet. In Rawasan stream a detailed limnological study in relation to Benthic life was carried out from January 2017 to December 2018. Six study sites were selected for the collection of samples. The physico-chemical parameter’s and population density of macrozoobenthic fauna were determined. The data obtained on various Physico-chemical parameters and macrozoobenthic invertebrates showed site-specific fluctuation. The stream Rawasan receiving all sorts of household and animal waste materials from the catchment had the highest conductivity. A total of 35 taxa of macrozoobenthos were recorded. The nature of substratum has an important role in determining the macro invertebrate diversity of stream. The population consists of 35 genera belongs to 8 orders in which generally include Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera etc. Moreover, Benthic fauna shows fairly good association with the Physico-chemical parameters. Significant changes in the Benthic fauna are due to the change in water quality, also acted as an indicator of water pollution and should be used as bioindicators in long-term river monitoring.

Key words: Macroinvertebrates, limnological, Rawasan stream, Central Himalaya.

(222) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 85

DIVERSITY OF BENTHIC BIOTA OF HIGH ALTITUDE GLACIER FED STREAM BALKHILA FROM GARHWAL HIMALAYA

Mohd. Tariq and C. B. Kotnala

Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), BGR Campus Pauri Garhwal-246001 Email id: [email protected]

The paper deals with the study of benthic biota of Balkhila stream which is important tributary of Alaknanda river. The river rises from Lal Mati glacier and flows in a general direction towards South-East to merge with Alaknanda river at Chamoli. The Balkhila basin lies in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand bounded by Uttarkashi in North-West, Rudraprayag in West, Bageshwar in South-East and Pithoragarh in the East. It has a total stretch of 22.7 km extending from 30o to 30o N latitude and 79o to 79o E longitude. This stream is glacier fed and located at high altitude. Extensive field visit was made on monthly basis to collect the samples from different spots. In the present study it was found that various macro-invertebrates varies in their number throughout the year. Among various genera of macro-invertebrates Psephenus, Stenopsyche and cinygmula were dominant. A total of 11 genera of macro-invertbrates were identified at both the sampling spots. All the genera 132593′′ found were dominant at first sampling spot. Diversity of benthic biota was also correlated with dissolved oxygen.

Keywords: Diversity, Benthic biota, Glacier fed stream, Balkhila.

(223) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 86

INSIGHT INTO THE GROWTH PROMOTING AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS FOR SUSTAINABLE CULTURE OF INDIAN MAJOR CARPS

Sonal Saluja and Anita Bhatnagar

Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India) Email: [email protected], [email protected]

The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of different medicinal plants/herb such as Mentha piperita, Zingiber officinale, Allivum sativum and Ocimum sanctum as dietary supplement on growth performance, immunomodulatory potential for Indian major carp fingerlings. Four dietary experiments were performed; in first experiment, fingerlings were fed on diets supplemented with M. piperita at different incorporation levels being P1 (2g Kg-1), P2 (4g Kg-1), P3 (6g Kg-1), P4 (8g Kg-1) of feed for 90 days while feed CP served as control in which no peppermint was supplemented. In second experiment, fingerlings diet was supplemented with Z. officinale at different levels such as G1 (1g Kg-1), G2 (5g Kg-1), G3 (10g Kg-1), G4 (15g Kg-1) while diet CG served as control in which no ginger was supplemented. In third experiment, fish fingerlings diet was supplemented with A. sativum at different levels such as A1 (10g Kg-1), A2 (20g Kg-1), A3 (30g Kg-1) while feed CA served as control in which no garlic was supplemented. In fourth experiment, fish fingerlings were fed on diets supplemented with O. sanctum at different levels such as O1 (10g Kg-1), O2 (20g Kg-1), O3 (30g Kg-1) while feed CO served as control in which no tulsi was supplemented. Growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters were monitored. Significantly (P<0.05) high growth in reference to low FCR and significantly (P<0.05) high immunity in terms of phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity and serum bactericidal activity were observed in fingerlings fed with supplemented diets P3, G3, A3 and O3 in respective experiments which clearly revealed that dietary administration of plant extracts at optimum level can upgrade not only the growth performance, but also immunity

(224) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences and has potential to replace the prohibited use of chemotherapeutics and antibiotics leading to ecofriendly and sustainable aquaculture.

Key words: Antibiotics, Bactericidal, Herb, Immunostimulation, Phagocytic.

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 87

CASE STUDIES ON FISHERIES RECORDED IN HALDIA BLOCK (WEST BENGAL) AIDING IN RURAL LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISH FARMERS

Suman Kumar Sahu1*

10, Birangana Block, Sahid Kshudiram Nagar, PO- Hatiberia, PS- Haldia, Dist- Purba Medinipur, Pin 721657, West Bengal *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

The present case study is based on the field survey in different villages of Haldia Block of Purba Medinipur District of West Bengal. The survey investigation indicated that integrated fishery management practices related to proper resource utilization, species diversification with indigenous & new fish species introduction i.e. Amur Common Carp, Pengba, Milkfish, Pabda, GIFT Tilapia rearing as per scientific recommendations have helped in long-term rural livelihood improvement for the fish farmers.

Keywords: Fish farmer, Haldia, Rural livelihood.

(225) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 88

STUDY OF CULTIVABLE AND NON- CULTIVABLE GUT MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF CYPRINUS CARPIO, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS FROM POLLUTED SITE OF YAMUNA RIVER NEAR WAZIRABAD, DELHI

Meghali Bharti, Ram Krishan Negi*

Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North campus, Delhi-110007 Email: [email protected]

The fish gut microbiome plays an important role in nutrition, digestion, growth, reproduction, and immunity of host fish species; therefore knowledge of the microbial community of fish gut is important for aquaculture practice. In the present study, fish samples were collected from the polluted site of Yamuna River near Wazirabad, Delhi to analyse the diversity of microbial community in the fish gut. For this, gut content was removed aseptically from fish species Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus and bacterial diversity were studied by cultivable and non-cultivable approach. The abundance of members belonging to Kleibsella, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Microbacterium, Rhizobium, Kocuria, Providencia, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Shigella genera were abundant and these are pathogenic which indicates poor health of the fish. Among these, many bacterial isolates also showed multiple antibiotic resistance which is a serious health concern. These results suggested that the composition of gut microbiome in fishes reflects microbial diversity present in their native habitation, poor health of fish and also indicates host-specific selective pressure within gut.

Keywords: Fish gut, Microbial diversity, Microbial community, Yamuna river.

(226) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 89

TOXIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM CLORIDE (CdCl2) ON THE BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FRESH WATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA.

Sruthi Gopinathan and S. BinuKumari

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]

The character of the environment is degenerating due to the accumulation of several pollutants either direct or in indirect way, which at last causes several unwanted effects on organisms in general and particularly on human beings. The heavy metal cadmium chloride is one of the important aquatic toxic pollutants. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to assess the effect of cadmium chloride on biochemical parameters in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissue of Labeorohita. The fish Labeorohita was exposed to lethal concentration (0.0100μg/L) of cadmium chloride for different hours (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) and at the end of each exposure period, the level of protein, lipid and carbohydrate were analyzed in selected tissues. A significant decrease was noticed in all the biochemical parameters studied in treated gill, liver, kidney and muscles tissues groups when compared to the control.

Keywords: Cadmium Chloride, Labeorohita, Biochemical parameters, Gill, Liver, Kidney and Muscle.

(227) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 90

IMPACT OF PETROCHEMICAL EFFLUENT ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE FRESH WATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA

S. BinuKumari

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]

The histopathological study of tissues can be very useful in making a diagnosis and in determining the severity and progression of a disease. Histopathological analysis has been tested and proposed as an effluent and sensitive tool to monitor the fish health and environmental pollution in natural water bodies. Aquatic pollutants directly or indirectly enter to the body of aquatic animals and effect different parts of their body and effect vital physiological mechanism. One of the great advantage of histopathological biomarkers in environmental monitoring is that category of biomarkers allows examine specific target organs gills, kidney, and liver that are responsible for vital functions, such as respiration, excretion and the accumulation and biotransformation of xenobiotics in the fish. The acute and chronic toxicity of petrochemical effluent to Labeorohita was investigated with the lethal concentration

(LC50) value 1.6 mg/l for 96 hrs exposure. The concentration was used as a baseline to study the effect of petrochemical effluent on histopathological changes in gills of fish. In the gills filament cell proliferation cellular infiltration. The fresh water fish,Labeorohita was th selected as the test animals. 1/10 of 96 hrs LC50 0.16 mg/l was taken as sublethal concentration of petrochemical effluent. After the stipulated period of short and long term exposure period fishes were sacrificed and gill was isolated and used for histopathological studies.

Keywords: Petrochemical effluent, Labeorohita, Histopathology, Gill

(228) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 91

IMPACT OF TANNERY EFFLUENT ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES AND DNA DAMAGE IN THE FRESH WATER FISH, CATLA CATLA

M. Mohan Kumar and S. BinuKumari

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]

Haematological parameters have been recognized as a valuable tool for monitoring fish health. The present investigation wascarried out the effect of tannery effluent on haematological parameters in fresh water fish, Catlacatla using standard method. The tannery effluent has the potential to cause developmental effects in fish. Blood offers important profile to study the toxicological impact on animal tissues. Hematology is used as an index of fish health status under different stress conditions on exposure to pollutants. Blood parameters are considered as patho physiological indicators of the whole body and important in diagnosing the structural and functional status of fish exposed tannery effluent .The DNA damage was determined by the length of comet tail. The haematological parameters of the fish was studied due to the effect of acute exposure to tannery effluent. Fishes exposed to lethal concentration of tannery effluent for different duration revealed that the tannery effluent causes alterations in various blood parameters. The exposure of Catlacatla to sublethalconcentrationof tannery effluent significantly decreased Hb, RBC, MCV, MCHC values leading to anemia when compared to control as well as significant increase DNA damage to erythrocytes through comet assay.

Keywords: Tannery effluent, Haematological parameters,Catlacatla, Comet assay.

(229) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 92

SALINITY INFILTRATION ON THE SOILS OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP FARMING AREAS OF CONTAI, PURBA MEDINIPUR, WEST BENGAL WITH REFERENCE TO CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY

Pritiranjan Maiti1*, Amiya Kumar Panda2 and Sudipta Kumar Ghorai3

1&2: Deptt. of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, WB, India 3: Coastal Ecology Research Laboratory, Egra SSB College, WB, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

The coastal region of the Bay of Bengal of Contai subdivision under Purba Medinipur district is enriched with different crops which are ecologically very significant. But to meet the demand of developed countries and for quick economic benefit, the present trend is to convertthe cultivable agricultural lands of coastal zone into shrimp farming areas.Coastal lowlands have been converting into shrimp farms, comprising mainly salt flats, mangrove areas, marshes, and agricultural lands.But due to shrimp farming, salt from the ponds can easily ooze ground water and onto agricultural lands. It has long lasting effects by changing the hydrology that provides the foundation of wetland ecosystems. Shrimp farming has been associated with a number of negative environmental and social impacts which hinder the sustainable development of this blooming sector. Vannamei shrimp farming have had a devastating effect on indigenous biodiversity. This also includes deterioration of soil and water quality, depletion of mangrove forest, decrease in population of native fish and shellfish species among others. The mangroves are vital for wildlife and coastal fisheries, and serve as buffers to the effects of storms. Their loss has destabilized coastal zones; with negative effects on coastal communities.There have also been some socio-economic consequences on the livelihood patterns of local people. At this stage, a more sustainable and integrated approach that accounts for environmental integrity and social cohesion is needed away from the current shrimp farming practices.

Keywords: Vannamei shrimp farming, Salinity infiltration, Socioeconomic uncertainties, Biodiversity loss

(230) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Fish, Fisheries, and Limnology - 93

POPULATION DYNAMICS AND HELMINTH TRANSMISSION OF ZOONOTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN GANGETIC RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS

Neeshma Jaiswal

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, U.P., India Email: [email protected]

The transmission of an infectious agents from animal to a human being initiates a series of events that contributes to zoonosis. Fish pathogens are important as health hazard to man and animals and are a handicap to fish production. Fish are vulnerable to most types of infectious organisms which affect mammals. In countries where fish farming is well developed, workers report health problems with viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and protozoan infections. Beside fish there are some common cyclopoid hosts that provide impacts for development of tapeworms to trigger pathogenic interactions. The evidence of this has been gathered in the present study to demonstrate the development of larval Protocephalus ritae and their zoonotic significance. Distribution of plerocercoids infection in Sciaena coitor was significant on the Poisson series (P <0.001). The seasonal pattern of distribution of larvae was also recorded. The correlation of rising influence of water temperature, declining affect of acidity (Y-Y= -24.5) as well as conductivity(Y-Y=-109.77) in July resulted in disappearance of infection in fresh water fishes. The report of human infestation of adult tapeworm in a women was recorded at high altitude (750mASL) in India. Experimental establishment of metacercariae in rodent subjects have been illustrated.

Keywords: Fish pathogens, Protocephalus rita, Plerocercoids infection, Tapeworm.

(231) (232) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

(233) (234) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 01

GROWTH PROMOTING POTENTIAL OF A PROBIOTIC BACTERIUM BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON THE FRESHWATER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII POST-LARVAE, AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF GUT MICROFLORA USING 16S RRNA

P. Saravana Bhavan, D. Anitha, M. Karthik, R. Udayasuriyan, R. Kalpana and T. Manjula

Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641046, Tamil Nadu E-mail: [email protected]

This work emphasized the growth of the commercially important freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae on formulated diets supplemented with a probiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis at five different serially diluted concentrations (10-1, 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 and 10-9). After 90 days of feeding trial 10-7 (CFU, 2.76x10-7) dilution produced appreciable survival rate, growth and nutritional value in terms of total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid due to maintenance of good intestinal health in M. rosenbergii, because of B. subtilis supplementation, which were evident from the elevated activities of digestive enzymes, protease, amylase and lipase. Presence of B. subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Streptococcus pyrogenes in the gut of M. rosenbergii fed with B. subtlis supplemented diet have been identified through 16S rRNA analysis. The sequences of these bacteria have been authenticated with NCBI database. The presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus spp., in the control have competitively been excluded in B. subtilis supplemented feed fed experimental prawns.

Keywords: M. rosenbergii, B. subtilis, Growth, Protein, 16S rRNA

(235) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 02 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MALARIAL VECTOR, ANOPHELES STEPHENSI (LISTON) AND CONTROL USING BACTERIAL PESTICIDE, SPINOSAD AND MEDICINAL PLANT MORINGA OLEIFERALAM (INSECT: DIPTERAL: CULICIDAE)

P. Thiyagarajan

Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu, India, Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Objective: To show the effect of temperature on the biology of Culex quinquefasciatus and also to show the effect of the bacterial pesticide, spinosad on developmental stages of the filarial vector. Methods: A laboratory colony of mosquito larvae was used for the larvicidal activity of temperature and spinosad and Moringa oleiferalam. Twenty-five numbers of first, second, third, fourth instar larvae were introduced into the 500 mL glass beaker containing 250 mL of de-chlorinated water with desired temperatures (16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, 32 °C, 36 °C), similarly spinosad, at different concentrations. The development was observed for every 24 h.

Results: The results showed that the rise in temperature acts as a growth inhibiting factor for mosquitoes. and no development was found in the temperature below 16 °C and above 36 °C. The hatchability was increased as the temperature was increased up to 32 °C, after which eclosion rates dropped gradually.

Conclusions: 32 °C was obtained as the maximum sustainable temperature and after which the developmental rate was gradually reduced. The optimal temperature for development was lower than the temperatures at which development was quickest. Medium lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated using the observed mortality. The bacterial pesticide spinosad and Moringa oleiferalam showed that it is an effective mosquito control agent and can be used for further integrated pest management programmes.

Keywords: Anopheles stephensi, Spinosad Moringa oleiferalam, Larval toxicity, Pupal toxicity (236) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 03

EFFICACY OF PLANTS MOLECULES MYRICETIN AND CARBAZOLE ON FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OVINE GRANULOSA CELLS

S. Nandi1*, Sampath Kumar B2, PSP Gupta1, S Mondal1

1ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore-560030 2Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore Campus, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024 Email: [email protected]

Ethno-Veterinary practices have been in used for many years for disease alleviation and augmentation of reproductive efficiency leading to the transfer of knowledge to the farming sector. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of carbazole and Myricetin, potent plant molecules of Murraya koenigii and Moringa olifera respectively on functional parameters of granulosa cells, the important somatic cells present in the ovary. The granulosa cells retrieved from abattoir derived ovine ovaries were treated with the plant molecules at the concentration of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 μM and the functional parameters (viability, growth rates, monolayer formation rate, apoptosis) were evaluated. Both plant molecules have the efficiency to improve the granulosa cell functions in dose dependant manner, however, at the maximum dose the functional parameters reached the plateau. The investigation of the optimum dose of these plant molecules on cellular growth improvement, steroidogenesis and regulatory pathways of key developmental gene expression are in progress.

Keywords: Carbazole, Myricetin, Granulosa cells, Growth.

(237) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 04

THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST GLYPHOSATE INDUCED GRANULOSA CELLS APOPTOSIS IN CAPRINE ANTRAL FOLLICLES

Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj* and Meenu Mittal

Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119. Haryana, India *E-mail: [email protected]

The present study reveals the efficacies of GLP, a herbicide and reproductive toxicant, on follicular granulosa cells with mitigating effects of Vitamin C and E in dose and time dependent manner. Results revealed that GLP induced cytological alterations at cellular and subcellular level, enhanced DNA fragmentation symbolizing apoptosis mediated genotoxicity, increased oxidative stress with significant decline in antioxidant enzyme activity level, and led to decline in Bcl2 and enhanced Bax expression in treated GCs. However, Vitamins C and E significantly counteracted glyphosate toxicity, diminishing GC’s apoptosis; thereby, preventing follicular atresia and associated female fertility problems.

Keywords: Apoptosis, Granulosa cells, Glyphosate, Vitamin C and E, DNA Fragmentation

(238) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 05

EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE FROM CARICA PAPAYA SEEDS AND ITS ROLE IN ANTIFERTILITY

Lakshman J1, Reddy Prasad P2, Ismail M3 and Changamma C*

Dept. of Zoology, S.V.University, Tirupati-517502,A.P., India. 2Department of Chemistry, S.V.University, Tirupati-517502, A.P., India. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

The therapeutic properties of plant extracts have far more to offer in future as a novel discovery. The uses of phytochemicals as major bioactive compounds with multidimensional benefits are gaining momentum. Carica Papaya Linn is well known for its nutritional and medicinal values throughout the world. Since past few decades medicinal applications of papaya are well considered by research community and used for treatment of various diseases. Till date only few studies have been conducted on the phytochemical composition of papaya seed. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine bioactive compounds of the papaya seeds which will help to explore potential use in pharmaceutical industries.The present investigation was initiated to analyze the potential antifertility properties of different bioactive fractions of the Carica Papaya seed extract. The results of GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of vitamins, terpenes, terpenoids, alkaloids, lactones, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, amides, ethers and fatty acids in Carica Papaya seed. The results showed that there are total 75 different compounds including Benzylisothicyanate (38.9%), L-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (12.27%), Limonene (8.57%), cis-methyl- dihydrojasmonate (6.02%), 1-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl acetate (5.27%), n- Hexyl-salicylate (4.64%), Linalool (4.60%), Lilial (4.43%),á-Hexylcinnamaldehyde (4.40%), 2-Tert-butylcyclohexanol (3.41%), 1,2-Dimethylpropyl acetate (3.36%), (E)- 12-musk decenone (3.31%), Oxacyclohexadec-(13E)-en-2-one (2.48%) etc. The identification of compounds present in each test solution was performed by comparing the spectrum of test solution with the spectrum of known components stored in the NIST library

(239) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations and ascertained. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) or carpain are thought to be the bioactive compounds in these extracts responsible for the antifertility effect.

Keywords: Carica Papaya seed, Bioactive Compounds, Benzyl isothiocyanate, Antifertility.

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 06

EVALUATION OF KETAMINE AND KETOFOL ANESTHESIA IN DOGS UNDERGOING OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY

Kalaiselvan, E., M. Hoque*, S .K. Maiti and Rohit Kumar

Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar-243122 (UP) Email: [email protected]

In this study twelve female dogs for elective ovariohysterectomy were randomized for administration of ketamine (group A) and ketofol 1:1 (group B) at the dose rate of 300 ìg per kg per minute during maintenance premedicated with atropine-dexmedetomidine and butorphanol. Physiological and haemodynamic observations were recorded at 0 min and 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 min. There was a significant change in physiological, haemodynamic observations. Dose of induction of group B (3.7±1.57 mg/kg) is lower than group A (5.47±1.02 mg/kg) and quality of recovery is smooth in group B than group A. It is reported that addition of ketamine in propofol as a 1:1 mixture of ketofol reduces the need of propofol for induction. Both ketamine and ketofol as a CRI-TIVA maintains stable basic vital functions during anaesthesia. Despite there is significant edge over advantage of ketofol in physiological observations as compared to ketamine in terms of maintaining vital functions merely baseline and clinically acceptable range, recovery time and recovery quality. In addition administration of oxygen indicated for both the groups due to decreased oxygen saturation of haemoglobin.Hence it is concluded that ketofol 1:1 having advantages while using CRI than ketamine alone.

Keywords: Ketamine, Propofol, Ketofol, Constant rate infusion, Dogs, Anesthesis, Ovariohysterectomy. (240) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 07

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI

Manojkumar Z. Chopda, Pinjari N.A., Patil A.S., Khare V.V., B. D. Talele And Namrata G. Mahajan

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Email: [email protected]

Syzygium cumini has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini was evaluated. The prepared Jamun Juice Residue (JJR), Jamun Pulp Filtrate (JPF) and Jamun Pulp Residue (JPR) were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract JJR, JPF and JPR of Syzygium cumini have been evaluated for their In vitro anti-inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Syzygium cumini, Anti-inflammatory.

(241) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 08

SEDIMENT ENZYME ACTIVITIES VARIED WITH GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION, SEASON AND NATURE OF FLOODPLAIN WETLANDS IN LOWER GANGETIC BASIN

Md. Aftabuddin*, M. A. Hassan, Mishal P., U. K. Sarkar and B.K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata – 700120, India * E. mail: [email protected]

Sediment enzymes are involved in the decomposition of organic matter of both plant and animal origin and recycling of nutrients required for primary production, thereby maintaining health of wetlands. Sediment enzymes associated with nutrient cycling and wetland health may be affected by wetland location, nutrient input, as well as management intervention. Activities of enzymes namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, â glucosidase and dehydrogenase and sediment organic matter and moisture were assessed in sediment of four wetlands of West Bengal, two wetlands from North Bengal (Coochbehar) in Teesta- Torsa basin and two wetlands from middle West Bengal (Murshidabad) in Ganges basin during monsoon, winter and summer of 2017-18. With respect to location of wetlands, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase activities is higher in wetlands of middle Bengal (MB) than North Bengal (NB) while â glucosidase showed opposite trends. In all the wetlands the activities of all enzymes except acid phosphatase and organic matter in sediment were higher during winter than monsoon and summer. The study revealed higher acid phophatase than alkaline phosphatase activities in studied beels and difference between the two enzymes were higher in NB than MB beels. Sewage fed wetland Bishnupur showed higher dehydrogenase and lower acid phosphatase and glucosidase and organic matter than other three natural wetlands.

Keywords: Sediment enzymes, floodplain wetlands, season, Gangetic basin

(242) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 09

IDENTIFICATION OF SPIDERS BY DNA BAR CODING FROM AURANGABAD REGION

Nagawanshi M*and Khedkar G**

*Department of Zoology, Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India **Paul Herbert Centre for DNA Bar Coding and Biodiversity, Dr. BAM University Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected]

Assigning and reassigning the genera of biological species by DNA BAR Code using mitochondrial COI gene sequence has became a modern taxonomic identification tool. This technique is useful in differentiating specimen at genus, species and subspecies level and fixing the taxa. 171 spider species from Aurangabad region have been assigned by DNA BAR Code. Data is used in analyzing Species Diversity distributions, Sequence composition and nucleotide frequency distribution of the spider species.

Keywords: DNA BAR coding, Spiders, Aurangabad, India

(243) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 10

CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOTIC STUDIES OF BIOSYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES EXTRACTED FROM THE CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA

Arshika Srivastava1, Sankranthi Sumhitha, Sweta Kumari, and S. Rajashekara*

Centre for Applied Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Off Mysuru Road, Bengaluru 560 056, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesis using plants is an alternative to conventional physio-chemical methods due to its simplicity, eco-friendliness and extensive antimicrobial activity. In accordance with the green chemistry principles, the use of plant extracts as reagent for nanoparticle synthesis has been highlighted. In present work, biosynthesis of ZnONPs from the methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis gigantea L. using zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution as a precursor was experimented for its cytotoxic and apoptotic activity on the MDAMB-231 cell lines obtained from the stock cells-ATCC. Apoptotic analysis was done by treating the cells suspended in RPMI medium by 80 and 160 μg/ml of ZnONPs samples and then with Annexin V to induce apoptosis. The treatment of cells at the concentrations of 80μg/ml and 160μg/mL of ZnONPs had shown G2M arrest from 9.09% (Control) to 11.91% and 7.56% respectively. S phase arrest was found to be 11.17% and 27.21% at concentrations 80μg/mL and 160μg/mL of ZnONPs respectively in MDAMB-231 cells. The increase in cell death with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles signifies that the ZnONPs was effective. The samples of ZnONPs showed

IC50 value of 139.4 μg/ml. The 80 μg/ml and 160 μg/ml treatment of ZnONPs samples had induced early and late apoptosis in MDAMB-231 with 8.17 %, 5.98 % and 20.36 %, 23.36 % apoptotic cells respectively. The biosynthesized ZnONPs can potentially alter the apoptotic protein expression and trigger apoptosis in MDAMB-231 cells. The elucidation of ZnONPs applications leading to metal ion reduction in the different classes of human

(244) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences breast cancer cell lines is necessary to develop a rational nanoparticle synthesis procedure. Nanotechnological techniques can potentially be used to improve the cytotoxic properties and to control their apoptotic expression. An extension of the procedures to enable reliable synthesis of nanoparticles could increase their efficiency of these cell lines.

Keywords: Apoptotic, Cytotoxic, Green chemistry, Zinc oxide nanoparticles.

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 11

ANTIOXIDANTAND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEED EXTRACTS

*Kavitha, K., 1Jayanthi, J. and 2Ragunathan, M. G.

Guru Nanak College, Velachery, Chennai – 600 045. 1 Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak College, Velachery, Chennai – 600 045. 2 Guru Nanak College, Velachery, Chennai – 600 045 Email: [email protected]

In recent years, herbal plants have been got more attention due to their diverse presence of phytochemicals and its biological properties. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major worldwide problems primarily caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection. End-stage liver cancer treatment options are limited, thus requiring expensive liver transplantation which is not available in many countries. In the present study, the Mucuna pruriens seed extract was analyzed for phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, total phenols, and total flavonoids content. The seed extract was further analyzed for its anticancer activity by culturing liver cancer cell line. The above protocols were done by standard methods. The seed extract of M. pruriens revealed more number of phytochemicals in different organic solvents. 1,1- Diphenyl- 2- picrylhydrozyl scavenging activity of plant extract was more in ethanol extract (98.051±0.547) among all other solvents. The total phenols and flavonoids content in ethanol extract were 46.442±0.353 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 2.254±0.647 mg - quercetin equivalent /g, respectively. IC50 value of 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis of Hep-2 cell line was 150 (ìg/ml). The present study

(245) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations revealed about the phytochemical contents and antioxidant potential of M. pruriens seeds. Further, the MTT analysis proved that the seed extract was effective against cancer cells and also used to treat many diseases.

Keywords: Mucuna pruriens, Antioxidant, Anticancer.

OP - – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 12

INVESTIGATION OF PROTEIN, ASCORBIC ACID, DNA AND RNA IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF LAMELLIDENS MARGINALLIS FROM GIRNA RESERVOIR IN NASIK DISTRICT, INDIA

Rahane Balasaheb1 and Bhalla Resham2

1. Department of Zoology, Swami Muktanand College of Science, Yeola, District Nashik MS, India. 1. Department of Zoology, LVH Arts, Science & Commerce College, Panchavati, Nashik-3 MS, India. Email: [email protected], [email protected]

The present study investigates the effect of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd on the total protein, ascorbic acid, DNA and RNA content from different body tissues of bivalve species, Lamellidens marginalis collected seasonally (summer, monsoon and winter seasons) from Girna reservoir of Nasik district during November 2010 to October 2011. The results revealed the lowest protein, ascorbic acid, DNA and RNA concentrations in different soft body tissues of bivalves sampled during summer season from Girna reservoir might be due to bivalves were exposed to higher concentration of heavy metals in summer than winter and monsoon seasons and the water of Girna reservoir is polluted, hence the bivalves are under stress due to environmental pollution.

Key Words: Heavy metals, total proteins, ascorbic acid, DNA, RNA, freshwater bivalves.

(246) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 13

SEX SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE IN DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO EMBRYOS IS OXIDATIVE STATUS DEPENDANT

Ramesh Kumar G, Ashish Mishra*, Arindam Dhali and Ippala Janardhan Reddy

Animal Physiology Division ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Adugodi, Bangalore- 560 030, India * Email: [email protected]

Reactive oxygen species generated during in vitro embryos production affects the developmental potential of embryos, but it is not known whether this developmental potential is related to particular sex of embryos or not? To find an answer, whether modulation of oxidative status of culture system has any effect on developmental potential of particular sex of embryos, the present study was undertaken to determine the sex ratio of sheep embryos produced in vitro at different oxygen (20 vs 5%) concentration that creates difference in oxidative status of culture system. Sex of the embryos were determined by PCR based amplification of sex specific genes present in genomic DNA of embryos. Majority of the embryos produced at both the oxygen concentrations were biased towards male but 5% O2 produced more female embryos as compared to male. Sex specific differences in relative expression level of genes responsible for developmental potential concluded that female embryos are more stressed than male in vitro but low oxygen tension improved developmental potential of female embryos.

Keywords: In vitro embryo; Sheep, Sex ratio, Oxygen

(247) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 14

GENEALOGICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE INDIAN MAJOR CARPS REVEALED EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE AND STRONG POPULATION STRUCTURE

Bijay Kumar Behera*, Ajaya Kumar Rout, Prasenjit Paria, Asim Kumar Jana, Basanta Kumar Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India-700120 Email: [email protected]

The comparative population structure, genetic diversity and historical demographics of IMCs, L. rohita, L. catla, C. mrigala were characterized by analyzing partial 307bp sequences of Cytochrome b gene of 357 individuals collected from seven geographically isolated sites from Indian River basins and two culture zones. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the genetic diversity of IMCs is to be very low (9.40%) within the species, as compared to among the three species (80.76%). The Fst scores ranged between 0.000 to 0.996 indicating low to high genetic structure of IMCs. The study will helpful in formulating the strategies maintaining of germplasm for biodiversity conservation in the natural inland aquatic ecosystems and genetic improvement for aquaculture production enhancement.

Keywords: Indian major carps, Cyt b, mtDNA, Population structure, Genetic differentiation

(248) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 15

MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF SESQUITERPENES AS HIV-1 ENTRY INHIBITORS TARGETING GP41 POCKET

Swapna Gurrapu1 and Estari Mamidala2*

1,2 Infectious Diseases Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana State, India Email: [email protected], *[email protected]

Gp41 and its conserved hydrophobic groove on the NHR region is one of the attractive targets in the design of HIV-1 entry inhibitory agents. This hydrophobic pocket is very critical for the progression of HIV and host cell fusion. Our molecular docking have identified one such herbal molecule sesquiterpenes that may bind HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors Targeting gp41 with high affinity to cause non-competitive inhibition. Results are also compared with other US FDA approved drugs. Docking study suggest that the ligand cyclozonarone has high binding energy (-9.48) compare to other sesquiterpenes ligands -9.43, -9.26, -8.54, -9.28, -7.46, -7.29, -8.13, -8.61, -7.28, -7.29 respectively and ligand sesquiterpenes has strong binding interactions with GLN, ASN amino acids, all of which belong to one or the other catalytic pockets of HIV-1gp 41. It is expected that these binding energy and binding interaction could be critical in the inhibitory activity of the HIV-1 gp41. Therefore, this study provides an evidence for consideration of cyclozonarone as a valuable natural molecule in the treatment and prevention of HIV- 1 Entry Inhibitors targeting gp41.

Key Words: Sesquiterpenes, Cyclozonarone, Gp41, HIV-1

(249) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 16

STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC MICROORGANISM FROM DYPSIS LUTESCENS (ARECA PALM) ORNAMENTAL PLANT

Durriya Ali and Sharangouda J. Patil

Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Garden City University, Bengaluru-560049 Email: [email protected]

Endophytes are majorly endosymbiotic microorganisms living inside plant tissue causing no harm to the plant as of now reported. Most endophytes appear to originate from the rhizosphere or phyllosphere. Therefore, the opportunity to find new and beneficial endophytic microorganisms among the diversity of plants in different ecosystems is considerable. Along with the production of novel chemicals, many endophytes have shown a natural capacity for xenobiotic degradation or may act as vectors to introduce degradative traits. The study has been concentrated on an ornamental palm plant part of Dypsis lutescens or areca palm. Some of these isolated strains were able to produce the enzyme protease, catalase and trytophanase. The results also showed that endophytes could grow in the presence of minimal salt concentrated salt media. Novel new strains were identified and characterized by using 16sRNA and 18sRNA by molecular biology PCR tools.

Key Words: Endophytes, Dypsis lutescens, Xenobiotic, 16sRNA & 18sRNA

(250) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 17

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF JUICE AND SEEDS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI

Namrata G. Mahajan, Khadape A. A., Kedare N. R., B. D. Talele and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding author: [email protected]

Helminth infections are among the most common infections in man. Syzygium cumini has number of traditional uses; however anthelmintic action is not explored. In the present study, anthelmintic activity of seeds of Syzygium cumini was evaluated. For the anthelmintic activity of hydroalcholic extract of juice and seeds of Syzygium cumini, Eudrillus eugeniae were selected due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal round worm parasites. The high concentration of the hydroalcholic extract of juice and seeds at (40 mg/ ml) produced paralysis within 38.6 ± 2.71 min respectively; which was very less to 10 mg/ ml albendazole (197.3 ± 14.26 min). The hydroalcoholic extracts of Syzygium cumini had significant paralytic and anthelmintic effect over albendazole at the concentrations tested and the results may be concluded that the alkaloids are responsible for the anthelmintic activity.

Key words: Anthelmintic, Syzygium cumini, Alkaloids

(251) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 18

HEAVY METALS BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS AND ITS IMPACT ON HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF A FRESHWATER CRAB, BARYTELPHUSA CUNICULARIS [WESTWOOD]

Atul R. Chourpagar and Rumana Shaikh

*Department of Zoology, Dadapatil Rajale Arts and Science College, Adinathnagar, Tal. Pathardi, Dist. Ahmednagar. Department of Zoology, Pemraj Sarda College, Ahmednagar Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Crabs could be employed as biomarker indicator for environmental contamination, in particular with long term monitoring, and with trace levels of pollutants. Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissues of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi Site [Jaikwadi Dam] near Aurangabad. In order to determine the metal accumulating ability of this species, concentration of mercury (Hg++) in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. In the experiment crab the percentage of bioconcentration factors of mercury in the range of 2002.9 to 14664.7 in the ovary and 2810 to 6900 in the spermatheca after 5 and 10 days of exposure. The concentration of mercury was highest in ovary and lowest in spermatheca. Histopathological alterations in ovary and spermatheca were also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary and spermatheca tissue Distortation of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization in the lumen, damages of spermathecal wall, sperm mass evenly distributed in the spermatheca of crab th was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration [24 h of LC50: 1/5 0.208 ppm] of mercuric chloride exposure.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Bioconcentration factor [BCF], Mercury, Histology, Ovary, Spermatheca, Barytelphusa cunicularis.

(252) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 19

INDOXACARB INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA CONTENT IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF FRESHWATER BIVALVE, PARREYSIA CYLINDRICA

A.G. Patil

Department of Zoology, Shri V. S. Naik Arts, Commerce and Science College, Raver, Dist- Jalgaon-425508 (M.S.), India Corresponding Author: [email protected]

In the present investigation impact of pesticide indoxacarb on DNA contents in the freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica was studied. DNA contents in mantle, foot, gills, digestive gland and whole soft body tissue of freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica were estimated after acute and chronic exposures to sublethal concentrations of indoxacarb. There was significant decrease in DNA content in mantle, foot, gills, digestive glands and whole body tissue of Parreysia cylindrica after acute and chronic exposure to pesticide indoxacarb. The depletion was maximum in digestive glands than in mantle, foot, gills and whole body tissue. It might be due to depletion of some nuclear DNA or damage of mitochondria and their DNA.

Key words: Indoxacarb, DNA, Bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica.

(253) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 20

POTENT HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY PUNICALAGIN, A NOVEL TANNIN COMPONENT ISOLATED FROM TERMINALIA CHEBULA RITZ

Estari Mamidala1 and Swapna Gurrapu2

1,2 Infectious Diseases Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009 Telangana State. Email: [email protected]

Introduction: Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a viral enzyme and one of the main targets for drugs against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to evaluate punicalagin, a novel tannin component isolated from Terminalia chebula Ritz against HIV- 1 Reverse Transcriptase.

Methods: The crude extracts were prepared from dried seeds of Terminalia chebula in methanol by maceration method and isolated a novel tannin component by using column chromatography and HPLC. In vitro HIV-1 RT inhibition activity was determined by HIV- 1 RT capture elisa test.

Results: Isolated compound was identified as tannin, punicalagin, a novel compound. The anti-HIV activity was tested with PBMC and punicalagin showed HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity and it was more effective than standard drug AZT. In PBMC cells, at 100

μM, punicalagin inhibited >91% of HIV-1 RT with IC50 88.32 μM. The positive control (AZT) inhibited >87% of HIV-1 RT.

Conclusion: Such studies will provide the solid biological foundation for translational research, which is needed to evaluate the in vivo activity of a Punicalagin, novel tannin component.

Key Words: HIV-1, Punicalagin, Tannin, Terminalia chebula

(254) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 21

CHICKEN CESTODE (RAILLIETINA TETRAGONA) AS A NOVEL SOURCE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NANO FIBRE AND NANOPARTICLES

Padmavathi Sriram and Sunila Kumari

Department of Zoology, Osmania University College for Women, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500095 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

In nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nano membranes, nanofibers, nanorods, are frequently used in almost every walk of life, ranging from, industrial, biological, pharmacological and biomedical fields. Metals, and heavy metals, are commonly used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which are frequently used in many biological and medical applications. Though they are extensively used, they have deleterious effects upon human body. In this regard, a number of plant based nanoparticles and other nano products, are being synthesized. Apart from plant materials, there are insatnces, where in microorganism, such as bacteria, fungi yeast are also used to synthesize nano products. These are very much eco friendly and also less expensive to metal nanoparticles. It is quite evident that nanoparticles, synthesized from a natural source are more appealing as they are both eco friendly and inexpensive. Based upon these conclusions, we hypothesize that nanoparticles and nano fibre can also be produced from natural and some sort of a novel source i.e., an intestinal parasite, which is often considered as a waste, or as an intruder or infestation of human/chicken intestines. This discarded piece of parasitic life may be an appropriate and cheaper alternative source for the production of nano products. In the present study we have for the first time, attempted to synthesize nano particles and nano fiber using an intestinal parasite Raillietina tetragona as a potential source. These particles may be referred to as para/bio nano particles, as they originate from a parasite, or from a living animal source, Raillietina tetragona is a common, cestode, found in chicken intestines. The parasite measuring approximately 15cm in length, was carefully removed from the intestine of chicken was suitably stored at room temperature,

(255) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations and later processed for the synthesis of nano particle and nano fiber. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the method of acid hydrolysis and nanofiber was prepared using electro spinning technique. The nanofibre which was synthesized, was hydrophilic in nature, and measured about 6cm x 3cm in size. This study, strongly suggests that wealth can be reaped out of waste. These processed para nano materials are cost effective, eco friendly and hence may be suggested to be used frequently in biological and medical applications.

Key words: Nanoparticle, Nanofiber, Raillietina tetragona, Electro spinning, Chicken cestode.

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 22

EFFECT OF BRYOPHYTE EXTRACT AS ANTHELMINTIC AND ITS IMPACT UPON GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF ASCARIDIA GALLI, HELMINTH PARASITE OF CHICKEN

Yennamaneni Sunila Kumari * and Padmavathi Sriram

Department of Zoology, University College for Women, (O.U.), Koti, Hyderabad Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

In view of public concern over perceivable drug residues in animal products, the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistant strains of nematodes, there is an urgent need for development of sustainable alternatives to conventional anthelmintics. The aqueous extract of Bryophyte, Pottia lanceolata was investigated for anthelmintic activity, using gastrointestinal helminth of most economic significance in poultry, Ascaridia galli were collected from naturally infected chicken. Significant anthelmintic activity was observed at the concentration of 20 mg/ml. The present study confirms that an effective natural anthelmintic could be developed using bryophyte extract. To know the effectiveness of herbal drug to target the parasite genome, studying the gene expression patterns before and after the drug administration by mRNA sequencing using Illumina NGS services will be of great value to ascertain potential therapeutic targets and dose rate of anthelmintic and to check drug

(256) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences resistance. The transcriptome analysis, has shown that approximately 2092 genes have been expressed in the chicken nematode samples. The gene expression pattern, of the control and bryophyte treated nematodes of chicken, show a significant up regulation, down regulation of certain specific genes, which play a major role in the apoptosis, cuticle damage, neuronal destruction, suppression of mRNA synthesis and also inhibition of major signaling pathways.

Keywords: Bryophyte, Herbal Anthelmintic, Nematode, Gene expression.

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 23

DOES GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND COLD-STRESS IMPAIR PROTEIN OXIDATIVE CHANGES IN DEVELOPING BRAIN TISSUES?

Rizwan Sharief1, Mahaboob Basha P1* And Shabana Begum2

1Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore- 560056, India 2Maharanis Cluster University, Bangalore-560 001, India *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Gestational diabetes is unique because of the diversity of problems that can affect the embryo/ fetus beginning with conception. The aim of this study was to assess impact of combined stressors on early and long-term offspring outcomes of maternal diabetes during pregnancy on developing brain upon exposure to cold stress as foetal hypoinsulinemia with reduced number of insulin receptors on target cells leading to a reduction in foetal glucose uptake and the growth of foetal protein mass and foetal protein synthesis. The levels of protein thiol, protein carbonyl, and lipid peroxidation were estimated in discrete brain regions, highlight the synergistic effects of stressors due to increased generation of free radicals. Cold stress found to exacerbate the free radical production in diabetic subjects and impose a higher rate of protein oxidative changes in neuronal tissues.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Cold stress, Developing the brain, Free radicals, Protein oxidation, Synergistic effects. (257) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 24

EFFECT OF (“)- EPICATECHIN BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI IN D-GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATITIS IN RATS: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN OLD AGE RATS

B. Shanmugam 1,2, K. R. Shanmugam 1*, G. Venkata Subbaiah2 , K. Sathyavelu Reddy 2

1Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502, India. 2 Department of Zoology, T.R.R. Government Degree College, Kandukur, A.P Email: [email protected]

The current study was designed to explore the antioxidant effect of (“)-epicatechin a bioactive compound of Phyllanthus niruri in D-Galactosamine induced hepatitis in old age rats. Animals were pre-treated with 50mg/Kg/bw a dose of (“)-epicatechin for 21 days and hepatitis was induced at the end of the two consequential days of treatment period by D-Galactosamine. The hepatic antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and MDA and serum markers AST, ALT, ALP are estimated. All the antioxidant enzymes activities are depleted in hepatitic rats. Whereas ALP, AST, ALT activities and MDA levels are upregulated in hepatitis rats. Our results showed that (“)-epicatechin pre-treatment effectively reduced the D-Galactosamine induced hepatitis associated to enhance the antioxidant enzymes activities. However in addition, we observed down regulation of serum AST, ALT, ALP. Furthermore gene expression studies also proves that (“)-epicatechin supplementation decreased the tissue damage in hepatitis condition. This is the first report on the antioxidant enzymes and hepatoprotective effect of (“)- epicatechin in hepatitis in old rats. From this study, we conclude that (“)-epicatechin treatment decreased the oxidative damage in hepatitis rats.

Keywords: (“)-Epicatechin, Hepatitis, D-GalN, Antioxidants enzymes, Liver biomarkers

(258) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 25

EVALUATION OF IDEAL MEDIAN LETHAL

CONCENTRATION (LC50) OF A BIOFERTILIZER IN AN INDIAN AIR-BREATHING FISH, CHANNA GACHUA (HAM.)

Dina Nath Pandit and Sushama Kumari

Department of Zoology Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah – 802 301, Bihar, India Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

This is first report on estimation, determination, confirmation, toxicity status and safe level of a biofertilizer (mustard oil cake) in Channa gachua (Ham.). The work was conducted during 2018 by the use of static renewal method. In this work, 24hr-LC50 value from Lorke and Enegide et al. method was estimated 14142.16 and 15000.0 mg/L respectively. A range of 96hr-LC50 value of 4258.3 to 4600.0mg/L was calculated from Up-and-Down method and used as to find and rough estimation of LC50 dose. After that Behren-Karber or regression analysis method and Finney probit method used to determine the 96hr-LC50 value and the respective value was found 4900.0, 5344.0 and 5012.0mg/L. Finally, Reed-

Muench method used to confirm 96hr-LC50 dose by various cross checks and median ideal lethal dose was found 4933.0mg/L. Range of tabulated safe level indicates that it is difficult to decide the acceptable concentration of mustard oil cake in Channa gachua based on the present study. However, on the basis of standard toxicity range, mustard oil cake may be treated as a substance of slightly toxic or practically non-toxic to Channa gachua. The work will help in deciding the optimum does of a biofertilizer as well as its safe level and toxicity status for higher yield of this fish.

Keywords: LC50, Biofertilizer, Channa gachua, various methods.

(259) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 26

MALATHION INDUCED LEUKEMIA: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS

Gurushankara H. P. , Shilpa O, Anet Antony, Anupama K. P.

Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod-671 320, India Email:[email protected]

Leukemia is the most common cancer in children below the age of 15 years. The etiology of childhood leukemia remains unexplained. Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and its potential exposure to humans is unavoidable. Epidemiological studies have reported that parental exposure to malathion before conception, in utero and direct exposure during childhood may influence the leukemogenesis. But, the specific mechanism triggering the induction of leukemia by malathion exposure is unknown. Our lab has been working on molecular mechanisms in which malathion exposure induces leukemia. The results have revealed that excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of antioxidants in the cell following the exposure to malathion induces oxidative DNA damage, in the form of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs constitute the molecular event in formation of chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal translocations and deletions are key molecular events eventually results in the deregulation of crucial cellular proteins, those encoded by proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which are critical functional regulators of the cell and their genetic alteration playing an important role in the onset of haematological malignancy. Gene expression profiling and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies have evidences malathion exposure induce leukemia. From this, it can be considered that malathion exposure represents a potential etiological driver in the risk of leukemia.

Keywords: Malathion, Cellular proteins, In situ hybridization, Haematological malignancy.

(260) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

(261) (262) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 01

FISH SPECIES IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DNA BARCODING: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTION

2 1 Rajkumar Jena1, Ajaya Kumar Rout and Bhaskar Behera *

1Department ofBiosciences & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, India 2ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]*

DNA barcoding is a promising method for taxonomic proof of identity, classification and discovery of new species, facilitating biodiversity studies. It can help researchers to appreciate genetic and evolution through the collection of molecular, morphological and distributional data. Fish DNA barcoding, created on the sequencing of a uniform area of COI gene, has received significant attention as an accurate tool for species identification, authentication, and phylogenetic analysis. The aim of this review article was to investigate recent global status, methods and future direction of DNA barcoding in fisheries sectors. We have tried to highpoint its possible influences, problems and validation disputes at species levels for biodiversity study.

Keywords: Biodiversity, DNA Barcoding, Cytochrome C Oxidase type I, Molecular Biology, Phylogenetic study

(263) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 02 NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF MALE FRESHWATER FISH NOTOPTERUS NOTOPTERUS

Ravikiran1 and R.S Kulkarni2

Department Of Entomology, Uas (GKVK), Bangallore-560065. Department Of Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburgi-585106. Email: [email protected]

Nucleic acid content in different tissues in the male freshwater fish N. notopterus were studied during 2011-12,2012-13,2013-14 for 3 years Pre-spawning phase of the reproductive cycle. The fishes were scarified and the tissues such as brain, liver, kidney and the gonads (testis) removed and processed for the determination of nucleic acids. The present results showing testis has higher in comparison to other tissues testis>liver>brain>kidney. Nucleic acid contents gradually increased from Pre-spawning to spawning phase in most of the tissues. The increase may be because of increasing gonadal activity for spermatogesis in male fish.

Keywords: Notopterus notopterus, fish DNA, RNA, male fish.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 03 DNA BARCODING OF ORNAMENTAL FISHES OF GENUS PUNTIUS FROM JAMMU REGION OF J&K, INDIA

Arif, M ð ., and Gandotra, R.,

Animal cytogentics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, J&K, INDIA *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]

DNA Barcoding is a taxonomic technique that uses little genetic markers in organisms’ mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) for identification of particular species. It uses sequence variety in a 658-base pair fragment near the 52 end of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase

(264) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences subunit 1 (CO1) gene as a tool for species identification. DNA barcoding is more accurate and reliable method as compared with the morphological identification. It is equally useful in juveniles as well as adult stages of fishes. The present study was conducted to identify two ornamental fish species of Jammu (Puntius ticto and Puntius conchonius) genetically. Both of them belonged to family cyprinidae. CO1 gene was amplified. PCR products were sequenced and interpreted by bioinformatic software MEGA 7. Conspecific, congenric, and k2P nucleotide divergence was estimated. From these results, it was concluded that the gene sequence, CO1, may serve as landmark for the identification of allied species at molecular level. The study strongly validated the competence of COI as an ideal marker for DNA barcoding of fishes.

Keywords: DNA Barcoding, Barilius, COI

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 04 BACTERIOPHAGE GRCS DEMONSTRATE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MASTITIS ASSOCIATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES

Devi Sravani Katragadda and Raju Sunagar

Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Hyderabad-500067 E-mail: [email protected]

Mastitis is one of the most common and burdensome diseases afflicting dairy animals. Among other causes of mastitis, staphylococci are frequently associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Due to the extensive upsurge in antimicrobial resistance the treatment of S. aureus infections with antibiotics is becoming increasingly challenging for clinicians. In the present study the ability of phage GRCS to treat bovine mastitis clinical S. aureus isolates was evaluated. Antimicrobial activity of phage GRCS demonstrated that 76% of S. aureus isolates tested were susceptible to phage infection. Further, phage GRCS endolysin and depolymerases were identified, cloned from phage genome, the purified proteins were subjected for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus isolates.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Phage GRCS, Endolysin, Depolymerase

(265) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 05

INVESTIGATING SALT STRESS TOLERANT GENES: DE NOVO TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING OF SALT TOLERANT BACTERIUM STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP. ISOLATED FROM COASTAL PART OF INDIA

Priyanka Das1*, Bijay Kumar Behera1, Soumendranath Chatterjee2, Basanta Kumar Das1, and Trilochan Mohapatra3

ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 3Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi Email: [email protected]

Salt stress tolerant genes were identified from the marine bacterium Staphylococcus sp. through transcriptome sequencing from the eastern coastal part of India tolerating upto 15% NaCl stress. Transcriptome analyses produced 9370 and 7513 transcripts for control and treated, respectively. 67 salt stress tolerant genes were identified. A total of 605 (control) and 593 (treated) transcript contigs were measured entirely as novel transcript. The structure and function of six salt genes have been analysed to recognize and clone the salt tolerant genes and support in developing the salt stress tolerant plant as well as fish varieties to expand the soil productivity.

Keywords: Salt stress tolerant bacteria, transcriptome sequencing, salt tolerant genes

(266) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 06

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON POTENTIAL PPAR-Ã AGONIST FROM PRENYLATEDGUAIANES

Pujala Shivakrishna and Estari Mamidala

Infectious Diseases Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana State, India Email: [email protected]

The rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rising to epidemic proportions in India and worldwide. Anti-T2DM lead prioritization was performed on a set of known compounds from PrenylatedGuaianes.The Docking experiments were done using Autodock software for seven compounds docking with PPAR-gamma.In the present study, three compounds [Dolabellane (-11.17), Xeniane (-10.39), Dictyol C (-9.72)] indicated the high binding score. Dolabellane was found to be a lead with a better docking score. The residues of PPAR-gamma were might play an important role in binding with these compounds. The results showed that there is scope for the improvement of the activity of Dolabellane analogs to discover a potent anti-T2DM compound docking, PPAR, PrenylatedGuaianes, Diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: PPAR, Prenylated Guaianes, Diabetes mellitus

(267) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 07 RAPD ANALYSIS FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED POPULATIONS OF FRESHWATER PRAWN, MACROBRACHIUM DAYANUM (HENDERSON, 1893) FROM JAMMU REGION, INDIA

Raman Jasrotia* and Seema Langer

Animal Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu (180006) *Email: [email protected]

Prawns are decapod crustaceans which constitute a major share in the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. They are economically important as they have high protein content. In Jammu division of J&K state, Macrobrachium dayanum (Himalayan prawn) is an easily available shell fish in streams. Significant decline in their population has been recorded due to changes in their natural environment which can be attributed to a number of factors, predominantly being the anthropogenic activities. Genetic diversity is crucial for the long term survival of the species as it provides the raw material for adoption and evolution. Also, prawn and shrimp farming requires suitable candidates which can withstand captive conditions, has higher genetic diversity and genetic variability to adapt to different environments. In this regard, the present work aimed to evaluate genetic diversity of five different populations of Macrobrachium dayanum by Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). DNA was isolated from the pleopods (swimmerets) of the prawns using salting out and Phenol chloroform method. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA was analysed by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Spectrophotometry respectively. Values obtained from the bands on agarose gel (1.5%) in TBE were scored and analyzed. After statistical analysis, UPGMA dendrogram was also constructed. When compared with other populations it has been observed that the population of M. dayanum of Nagri stream showed higher degree of genetic variability.

Keywords: Genetic variability, Macrobrachium dayanum, Random amplified polymorphic DNA

(268) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 08

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SYNTHESIZED AGNPS OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Mastan M.* and S. Prabhudas

Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Camellia sinensis (Green tea) is an evergreen shrub in Theaceae family. Epigallocatechin- 3- gallate, a polyphenol extracted through Green synthesis from the leaves of the plant. The active constituents of Camellia sinensis are polyphenols, and tea catechins. Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug used for acute leukemia. We evaluated the effects of cyclophosphamide on male albino rats and examined the protective role of synthesized AgNps of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on biochemical changes in concentration and time dependent manner in liver and kidney. The protective effect of synthesized polyphenolic activity of oxidative and antioxidative enzymes MDA, SOD, GPx, Catalase, GST, Reduced glutathione were estimated.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Camellia sinensis, Cyclophosphamide, and Male Albino rats.

(269) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 09

DIETARY EFFECT OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ROHU, LABEO ROHITA (HAM.)- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Jyotirmayee Pradhan1 and Basanta Kumar Das2

1 Zoology, KKS Women’s College, Balasore, Odisha 2The Director, ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore Kolkata, West Bengal - 700 120 Email: [email protected]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dietary doses of three fresh water microalgae, Euglena viridis, Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila. Four experimental diets were supplemented with Euglena and Chlorella powder @ 0g kg- 1, 0.1g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1 and 1.0 g kg-1 of diet and L. rohita fingerlings were fed with Microcystis powder @ 0g kg-1, 0.5g kg-1, 1 g kg-1 and 5 g kg-1 of diet for 90 days. Immunological parameters of fish were examined. Fish mortalities were recorded after challenged with A. hydrophila 90 days post-feeding. The Euglena incorporated diet showed increased levels of superoxide anion production, lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. These results suggested that the optimum dietary Euglena, Chlorella and Microcystis powder supplementation level could be approximately 0.5 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1 and 1 g kg-1 of diet respectively for better result on growth and provide immunity to L. rohita.

Keywords: Microlage, L. rohita, Diet.

(270) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 10

A PHENOTYPICAL AND MOLECULAR APPROACH OF PHOTORHABDUS LUMINESCENS ASSOCIATED WITH HETERORHABDITIS INDICA

Kajol*, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Aasha and Ashok Kumar Chaubey**

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004, India Email:[email protected], **[email protected]

Gram negative entomopathogenic bacteria associated with Heterorhabditis species are known to produce a range of bioactive compounds having insecticidal, nematicidal, antifungal and antibacterial properties. The prerequisite for proper utilization of bacteria is the appropriate identification. In present study, the symbiotic bacterium associated with the

Heterorhabditis sp. isolate DH3 of Meerut region, was identified as Photorhabdus luminescens. The phenotypic identities of the strains were confirmed using morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. Biochemical results showed that the bacterium was urease, nitrate reductase and oxidase positive. Sugar reduction tests (except Saccharose weakly positive) were found negative for the bacterial isolate. The results of molecular phylogeny of 16s rDNA through neighbor joining method placed the present isolate within the P. luminescens group. The base pair difference placed the present bacterium within subsp. lumondii, subsp. akhrustii, subsp. thracensis and subsp. kayaii with 50, 44, 57 and 56 base differences respectively. However, it was close to two more strains namely P. luminescens strain C8404 and HG26 with 43 and 46 base differences. In this way the present bacterium was designated as another isolate of P. luminescens strain DH3. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products.

Keywords: Heterorhabditis indica, Photorhabdus luminescens, 16s rDNA.

(271) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 11

UTILITY OF PAPER MICROSCOPE –”FOLDSCOPE” IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Kelevikho Neikha1, Bendangtula Walling, Abuno Thepa, Nukshimenla Jamir, and Sarat Chandra Yenisetti*

Drosophila Neurobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami 798627 Nagaland, India. Email: [email protected]

Foldscope is a facile tool constructed using the principle of “origami” which has a magnification of 2000x and sub-micron resolution. Punched only on a flat sheet of paper but robust enough for field study and able to reach in resource constraint settings. Since, many individuals live in rural or underserviced location with limited access to care, and where infection such as malaria, Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths are rife, this novel device may be a stepping stone for future portable diagnosis, as it is a tool with less intricacy and anyone with minimal handling experience can readily use it. We have optimized this paper microscope to study Drosophila sex organs, understanding of which will help to study the process of reproduction in Drosophila model; further, I will be presenting the data relating to the study of barr body in buccal smear and basophils from the blood smear. These studies will be of good help for biomedical researchers in their field survey/studies.

Keywords: Foldscope , Barr Body , Buccal smear, Basophil

(272) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 12

EMPIRICAL SPOTS DISEASE DIAGNOSIS IN AQUATIC FAUNA USING NOVEL IMAGE SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES

Lavin A. Kanuga1, Lopamudra Mishra1, Ankit Kumar Panda2, Ram Chandra Barik3

1Department of Zoology, Vikash Degree College, Sambalpur Univeristy 2Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology Biju Pattnaik University of Technology Email: [email protected]

Spot diseases are pre-eminent agent affecting fish mortality contribute substantial losses to the farmers. To dwindling down the fish mortality this research manuscript detect and discern three kinds of spots (White, Black, Red) Image processing approach for diagnosis followed by identification of biochemical causing agent Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Aphanomyces invadans is surveyed. Euclidean distance based Clustering is a Machine Learning concept that employs Image object segmentation both in Gray and HSV based colour segmentation. Appraisal of spot in aquaculture is done by derivative based Image Edge detection techniques as Sobel, Prewitt and Canny Operators plays prominent role in its treatment.

Keywords: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Aphanomyces invadans, Euclidean distance based clustering, Image object segmentation, Image Edge detection techniques

(273) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 13

COMPARATIVE GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS (L.) R. BR LEAF EXTRACT USING METHANOL AND HEXANE SOLVENT

Laxmikant Shinde1, Mamta Goyal1 , Ranjit Bayas1 Chavan R. J.2

1 Applied Parasitology Research laboratory, Department of Zoology, JES College, Jalna (431203) Maharashtra, INDIA 2Department of Zoology Dr. BAMU Aurangabad Email Id: [email protected], [email protected]

Present study aimed to investigate miscibility variation of phyto-chemical content in two solvents. Leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. Alstonia scholaris in methanol and hexane revealed presence of 35 and 29 compounds. The compounds like quinic acids; 1,3 propanediol 2- hydroxymethyl 2-nitro obtained in methanolic extract, while linoleic acid ethylester and p-xylene in hexane extract. Hydrocarbons like pentane 2- methyl, pentane 3 methyl, cyclopentane methyl, squalene was common in both. This study concludes Alstonia scholaris showed more miscibility to various groups of compounds in methanol whereas hexane found to be best for extraction of hydrocarbon moieties.

Keywords: Alstonia scholaris, GC-MS, Methanol, Hexane

(274) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 14

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL, PROTEIN AND CALCIUM IN CIRRHINUS MRIGALA EXPOSED TO CRUDE TOXIN OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA

Madhumita Srivastava

Sunbeam College for Women, Varanasi 221005, India, e.mail: Email:[email protected]

The effect of acute, lethal and sub lethal concentrations of Microcystis on Cirrhinus mrigala were manifested by restlessness and equilibrium disturbance, rapid jerky body movements, erratic swimming, increased opercular movement and respiratory rate indicating difficulty in respiration. After exposure to acute concentration of microcystin ( crushed cells of M. aeruginosa) for 96h, the serum calcium decreased significantly (P=0.05) to 9.9 mg 100 ml- 1 compared to control (12.6 mg 100 ml-1). The lethal concentration of microcystin also decreased the serum calcium levels when exposed for both short (15-30 days) and long (45-90 days) terms. The acute exposure of microcystin decreased the serum protein from 7.3 to 4.8. The lethal concentration also decreased the levels of serum protein during short and long term exposure. The Nain showed hypercholesterolemia on exposure to actue and lethal concentrations of microcystin for 96h and both short (15-30 days) and long (45-90 days) term, respectively. The marked increase in blood cholesterol in Nain (C. mrigala) in the present study may be due to increased output of circulating levels of catecholamine during stress of toxicosis.

Keywords: Cirrhinus mrigala, toxicity, Microcystis, Protein, Cholesterol, Calcium.

(275) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 15

ISOLATION OF LECTIN FROM HONEYBEE, APIS MELLIFERA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN INNATE IMMUNITY

Madhuri Walekar1, Prajakta Shitole2 and Kalpana D. Chandramore*

Department of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan’s And, Science and Commerce college, Baramati, Dist Pune-413133. Email: [email protected]

Lectins are proteins that recognize specific carbohydrate structures onto cells and thereby agglutinate them by binding to cell surface sugars, glycoproteins, and other glycoconjugates. They are a major constituent in the humoral immune mechanisms of the insects and the processes of self/non-self recognition. In view of molecules important in immunity, we have purified lectin from midgut extract of worker bees, Apis mellifera using ion-exchange chromatography. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays confirm the ability of honey bee lectin to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. Herein, we also report the antimicrobial activity and role of lectin in innate immunity of honeybees.

Keywords: Lectins, immunity, honey bee.

(276) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 16

KARYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIMALAYAPOTAMON EMPHYSETUM ALCOCK, 1909, A COMMON FRESHWATER CRAB FROM JAMMU REGION, J&K, INDIA

Menakshi Dhar* and Seema Langer

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu email: [email protected]

Himalayapotamon emphysetum belongs to the order-Decapoda of class-Crustacea. It represents a valuable component of crustacean fishery. The present study was conducted to determine the chromosome number of Himalayapotamon emphysetum. The crabs were collected from different water bodies of the Jammu region. Slides were prepared from the testicular and gill tissues using the conventional air drying (Giemsa staining method). Satisfactory results were obtained from testicular tissue. Most of the chromosomes were metacentric and submetacentric. These are the preliminary findings and further detailed analysis is in progress to validate the results.

Keywords: Chromosomal analysis, Himalayapotamon emphysetum, Giemsa staining.

(277) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 17

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PRE- CLITELLAR REGION EXTRACT OF EUDRILUS EUGENIAE USING HYPOTONICITY INDUCED HEMOLYSIS METHOD

Muddasar Shaikh, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan, and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India 425002 Email: [email protected]

Eudrilus eugeniae has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Eudrilus eugeniae was evaluated by using Hypotonicity induced Hemolysis method. The prepared Pre-Clitellar region extract of Eudrilus eugeniae (PcEE) was tested for in vitro anti- inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of PcEE have been evaluated for their In vitro anti-inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity that is 89.18 ± 0.3282, 27.32 ± 0.8756, and 20.57 ± 0.653% protection, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of the active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Eudrilus eugeniae, Anti-inflammatory, Heat-induced Hemolysis, Membrane stabilization

(278) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 18

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF DNA CONSTRUCT CONJUGATED WITH CHITOSAN COATED PLGA NANOPARTICLES

Pangambam Ingoba Meitei*, Megha Kadam Bedekar, K. Pani Prasad, Rupam Sharma, Gayatri Tripathi

Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India. E-mail address: [email protected]

Plasmid DNA (pDNA) containing the bicistronic construct encoding GAPDH protein of Edwardsiella tarda and IFN-d of Labeo rohita was conjugated with chitosan coated poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (Chi/PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) by using double emulsion- diffusion technique. The Chi/PLGA NPs prepared were having the average size of 222.0 nm and zeta potential of +23.6 mV. The conjugation of Chi/PLGA NPs with different concentrations i.e. 50 ng/μL, 75 ng/μL, 100 ng/μL, 125 ng/μL and 150 ng/μL of bicistronic pDNA were showing the size distribution in the range of 337.2 nm to 433.2 nm. A direct relationship was observed between the size of the particle and the concentration of pDNA used for conjugation process. In order to determine the effect of DNA construct conjugated Chi/PLGA NPs, these different concentrations of conjugated Chi/PLGA NPs were transfected in Labeo rohita gill (LRG) cell line. The cell viability and transgene expression studies were carried out every 48 h post transfection. Immunocytochemistry showed a direct relationship between the expression of genes and the concentration of DNA. The maximum gene expression was observed at the highest DNA concentration (150 ng/μL) and minimum at the lowest concentration (50 ng/μL). Positive transfection was also confirmed by GFP plasmid. MTT and NR assays showed the highest cell viability at lowest DNA concentration whereas highest cell toxicity at highest concentration was observed in LDH assay. The percentage of cell viability for all concentrations was calculated above 80% in both MTT and NR assays. The cell cytotoxicity as shown by the LDH assay was less than

(279) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

20% which is negligible. There was no significant morphological change in the cells when exposed to different concentrations of Chi/PLGA NPs, even at higher concentration, showing its non-toxic characteristic. The present work will provides the baseline data of in vitro cytotoxicity of pDNA conjugated Chi/PLGA nanoparticles.

Keywords: Plasmid DNA, Bicistronic construct, GAPDH, IFN-ã, GFP plasmid, Cytotoxicity

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 19

GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF COPPER SULPHATE

(CUSO4.5H2O) IN FRESH WATER FISH CHANNA PUNCTATA USING MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY

Kamlesh K Yadav1 and S. P. Trivedi2

1Government Degree College, Bakkha Khera, Unnao- 209801. Zoology 2 Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department Of, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226007, India. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Copper is an essential trace metal for living organisms and it is present in all natural waters and sediments. It is third in abundance in the human body after iron and zinc. However, if it is present at relatively high concentrations in the environment, toxicity to aquatic organisms can occur. The present study was designed to investigate genotoxic potential of copper using in vivo micronucleus assay in an actinopterygian ûsh, Channa punctata (2n = 32). For this purpose 10 days laboratory acclimatized ûsh were divided into three groups. Groups I and II served as negative and positive controls, respectively and ûsh of group III were subjected uninterrupted to sublethal concentration (10% of 96 h LC50) of heavy metal -1 compound, CuSO4.5H2O (0.407 mg L ) for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h of exposure periods. Signiûcant increase over and above negative control in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in ûsh exposed to metal compound. In this group also, significant (p < 0.05) level

(280) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences of micronuclei frequencies after each exposure period and in between successive exposure periods was noticed. Findings depict genotoxic potential of copper metal compound even in sublethal concentration.

Keywords: Genotoxicity, Channa punctata, Trace metal, Sublethal concentration

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 20

EFFECT OF TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE (TBTO) ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) AND ACID PHOSPHATASE (ACP) ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES OF FRESHWATER FISH RASBORA DANICONIUS

Rokade K. B*., Kharat T. L., Somvanshi V. C. and Shejule K. B.

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431004, Maharashtra, India. Corresponding Author: Kamini Bhanudas Rokade Email id: [email protected],

The present study was undertaken to study alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase enzymatic alteration induced in freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius exposed to sub-lethal concentration 0.03ppm (1/10 96hr LC50) of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Responses of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities from liver, muscles, gill and serum to tributyltin oxide exposure were investigated. As shown from the results, the acid phosphatase activities of exposed fish were significantly increased (p<0.05) in liver, muscles, gills and serum but alkaline phosphatase activities of treated fish were significantly decreased in liver and increased in muscles, gills and serum. The level of protein showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) for all exposed treatments.

Keywords: Rasbora daniconius, Tributyltin oxide, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase.

(281) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 21

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF PRE-CLITELLAR REGION EUDRILUS EUGENIAE

Uzma Naaz Shaikh Iqbal, Yogita Y. Falak, Mahajan Namrata G. and Chopda Manojkumar Z.

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Eudrilus eugeniae has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Eudrilus eugeniae was evaluated by using Heat induced Hemolysis method. The prepared extract of Pre-Clitellar region of Eudrilus eugeniae (PcREE) was tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of EEE have been evaluated for their In vitro anti- inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity that is 49.7 ± 0.5316, 37.77 ± 0.4375 and 0.5698 ± 0.1118 % protection, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Eudrilus eugeniae, Anti-inflammatory, Heat induced Hemolysis, Membrane stabilization

(282) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 22

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF MIDDLE REGION OF THE EARTHWORM, EUDRILUS EUGENAE

Swapnali Mahale, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Atherothrombosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take the lives of 17.7 million people every year, 31% of all global deaths due to the heart attacks and strokes caused by a vessel blockage by thrombus. Thrombolytic drugs are available in market, however, they cause some side effects and expensive. Therefore, present research work carried out on, In vitro thrombolytic activity of extract of Middle Region of earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae (MREE) using plasma clot method. Clot lysis is check at various concentrations of extract against the artificially prepared plasma clot. Streptokinase used as standard and sterilized distilled water used as control. The percentage of clot lysis was analysed by computing the difference between weights of clot. The earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae extract (MREE) at various concentrations exhibit significant activity. The Test I clot percentage is nearer to that of standard, which is 13.15 ± 0.28% and 16.84 ± 0.57% respectively. The group II and the group III shows moderate clot lysis activity as compare to standard, which is 8.51 ± 0.40% and 5.97 ± 0.19% respectively. All three concentrations showed significant activity as compared to control. Hence, it may conclude that, the earthworm extract have the potential to dissolve clot, therefore, it is urgent need to isolate the active molecule which is therapeutically beneficial in future use.

Key words: Thrombosis, Eudrilus eugeniae, Earthworm extract, Thrombolytic activity.

(283) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 23

GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR.

Sourabh Sharma1, JyotdeepKour Raina2, Ravi Sharma1, Parvinder Kumar1and Rakesh K Panjaliya1

1 Department of Zoology, University of Jammu. 2 Department of Human Genetics, University of Jammu. *Email: [email protected]

Studies on human genome diversity analyse genetic variations in order to understand the origin and evolution of anatomically modern humans. The state of Jammu and Kashmir represents a diverse group of heterogeneous populations including different ethnic groups belonging to different religions, castes, and tribal groups constituting considerable genetic variations that can be utilized for population genetic and evolutionary studies. The present work has been carried to study the genomic diversity of six different ethnic groups (Kashmiri pandit, Kashmiri Muslim’s, Bhagat, Chamars, Gujjars and Bakarwals) of Jammu and Kashmir State by using 05 human specific autosomal Alu markers (Alu ACE, Alu PLAT, Alu PV92, AluFXIIIB andAlu D1). Till date, a total of 80 blood samples have been collected randomly from unrelated healthy individuals belongs to these ethnic groups after taking their prior consent. DNA extraction from blood was carried out by using organic method followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the specified ALu markers in the collected samples. Average heterozygosity values among different ethnic groups have been estimated. The study is being continued and will help in deciphering the genome diversity, genome affinities and phylogenetic studies of the said ethnic groups of the region.

Keywords- ALu markers, genomic diversity.

(284) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 24 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE WATERS OF RIVER GODAVARI AT RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.

Sridhar1*, Kotapati Bala Surya Sai Teja2, Pothula Venkatesh 3, Reddi Sai Venkata Sankar 4, Eereti Chandana5, Shaik Reshma6, Dr. K. Ramaneshwari7

1, 2, 3,6, Dept of.Aquaculture, Adikavi Nannaya University 4, 5, 7Dept.of.Zoology, Adikavi Nannaya University Email: [email protected]

Our survival on earth depends on basic resources- water, air and soil. The Rivers are the lifelines of our culture. The river Godavari is one of the largest river in India. It is also known as Dhakshina Ganga. The present study is aimed to analyze the water quality status of river Godavari at Rajamahendravaram. Samples were collected from different study areas and were analyzed by standard methods. The physico-chemical properties of the water from different study areas were compared to infer the status of the quality of water with reference to anthropogenic and industrial activities.

Keywords: Water quality, Analyzed, Physico-chemical parameters, Anthropogenic, Industrial activities

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 25 LIMNOBIOTIC ANALYSIS OF TATTAPANI THERMAL SPRING OF KALAKOTE, DISTRICT RAJOURI, INDIA

Arti Sharma and Mandeep Kour

Department of Zoology, University of JJammu Email: [email protected]

Springs that discharge water which has temperature above that of normal local ground water are called as hot springs or thermal springs. Medically, they are highly significant and are present in many parts of the world. Our state is bestowed with numerous hot water

(285) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations springs and Tattapani is one of its kind, which is located in Kalakote area of Rajouri district. Presently, an attempt has been made to study the seasonal variations in limnological and biotic variables. The parameters viz. temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, FCO2, chlorides, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate and sulphates were determined. The present results indicated that water of the spring was slightly acidic with pH (6.1- 6.8). The carbon dioxide content showed increasing trend with increase in temperature. No dissolved oxygen and carbonates were detected during study period. Qualitative analysis of plankton was also done and identified species were cyanobacteria namely Oscillatoria sps, Chroococcus minutus, Geitlerinema sps. Zooplanktons were completely absent. Oscillatorial mats are present as periphyton on the marginal sites of the thermal spring.

Key words: Physico-chemical, cyanobacteria, Tattapani.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 26

SEASONAL BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER COLLECTED FROM LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF RIVER TAWI, JAMMU, INDIA

Roopma Gandotra and Neha Choudhary*

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu. Email: [email protected]

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the seasonal quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacterial load in the water collected from two selected stations on River Tawi i.e. upstream section (S-I, Nagrota) and downstream section (S-II, Belichrana). The results for MPN revealed that the highest values were 350 CFU/ml and 2400+ CFU/ml while the minimum count were 79 CFU/ml and 540 CFU/ml for station-I and station-II respectively. The peak values for SPC were 4.4x105cfu/ml and 4.2x106cfu/ml, whereas the minimum value noticed were 3.8x104cfu/ml and 0.7x105cfu/ml at S-I and S-II respectively. The highest values of SPC were observed during the post-monsoon season while minimum values were noticed during the winter season for both the stations. A total of 25 bacterial isolates were

(286) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences isolated constituting 12 from Station-I and 13 from Station-II. Further, a qualitative analysis of bacterial isolates revealed the presence of 5 bacterial species at Station-I viz. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp.; and 7 bacterial species were present at Station-II viz. Escherichia sp., Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. Microbial data depicts more pollution at Station-II as compared to Station-I due to contamination by fecal matter. Fecal contamination rendered the water not suitable for drinking and other domestic use and thus needs serious attention for its restoration.

Keywords: Water quality, Quantitative analysis, River Tawi, Bacterial isolation.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 27

EFFICACY OF QUINALPHOS (25 % EC) ON DNA AND RNA CONTENT IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH, CHANNA GACHUA (HAMILTON, 1822)

Nilesh B. Pakhare*

Department of Zoology, Deogiri College, Railway Station Road, Aurangabad (M.S.) – 431 005, India *Email: [email protected]

This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity (LC50) of quinalphos and its effects on nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) of the gill, liver, muscle, and kidney of the air- breathing fish Channa gachua. Nucleic acid estimations were made after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h for 5.35 ppm, 3.55 ppm, 2.70 ppm, and 1.47 ppm respectively. The mortality percentage increased with increasing quinalphos concentration. Changes in nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) show a reduction in both DNA and RNA which shows the very lower concentration of Quinalphos may affect the fishes.

Keywords: Channa gachua, Gill, Kidney, Liver, Muscle, Quinalphos, DNA, RNA.

(287) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 28

EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE STRESS ENZYME AND BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM IN FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS (LIVER, KIDNEY AND MUSCLE) UNDER ITS CHRONIC EXPOSURE

Pankaj Kanaujia*, Yogesh Kumar Sharma and Sunil Prakash Trivedi**

Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007, (U.P.), India Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007, (U.P.), India** Email: [email protected]* , y [email protected] [email protected]**

In the present scenario, contamination of the aquatic environment has become a serious threat to living organisms. The present study was designed to evaluate its bioaccumulation concentration and effect on antioxidative enzymes in the liver, kidney, and muscle of fish

Channa punctatus. Chromium was given using K2Cr2O7 (beyond the permissible limit for inland surface water as per CPCB and USEPA). Fish were exposed for 10, 20 and 30 days for chronic exposure periods with control (No Cr) and three treatment groups T1, T2, T3 using 2, 4, and 6 mg/L of Cr. The results indicated that activity of antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR was increased more in liver, kidney, and muscle of exposed fish at 30 days of exposure period in T3 treatment (6 mg/L Cr) as compared to control. In exposed, Bioaccumulation of chromium levels was high in the liver followed by kidney and muscle at 30 days of chronic exposure but a higher accumulation of Cr was observed in T3 (6 mg/L Cr) treatment in reference to control.

Keywords: Chromium, Antioxidant Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, Chronic exposure.

(288) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 29

MONTHLY VARIATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERENNIAL POND AT A SANJAY GANDHI ZOOLOGICAL PARK IN PATNA, BIHAR, INDIA

Prem Prakash Singh1, Kumari Sushma Saroj2, and Jyotsna Kumari1

1Department of Zoology, T.P.S. College, Patna, Bihar, India 2Department of Zoology, Dr. L.K.V.D. College, Tajpur E-mail: [email protected]

The present investigation observed the monthly variation and interrelationship among the physicochemical characteristics of the surface water of a perennial pond situated at Zoological Park also known as Sanjay Gandhi Zoological Park, Patna. The different physicochemical parameter was determined for the period of two years i.e., from May, 2017 to April, 2019 to analyses the pond water quality. The maximum value of water temperature, transparency, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium were found during the study period. This study, therefore, gives insight into the existing health of the pond and will be helpful to take suitable measures by the authorities to maintain the healthy environment and wholesomeness of the pond.

Keywords: Interrelationship, Monthly variation, Physico-chemical characteristics, Pond.

(289) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 30

ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF BIOFILM FORMING BACTERIA IN PERIPHYTIC SYSTEM

Yasmeen Shaikh, Chavan S. P.*

Aquatic Parasitology and Fisheries Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, M.S., INDIA- PIN- 431606. *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Biofilm and periphyton are used for epiphytic microorganisms attached or associated with submerged substrates. Biofilm is an association of micro-organisms in which microbial cells adhere to each other on a living or non-living surfaces within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance. Bacterial colony forming unit is high in sugarcane bagasse submerged water as compare to other substrates. 21 different isolates are isolated from different substrates submerged water samples. The high number of gram negative and motile bacilli present in sugarcane bagasse containing water sample. The screening of biofilm was done by congo red agar plate method. The isolates has to develop black color on congo red agar indicate as positive former of biofilm and isolates has unable to develop black color; it indicate as negative for biofilm former.

Keywords: Periphyton, Biofilm, Sugarcane baggasse, Bacteria

(290) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 31

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE HEAVY METALS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN COMMON CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO L.

a,bSivakumar Rajeshkumar and bXiaoyu Li

a,bDepartment of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G.N. Mills Post, Coimbatore - 641 029 bCollege of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China. E.mail: [email protected]

We studied the effects of exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) on biochemical, immunotoxicity level and morphological characteristics of the various tissues of a freshwater fish using environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to the metal mixture through tank water for 7, 15 and 30 days, under controlled laboratory conditions. Heavy metal accumulation in various tissues of fish exposed to mix metals for 30 days increased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.001). However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes levels was significantly altered in various tissues of exposed fish. In addition, microscopic examination of the main alterations in general morphology of fish gills and hepatocytes showed the damage of central vein and rupture of irregular with more number of vacuoles in the fish exposed to the metal mixture for a longer duration (30 days). In conclusion, the toxicity of multiple metal mixtures of Cr, Cd, and Pb has antioxidant and immunotoxic effects on C. carpio.

Keywords: Metal mixtures, Oxidative stress, Immunotoxicity, Histopathology, Common carp.

(291) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 32

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN A PALMITATE ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT IN TADPOLES OF DUTTAPHRYNUS MELANOSTICTUS (ANURA: BUFONIDAE)

Diptimayee Patra* and Cuckoo Mahapatra

P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha-757003 E-mail id: [email protected], [email protected]

Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin playing central role in essential biological processes such as vision, immunity, reproduction, growth and development. Vitamin A and its derivatives are also potent teratogens causing severe birth defects in a developing embryo. In the present study, tadpoles of Duttaphrynus melanostictus were treated with different concentrations of vitamin A for 24 to 96 hours. The tadpoles experienced heavy mortality and those survived showed developmental defects like changes in the position of eyes, body size, gut size, increased pigmentation on skin and muscle of tail and deformities in limbs. Thus, anuran tadpoles can be a useful and non-invasive model to study teratogenesis as many aspects of vitamin A biology in amphibians are similar to the actions of vitamin A in mammals.

Key Words: Vitamin A, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Teratogenesis.

(292) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 33

IN VITRO THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF PRE- CLITELLAR REGION OF THE EARTHWORM, EISENIA FETIDA

Shrutika Ponde, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Atherothrombosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take the lives of 17.7 million people every year, 31% of all global deaths due to the heart attacks and strokes caused by a vessel blockage by thrombus. Thrombolytic drugs are available in market, however, they cause some side effects and expensive. Therefore, present research work carried out on, In vitro thrombolytic activity of extract of Pre-Clitellar part of earthworm: Eisenia fetida (PcREF) using plasma clot method. Clot lysis is check at various concentrations of extract against the artificially prepared plasma clot. Streptokinase used as standard and sterilized distilled water used as control. The percentage of clot lysis was analysed by computing the difference between weights of clot. The earthworm: Eisenia fetida extract (PcRPEF) at various concentrations exhibit significant activity. Group I, III, IV, and V at 10, 30, 40 and 50mg/ml, of concentration exhibit moderate activity as compare to that of standard (14.17 ± 1.176), which is 10.85 ± 1.379, , 3.987 ± 0.6584, 12.27 ± 1.889, 12.14 ± 1.42 respectively. At the concentration 20 mg/ml results are more significant (16.97 ± 2.509) as compare to standard. All three concentrations showed significant activity as compared to control. Hence, it may conclude that, the earthworm extract have the potential to dissolve clot, therefore, it is urgent need to isolate the active molecule which is therapeutically beneficial in future use.

Key words: Thrombosis, Eisenia fetida, Earthworm extract, Thrombolytic activity.

(293) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 34

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICALS USING ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MILL AND IT’S IN VIVO ANALGESIC ACTIVITY

Dipika Patil, Manojkumar Z. Chopda and Namrata G. Mahajan*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India425002 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using root extract of a Ziziphus jujuba which reduces silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by colour change of plant extracts, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and UV-Visible absorption spectra of the reaction mixture showed ë max at 446 nm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for analgesic activity in rats. Silver nanoparticles, when given in doses of 0.5% and 1% elicited a significant (*P< 0.05) analgesic activity in the hot plate as evidenced by increase in latency time in seconds as compared with control group at the end of 3hrs.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Ziziphus indicus Mill, Anti-inflammatory, FT-IR

(294) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 35

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS IN THE LIVER INDUCED BY DIFFERENT DOSES OF EGG ANTIGEN OF ASCARIDIA GALLI IN GALLUS DOMESTICUS

Juhie Agarwal,* Savita Rani, and ** Dushyant Kr. Chauhan

, Department of Zoology, Vardhaman College, Bijnor * Department of Zoology, D.N. College, Bijnor ** Department of Zoology, C.C.S University campus Meerut Corresponding author: Email Id: [email protected],

During present investigation hypersensitivity reactions have been studied in the liver of Gallus domesticus against A.galli which triggers immune responses inside the host. The immune responses are also capable of causing injuries. The injury is refered as sensitivity in the host. Sometimes secondary immune response are excessive inducing various changes in the host. Sometimes these responses are severe. This inappropriate response called hypersensitivity reaction.A high dose (2000 eggs/ chicks) and low dose (1000 eggs /chicks) of egg antigens have been used to stimulate the sensitivity inside host on 15 days old white leg horn chicks. After 10days high dose and low dose of egg antigens have also be used to hypersensitized the chicks. Liver tissues have been taken out from the sacrificed host at the 25th, 35th and 45th day of the experiment and processed to observe immunopathological changes as a part of hypersensitivity reactions. During present investigation changes in the hepatocytes, sinusoids, central veins were observed in the sensitized and hypersensitized chicks with the low and high doses of the embryonated eggs of A. galli. Changes observed were cloudy swelling, focal collection of lymphocyte. edema, pyknosis, karyolysis and karyokinesis.

Key words-Immune reactions, Ascaridia galli, Egg anitens, Gallus domesticus, Hypersensitivity reactions, Edema, Pycknosis, Karyokinesis,

(295) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 36

PHYSICO- CHEMICAL STUDIES OF FRESHWATER POND IN AND AROUND JANDAHA, DISTRICT OF VAISHALI, BIHAR, INDIA

Dinesh Kumar1, Vijay Kumar2

1 Dept. Of Zoology, J.P. University, Chapra 2 Dept. Zoology, R.N. College, Hazipur Email- [email protected]

Physico- chemical characteristics was investigating in and around Jandaha. Different methodology of water quality monitoring (WQM) and complete WQM process for assessing water quality of different pond water was studied. The objective of our work is to study the condition of pond water at different location of Jandaha. Pond water samples of both natural and manmade have been taken and parameters like pH, Electrical conductivity, TDS,

Dissolve O2, BOD, Temperature, Nitrate, Phosphate, Hardness etc. have been compared for these pond. Results indicate that in some ponds, water quality was deteriorated.

Keyword: Physico- chemical, Water quality, WQM, pH, TDS.

(296) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 37

GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF CAGE REARED STUNTED FINGERLINGS OF PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS TO DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES

Gunjan Karnatak*, Mishal P, Tasso Tayung, Archan K. Das, Yusuf Ali, Subrata Das, Uttam K. Sarkar and Basanta Kumar Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120, *Email: [email protected]

India is witnessing rapid growth of freshwater cage culture to realize untapped fisheries potential of vast reservoir resources. Stocking density influences growth, feed utilization, biochemical response and health of farmed fish in intensive culture systems. Growth performance of stunted fingerlings of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was evaluated in cages in four stocking densities i.e. 25 m-3, 35 m-3, 45 m-3 and 55 m-3 at Maithon reservoir, Jharkhand for a period of 90 days. The fishes were fed with extruded floating feed at the rate of 5% of body weight twice a day. The growth was significantly higher (p<0.05) at stocking density of 45m-3 and lowest at stocking density of 25 m-3. Stocking density not only influenced growth but also altered carcass composition and serum biochemistry of the species.

Keywords: Pangasius, Stocking density, Growth, Cage, Reservoir.

(297) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 38

FIRST RECORD OF SPONGE INFESTATION AS BIOFULING IN INLAND CAGE AQUACULTURE IN INDIA

H.S. Swain*, M.H. Ramteke, A. K. Sahoo, D. K. Meena, S. Kumari, A. Sengupta, U. K. Sarkar, B. K. Das*

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120 *[email protected]/[email protected]

Sponges infested with a thick mat were recorded in fish cage nets in Salia reservoir (N19°48.2687¹ E85°03.6783¹), Odisha, India, during the culture period of Pangasiodon hypopthalmus, The sponges were collected and stored in 5% Neutral Buffer Formalin (NBF) for identification. Study of the spicules and gemmules using light and scanning electron microscopy reveals characters related to a group of sponges generally considered to be closely related to spongillid, Spongilla lacustris. The same was confirmed through molecular marker COX I and 16s rRNA and further in-silico analysis revealed 96%-98% similar to Spongilla lacustris. This is the first report on fresh water sponge infestation in inland cage aquaculture in India.

Key words: Sponge, Spicule, Cage culture.

(298) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 39

EFFECT OF SEWAGE AND SAGO EFFLUENT IN THIRUMANIMUTHAR RIVER AND MICRONUCLEUS AND SEM ANALYSIS IN THE FRESHWATER FISH CATLA CATLA

J.Vasanthi

Department of Zoology, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, TN Emal: [email protected]

The history of applying micronucleus methods as diagnostic aids in episodes of non infectious and infectious diseases in confined and free living populations of fish is quite meagre. In the present work the gill morphology of C. catla is described through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The functional aspects of the ultrastructures from the epithelial surfaces of the primary and respiratory lamellae and also of the branchial and pharyngeal region are discussed. Bioassay experiments were conducted for sewage water and sago effluent and th the LC50 values were determined as 2.87 and 1.23 for 96 hours by Probit Analysis. 1/10 of 96 hour LC50 value was taken as sublethal concentration for both short and long term exposure periods of sewage water and sago effluent. SEM analysis was done for chronic exposure. Degeneration of primary gill lamellae and secondary lamellae were noticed.

Keywords: Sewage, Sago, Bioassay, Micronucleus, SEM, C. catla.

(299) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 40

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT SPECIES - CLOVES, CINNAMON AND BLACK PEPPER ON BACTERIAL STRAIN ISOLATED FROM SOIL

Kamal Jaiswal, Suman Mishra, Amit Singh, Saumya Sharma

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025 Email id- [email protected], [email protected]

Unani and Ayurvedic medications have been practiced for hundreds of years by a considerable fraction of the population in the treatment of various human afflictions. Now – a- days, a substantial number of pathogens have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics in either narrow or broad spectrum (Multiple Drug Resistance), which is quite alarming. It does not allow developing complete immunity against all antimicrobial agents. In past years, many studies have been conducted in finding the solutions for the menace. Reports have documented about the existence of microbial treatments which are believed to be permanent in treating the ailments caused by bacteria as herbal products are not toxic. Three herbal plants were selected based on their traditional usage in India to assess their antibacterial properties- Syzygium aromaticum (Cloves), Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon), and Piper nigrum (Black pepper). The bacteria were isolated from soil and colonies were purified by sub culturing using streaking plate method, further gram staining was also conducted. Bacteria showed purple stains thus indicating bacteria to be Gram positive (+). Colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of herbal pants was determined at 50% and 100% concentration solution by disc diffusion assay on gram positive soil bacteria. Results concluded that, methanolic extracts of herbs at 100% concentrated solution have more inhibitory potency against bacterial colonies where as 50% concentrated solution of plant extract showed less inhibitory potency against bacterial colonies. Of the three herbal plants, Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon), showed maximum inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Multiple drug resistance, Disc diffusion assay, Antibiotic activity.

(300) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 41

IN VITRO MEMBRANE STABILIZATION ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF MIDDLE REGION EUDRILUS EUGENIAE

Sufyan M. Khan, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Eudrilus eugeniae has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Eudrilus eugeniae was evaluated by using heat induced Hemolysis method. The prepared extract of Middle region of Eudrilus eugeniae (MREE) was tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of MREE have been evaluated for their In vitro anti- inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity that is 50.16 ± 2.059, 24.12 ± 0.2951 and 35.59 ± 0.5625 % protection, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Eudrilus eugeniae, Anti-inflammatory, Heat induced Hemolysis, membrane stabilization

(301) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 42

IN VIVO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SPHAERANTHUS INDICUS LINN

Nikita Patil, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India425002 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

To evaluate the in-vivo antioxidant potential of methanolic extract (MeOHx) and its fraction

(SiAF) of S. indicus against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats. Animals were treated with test sample (200,400 mg/ml of MeOHx and 50,100 mg/ml of SiAF) and CCl4 (0.5ml) for 7 days. Peroxidase and catalase levels significantly increased in the higher concentration of SiAF (***P<0.001). There was a significant increase in SOD levels in MeOHx 2 and SiAF 2 groups (*P<0.05). The level of GSH in MeOHx 2, SiAF 1 and SiAF 2 groups were significantly increased (***P<0.001) when compared with control group of animals. The present studies revealed that S. indicus have significant in-vivo antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress.

Keywords: S. indicus, CCl4, Glutathione, SOD, Catalase, Peroxidase.

(302) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 43

ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MIDDLE REGION EXTRACT OF EUDRILUS EUGENIAE USING HYPOTONICITY INDUCED HEMOLYSIS METHOD

Nikita Patil, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Eudrilus eugeniae has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Eudrilus eugeniae was evaluated by using Hypotonicity induced Hemolysis method. The prepared Middle region extract of Eudrilus eugeniae (MREE) was tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of MREE have been evaluated for their In vitro anti- inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity that is 76.28 ± 1.360, 12.58 ± 0.4948 and 6.420 ± 1.084% protection, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Eudrilus eugeniae, Anti-inflammatory, Heat induced Hemolysis, membrane Stabilization

(303) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 44

SIMULTANEOUS ADDITION OF CHLOROQUINE ENHANCES CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF DOXORUBICIN IN HELA CELLS

Nuzhat Bano1, 2, Visva Tanna1, Pradeep Kumar Sharma1, 2

1 Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad- 201002, India Email: [email protected]

Drug repurposing has raised immense hope for the better therapeutic gain in cancer therapy. Usage of FDA approved drugs may reduce the normal tissue toxicity associated with higher doses of anticancer drugs. Chloroquine (CHQ) is a known anti-malarial drug and has been suggested to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard anticancer drugs. Here, we show that the simultaneous addition of CHQ and DOX resulted in enhanced cytotoxic effect in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells as compared to the DOX alone. Enhanced cytotoxic effect of the combination (CHQ+DOX) was associated with increased ROS, DNA fragmentation and autophagy suppression in HeLa cells.

Keywords: Doxorubicin, Chloroquine, Chemotherapy, Cytotoxicity.

(304) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 45

BACTERIAL ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION FROM EXTRACT OF ANTLION (MYRMELEON CLOTHILDE): AN EDIBLE INSECT IN MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT OF ODISHA, INDIA

Omprakash Satpathy, Subhrakanta Jena* and Hemanta Kumar Sahu

P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Mayurbhanj, Odisha E-mail: [email protected]

Edible insects have now become an integral part of human life throughout the world. Many edible insects are being reported over the world of which, most are consumed directly. In this study, we have focused on bacterial isolation of Antlion (Myrmeleon clothilde). Homogenate was prepared in in-vitro condition through serial dilution, pure culture methods, colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical assay accordingly, for isolation and identification of isolates. Total 11 isolates were obtained, of which 6 strains belong to family Enterobacteriaceae and 5 strains remain unidentified. This infers that the negative impact of this species, must be informed to public.

Keywords: Antlion, Bacteria isolation, Edible insect, Mayurbhanj district.

(305) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 46

POISSON PROBABILITY MAPPING OF THE ORAL CAVITY CANCER INCIDENCES IN THE WESTERN REGIONS OF TAMILNADU, INDIA

Harathi P.B1, Prashanthi Devi.M2

1. Department of Zoology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India 2. Department of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India Email: [email protected]

Cancer being significantly, a lifestyle related disease could very well be prevented. The key mission of WHO Cancer Control Program is to promote national cancer control policies plans and programs, integrated to non-communicable diseases and other related problems. Along with the traditional medical practice, cancer data when coupled with GIS could be an innovative prevention strategy to reduce the impact of the high cancer burden. The present study aims to develop spatial statistical for cancer to study the associated risk factors in the western regions of Tamil Nadu. A total of 14392 cancer cases were collected and segregated in accordance with the age, gender, cancer and district. Poisson Probability Mapping was used to estimate the underlying risk for small regions using regional count. The Poisson Probabilities were calculated for each taluk and the results obtained were integrated into the GIS environment to visualize the burden of oral cancer incidences in the study region.

Key Words: Cancer, GIS, Spatial Analysis.

(306) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 47

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF PRE-CLITELLAR REGION OF THE EARTHWORM, EUDRILUS EUGENIAE

Aboli Jadhav, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Atherothrombosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take the lives of 17.7 million people every year, 31% of all global deaths due to the heart attacks and strokes caused by a vessel blockage by thrombus. Thrombolytic drugs are available in market, however, they cause some side effects and expensive. Therefore, present research work carried out on, In vitro thrombolytic activity of extract of Pre- clitellar Region of earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae (PcREE) using plasma clot method. Clot lysis is check at various concentrations of extract against the artificially prepared plasma clot. Streptokinase used as standard and sterilized distilled water used as control. The percentage of clot lysis was analysed by computing the difference between weights of clot. The earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae extract (PcREE) at various concentrations exhibit significant activity. The group III at 300mg/ml concentration exhibit parallel activity to that of standard, which is 15.02 ± 0.2941% and 16.28 ± 0.5464% respectively. Group I and II showed half thrombolytic activity, which is 8.82 ± 0.3236% and 8.88 ± 0.3692% respectively as compared with standard (16.28 ± 0.5464%). All three concentrations showed significant activity as compared to control. Hence, it may conclude that, the earthworm extract have the potential to dissolve clot, therefore, it is urgent need to isolate the active molecule which is therapeutically beneficial in future use.

Key words: Thrombosis, Eudrilus eugeniae, Earthworm extract, Thrombolytic activity.

(307) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 48

INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF EUDRILLUS EUGENIAE IN VITRO

Altamash Shaikh, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Eudrillus eugeniae has number of traditional uses; however anti-inflammatory action is not explored. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Eudrillus eugeniae was evaluated by using Heat induced Hemolysis method. The prepared whole earthworm extract of Eudrillus eugeniae (EE) was tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Two different concentrations of EE have been evaluated for their In vitro anti- inflammatory activity. All test samples exhibited significant membrane stabilization activity that is 52.49 ± 1.172, 79.55 ± 1.767 and 39.31 ± 1.665 % protection, when compared with control. Therefore, it is noteworthy that, purification of active principle from extract will probably enhance the membrane stabilization activity than standard.

Keywords: Eudrillus eugeniae, Anti-inflammatory, Heat induced Hemolysis, membrane stabilization

(308) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 49

MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF CESTODE STILESIA SP. (CESTODA: ANAPLOCEPHALIDEA) A PARASITE OF THE DOMESTIC GOAT CAPRA HIRCUS (L.) IN JALNA DISTRICT (M.S.), INDIA.

Arun Gaware, Sunita Borde, Ashwini Bhosle and Ashok Mote

Department of Zoology, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad Email- [email protected], [email protected]

The genus Stilesia was erected by Railliet, 1893. Stilesia hircusae Sp. Nov. is collected in the intestine of Capra hircus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Family: Bovidae) from Jalna district (M.S.), India. The present Cestode i.e. Stilesia hircusae Sp. Nov. differs other all known species is having scolex large, squarish, mature proglottids almost 25 to 28 times broader than long, testes small in size, oval to rounded, two lateral fields, 10-12 in each segments, cirrus pouch medium, oval, ovary small in size, compact, nut shaped, vitelline gland is absent. In molecular characterization of the parasites, the genomic DNA were amplified and sequenced. Based upon both morphological data and molecular analysis using bioinformatics tools, the Cestode is identified as confirmed to be representing Stilesia Sp. in mammalian host i.e. Goat.

Keywords: Anoplocephalidea, Cestode, Capra hircus and Jalna.

(309) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 50

MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SENGA SP. (CESTODA: PSUEDOPHYLLIDEA) A PARASITE OF THE FRESH WATER FISH MASTACEMBELUS ARMATUS (LACEPEDE, 1800) IN AURANGABAD DISTRICT (M.S.), INDIA

Asha Bidkar1, Amol Thosar2 and Sunita Borde3

1 Department of Zoology, Y. C. College, Tuljapur, Dist. Osmanabad. 2 Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College, Aurangabad. 3 Department of Zoology, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad-431004. Email- [email protected]

Senga Sp. (Cestoda: Psuedophyllidea) is collected in the intestine of fresh water fish Mastacembelus armatus, (Lacepede, 1800) from Aurangabad district (M.S.), India. The present Cestode i.e. Senga Sp. differs other all known species is having the scolex is rounded and bears a prominent rostellum armed with 25-28 hooks, neck is broad, short, mature segment is rectangular in shape, nearly five to six time broader than long, testes are rounded to oval, small in size, rectangular in shape, 70-80 in number, distributed at each side of the ovary, cirrus pouch is oval in shape, ovary is large, bilobed, dumbell shaped, isthmus is longer to separate each ovarian lobe, genital pore is small and rounded, posterior to cirrus pouch, vitellaria are granular and arranged in one to two rows. In molecular analysis of the parasites, the genomic DNA were amplified and sequenced. Based upon both morphological data and molecular analysis using bioinformatics tools, the Cestode is identified as confirmed to be representing Senga, Sp. in fish host i.e. Mastacembelus armatus.

Keywords: Aurangabad, Mastacembelus armatus, India, Psuedophyllidea, Senga

(310) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 51

PROTEIN CONTENT IN BODY MUSCLES OF WALLAGO ATTU AND SPERATA SEENGHALA SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE WITH CHANGE IN HABITAT

Babare R. S.

Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431606, MS, India Email: [email protected]

Investigations were carried out to study the seasonal variation of total protein content in body muscles of Wallago attu and Sperata seenghala in selected habitats during February 2010 to January 2011 and February 2011 to January 2012. The result depicted that there is significant difference (p<0.05) in total protein content of body muscles of Wallago attu collected from selected reservoirs in the selected study area in different seasons. Also, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in total protein content in body muscles of Sperata seenghala in all seasons during February 2010 to January 2011, But there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in total protein content of body muscles of Sperata seenghala collected from selected reservoirs during February 2011 - January 2012.

Keywords: Total Protein, Wallago attu, Sperata seenghala , Habitats, Seasons.

(311) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 52

UTILITY OF FOLDSCOPE IN CLASSROOM TEACHING OF GENETICS

Bendangtula Walling 1, Kelevikho Neikha, Abuno Thepa, Nukshimenla Jamir, and Sarat Chandra Yenisetti*

Drosophila Neurobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami 798627 Nagaland, India. *Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

Foldscope is an inexpensive optical microscope composed of paper and a lens and it is sufficient for viewing the microscopic world around us. It can be used as an educative tool where the students can individually have access to a lightweight, cheap and durable tool to study/discover objects. The magnification power of a Foldscope is similar to that of a light microscope and it is made up of waterproof origami paper, making them capable for field studies. Moreover, the exposure of students to Foldscope in biology courses could channel student’s interest towards further experimental activity and original research. We have optimized this simple paper microscope to observe and understand Drosophila mutants and to study developmental stages. I will be presenting and discussing my efforts to teach basic genetics to school and college children and instigate interest and ignite thinking process of these budding scientists.

Key words: Foldscope, Genetics, Mutants.

(312) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 53

UTILITY OF CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE GENE FOR MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYMENOPTERA

Charul*, Sunali Bandral, Sourabh Sharma and Rakesh K Panjaliya.

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu. *Email Id: [email protected]

Morphological characters were used from the prehistoric times for species identification but the approach has limitations which lead to misidentification of these species. The molecular approach can overcome these limitations by generating sequences of an organism’s genome which can be used as barcode for the future identification of species. Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI), the mitochondrial gene is one of the highly efficient genes used as barcode for the precise identification of faunal species. The approach will in turn prove helpful for the conservation of biodiversity because conservation cannot be carried out without accurate species identification. In the present study, DNA barcoding by using COI gene has been carried out for 25 insect specimens belonging to order Hymenoptera. DNA extraction was carried out in all the samples followed by amplification of COI gene by using polymerase chain reaction. PCR products were visualized under UV after staining with ethidium bromide. Till now, the samples are subjected to DNA sequencing. The generated sequences will be used for phylogenetic analysis. Later on the sequences will be submitted into Genbank or BOLD database.

Key Words: COI, DNA Barcoding, Hymenoptera

(313) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 54

ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CHAGA MUSHROOM IN INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AND COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

Siddhartha Kumar Mishra

Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar - 470003 (M.P.), India. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities but its effect on intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer were not well elucidated. We investigated the effect of an Inonotus obliquus Aqueous Extract (IOAE) on animal models of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer induced by administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS. Results show that IOAE suppressed inflammation in the intestinal epithelial cells in both mice models through suppression of iNOS and Cox-2, suppressed myeloperoxidase levels, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The extract downregulated NF-êB and Wnt/?-catenin signaling showing anticancer effects in colon tissues.

Keywords: Natural Product, Inonotus obliquus, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Cancer prevention

(314) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 55

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYXOBOLUS CYLINDRICUS (SARKAR, MAZUMDAR AND PRAMANIK, 1985) (MYXOSPOREA: MYXOBOLIDAE), INFECTING THE GILLS OF THE FRESHWATER FISH CHANNA GACHUA FROM MEERUT DISTRICT, U.P., INDIA

Abhishek Gupta and Bindu Sharma

Department of Zoology, CCS University, Meerut, U.P. Email: [email protected]

During a survey of myxosporean parasites of freshwater fishes in Meerut District, Uttar Pradesh, spores of Myxobolus cylindricus (Sarkar, Mazumdar and Pramanik, 1985) were found in the gill filaments of the freshwater fish Channa gachua. This species was described as lacking several characteristics in the original description, which makes challenging the accurate diagnosis. Here, we supplemented its description based on morphological, histological and molecular data. Plasmodia of M. cylindricus are oval, measuring 60–100 & 40–68 μm, located intralamellarly. Mature spores are elongated, measuring 3.6–4.8 (4.3 ± 0.39) ìm long (N = 50) and 0.7–1.2 (0.9 ± 0.21) ìm wide (N = 50) with two equal polar capsules. They had a large sporoplasm with a similarly large iodinophilous vacuole filling the space of the spore. The polar capsule was relatively short compared to the length of the spore. The 18S rDNA sequence for Myxobolus cylindricus (Accession number MH424126) showed relatively close similarity (82%) to Henneguya chaudhuryi, a species belonging to a different genus but described from a closely related channid host represented in the GenBank.

Keywords: Freshwater fishes, Myxozoans, Infections, Species.

(315) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 56

SEASONAL VARIATION IN DNA CONTENT OF INDIAN MAJOR CARPS

Nisha Rana*

Department of Zoology RGPG College, Meerut, 250001 *Email: [email protected]

The present study was conducted on DNA extraction and to determine seasonal variation in DNA in Indian major carps Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita collected from different sites of Western Uttar Pradesh. The highest content was seen in the months of June- august, during the breeding season in major carps. The DNA content of Catla catla was 66-79 ng/ìl, of Cirrhinus mrigala was 64- 78 ng/ìl and of Labeo rohita was 66-77 ng/ìl. Highest content was seen in Catla catla during the breeding season.

Keywords: DNA extraction, Indian Major Carps, Nanophotometer, Seasonal variation.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 57 RESPONSES OF METABOLIC MODIFIERS IN A BOTTOM DWELLING CARP: RECOVERY FROM AQUATIC HYPOXIA INDUCED GROWTH DEPRESSION, STRESS RESPONSES AND HIF EXPRESSION

Tincy Varghese1

1ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai- 400 061, India Email: [email protected]

Aquatic hypoxia is a one of the most critical stressors associated with global climatic change. The random episodes of hypoxia in freshwater aquaculture systems lead to mortality or a subsequent reduction in growth. The study dealt with the mitigation of hypoxia induced altered metabolism through metabolic modifiers in a bottom dwelling carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Four

(316) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences semi-purified isonitrogenous diets were prepared with Arginine (A), GABA (G), their combination (C) and a control (without A or G) and they were fed to hypoxic (H) and normoxic (C) groups. The respective experimental diets were fed to C. mrigala (6.5 ± 0.53 g) for 45 days and then exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.5 mg/L i.e., 2 times of LC50 (0.25 mg/L) of hypoxia for seven days. After feeding and hypoxia exposure, the fishes were further fed for 30 days to study the recovery and observed. The growth of GABA and Arginine supplemented groups were similar to that of normoxia group. The expression of the master regulator-transcription factor of hypoxia induced gene expression, HIF 1á was also analysed and found that the enhanced HIF1á expression is also relapsed to control levels within 30 days with the help of metabolic modifiers. The LDH and SOD activity were also regained normal rhythm with the help of Arginine and GABA. Carbonic anhydrase activity and haemoglobin levels were also reduced back to basal levels without the aid of supplements. Overall, the results revealed that most of the hypoxia-induced effects were corrected within a period of 30 days feeding with the help of arginine and GABA. Thus it can be concluded that feeding of G (0.5%) and arginine (0.7%) either alone or in combination ameliorate hypoxia induced deleterious effects or help the fishes to recover from hypoxia induced physiological disturbances.

Keywords: Hypoxia, GABA, Arginine, Metabolic modifiers.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 58 GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE

(CuSO4.5H2O) IN FISHES: A REVIEW Kamlesh K Yadav1* and Sunil P. Trivedi2

1*Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bakkha khera, Unnao-209801 2Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 Email ID: [email protected], [email protected]

Uncontrolled discharge of industrial waste into water bodies leads to ecological risk from heavy metals that result into increased mortality rate of aquatic lives. Contamination of aquatic resources with different kinds of pollutants has become a matter of concern over the past

(317) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations few decades. Copper has been known to play a significant part in the history of mankind. Copper sulphate, commonly known as blue stone or blue vitriol, is the best known and the most widely used among all copper salts. Aquatic environment is a final destination of copper, where it is highly accumulated by a number of organisms at different trophic levels. Today, it is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in aquaculture, however, the increased levels of copper in aquatic environments come from industrial or agricultural wastes. It is widely used as a fungicide, algaecide, herbicide and molluscicide, and municipal water treatment systems. Among toxic substances, heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other man- made activities are of significant importance, due to their toxicity, their bioaccumulation potential and their ability to induce damage in DNA. Fishes are particularly vulnerable and heavily exposed to heavy metal pollution in their aquatic environments where they live and feed, because they can hardly escape from the detrimental effects of aquatic pollutants.

Keywords: Fish, Genotoxic, Copper, CA, MN.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 59

ASSESSMENT OF GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF CR6+ IN FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS

Yashika Awasthi and Sunil P. Trivedi

1Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 Email ID: [email protected], [email protected]

Cr (VI) contamination is a potential threat for aquatic organisms due to excessive use in industrial, agricultural and anthropological activities. In the environment chromium exists primarily in the trivalent and hexavalent forms but the hexavalent forms predominate the trivalent forms due to is higher solubility. Cr (VI) compounds have been found to be mutagenic and carcinogenic in a human and other organism. Cr (VI) stimulate the production of ROS which reacts with macromolecules and cause cellular damage that lead to activation of different signaling pathway. Activation of p53 is also a prominent biomarker of genotoxicity.

(318) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

Therefore, altered molecular and genotoxicological biomarker after the toxicity of Cr (VI) in fish, used of bioindicator of DNA damage.

Keywords: Chromium, Micronuclei, Channa punctatus, p53, DNA damage.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 60

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN MALE NPV TREATED SPODOPTERA LITURA AND SPODOPTERA EXIGUA

Nagaraja Rao Poduri

Dept. of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana -500 020 Email: [email protected]

Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua are pests on many different agricultural crops. Its presence can cause economic losses in regions where these crops are cultivated. In the present study it was observed that the protein content increase was moderate in the hemolymph of challenged insects during 2 hrs and 4 hrs but reached maximum during 20hrs and started decreasing from 20 hrs to 24 hrs gradually in case of male insects challenged with NPV. The quantitative estimation of total carbohydrates was made in the insect, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exiguaat 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 16 hrs, 20 hrs and 24 hrs in control, NPV treated Spodopteralitura and Spodopteraexigua. Basing on the results it was observed that the carbohydrate content decreased gradually from 2 hrs to 24 hrs and the percentage of decrease is highest 17% in male Spodoptera litura challenged with NPV. The lipid content increased gradually from 2 hrs to 20 hrs and decrease from 20 hrs to 24 hrs in male Spodopteralitura and Spodoptera exigua challenged with NPV. The percent of increase from 2 hrs to 24 hrs is 25% in male Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua challenged with NPV.

Keywords: Biochemical studies, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua, NPV

(319) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 61

MODELING AND DOCKING STUDIES OF ANTI-BACTERIAL PEPTIDE CERCOPIN 1 IN ASCARISSUUM

Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam, Madhusudhan Reddy and Nagaraja Rao Poduri

Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

Cecropins are linear cationic antibacterial peptides that have potent activities against microorganisms. A three dimensional model of Cecropin1 was generated using MODELLER9V7 software using 1F0D as a template. With the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final model is obtained and further assessed by PROCHECK and Verify 3D graph programs, which showed that the final refined model is reliable. The results indicated that ARG216, LYS234, ALG278, THR279 in this Cecropin1 are important determinant residues in the binding process as they have strong hydrogen bonding with these compounds. These hydrogen bonding interactions play an important role in the stability of the complex. Finally, this peptide was docked to Sortase, a membrane protein of Propioni bacterium.

Keywords: Propioni bacterium, Homology Modelling, Cecropin1, Sortase.

(320) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 62

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE CESTODES, RAILLIETINA ECHINOBOTHRIDA, (ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) FROM DOMESTIC PIGEON (COLUMBA LIVIA DOMESTICA)

Pradeep Kumar, Dhananjay Yadav, Abhishek K. Gupta, Reshu, Neeshma Jaiswal, Sandeep K. Malhotra#

Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar, University, Lucknow- 226025, U.P., India. #Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad- 211002, U.P., India. Current Address- 16-A/1, Church Lane, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Seventeen different amino acids were reported through paper chromatographic technique from the whole body amino protein hydrolysate of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) tapeworm, Raillietina echinobothrida. The latter is the nodular tapeworms belonging to the class Cestoda which are most prevalent and pathogenic helminth parasites in birds, particularly in domestic pigeons, chicken, and fowls etc. The worms were isolated from the small intestine of the freshly killed hosts, alternatively washed with tap and lukewarm water several times, blotted on hard filter paper and weighed. The parasitic nodular tapeworms (0.25 mg) were weighed and hydrolyzed with 1ml HCl for 72 hours. The hydrolyses were applied to Whatman’s Chromatography Paper No. 1 to develop chromatograms by using Ninhydrin and subsequently repeatable results were obtained to obtain confirmation. Several amino acids like Cysteine, Aspartate and Phenylalanine were identified that were unique in comparison to the hydrolysates of different hourly treatments.

Keyword: Raillietina echinobothrida, Standard amino acids, Paper Chromatographic technique, Amino Protein Hydrolysate.

(321) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 63

HEPATO-RENAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND HEAVY METAL IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Aruna Chakrawarti, Manisha Agarwal and R. K. Purohit

Radiation Biology Laboratory, Dept. Of Zoology Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner E-mail:[email protected]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of radiation and heavy metals at different doses on some hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in swiss albino mice. For this purpose animals were divided into four groups . First group was given saline and kept as a control. The second group received mercuric chloride 0.5 ppm, and third group was given gamma radiation 5.0 Gy, fourth group treated as both mercuric chloride and radiation. The obtained results showed that radiation and heavy metals induced a significant decrease in Hb, RBCs and WBCs values. Moreover, there were a significant decrease in total proteins and a significant increase in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Histopathological alterations were found in liver and kidneys. However, it could be concluded that radiation and heavy metals induced some adverse effects . That could be attributed to oxidative stress induced by the drug. However ,these effects were reversible.In the combined treatment of radiation and heavy metals, synergistic effects were observed.

Keywords: Radiation, Mercuric chloride, Mice.

(322) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 64

MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES OF GARDEN SLUG, LAEVICAULIS ALTE FROM PRACHI BELT OF RURAL ODISHA, INDIA

Badal Das

Slug Research Laboratory U.N. Autonomous College of Sc. & Tech., Adaspur, Cuttack, Odisha E.mail id: [email protected]

Chromosomal studies in Laevicaulis alte was conducted in the laboratory on collection of garden slugs from Prachi River bed of rural Odisha. A standardized dose of colchicine was injected to the weighed species prior to dissection of ovotestis to obtain chromatin material. Standardized aceto-orcein squashing technique employed for the purpose recovered several meiotic stages of chromosomes with a diploid set determined as 2n=34. Haploid chromosome complement observed under high resolution microscope revealed the arrangement of 17 bivalents in different micro photographic plates of gonadal meiosis. Spermatogonial metaphase also confirmed the diploid number in the species consisting of metacentric & submetacentric configuration only as reported earlier.

Keywords: -Laevicaulis alte, Garden pest, Chromosomes, Colchicine, Diploid, Meiosis.

(323) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 65

DNA REPAIR IN FISH: AN APPROACH OF MITIGATION IN ECOTOXICOLOGY

Adeel Ahmad Khan1 and Sunil P.Trivedi1*

1Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India (*corresponding author) Email ID: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Changes are acceptable but not when the integrity of DNA is being challenged; it is not acceptable. The tendency of DNA to oppose or resist any change in its structure and to nullify any change that has taken place to alter its original structure is called as DNA repair. DNA repair being common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the vault of genetic information and any changes in the DNA can lead to mutation. Different DNA repair mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), photo-enzymatic repair (PER), homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) have been found to be documented in fish; with findings emphasizing NER and PER to be widely used in DNA repair mechanisms.

Ecotoxicology is the amalgamation of ecology and toxicology to study the effect of toxic substances or biological agents on the organism at the population, community or ecosystem level. The toxicant can reach the body through food, air, water or feeding habits and alter the normal physiology causing oxidative stress by generation of free radicals thus resulting in DNA damage. Here, comes the role of the DNA repair mechanisms which confronts any change in the DNA caused by such toxicants, thus making it very clear that DNA is not immune to the harm posed by the toxicants.

The fish usually exposed to different types of toxicant in the water bodies make them susceptible to DNA damage. Thus, powerful DNA repair mechanisms are present in fish to

(324) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences resist the harm being caused by the toxicant. Despite these DNA repair systems being in play, some errors creep in; damaging the DNA. Being the primary line of defense against genotoxicants, an in-depth understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in fish is of prime importance, and with better understanding of DNA repair capacity in fish it may be useful to evaluate genotoxicity. The magnitude of DNA repair also varies according to the species of fish, its developmental stage and tissues for both environmental bio-monitoring studies and DNA repair mechanisms.

Keywords: DNA repair, Ecotoxicology, Toxicants, Oxidative stress, Free radicals, Fish.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 66

METACID INDUCED ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS ON CERTAIN BLOOD PARAMETERS IN MYSTUS VITTATUS (BLOCH.)

Rahul Kumar Prasad

Department of Zoology, A.N. College, Patna Email: [email protected]

In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of an organophosphate pesticide, Metacid-50 on different blood parameters in an air breathing siluroid fish Mystus vittatus (Bloch). Treatment of acute sublethal concentration of Metacid (96hrs exposure) caused significant decrease in RBC counts, Hb content and PCV values as compared to control. The TLC showed rising trend in lower concentration of Metacid as compared to control but in higher concentration it (TLC) showed an opposite trend i.e. decline in TLC. However, Lymphocytes and Monocytes showed significant increase in their percentage. The effects were dose dependent. The reason for such changes has been discussed in detail.

Key words: Blood parameters, Metacid, Mystus vittatus (Bloch).

(325) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 67

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF CHLORELLA SP.

Tejal Jain, Chopda Manojkumar Z. and Mahajan Namrata G.*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India 425002 E-mail: [email protected]

Helminth infections are among the most common infections in man. Chlorella sp. has number of traditional uses; however anthelmintic action is not explored. In the present study, anthelmintic activity of Chlorella sp. was evaluated. For the anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Chlorella sp., Eisenia species were selected due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal round worm parasites. All the earthworms were washed in physiological saline of annelids before they were released into 20 ml of respective formulation as, Control (in saline), standard drug (Albendazole, 20 mg/ml) and different concentrations (5 and 10 mg/ml) of hydroalcoholic extract of Chlorella sp. algae respectively, solution were poured in different petri dishes. Observation made for the time taken to paralyze and death.The mortality occurred with 05 and 10mg/ml concentrations of Chlorella within 240.3 ± 15.14 and 165.60 ± 23.86 min respectively. However, no significant activity was observed at Low concentration (05mg/ml) of Chlorella, death time (240.3 ± 15.14 min) to that of albendazole 263.9 ± 8.731 min. The present study, delivers evidences for the hydroalcoholic extract of Chlorella sp. showing significant anthelmintic activity which could partly contribute to ethnomedical uses of algae.

Keywords: Anthelmintic, Chlorella sp., Alkaloids.

(326) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 68

ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACIDS IN PARASITIC NEMATODE SPECIES ASCARIS SUUM OF DOMESTICATED SWINE

Reshu, Dhananjay Yadav, Pradeep Kumar, Abhishek K. Gupta, Neeshma Jaiswal1 and Sandeep K. Malhotra2

1Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, U.P., India 2 Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Diverse group of amino acids were examined by the help of chromatographic techniques from the entire body hydrolysate of parasite Ascaris suum parasitizing domesticated swine or pig Sus scrofa domesticus. Taxonomically Ascaris suum belong to phylum- Nematoda, class- Chromadorea, Family- Ascarididae which is a parasitic species with host specificity of pig. This helminth parasite is also referred as large roundworm of pigs. In this study, worms were collected from the slaughter house, and then washed with distilled water for several times. For dehydrating the parasite it was pressed by the usage of filter papers, and then finally weighed. The weighed parasite was hydrolyzed with 1 ml HCl for 72 hours. 1- 1ml distil water was dissolved for 7 times in hydrolyzed solution and was being evaporated. It resulted with the formation of hydrolysate. The hydrolysate was subsequently run for multiple times on chromatographic paper to confirm the observations and several amino acids were detected and estimated.

Keywords: Ascaris suum, Amino acids, Chromatography, Parasite, Sus scrofa domesticus.

(327) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 69 IMPACT OF SEX-BIASED GENE EXPRESSION IN MAMMALS

Priyanka Priyadarshini Patra

School of life sciences, University of Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Assessing the extent to which sex-biased gene expression is conserved across the body could also have important implications for the use of nonhuman mammals as models of sex-biased human biology. By conducting a 12-tissue, five species survey of sex differences in gene expression, it was concluded that in each tissue, samples cluster by species rather than sex, and most sex bias in gene expression has arisen recently and is thus not shared between most mammals.

Keywords: conserved, Sex-biased gene

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 70 GENE EXPRESSION IN MAMMALS – IS IT SEX BIASED?

Priyanka Priyadarshini Patra

School of life sciences, University of Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex-biased gene expression is conserved across the body and assessment of the same may have important consequences for the use of nonhuman mammals as models of sex-biased human biology. Using 12 tissues from five species, Naqvi et al demonstrated that in each tissue, samples cluster by species rather than sex, and most sex bias in gene expression has arisen recently and is thus not shared between most mammals. I hereby explain the recent finding reported by Naqvi et al in journal Science 365, eaaw7317 (2019).

Keywords: conserved, sex- biased gene

(328) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 71 PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF SWARNA BHASMA (INCINERATED GOLD PARTICLES)

Aashish Kumar Netam* and Poonam Sharma

Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (M.P) *Email: [email protected]

Ayurveda uses a variety of minerals and metals for the preparation of various therapeutic drugs. Swarna Bhasma (SB) also called as incinerated gold particles (IAuPs) used to treat many diseases, as it has various therapeutic properties like free radical scavenging activity, analgesic activity, anti-cancer, cerebrovascular and reproductive enhancement activity. Rasa Shastra a branch in the Indian system of medicine, where the natural metals are converted into their therapeutic forms known as Bhasma by various treatments like smelting, drying, which renders their physical and chemical properties, thereby converting them into curative forms. Today in the emerging field of nanotechnology, these Bhasma can be a good option as an efficient drug delivery system. Since the safety of SB is already established from traditional experience. However, concern associated with biocompatibility & toxicity of natural compound presents a great challenge for using them as a medicine. Therefore, to understand the various physical and chemical properties of SB, characterization has been done with the help of modern techniques like XRD, SEM & EDAX, Particle & Potential analysis to optimize the safety and acceptability of the natural products. The result of XRD analysis shown that the major phase of gold was present with crystal planes were indexed to fcc with reference to the standard database, whereas particle size and surface morphology analysis by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the micron-sized particles ranges from 3ìm to 100ìm, with globular and irregular surface morphology. The EDAX analysis shown that the major compositional element present as gold with 85.21%. The zeta particle size and potential were studied by zeta particles size analyzer show the mean particle size of 32ìm and a minus potential value of -6.53mv. The above results of the characterization of SB suggest its application as a therapeutic agent in clinical medicine from the biological safety point of view.

Keywords: Swarna Bhasma (SB), Incinerated gold particles (IAuPs), XRD, SEM

(329) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 72

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CASSIA TORA LIN.

Vikas Pankaj Bhargava* and Poonam Sharma

Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh, India * Email: [email protected]

Cassia tora (C. tora) is a small shrub that abundantly grows up in throughout the tropical parts of Asia. In traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese Medicine, its usage has been described as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihepatotoxic, antidiuretic, antidiarrhoeal and antimutagenic plant. In recent decades, various extracts from the leaves of C. tora Linn has been used as a potential therapeutic agent. Amarkantak is situated in the Anuppur District of Madya Pradesh, known as “Haven of medicinal plants” because of the rich biodiversity of medicinal plants. The local tribal people consume C. tora for a long time. There are some reports of the presence of highly antioxidative compounds and metal chelating properties of C. tora. As per earlier reports, a methanolic extract shows better in-vitro antioxidant activity as compared to other compounds. Therefore, we used the methanolic extract of C. tora for the present study. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of C. tora was analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method (GC-MS). The results of GC- MS analysis showed that the main components in the methanolic leaf extract of C. tora were 3-Methylglucose (25.049%), Palmitic acid (8.247%), DL-Alpha-Tocopherol (6.187%), Linolenic acid (6.075%), Phytol (3.361%), Trehalose (3.012%), 5,8-Diethyl- 6-dodecanol (2.652%), Melezitose (2.642%), Phthalic acid, di (2- propylpentyl) ester (2.231%), Vitamin E acetate (2.095%), Heptyl acetate (1.932%), 2-Palmitoylglycerol (1.731%), Megastigmatrienone-D (1.685%), 2-Allyl-1,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-benzene (1.163%), 8-Ethylquinoline (1.137%) and Ethyl palmitate (1.089%). The GC-MS data

(330) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences showed that methanolic leaf extract contains majorly neuroprotective and antioxidants phytoconstituents which makes C. tora as an attractive option for plant-based drug discovery against neurodegenerative disorders.

Keywords: Cassia tora, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Phytochemicals

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 73

EFFECT OF CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS ON THE DETERMINATION OF PMI OF SOME FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT CARRION FLIES FROM OSMANABAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

S. A. Bansode, S.A. Saraf, S. G. Gedekar

Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad- 431004. (Maharashtra), India. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].

Forensic entomology is the study of the arthropod science associated with a human corpse in an effort to determine elapsed time since death in the judicial system. Arthropod evidences recovered from crime scenes can aid criminal investigations including determination of PMI. During the present study, six dipteran flies namely C. megacephala, C. rufifacies, L. cuprina, C. albiceps, S. dux, S. ruficornis recorded from Osmanabad district and studied seasonally to study the effect of temperature fluctuation on their life cycle. This study aims to describe the principles and concept of forensic entomology, to determine the usefulness and applicability of insect evidence to develop an awareness of insects and to attract the attention of forensic medicine professionals to the issue. This study affords an excellent opportunity to make a significant contribution to the baseline database used in forensic entomology.

Keywords: Entomology, Bioaccumulate, Temperatures.

(331) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 74

EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF CALLIPHORIDAE FLIES FROM OSMANABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

S. A. Bansode, S. A. Saraf, V.R. More

Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad- 431004. (Maharashtra), India. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Forensic entomology is the study of insects associated with a human corpse in an effort to determine elapsed time since death. The carrion flies are the best indicators to determine the post mortem interval in criminal cases. The duration of the developmental stages of the insects depends on the temperature. The succession of arthropods development is mostly affected and influenced by temperature and humidity. In warmer temperature and high moisture conditions, insects have been known to grow faster. The opposite conditions have also been noted to retard insect growth significantly. In this study, the effect of different constant temperatures on the duration of developmental stages of the life cycle on Calliphoridaes has been studied to prepare the data for the PMI determination.

Keywords: Forensic, Humidity, Temperature, Succession.

(332) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 75

NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA AGAINST MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA

Pandurang B. Patil*, Bharati D. Talele, Namrata V. Nemade and Manojkumar Z. Chopda

* Department of Zoology, Nutan Maratha College, Jalgaon 425002 Department of Zoology, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425002 Corresponding author: [email protected]

Plant-parasitic nematodes are an economically important group of soilborne pathogens. The use of chemicals for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes has its limitations. To overcome this problem, nematicidal protocol was undertaken for investigation against Meloidogyne incognita a root-knot nematode. Cobb’s Sieving Technique and for counting of nematodes, Baermann funnel method was adopted. The percent mortality was calculated. Nematode mortality increased with an increase in plant extract concentrations. The highest mortality was 12.67% at 10% in MeOHx and lowest 3.67% at 5% in ACEx after 48 hr of exposure. The activity was not dose-dependent. No mortality was recorded in the control experiment throughout the experimentation. Less than 50% mortality was observed. Hence, it may be concluded that the successive MeOHx is lack of nematicidal activity.

Keywords: Ziziphus jujuba, Meloidogyne incognita,

(333) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - 76

PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS HIRAE ISOLATED FROM INDIGENOUS RAW GOAT MILK

Kamni Rajput and Ramesh Chandra Dubey

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar- 249404, India Email: [email protected]

Present study documents the potential probiotic Enterococcus hirae isolated from indigenous raw goat milk. A total of 43 isolates of the lactic acid bacteria isolated from 15 samples of indigenous raw goat milk were investigated for their probiotic potential and safety parameters. On the basis of certain parameters viz., low pH, bile salts and phenol resistance. These isolates were further evaluated in vitro for auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial activity. In addition, lack of gelatinase and hemolytic activity supports its safety as probiotic traits. The isolate G24 showed the good viability at different pH, bile concentration and phenol resistance but it did not show gelatinase and hemolytic activities. Isolate G24 was susceptible to antibiotics and displayed antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogens and Salmonella typhimurium. It exhibited the highest auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity to different hydrocarbons. Following molecular characterization the isolate G24 was identified as Enterococcus hirae by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. E. hirae G24 bears the excellent properties to be used as probiotics.

Keywords: Probiotic, Lactic acid bacteria, Goat milk, Enterococcus hirae, Probiotic attributes, Safety parameters.

(334) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 77

CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR MENTAL RETARDATION IN KHANDESH REGION OF MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA

Bhushan R. Kavimandan

Department of Biochemistry Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon- 425001 Corresponding author- [email protected]

Mental retardation (MR) is characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors. Mental retardation is a subtype of intellectual disability. The cause of mental retardation, present in approximately 3-4% of the population, is unexplained in one half of the cases. The cytogenetic and metabolic screening tests followed by the confirmed diagnostic tests take care of about 50% of MR patients referred at Genetic Centre in India or world-wide. It has been estimated that cytogenetically visible rearrangements are present in 1% of newborns. These chromosomal changes can cause a wide range of deleterious developmental effects, including mental retardation (MR). In the current study, chromosomal analysis revealed the cause of mental retardation in 13 samples out of 50 samples. Out of 13 samples 2 samples were with 46, X, del Y(q12), one sample each with 46, XY,qh-22ps+; 46, XX, 10 p+; 46, XY, ps+; 46, XY, 22 pstk+; and 46, XX, 21 pstk+. Six samples were found positive for Down syndrome i.e. trisomy 21. Out of 6 Down children four were males and 2 were females. Four male Down children were with trisomy 21 (47, XY, +21) while two female samples were with additional change. One samples was with 21 translocaion with karyotype 46, XX, t(21;21) +21 and other sample had 50% metaphases with normal karyotype and 50% metaphases with trisomy 21 karyotype i.e. 46, XX (50%)/ 47, XX, +21 (50%).

Keywords: Mental retardation, Chromosomal abnormalities, Down syndrome.

(335) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 78

GENOMIC INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF BACILLUS SPP.

Monika Sharma#1, Himani Khurana#1, Helianthous Verma2, Rup Lal3* and Ram Krishan Negi1*

1Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007, India. 2Ramjas College, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007 3The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi-110003, India. Email: [email protected]

The genus Bacillus is an ecologically diverse group known for its constitutes a diverse plethora of species known for medical, environmental, agricultural and industrial applications as food preservatives, biocontrol and therapeutic agents. However, even after enormous research, certain taxonomic ambiguities exist in their present taxonomic affiliations in the public databases. Through the use of in-silico dDDH and ANI methods, we have tried to resolve the taxonomic anomalies of a large set of 178 genomes of Bacillus. We have also proposed species designation for the uncharacterized species Bacillus sp. BT1BCT2, Bacillus sp. 2A57CT2 and Bacillus sp. RL. To further support our analysis, we also investigated the functional pathways annotated as the property of these clusters and the core-gene content of the entire dataset. We were able to assert the possible outlier strains (n = 17) for this genus which needs special attention. Further, the secondary metabolite potential of each strain and cluster was identified to understand their possible role in the field of therapeutics and biotechnology.

Keywords: Bacillus, Genomes, Phylogeny, Functional pathways.

(336) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 79 STUDY ON MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ROLE OF BUTTERFLIES AS FLOWER VISITORS, POLLINATORS AND FLORA CONSERVATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

M. S. Thakur

Centre for Environment Studies, Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, India Email: [email protected]

During the present investigation, 113 species of butterflies were collected as flower visitors on 87 species of flowering plants (garden, cultivated, semi wild and wild) in Himachal Pradesh. Of these flowering plants, 07 species visited by papilionids, 56 by pierids, 07 by danaids, 21 by satyrids, 22 by nymphalids, 54 by lycaenids, 05 by hesperiids and 06 by erycinids. Among all the flowering plants studied, flowers of the family Asteraceae were most attracted to different butterfly’s species

Keywords: Butterflies, Flower visitors, Pollinators, Flora Conservation.

PP – Molecular Biology and Biotechnology – 80 GONADO SOMATIC INDEX AND HISTOANATOMICAL ALTERATIONS IN TESTIS AND OVARY OF FRESH WATER FOOD FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS EXPOSED TO CADMIUM.

Manoj Kumar and Sunil P. Trivedi

Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 E-mail – [email protected]

The objective of present study is to evaluate the concentration dependent effects of cadmium (Cd) on the gonadal tissue through short term static bioassay in fresh water food fish Channa punctatus. Concentration mediated alterations in histoanatomy of testis and ovary and GSI

(337) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations were observed in fish treated with four different concentrations of cadmium for 24, 48, 72 and 96h exposure period. Inference drawn from the study clearly depicts that cytotoxic damage is more pronounced in fish exposed to higher concentration of Cd for shorter duration than lower concentration of Cd for longer duration. GSI of gonads reported minimum decrease for 24h exposure period and with the increase in exposure period and increase in Cd concentration there was maximum decrease in GSI. Gross damage of germinal epithelium, condensation of nucleus, stromal hemorrhage, increased intersticium, vacuolation, inflammatory response and atretic follicles in the ovary and in testis gross damage of germinal epithelium, inflammatory response, intertubular vacuolations and contraction & condensation in the cells of tubules under all sets of intoxication and exposure periods clearly suggest reproductive impairment leading to delayed gonadal maturity.

Key Words: GSI; Cadmium; Gonads; Histoanatomy; Channa punctatus.

(338) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

ENTOMOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY AND WILDLIFE

(339) (340) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 01

LIFE CYCLE AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERS OF OAK TASAR SILKWORM, ANTHERAEA PROYLEI J.

Dalip Kumar Mansotra, Shivalika Shrama and P. C. Joshi

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishawavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: [email protected]

The study on the biology and economic traits of the oak tasar silkworm, Antheraea proylei Jolly was carried out at Munsyari block in district Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand (30004’96'’ N 80028’95'’ E) during the late spring season (May-June) of 2015-16 to analyze the impact of feeding of the fresh leaves of Q. semecarpifolia on larval and economic characteristics. The average egg length, breadth and weight were found to be 2.52±0.23 mm, 2.08±0.14 mm and 0.008±0.001 g, respectively, while the fecundity, incubation period and hatching percentage were found to be 192.07±11.42 eggs, 10.52±0.62 days and 75.44±6.01 %, respectively. The average length, breadth, weight and duration of the fully grown Vth instar larvae were found to be 84.21±0.50 mm, 18.59±0.54 mm, 17.98±0.37 g and 13.72±0.13 days, respectively. The average length, breadth and weight of the cocoon was recorded as 4.03±0.27 cm, 2.37±0.53 cm and 5.92±0.30 g, respectively, while the peduncle length, shell weight, shell ratio, cocoon/DFL and effective rate of rearing (ERR) was found to be 7.78±0.31 cm, 0.62±0.14 g, 10.38±1.92 %, 86.60±7.28 cocoons and 60.22±7.03, respectively. The larval weight showed a significant positive correlation with most of the economic traits, except larval duration and peduncle length where negative correlation was found. On the basis of this study it may be concluded that the larvae fed with Q. semecarpifolia at higher altitudes shows better growth and development as compared with other food plants, despite prolonged larval duration.

Keywords: Tasar silkworm, Antheraea proylei J, larval characteristics, economic traits, Q. semecarpifolia

(341) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 02

TIGERS IN WOOD: LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF ELUSIVE CAT IN TROPICAL THORNY FOREST, WESTERN INDIA

Randeep Singh

1Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India Corresponding author:- [email protected], [email protected]

Tiger (Panthera tigris) serves as a flagship and umbrella species for conservation efforts in the Indian subcontinent. We monitored the isolated and westernmost tiger population in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR), western India from 2005 to 2011 using the photo-ID method. The focus of this research was to investigate the (i) trends in abundance, (ii) reproductive output of female tigers and (iii) natal dispersal pattern of tigers. The mean annual change in density increased 20% (ë = 0.8 to 2.4) for the overall population, 30% for males (ë = 0.7 to 3.4) and 10% for females (ë = 0.8 to 1.7). The mean age at first reproduction was 51.3 ± (SE) 4.5 months. Mean litter size was 2.26 ± 0.52. The birth interval was 33.4 ± 3.7 months. The mean reproductive rate was 0.59± 0.23 cubs/female/year. The average age of dispersal was 38.6 ± 2.6 months for male and 27.7 ± 2.7 months for females, respectively. The information we generated for the first time for tigers in semi-arid habitats in India, such long term study will be useful to form a part of the management effectiveness evaluation process implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India.

Keywords: Panthera tigris, RTR, GOI, NTCA.

(342) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 03

AVIFAUNAL DIVERSITY OF VARTHAN DAM AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS, CHALISGAON, DIST- JALGAON, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

A. D. Shelke

P. G. & Research Department of Zoology, B. P. Arts, Sci. and Comm. College, Chalisgaon, Affiliated to KBC. North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, State- Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected], [email protected].

This is the first report on avian diversity with original photographs of Varthan Dam and its adjacent areas, Chalisgaon, Dist- Jalgaon, Maharashtra. Diversity of avifauna is one of the most important ecological indicators to evaluate the quality of habitats. Nowadays, avifaunal diversity has been decreasing due to the destruction of natural habitats and human disturbances. Birds are an essential animal group of an ecosystem and maintain a tropic level. The green spaces become an important harbour for native and migrating bird species. Despite considerable pressure on the natural environment from land development, cities often support a surprisingly high wild bird population. The species density, diversity and relative abundance of water birds depend upon wetland characteristics such as size, water level, quality of water, availability and distribution of food resources.

In this field, work attempt has been made to record the bird diversity in winter season to of this dam. This bird diversity of Varthan Dam and its adjacent areas was studied from November 2018 to February 2019. Total 75 species including water birds and the land bird were recorded belonging to the different 31 families and 11 orders during the study period.

Keywords: Bird diversity, Varthan Dam and its adjacent areas, Chalisgaon, Jalgaon. Maharashtra. India.

(343) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 04

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST. IN WHEAT FLOUR

U. V. Kiran

DHDFS, SHSc., Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow Email: [email protected]

Rust red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum HERBST.) is proved to be a serious pest of prepared cereal products and is found in abundance in flour mills. The major problem with infestation by their species is contamination rather than actual food weight loss. Chemicals have proved to give effective control of various pests infesting the stored products but simultaneously they also create several problems such as the appearance of the resistant strains of pests and toxic hazards due to chemical residues. Hence the present study has been taken up to determine the cheap, effective and safer method for the prevention of this pest with wheat flour as a medium, being the highly preferred food by this pest. Camphor at the rate of 0.2g/kg food material was found to be the most effective in reducing the viability of this insect, followed by chili powder, asafoetida, slaked lime and black pepper at the same dose. Calcium carbonate was found to be the least effective treatment.

Keywords: Organic control; Rust-red flour beetle; Milled products

(344) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 05

POPULATION STUDIES OF PHYTONEMATODES AND THEIR EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH

Datrika Swapna., Geeta Rajalingam., and P. Nagaraja Rao

Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad Email: [email protected]

The phytonematode diversity changes were studied in Squash and Pumpkin soil samples collected and checked for the population of nematodes. After the identification soil analysis was done to study the plant growth based on the phylogenetic studies it was identified that species Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus, related to Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Hoplolaimus indicus. Thus, our present studies revealed that there is a diversity change of phytonematode based on the type of the plant. This diversity is more at the root level as it is affecting the soil physicochemical nature of the root zone. Hence, based on these results, one can develop phytonematode control methods.

Keywords: Diversity, Phytonematode, Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus revilineatus.

(345) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 06

MIGRATION IN BUTTERFLY SPECIES FROM LOWER TO HIGHER ALTITUDE

Prakash Chandra Joshi, Pasupati Nath, and Dalip Mansotra

Dept. of Zoology and Environmental Sciences Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar Email: [email protected]

It is being debated globally that a rise in the temperature of the lower atmosphere is one of the predicted consequences of climate change. Insects are now increasingly recognized as a vital parameter to assess global and local environmental changes and sustainability of developmental activities. Due to the phenomenon of climate change, species will migrate towards colder regimes. The Himalayan region will have higher changes in the temperature regime as compared to other tropical zones and consequently will show the different patterns of changes in species migration. To understand this a study was carried out in the western Himalayan region of India taking butterflies as the model faunistic components. Their community structure was studied in two different climatic regimes in the western Himalayan region continuously for a period of nine months. Insect ecologists have long been trying to fathom out the mechanism of governing insect population densities and selection of niches by various species within their habitat. Butterflies are ideal organisms for the study in climate change and its impact on invertebrate fauna because these are well understood taxonomically, and easily recognized and marked in the field , butterflies are very sensitive to local changes and even the slightest change in any of the environmental factors may cause a change in their species composition, density and activities , these can also be used as umbrella species for biodiversity conservation because sustaining habitats to conserve them will also conserve many other taxa and with their role in pollination, these are a crucial link in the food chain. For determining the status of migration in butterfly species the community structure of butterflies between two ecosystems located at different altitudes and temperature regimes was studied (Rajaji National Park and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve). A total of 84

(346) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences species of butterflies were recorded from both the study areas (46 from the higher elevation and 50 from the lower elevation). common species in both the altitudes were separated and it was recorded that 14 species of butterflies were common at both the altitudes with different temperature zones. These included: Family Nymphalidae: 1. Rahinda hardonia Stoll; 2. Atella phalanta phalanta Drury; 3. Pyramies cardui cardui linn; 4. Neptis yerburyi yerburyi But (lower altitude) Family Pieridae: 5. Pieris canidia indica (lower altitude); 6. Huphina herissa phryne Fabr; 7. Anapheis aurota aurota; Family Lycanidae: 8. Calastrina huegelli Moore; 9. Lampides bocticus Linn. Family Danaidae: 10. Euploea core Cramer (lower altitude) 11. Danus aglae Stoll. Family Papilionidae: 12. P. polytus romulus Cramer (lower altitude). Family Satiridae: 13. Yapthima balda balda Fabr (lower altitude) Family Syntomidae: 14. Ceryx imaon Cramer. The distribution was determined as per Hannygton: 1910,11.

Species like Neptis yerburyi (But.), Precis iphita siccatta, Rahinda hardonia, Pieris canidia indica, Anaphis aurota aurota, Yapthima sp., Papillio polytes romulus and Euploea core have shown a pattern in their distribution. These are very common at lower altitudes, with the abundance of their food plants and bask on a clear sunny day. However, their migration from lower to higher altitudes may be an indicator of the negative consequences of shifts in temperature, rainfall, and seasonality. Low temperatures and high precipitation in higher altitudes during summer months as compared to the lower altitudes provide more favorable environmental conditions in the higher regions. The higher rainfall is also associated with the growth of vegetation and also with the emergence of young ones during or after the rainfall ( Hannygton, 1910, Wynter – Blyth, 1957 and Vashista et al., 2002).

It is proposed to carry out detailed studies on the pattern of migration in these species between the altitudes.

Keywords: Climate change, Butterfly, Migration

(347) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 07

INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF JUSTICIA ADHATODA L. ON MEGASELIA SCALARIS

Sunitee Hansdah, Kabita Khuntia, Deepika Rana, Amrita Sahoo, and Priya Ranjan Debata*

P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003 * Corresponding author: [email protected]

Megaselia scalaris, commonly known as “Scuttle fly”, belonging to the family Phoridae. It is used as a model organism for various types of research. In this study. the effects of chloroform extract of Justicia adhatoda on Megaselia was tested. The control group of flies were fed with only base diet whereas other groups were fed with chloroform extract of Justicia adhatoda in the same base diet. The mortality rate of flies was documented each day and the diet was changed every three days. The result indicates potential insecticidal properties of Justicia adhatoda on Megaselia scalaris. Biochemical assays were carried out to decipher the mechanism for the insecticidal properties.

Keywords: Megaselia scalaris, Justicia adhatoda, insecticidal properties, Phoridae.

(348) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 08

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF BUTTERFLIES (FAMILY: PIERIDAE AND NYMPHALIDAE OF ORDER: LEPIDOPTERA) BY USING RAPD MARKERS

Vinaya Kumar Singh, P. C. Joshi and S.K. Gupta*

Deptt. of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar- 249404, India *Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun (Uttarakhand, India) Email: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

The populations of the butterfly (Danaus chrysippus, Vanessa cardui, Pieris canidia, and Pieris brassicae) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae and Pieridae) occurs in erratic habitat in Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand. In the present study, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were used to assess the results of habitat loss and fragmentation on the genetic population structure of these species. The Genetic population of the present study was moderately isolated because their FST value ranged from 0.2124-0.4527. The most geographically isolated population was also found most genetically differentiated one. The genetic population structure and genetic differentiation detected in this study were explained by differences in altitude of the sampled locations. The results obtained from the RAPD analyses were compared with different populations. From the results of present study, it may be revealed that increased fragmentation has lead to greater genetic differentiation between different populations of D. chrysippus, V. cardui, P. canidia and P. brassicae.

Keywords: Lepidoptera, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, RAPD, Western Himalayas.

(349) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 09

MITICIDAL EFFICACY OF SELECTED PLANTS EXTRACTS AGAINST PARASITIC MITES OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

Suman Mishra

Department of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Parasitic mites are common threats for the honeybee colonies worldwide. Various synthetic drugs have been used to control these mites but are beset with numerous concerns of high cost, associated side effects and rising incidences of drug resistance. In order to address these concerns and to identify alternative drug resources with no/least residual effects, in this study, some selected natural herbs viz., Latjeera (Achyranthus aspera), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Haldi (Curcuma longa) were investigated for their acaricidal effects against the mites parasitic on the honeybee Apis mellifera. Crude aqueous extract of these plants was prepared and evaluated on honeybee colony maintained in the apiary in the department following standard procedures. The results show that all the plant extracts showed miticidal activity in varying extents, and out these haldi (Curcuma longa) rhizome extract was found to be the most effective.

Keywords: Parasitic mites, Apis mellifera, Herbal plant extracts

(350) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 10

RECENT AGRICULTURE PRACTICES: THREATS TO POLLINATORS OF DIFFERENT FOOD PLANTS

*Sanjay Kumar and P. C Joshi

*Department of Zoology, KNIPSS, Sultanpur (U.P.) Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, G.K.V., Haridwar(UK.) Email: [email protected]

The present study emphasized the decline of pollinators by the use of modern agricultural practices. These practices include the use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides at an alarming rate to produce more food, which may affect badly important pollinators and alters their foraging behavior and other important activities. The chemical composition of pesticides, methods and time of their application can alter toxicity to pollinators. To avoid this decline of pollinators the pesticides should be applied to affected plants only and should not apply in the day time when pollinators remain active. Besides these above-mentioned practices, other important measures like crop rotation, use of organic pesticides, use of bio-controller agents and weeds destruction are also considered good for pest destruction.

Keywords: Pollinators, Pesticides, Crop rotation, Bio-controller agents.

(351) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 11

NEUROANATOMY OF GYRODACTYLUS ACULEATI MALMBERG, 1956, A MONOGENEAN GILL PARASITE OF THE AQUARIUM GOLDFISH CARASSIUS AURATUS.

Pragati Rastogi1 and Deepmala Mishra2

1Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut-250001 2Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh college, New Delhi Email: [email protected], [email protected]

It is a common perception that the parasitic platyhelminths possess a degenerate or lesser developed the nervous system. But recent studies indicate that the nervous system of platyhelminthic parasites is better developed than the common belief and it also plays a pivotal role in the biology of these animals than formerly believed. The present study indicates better-developed nerve cords along with the innervation of reproductive and attachment organs.

Keywords: Monogenea, Gyrodactulus aculeati, Neuroanatomy, Ventral nerve cord, Dorsal nerve cord, Lateral nerve cords.

(352) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 12

POPULATION COMPOSITION AND DEMOGRAPHY OF SARUS CRNAE (GRUS ANTIGONE ANTIGONE) IN BANSWARA DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Mohammed Yaseen*, Nazneen Sheikh and Sunil Dubey

Department of Biology, Central Academy, Chittorgarh- 312001 Email: [email protected]

Population estimation and demography of the Indian Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone) was carried out during the summer period of 2016 to 2018 in Banswara district, Rajasthan. A total of 126 Sarus crane were counted in 2006, 133 in 2017 and 153 in 2018 during the survey. During the 2016 survey, 85.71% of adults and 14.29% of juveniles were reported. In 2017, 82.09% of adults with 17.91% juveniles and during 2018, 90.52% adult and 9.48% juveniles were observed. It has been observed that wetlands were most commonly visited by Sarus cranes. During our study 76.87%, 77.16% and 82.24% Sarus cranes were seen in the inundated fields, marshes and close to the wetlands whereas 23.13 %, 22.84%, and 17.76% were found in fallow, harvested and crop fields in the three years respectively.

Keywords: Sarus Crane, Grus antigone antigone, Distribution, Abundance, Encounter rate, Demography, Status, Juvenile, Habitat use.

(353) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 13

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND DIVERSITY OF BEETLES POPULATION IN THE TEMPERATE FRUIT ORCHARDS OF KUMAUN HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Manoj Kumar Arya* and Fasuil Farooq

Insect Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263002, Uttarakhand, India [Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]]

Seasonal abundance, distribution, and diversity of beetles population were studied in temperate fruit orchards of the Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 1465 individuals of beetles (Order: Coleoptera) belonging to 39 species under 11 families and 37 genera were recorded during the study period 2016-18. Scarabaeidae was the most dominant family with 13 species followed by Coccinellidae (8 species), Chrysomelidae (6 species), Cerambycidae (5 species) and families Curculionidae, Elateridae, Meloidae, Tenebrionidae, Lucanidae, Cantharidae, and Hydrophilidae were represented by a single species each, respectively. Maximum Shannon diversity was calculated in the rainy season (3.38) followed by spring season (3.33), the autumn season (2.92) and winter season (2.63).

Keywords: Beetles, Diversity, Orchards, Season, Species, Temperate.

(354) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 14

A STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA) AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH ANTS

Ramya K. P., Varsha Vishwanatha Rajapuri, Lakshmishree S. U. and Kokilamani A. L.*

1Department of Studies and Research in Zoology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru- 572103, Karnataka, India *Email: [email protected]

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) are polyphagous sap-sucking pests of many agricultural and ornamental plants, their severe infestation causes great damage to the host plants and huge economic loss. The field survey was conducted on the diversity of scale insects and their interaction with ants in Tumkur University Campus, Tumakuru from January-2018 to June-2018 which includes visual observation, photography and identification of scale insect and ant species with the help of experts, literature survey, ScaleNet Database, and ant wiki. From the study, a total of 31 scale insect species belonging to 20 genera of 6 families were found infesting 37 different host plants. In which 18 species of 5 families were shown to be associated with 12 species of ants from 6 genera of 3 subfamilies of Formicidae. The identified scale insect species were mainly from Coccidae (12 spp.), Pseudococcidae (10 spp.), Diaspididae (5 spp.), Monophlebidae (2 spp.), Asterolecanidae and Ortheziidae (1 sp. each). Coccidae is a more diversified family among all the 6 families representing 12 species of 5 genera. The second most diversified family was Pseudococcidae (10 spp. of 8 genera). From the present study, it was concluded that the wide diversity of floral species of the study area is under threat by scale insect infestation, so, it requires furthermore studies on the integrated pest management to control spreading as well as eradicating the pests without harming the coexisting taxa.

Keywords: Scale insects, Pests, IPM, Ants, Interaction.

(355) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 15

ROLE OF HONEY BEES AND ASSOCIATED INSECT POLLINATORS IN APPLE POLLINATION, FRUIT CROP PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD IN KULLU VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

Kishor Kumar*1, S. S. Samant2, and R. S. Rawal3

1. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Himachal Regional Center, Mohal-Kullu, Himachal Pradesh 2. Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Confer Campus, Panthaghati- Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 3. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand Email: [email protected]

The honeybees and associated insect pollinators play important role in successful pollination and production of approximately 87 species of the world-leading food crops i.e., fruits, vegetables, and seeds, comprising 35% of global food production. Pollination is critical for food production and maintaining diversity, and directly links wild ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Honeybees are responsible for about 80 % pollination. The populations of natural and managed pollinators are consistently declined due to an increase in various anthropogenic activities. These are gradually affecting the crop production and quality of apple and other pollination dependent crops. Realizing the high value of insect pollinators in pollination management and quality apple production, Global Pollination Deficit Protocol was tested during 2011-2015 in 20 Apple orchards (i.e, Far and Near to natural habitat(s) with and without the provisioning of supplemental beehives) in Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh to assess the density and diversity of apple pollinators and its impact on apple production among the orchards of different treatment combinations. The observations indicated that apple bloom attracted a diverse community of 32 insect pollinators belonging to honey bees, bumblebees, carpenter bees, solitary bees, drone, Syrphid, and butterflies. Particularly,

(356) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences the location of the apple orchard from the natural habitats greatly influences the diversity and abundance of native pollinators as well as the quality and production of the apple crop. High pollinator’s density and diversity (i.e., Indian Honey bee, Bumblebee, and Solitarybees) and apple crop production were recorded from near to natural habitat orchards. No significant effect of supplemental honey bees on apple production was reported from both the treatment combination orchards of near to natural habitat. Comparatively low density and diversity of insect pollinators i.e., honey bees, solitary bees, and drone flies were recorded from distant to natural habitat orchards. A significant increase in apple production was recorded from the distant to natural habitat orchards with the provisioning of supplemental beehives in comparison to orchards without the supplemental beehives. Based on pollinators density, diversity, the effect of supplemental beehives, availability of food resources, pollination friendly practices and overall impact of habitat quality on apple crop production, the near to natural habitat orchards were identified as Non – Pollination Deficit orchards whereas distant to natural habitat orchards were Pollination Deficit orchards. Therefore, the study suggests the need for adoption and implementation of adequate conservation and management of pollinators for improving crop productivity and sustainable livelihood.

Keywords: Honey bee, Insect Pollinators, Pollination, Apple, Productivity, Conservation

OP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 16

ROLE OF BUTTERFLIES IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Shivalika Sharma, Dalip K. Mansotra and P. C. Joshi

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula KAngri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand Email: [email protected]

Butterflies are plenteous, financially and environmentally significant creatures which assume key job in the biological system. The lives of butterflies and plants are interlinked there is co- developmental connection between both sort of living beings. These are so wonderful animal, subsequently called as flying bloom. The splendidly vivid wings upgrade the stylish estimation

(357) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations of the situations. The butterflies give data about the more advantageous environment and go about as wild pointers of the biological system. Butterflies are compelling pollinators, they visit the bloom to eat nectar and get common advantages with plants. They move over long separation and convey dust to be shared crosswise over plants which are far separated from each other. The relocation of dusts energizes hereditary variety and better shot at survival against various diseases in plants. Butterflies give nourishment to different life forms, for example, most bugs, land and water capable, reptiles and fowls. These bugs additionally go about as natural nuisance control for weeds and unsafe plants. In any case, the number of inhabitants in butterflies is declining quickly because of human exercises, environment decimation and employments of pesticides and ignorance of individuals about the significance of flying blossoms.

Keywords: Butterflies, ecosystem services, pollination

(358) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS

ENTOMOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, AND WILDLIFE

(359) (360) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 01

A BRIEF STUDY ON TAXONOMY OF HELMINTH FAUNA OF SCIAENID FISHES (OSTEICHTHYES: PERCIFORMES) OF WESTERN COAST OF INDIA

Gurdyal Singh*, Ratnesh Kr. Singh and A. M. Saxena.

Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.), 226007 E-mail: [email protected]* , [email protected]

Parasites are a group of organisms that adapt to a parasitic way of life. During recent helminthological investigations of some sciaenid ûshes in the western coastal area of India, a rich parasitic fauna is found. Fishes were identified by using the key given. The present study provides the endohelminthic parasitic infestation in following sciaenid fishes, Kathala axillaris, Nibea albida, Johnius belangerii, Otolithes ruber, Johnius soldado, Pseudosciaeno axillaries, Nibea soldado, Johnius dussumieri. From these fishes, 14 species of nematodes, 1 species of Isopods, 2 species of trematodes and 2 species of Acanthocephalans were found. The aim of the study was to chart the diversity of parasitic fauna of sciaenids.

Keywords: Sciaenids, western coast, Parasitic fauna, Taxonomy, Diversity, Nematodes, Sopods, Trematodes, Acanthocephalans.

(361) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 02

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPARASITIC NEMATODE THELASTOMA BULHOESI (DE MAGALHAES, 1900) FROM AMERICAN COCKROACH PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (LINNAEUS, 1758) (BLATTODEA: BLATTIDAE) IN AURANGABAD, (M.S.) INDIA

Gavali S. V., Ashok Mote* and S. N. Borde**

*Sant Ramdas College, Ghansavangi, Ta: Ambad, Dist: Jalna. **Department of zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad,(M.S.) India Email: [email protected]

The American cockroach Periplaneta americana is found worldwide and successfully adapted to living with humans. It is the carrier of many disease-causing parasites. There are many reports of thelastomatid parasitic nematodes isolated from P.americana in many countries. Cockroaches collected from different localities of Aurangabad. Thelastoma bulhoesi population was detected from the hindgut of P.americana. The morphological characterization of entomoparasite is compared with the previous record.

Keywords: Aurangabad, Entomoparasite, Periplaneta americana, Thelastoma bulhoesi.

(362) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 03

REDESCRIPTION OF SPECIES OESOPHAGOSTOMUM (NEMATODA: CYATHOSTOMIDAE) IN OVIS BHARAL (L.) FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT (M.S.) INDIA

Ganesh Misal, Sunita Borde, and Ashok Mote

Department of Zoology Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

The present communication deals with the redescription of species Oesophagostomum (Nematoda: Cyathostomidae) from the intestine of Ovis Bharal (L.) at Aurangabad District. The redescription of species Oesophagostomum asparum is having the nematode parasites are small in size and elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented. The body is yellowish-white in colour, buccal cavity rounded, the cuticle is transversely striated. The head is very small in size, oesophagus club-shaped. Nerve ring present in the middle of the oesophagus; vagina present. The tail is pointed. Only females are observed and identified whereas males were not found.

Key Words:- Aurangabad, Nematoda, Oesophagostomum asparum, Ovis Bharal (L.)

(363) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 04

STUDIES ON PREVALENCE OF ACANTHOCEPHALA PARASITE IN FRESHWATER FISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS OF CHAPRA, BIHAR, INDIA

Shahana Perveen1 Dipti Sahay2 and Rakesh Prasad3

Department of Zoology, Jai Prakash University, Chapra-841 301 Email: 1. [email protected] 2. [email protected], 3. [email protected]

Heteropneustes fossilis are an important fish of wetlands and they are economically important as food sources of high nutritive value. In India, parasitic diseases are most prevalent among freshwater fishes. During the investigation, 300 fishes were examined from July, 2016 to August, 2017. Season-wise, it was observed that the maximum prevalence rate of Acanthcephalan infection was recorded in rainy season (26.4 percent) followed by summer season (14.42 percent) and minimum in winter season (8.88 percent), while with regard to month-wise prevalence, the highest rate of infection was recorded in July (30 per cent) and lowest in January (4 per cent).

Keywords: Heteropneustes fossilis, Acanthocephala, Infestation, Prevalence, Parasite

(364) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 05

EFFICACY OF DUNG MATERIAL OF BOS TAURUS AND ELEPHUS MAXIMUS IN THE MODULATION OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF EARTHWORM EUDRILUS EUGENIAE

Deepthi. M. P1, Jijo George1, K. Saminathan2, and P. Kathireswari1*

1PG & Research Department of Zoology, 2PG & Research Department of Chemistry Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, G.N Mills-641029, TN Email: [email protected]

Disposal of animal manure without treatment will be harmful to the environment, thus it can be converted into bio stabilized product through vermicomposting. In order to study the role of dung material of Elephus maximus and Bos taurus on the growth and reproduction of Eudrilus eugeniae, clitellated specimens were kept for 45 days under controlled conditions. Different combinations of dung material viz., 100 % elephant dung (100% ED), 50% elephant dung + 50% garden soil (50% ED + 50% GS), 50% elephant dung + 50% cow dung (50% ED + 50% CD), 100% cow dung (100 %CD), and 50% cow dung + 50% garden soil (50% CD + 50% GS) were allowed for vermicomposting process under laboratory conditions. Worm growth, maturation, and cocoon production were monitored. Results showed that the combination of 50% ED + 50% CD elevated the total number of cocoons (231±1.52), juveniles (1499±1.154), subadult (666.33±1.20) and bio-mass (3.16±0.18g). The maximum number of clitellated earthworms (3.16±0.18) was found to be in 100% elephant dung vermireactor. The present study concluded that the supplementation of elephant dung along with traditional vermiculture practices have the potential to increase the earthworm reproductive potential.

Keywords: Elephus maximus, Bos taurus, vermicomposting, Eudrilus eugeniae, reproduction

(365) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 06

POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF SAMBAR, RUSA UNICOLOR (KERR, 1792) IN THE SEMI- ARID HABITAT OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Kalpana1 and Deepak Rai2

Animal Behaviour and Wildlife Conservation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India) E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Due to human intervention, declining ungulate population at such an alarming rate may result in deprivation of the coming generation from the privilege of seeing them along with severe disturbance in the food chain. The present study was carried out on Sambar being the most common even-toed ungulate species (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) in two selected study sites namely, Bir Jhunjhunu Conservation Reserve, Jhunjhunu and Bairasar Johad in district Churu, Rajasthan (India) from July, 2018 to June, 2019. During this period, scan sampling method was used to record the number of individuals per group as well as number of such groups/sighting and Sambar were classified into five age classes which include, AM- Adult male(s); SAM- Sub-adult male(s); AF- Adult female(s); SAF- Sub-adult female(s) and FW- Fawn(s). During these fortnightly periodic visits, a total of 117 sightings of Sambar comprising of 488 individuals were sighted in Bir Jhunjhunu Conservation Reserve while in Bairasar Johad, a total of 106 sightings comprising of 389 individuals were sighted. The data revealed that Sambar individuals were sighted a minimum of one to a maximum of 11 individuals per sighting in Bir Jhunjhunu Conservation Reserve. Similarly, a minimum of one to a maximum of 12 individuals per sighting were observed in Bairasar Johad. The most common herd size during the study period was 2-6 individuals contributing about 68 percent of the total herds sighted in Bir Junjhunu Conservation Reserve and 75 percent of the total herds sighted in Bairasar Johad. The maximum number of sightings were recorded during the winter season (November to February) in both of the study sites. On the basis of field

(366) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences observations and literature cited, the herds of Sambar were divided into six categories, namely, LTM/LTF- Lone territorial male/female; UM-UF- Unimale-Unifemale herd (1 adult male/1 adult female); MxH- Mixed herds (adult male/sub-adult male/adult female/sub-adult female/fawn); BH- Bachelor herd (adult male/sub-adult male); HH- Harem herd (1 adult male/adult female/sub-adult female/fawn) and FH- Female herd (adult female/sub-adult female/fawn) comprising variable number of male and female of different age classes. In Bir Junjhunu Conservation Reserve, out of 117 sightings 36 Mixed herds, 21 Female herds, 20 Harem herds, 15 Bachelor herds, and 6 Unimale-Unifemale herds were recorded with 19 LTM/LTF sightings. Similarly, in Bairasar Johad, out of a total of 106 sightings, 30 Mixed herds, 17 Female herds, 15 Harem herds, 16 Bachelor herds, and 8 Unimale-Unifemale were recorded with 20 LTM/LTF sightings. Data regarding the seasonal variations in the sighting of different types of herds of Sambar, range of group size seen as well as mean group size of herd per sighting revealed that the sightings of mixed herds were more as compared to any other types of herds in both the study sites.

Keywords: Age classes, Group size, Population structure, Social organization, Ungulates

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 07 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANT DIVERSITY (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM GAUTALA AUTRAM GHAT SANCTUARY OF AURANGABAD DISTRICT (M.S.) INDIA

B.V. Sonune and *R. J. Chavan

Department of Zoology, Moreshwar Arts, Science and Commerce College Bhokardan, Dist. Jalna M.S. India -431114 *Dept. of Zoology,Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004 Email: [email protected]

A comparative study of ant diversity from Gautala Autram Ghat Sanctuary of Aurangabad district of Maharashtra was carried out from December 2011 to May 2012. During the present study 17 species belonging to 13 genera and 6 subfamilies were recorded from the

(367) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations study area. They belong to family Formicidae and four subfamilies such as Aenictinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae, Pseudomyrmicinae and Ponerinae. Subfamily Myrmicinae represented with 6 species belonging 5 genera from all habitats. Subfamily- Formicinae is occurring in all the habitat of study area with 4 species belonging to 3 genera, Subfamily Pseudomyrmicinae was reported with 3 species belonging to 1 genus from two sites of study area. Whereas subfamily Ponerinae with 2 species belonging to 2 different genera from two sites of the study area. The subfamilies Aenictinae and Dolichoderinae showed the least contribution each with one species and only one genus. According to Shannon Weiner diversity index forest ecosystem is more diverse than grassland, agricultural, and human habitat. The study reveals that Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary and adjacent areas an excellent habitat for ants.

Keywords: Diversity, Ants, Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 08

CONSERVATION STATUS, COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF WETLAND BIRDS IN MAN-MADE WETLANDS OF KURUKSHETRA, INDIA

Archna Sharma* and Parmesh Kumar

Department of Zoology, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India * Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Man-made, perennial and sacred wetlands of Kurukshetra, India are potential wintering ground for migratory birds. Wetland bird community assessment was conducted at four sacred wetlands for two annual cycles (April 2014- March 2016) to characterize their species richness, community composition, and seasonality. Point-count and direct observation were used to record bird species. A total of 64 species of wetland birds belonging to 17 families and 8 orders were recorded, of which 34 were winter migrants, 25 were residents and five were summer migrants. Anatidae was the most diverse bird family. The abundance of wetland birds was recorded to

(368) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences be highest in the month of January. Species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness differed significantly (p < 0.05) between seasons as well as among wetlands but did not vary significantly between the two years. Four species are listed as near threatened and one species as vulnerable in IUCN Red List. Six species having a globally declining population trend were common in the study area. This reveals that study sites are the habitats for bird species of conservation priorities. Weed infestation and anthropogenic activities remained as the major threats to avifauna. Local management and conservation measures are needed to mitigate threats to avifauna associated with these sacred wetlands.

Keywords: Diversity, Species richness, Abundance, Management, Wetland birds

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 09 EFFECT OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) ON PARASITIC MITE OF HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

Anurag Kumar Sonker, Naheda Anjum, Kamal Jaiswal and Suman Mishra*

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

The parasitic mite of honey bee (Apis mellifera) are considered as one of the most important threats to apiculture around the world. Natural medicines have been recently used as an alternative treatment for the control of these parasitic mites. The herb Neem (Azadiracta indica) has been evaluated against different parasites including helminths ticks, mites on different animal hosts. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to evaluate the miticidal activity of Neem (Azadiracta indica) against parasitic mites of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Different concentrations (0.8mg/100ml, 0.12mg/100ml, 0.16mg/100ml, 0.20mg/100ml and 0.24mg/100ml) of the aqueous extract of Neem (Azadiracta indica) were applied on managed honey bee colonies in vivo using sticky paper and cotton boll method. The phytochemical analysis of an aqueous extract of Neem (Azadiracta indica) was done. The results of the present investigation showed that the mortality rate of mites was higher at 0.24mg/100ml concentration grade and it varied in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords: Apis mellifera, Mite, Azadiracta indica, Miticidal.

(369) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 10

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ECTOPARASITES AND THEIR PREVALENCE IN WALLAGO ATTU IN RELATION TO SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RIVER PENNA, YSR KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Anu Prasanna Vankara* and Asha Kiran Modi

Department of Animal Sciences, Yogi Vemana University, YSR Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh-516005 Email: [email protected] and [email protected]

A parasitological studies on mongenean parasites was carried out on the gills of the fish species, Wallago attu (n=95) from River Penna flowing through two stations of YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh during August, 2017 to February, 2018. A total of 3202 parasites belonging to three ectoparasitic groups i.e., three monogeneans- Thaparocleidus indicus, thaparocleidus wallagonia, Mizeillus indicus, one copepod- Ergasilus malnadensis and one isopod- Alitropus typus were detected from the gills of the examined hosts. Their spatial distributions on the host gills were reported. The prevalence of these parasites were correlated to physico-chemical parameters (temperature, DO, pH, alkalinity) of the river from the two sampling sites. The results revealed the highest infection rate in Somasila backwaters, Vontimitta. Ergasilus malnadensis showed a 100% prevalence in both the localities during the entire study period. There was a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between the prevalence of these ectoparasites and some water quality parameters (temperature, DO and alkalinity). In conclusion, the ectoparasites from Wallago attu were not randomly distributed but showed site-specificity.

Keywords: Prevalence, Mean intensity, Physico-chemical parameters, Monogeneans, Wallago attu, spatial distribution, River Penna, YSR Kadapa.

(370) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 11

ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF TRADITIONAL ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTION PARAMPHISTOME PARASITE

Harshita Pandey1, Krishna Kumar Jaiswal1,2, Kamal Jaiswal1, and Suman Mishra1,*

1Department of Zoology, Babasaheb BhimraoAmbedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226025, India 2Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248007, India *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Plant-based traditional pharmacological treatments have signified economic importance and as alternatives to chemical drugs in the common infectious disease of grazing livestock i.e. paramphistomiasis. In this study, in vitro antiparasitic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa, Zinziber officinalis, Allium sativum, Syzygium aromatium, and Allium cepa were evaluated against the gastrointestinal helminths parasites. The dose/duration- dependent results exhibited varying degrees of paralytic effect followed by the death of the treated worms within 1 h at 50 mg/mL. A mortality index of e”0.5 was observed for all extracts within 1 h. An experimental mark could provide a rationale for the traditional anthelminthic product against the paramphistomiasis.

Keywords: Anthelminthic, Extract, Mortality, Paramphistomiasis, Treatment

(371) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 12

STUDIES ON THE SEASONAL VARIATION OF NOSEMA INFECTION IN HONEY BEE COLONY UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Harshita Pandey, Kamal Jaiswal, and Suman Mishra*

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Microsporidiosis/ Nosemosis is a disease of honey bee (Apis mellifera) caused by Nosema spp. found all over the world including India. Little is known about the seasonal variation of this infection in the ecosystem. In this context, the present study was designed to determine the seasonal pattern of the occurrence of Nosema infection in managed bee colonies of Uttar Pradesh. For this purpose honey bees of different age groups was collected, homogenized and observed under the light microscope for microsporidian spore counting. Spores were quantified by haemocytometer and results showed that the adult honey bee was receptive of this infection. It was further observed that the infection level was higher in winter and autumn season in the adult bees, whereas nurse bees were less infected and seasonal infectivity was found to be consistent throughout the year.

Keywords: Microsporidiosis, Nosema, Seasonal variation.

(372) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 13

ETHNOENTOMOLOGICAL VALUE AND PROBIOTICS ISOLATION OF EDIBLE MICROTERMITE (ODONTOTERMES OBESUS) OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA, INDIA

Ankita Mohanty, -Subhrakanta Jena*and Hemanta Kumar Sahu

P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Mayurbhanj, Odisha Email: [email protected]

Since inception, humans have collected ideas to utilize the plant and animal products as per their traditional knowledge which became more pronounced with the use of modern tools and knowledge, to address the challenges of the changing world. The study has been undertaken to isolate probiotic bacteria from micro termite (Odontotermes obesus). This species is consumed by some tribes in the Mayurbhanj district. Probiotic isolation infers that out of 7 isolates, 6 isolates have shown positive antimicrobial response towards human pathogenic bacteria. Further molecular analysis of these isolates can produce healthy and effective probiotic products.

Keywords: Microtermite, Traditional value, Probiotic isolation, Mayurbhanj district.

(373) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 14 PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTH PARASITES OF PIGS SLAUGHTERED AT LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)

Kamal Jaiswal, Suman Mishra, Amit Kumar Singh, Divyam Srivastava, and Anjum Bee

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow- 226025 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Helminthiasis, caused by helminth parasites, is one of the most common infections affecting the health of pigs and indirectly small livestock holders are in great economic loss. According to month, age and gender-wise prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of Sus scrofa was studied from June, 2018 to November, 2018 in the Parasitology lab of Zoology Department, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. In this study, 147 gastrointestinal tracts of carcass pig were examined, out of which 80 gastrointestinal tracts of pigs were found to be infected with helminth parasites. The overall prevalence of parasites was 54.42%. During the study period, Ascaris suum (32.50%) was the most prevalent parasite than the Strongyloides spp. (20%), Fasciolopsis spp. (15.00%), Taenia solium (6.25%). Month wise prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite of pigs was higher in the month of August (73.91%) and low in November (43.47%), the age- wise prevalence was higher in adult group (3.0-4.0 year) (70.00%), than the piglets (<1.0 year) (37.93%). Females (56.25%) were more prone to infection than males (52.23%) during the study period. So it is suggested that deworming is necessary to avoid the risk of pig endoparasites and the types of anthelmintic drugs should be changed annually.

Keywords: Helminthiasis, Sus scrofa, Parasites, Anthelminthic drugs, National economy.

(374) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 15

ECOBIODIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLIES IN SATPUDA RANGES OF DHULE DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA.

Ahirrao I. S.

P.G. Dept. of Zoology. S.S.V.P.S. L.K.D. P.R.G. Science College Dhule.Dhule-424005 Email: [email protected]

Ecobiodiversity means the effect of the environment which plays an important role in the life of plants and animals like butterflies and month too. So taking this fact, I have observed the species of butterflies from Dhule district from June 2015 to January 2019. In this biodiversity study, we observed various species of 9 Nymphalidae, 4 Papilionidae, 9 Pieridae and 2 theclinae etc. out of these 6 species are rare species.

Keywords: Eco-biodiversity, Butterflies, Lepidoptera, Satpuda ranges, Dhule, North Maharashtra Region (NMR).

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 16

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA AND ITS ASSOCIATED SYMBIONT AND NOTE ON THEIR EFFICACY AGAINST INSECT PESTS

Aashaq Hussain Bhat* and Ashok Kumar Chaubey**

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004, India Email: *[email protected], **[email protected]

During surveys of agricultural soils of Western Uttar Pradesh, India, three strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, labeled DH7, DH8, and CH21 were isolated using insect baiting technique. Morpho-taxometrical studies and molecular data confirmed these isolates

(375) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations belong to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, making this finding the first report of this species from Uttar Pradesh India. We performed a molecular characterization of the bacterial symbiont of H. bacteriophora. Further we evaluated its virulence against three insect pests, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and Galleria mellonella and finally, we attempted to assess its distribution using a meta-analysis of GenBank records. The morphology and morphometric studies and molecular data (ITS and D2D3 rDNA) were conspecific to the original description with minor deviations. The sequences of bacterial 16S gene have shown that the symbiont of H. bacteriophora is closely related to Photorhabdus laumondii. Our analysis of the distribution has shown that H. bacteriophora is most ubiquitous throughout the South Africa subcontinent, but it is rarely found in the Indian subcontinent having been isolated from 3 states throughout the country. In the virulence assay, all three strains caused 100% mortality of the tested insects suggesting that this species could be considered for use in biocontrol of these pests in India.

Keywords: Heterorhabditis, ITS, D2D3 domain, Meta-analysis, biocontrol

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 17

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF SNAKEHEAD FISH FROM GOMTI RIVER (TRIBUTARY OF THE GANGA RIVER), UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW, INDIA.

Vikas Gautam, Neelam Kumari Gautam, and A. M. Saxena*

*Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Snakehead fish widely consumed throughout South East Asia, China and India because of their good taste of meat and high nutrient values such as the presence of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and Omega-6 fatty acid. Parasitic infection constitutes significant economic loss in fish production so it is important to us that the fisheries sector must grow day by day to meet the demand of fish. But unfortunately, helminth parasites play an important role in

(376) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences decreasing the production of fishes by parasitizing in their intestine and body tissues. The aim of this work was to study the diversity of helminth parasites in snakeheads fish. A total of 913 fishes of Channa punctatus and 347 fishes of Channa striatus were examined. A total of 3,482 helminth parasites were recovered, with an average of 2.76 parasites/fish. All these fishes at least harbor six genera of acanthocephalans, trematodes, nematodes, and cestode. Channa punctatus possess Pallisentis spp., Allocredium sp., Genarchopsis sp., Neocamallanus sp. and Senga sp. while C. striatus harbor all these helminth parasites but in place Neocamallanus sp., Procamallanus sp. recorded. Our study explores the diversity of helminthic parasites in snakeheads. These types of studies may be helpful in improved management of infectious diseases and increase fish productivity.

Keywords: Fish, Helminth, Parasites, Snakehead

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 18

HOST PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APIS MELLIFERA AND NOSEMA CERANAE

Kamal Jaiswal*, Suman Mishra, Amit Singh, Rajeev, Saumya Sharma, and Swati

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025 Email: [email protected],[email protected]

Apiculture is providing supplementary profits to humans in rural areas and is taken up as a major source of earnings. Honey bees are vital and not only best for honey but additionally for different merchandise like wax, propolis, venom, and many others. They are natural pollinators. But nowadays these advantages are significantly tormented by specific sicknesses caused by diverse parasites that might be ectoparasites or endoparasites. Endoparasites live inside the body in their host. Nosema apis and Nosema cerenae are obligate intracellular parasites of grownup honey bee midgut epithelial cells that causes nosemosis. For analyzing the host parasitic relationship between Nosema and Apis mellifera, 545 honey bees have been captured and morphological identification of Nosema was carried over. Honey bees

(377) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations had been amassed from the campus of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow using defensive protection like gloves and bee viles. Temporary slides of Nosema were organized. Slides have been determined underneath the imaging microscope to look at the host parasitic courting between Apis mellifera (host) and Nosema (parasite).

Keywords: Apiculture, Microsporidia, Nosemosis, Host parasitic relationship.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 19

A STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF DROSOPHILID SPECIES FROM TUMAKURU, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Shilpa M. S., Sharanya, and Swathi P.*

Department of Studies and Research in Zoology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru-572103, Karnataka, India *Email: [email protected]

A study on the diversity of Drosophilid species was undertaken in Tumakuru District, Karnataka, India by trapping the flies on banana baits. A total of 18 species of 6 subgenera of Drosophilid were found from the study area- Tumkur University campus, Tumakuru from January to May 2019. Most of the species recovered from the area were noticed to be cosmopolitan in their distribution. The subgenus Sopophora was found to be a more diversified subgenus with 12 species followed by Subgenus Drosophila with 2 species and the remaining 4 subgenera with one species each. Phorticella striata was found to be a dominant species with 31% of the total species recorded from the study area. The ecological factors of the study area were witnessed the rich diversity of Drosophilid species. The present study establishes baseline data for future research as it is first of its kind with respect to the Tumakuru district.

Key Words: Drosohila, Phorticella striata, Tumakuru, Diversity

(378) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 20

SEASONAL DIVERSITY AND STATUS OF INSECT FAUNA OF KUMAUN UNIVERSITY, NAINITAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Surabhi Bisht* and Manoj Kumar Arya

Insect Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263002, Uttarakhand *Email: [email protected]

Present investigations were undertaken to know the species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of insects in the D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital. Monthly surveys were carried out during three different seasons from May, 2018 to April, 2019. A total of 1428 individuals of 62 species of insects under seven orders and 26 families were recorded during the entire study period. On the basis of total number of species and individuals of insects recorded, Lepidoptera was the largest order followed by Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and Odonata respectively. Seasonal variations affected the diversity and higher value was recorded in the rainy season (3.424) followed by summer (2.339) and winter (1.897), respectively.

Keywords: Abundance, Diversity, Insects, Species and individuals.

(379) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 21

INSECTS AS SOURCE OF FOOD AND MEDICINE IN MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT OF ODISHA, INDIA

Sushree Sudha Das, Subhrakanta Jena* and Hemanta Ku. Sahu

P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada-757003 Email: [email protected]

Insects are a fascinating and diversified group of animals of phylum Arthropoda. Many past records reveal the relationship between the human and insect since ancient time. Scientific studies have carried out on plant species but very few reports have done on ethnoentomology. The present work was conducted in Mayurbhanj district through questioner survey to collect the traditional information of various insect species used by the tribes. A total of 9 insect species are reported belonging to 8 families, 7 orders and 7 genera. These insects are traditionally used for food, medicine, and economic purpose. The documentation regarding traditional knowledge on insects will help to discover modern medicines.

Keywords: Insects, Mayurbhanj, Traditional knowledge, Tribal groups, Scientific evaluation

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 22

FAUNA OF ODONATA AT RANKALA LAKE, KOLHAPUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Sunil Madhukar Gaikwad

Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. 416004. Email: [email protected]

Odonates are excellent habitat indicators of present and past environmental conditions in aquatic habitats. The objective of the present study was to check out the diversity and abundance of Odonates around the lentic habitat, Rankala lake. A total of 91 individuals

(380) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences was recorded from four localities around the Rankala lake comprising 10 species (1 unidentified) of Dragonflies and 3 species of Damselflies distributed over 13 genera belonging to 3 families. Family Libellulidae has a monopoly (8 species) while families Macromiidae and Coenagrionidae were represented by 1 and 3 species respectively. Among the four selected sites, the Choupati site has shown maximum diversity, which is might be because of low degree pollution at this site. However, species abundance was found to be more at the Padpath Udyan site as this site has good vegetation and shallow water edge. The present study indicates that the aquatic habitat with good vegetation is most suitable for Odonata life, but it should be pollution-free.

Keywords: Diversity, Dragonfly, Damselfly, Rankala, Kolhapur, Maharashtra.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 23

STUDIES IN RELATION TO HALIPEGUS MEHRANISES (HEMIURDAE: TREMATODE ) INFECTION IN THE FROG RANA CYANOPHLYSIS IN ARA (BIHAR)

Bibha Verma and Poonam Kumari

Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar, India Email: [email protected]

Digenea is a wide and diverse group of trematode whose members are able to parasite all classes of vertebrates having a vast effect on the population of planorbid freshwater snails of two genera Biomphalaira and Bulinus they have a direct impact on the health of vertebrate and the biodiversity of agricultural fields and ultimately loss in the yield of major crops. So a monthly examination of a total of 406 from Rana Cyanophlyctis – 213 males and 193 females in Ara area over a period of one year has shown the incidence of Halipegus mechanisms ( Trematoda parasite in stomach ) infection to be 33% in general population , 28% in male frogs and 38% in female frogs . Infection is prevalent throughout the year but high in February ( 40% ). Most trematode burden is significantly higher in winter than in summer and rainy seasons. Incidence of infection is not associated with season and sex of

(381) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations the host and there is no significant relationship between the incidence of infection and worm burden of Halipegus in 3-4 during April – July, around 5 during August – November and 6- 8 December to February.

Keywords: Digenea, Trematode, Infection, Halipegus mechanisms

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 24

CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE 1 BASED DNA BARCODING OF ORDER - COLEOPTERA FROM JAMMU REGION, INDIA

Sunali Bandral*, Charul, Sourabh Sharma and Rakesh K Panjaliya.

*Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006. *Email id: [email protected].

Morphological identification of order-Coleoptera requires taxonomic expertise. Geneticists have developed a molecular technique for more accurate and precise identification of different species called DNA Barcoding. The present work has been done on DNA barcoding of 20 collected coleopteran insect samples for species identification and Phylogenetic analysis based on the amplification of a 650 bp region of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). DNA extraction was carried out for all the samples. The gene was amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction using site-specific primers. PCR products were visualized under UV after staining with ethidium bromide. PCR products will further be subjected to automated DNA sequencing. On the basis of generated sequences interspecific and intraspecific phylogenetic analysis will be carried out. The raw sequences so generated will be annotated by using BLAST and MEGA6. At last sequences will be submitted to BOLD and GenBank.

Keywords- COI, Coleoptera, DNA Barcoding.

(382) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 25

VIRULENCE OF HETERORHABDITIS INDICA AGAINST TOBACCO CUTWORM (SPODOPTERA LITURA)

Suman*, Aashaq Hussain Bhat, Aasha and Ashok Kumar Chaubey**

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250005, India Email:*[email protected]; **[email protected]

Two effective strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were isolated from the soils of agriculture fields of western Uttar Pradesh by soil baiting technique. On the basis of morphometrical and molecular tools, nematodes were identified as Heterorhabditis indica and these isolates were labeled as CH22 and CH23. These strains were tested for their efficacy against the Spodoptera litura which is one of the harmful polyphagus pests infecting the agriculture fields throughout the country. Four different concentrations of these strains viz. 25, 50, 100 and 200 IJs/ Larva were used six-well plate bioassays experimentation and mortality was checked at a different exposure time of post-infection period. Both the strains showed good pathogenicity against the targeted pest. The strain CH22 caused 100% mortality at 72 hours after infection while a strain CH23 was two or three times more effective and caused complete mortality only after 48 hours of infection. LC50 and LD50 also confirmed the high pathogenic nature of strain CH23 when compared with other strain. Heterorhabditis indica is an indigenous strain to the Indian subcontinent and also reported to be compatible with a number of agrochemicals and their use can offer a cost-effective alternative to pest control worldwide.

Keywords: Heterorhabditis, Bioassay, Spodoptera

(383) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 26

RELATIVE EFFECTS OF INCUBATION ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERS OF MULBERRY SILKWORM (BOMBICIDEAE: LEPIDOPTERA)

Bhagwan Mishra

P.G./University Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya-824234, (BIHAR) Email: [email protected]

The principle objectives or purposes of this abstract is to study the Relative effects of incubation on quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry silkworm, (Bombicideae: Lepidoptera). The mulberry silkworm requires an initial incubation temperature of 300C and also ascending temperature at eggs level for desired fertility, production, productivity, quality of cocoons of mulberry silk and it’s yarn. The results obtained in the present study have revealed that among the egg surface treatments of (1): constants temperature- (100C, 200C, 300C) and (250C, 300C,350C) (2): Variable temperature:- (200C- 100C-300C) (300C- 250C-350C) (250C- 100C-300C), (250C- 100C-350C) (250C- 200C-300C) and (250C- 200C-3580C) (3): Ascending temperature: (100C < 200C <300C) and(250C < 300C <350C) (4): Descending temperature: (300C > 200C>100C) and (350C > 300C >250C) (5): Chilling temperature: (50C or 100C) The relative impact of sets of ascending temperature on eggs surface treatment in respects of quantitative and qualitative characters of mulberry silkworm emerged as the best treatment at sets and indicates. The mulberry eggs essentially required optimum temperature for desired hatching and further growth which in terms influences the productivity and quality of mulberry silk. The findings of the present study suggests that for obtaining proper yield and good silk, an appropriate range of temperature and pH should be managed during the rearing of silkworm.

Keywords: Entomology, Sericulture, Mulberry, Silkworm, Cocoon, Incubation.

(384) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 27

EVALUATION OF MITICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LATJEERA (ACHYRANTHES ASPERA) AGAINST PARASITIC MITES OF HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

Suman Mishra* and Shivani Srivastava.

Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao University, Lucknow. *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

The Honeybee is a key pollinator. It provides pollination services for a variety of agricultural crops. It increases production of about 75 % of our crop species. But nowadays populations of Honey bees are drastically decreasing. Mites’ infestation especially Varroa destructor is the major cause of Colony Collapse Disorder.The present investigation has been carried out to study the miticidal activity of Latjeera (Achyranthes aspera) against parasitic mites of honeybee (Apis mellifera). The number of dead/fallen mites on thick white paper sheet at bottom of hives was used to determine the mite mortality. The result revealed that among the different concentration (70%, 80%, and 100%) of aqueous plant extract of Latjeera, the third concentration (100%) was found to be most effective than the other two concentration 70% and 80% concentration shows moderate effectiveness. Mortality of mites was high in third concentration i.e., 100%. The aqueous leaves extract of Achyranthes aspera caused 80.5 % mite mortality.

Keywords: Miticidal, Achyranthes aspera, Parasitic mites.

(385) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 28

STUDY ON THERAPEUTIC USE OF INSECTS IN BARIPADA, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT OF NORTH-EAST INDIA

Subhrakanta Jena*, Anjali Panda, and Hemanta Kumar Sahu

Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Mayurbhanj-757003, Odisha *Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Therapeutic studies of animals, especially insects have been neglected compared to plants. An attempt was made to study the consumption of insects and their products as traditional medicine among the tribes of Baripada, Mayurbhanj district of North-East India. Information was collected through questioner survey. A total of 3 different insect species and its products are used for treatment of different ailments. As we found these insects are using in diseases like common cold, fever, jaundice, anemia, injury, enteric problem, cough, asthma, chest infection, etc. Further studies on validation of these therapies using modern scientific techniques with the co-operation of tribal communities would probably go a long way leading to discover of drugs that are more novel.

Keywords: Therapeutic use, Insects, Traditional medicine, Baripada, Drugs

(386) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 29

MITICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF CURCUMA LONGA AQUEOUS EXTRACT AGAINST PARASITIC MITE OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.)

Sneha Kumari, Seema Verma, Kamal Jaiswal and Suman Mishra*

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow-226025. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Certain species of mites have proven to be the most fatal parasite of Apis mellifera also causing low working efficiency of its host. The use of conventional drugs in controlling the parasitic mites has negative effect due to their residues in honey, wax, etc. In recent times, extract of various plants like Thymus, Neem, etc. has been explored as potential acaricide. This study was conducted to analyze efficiency of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa (turmeric) against parasitic mites of honey bee. The phytochemical analysis of Curcuma longa was done and aqueous extract was prepared using soxhlet. Percent mortality at different doses (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) of aqueous extract was recorded at interval of 24 h duration for 5 days for each dose. The result showed that the 100% dose was most effective. So it can be concluded from this study that turmeric may be a lead to be exploited further as a potent miticidal drug.

Keywords: Parasitic mites, Apis mellifera, Aqueous extract of Curcuma longa.

(387) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 30

EFFECT OF EARTHWORM EXTRACTS ON MOSQUITO LARVAE

Sima Padme, Namrata G. Mahajan, Manojkumar Z. Chopda and Yogita Y. Falak.*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India425002 *Email: [email protected]

The present study evaluates the larvicidal activity of earthworm extract against the mosquito larvae. It is the first attempt of evaluation of larvicidal activity by using earthworm extract. Mosquitoes are today’s big problem since responsible for number of diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Amoebic dysentery, Filariasis, etc. Some methods such as fumigation and spraying of insecticides like DDT, Gammexane, and Pyrethrum at breeding places of mosquito. This issue has bad impact on the environment. Some plant extract prove as good insecticidal properties, however, the environment affected by over-harvesting of plant fauna. There is needed to be a supplementary remedy for control the overproduction of mosquito. The earthworm is cheap source for this purpose. Earthworms are abundantly available and easy to culture. In present study, the earthworm extract use against 4th instar larvae of mosquito. The concentrations of earthworm extract use for larvicidal activity are 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 mg/L. The mortality percentage at 500 and 2500 mg/L is 26.67 ± 4.22% and 83.33 ± 6.15% respectively, with treatment of earthworm extract after 24 hours. The mortality percentage at 1000 and 2000 mg/L is 43.33 ± 6.15% and 80.00 ± 5.16% respectively, with the treatment of earthworm extract after 48 hours. The LC50 value at the 24 and 48 hours 1584.89 and 1188.50 mg/L respectively; is capable to control the mosquito larvae. On the basis of results, the present study reveals that the earthworm extract has an ability to kill the mosquito larvae.

th Keywords: Earthworm extract, 4 instar mosquito larva, LC50 value.

(388) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 31

BIOEFFICACY OF STEINERNEMA ABBASI (CS39) AGAINST GREATER WAX MOTH (GALLERIA MELLONELLA)

Shreyansh Srivastava and Ashok Kumar Chaubey*

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004, India *Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been demonstrated to be effective against a diverse group of agricultural pests and identified as being promising biological control agents of key insect pests. Steinernema abbasi (isolate CS39) was isolated from the soils around the rhizosphere of spinach from village Puwarka, Saharanpur (29° 57' 34.8984'’ N and 77° 32' 56.6052'’ E), India. The present isolate was tested for its pathogenicity and recycling potential against Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera. A positive correlation was observed between nematode penetration and progeny production. The mean production was recorded 101× 103(14 × 103 –168.7 × 103) against G. mellonella while it was 629.6 3 3 3 × 10 (39×10 -88×10 ) against Helicoverpa armigera. Results revealed that isolate CS39 was highly virulent against H.armigera and caused 100% mortality within 60 hours as compared to G. mellonella for 70 hours. Investigation confirms that the present isolate of S. abbasi (isolate CS39) showed good reproductive potential against target insect pests. Results revealed that the isolate CS39 is highly virulent against the polyphagous pest H.armigera, it has tremendous potential to be used as biopesticides against insect pests and can be applied further in the Indian IPM program and accordingly the formulation may be developed for commercial production.

Keywords: Bio-control, Bio-efficacy, Helicoverpa armigera, Galleria mellonella,

Entomopathogenic nematodes, pathogenicity, LC50, Steinernema abbasi.

(389) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 32

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THREE SPECIES OF INDIAN SPIDERS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE, HERSILIIDAE, LYCOSIDAE)

Shiva Sharma* and Ramakrishna S

Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India *Email: [email protected]

An improved air-dried method was performed to prepare spider chromosomes. Chromosome data are reported for 3 species belonging to families Pholcidae, Hersiliidae and Lycosidae from India. The number of diploid chromosomes(2n) in both males and females and sex-determining mechanism of each species were determined as follows: Crossopriza lyoni: 2n=23 (XO ) male, Crossopriza lyoni: 2n=24 (XX )female, Hersilia savignyi: 2n=30 (X1X2O ) male, Hersilia savignyi: 2n=32 (X1X2X3X4 ) female, Hippasa agelenoides: 2n=28 (X1X2O ) male , Hippasa agelenoides: 2n=30 (X1X2X3X4 ) female . During the first meiotic division 11, 14, 13 autosomal bivalents were found in Crossopriza lyoni, Hersilia savignyi and Hippasa agelenoides respectively. Crossopriza lyoni have metacentric and submetacentric type of chromosomes. In Hersilia savignyi chromosomes are acrocentric and rod shaped in Hippasa agelenoides.

Keywords: Sex determining mechanism, Autosomal bivalents, Diploid chromosomes.

(390) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 33

A STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF DROSOPHILID SPECIES FROM TUMAKURU, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Shilpa M. S., Sharanya, Swathi P.*

1Department of Studies and Research in Zoology, Tumkur University, Tumakuru-572103, Karnataka, India *Email: [email protected]

A study on the diversity of Drosophilid species was undertaken in Tumakuru District, Karnataka, India by trapping the flies on banana baits. A total of 18 species of 6 subgenera of Drosophilid were found from the study area- Tumkur University campus, Tumakuru from January to May 2019. Most of the species recovered from the area were noticed to be cosmopolitan in their distribution. The subgenus Sopophora was found to be a more diversified subgenus with 12 species followed by Subgenus Drosophila with 2 species and the remaining 4 subgenera with one species each. Phorticella striata was found to be a dominant species with 31% of the total species recorded from the study area. The ecological factors of the study area were witnessed the rich diversity of Drosophilid species. The present study establishes baseline data for future research as it is first of its kind with respect to the Tumakuru district.

Key Words: Drosohila, Phorticella striata, Tumakuru, Diversity

(391) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 34 ON A REDESCRIPTION OF SPECIES OF RAILLIETINA (FUHRMANN, 1920) FROM GALLUS DOMESTICUS AT AURANGABAD (M.S.) INDIA

Sapna Lohat and Sunita Borde

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad Maharashtra Email: [email protected]

The present investigation deals with the study of cestode parasite Raillietina parviuncinata, Meggit, 1924 found in Gallus domesticus at Aurangabad district M.S India. The present worm resembles with Raillietina parviuncinata, Meggit 1924 in having all essential morphological characters, having scolex dome-shaped, suckers overlapping, neck narrow anteriorly, mature segments broad and square, testes oval in shape, ovary multilobed.

Keywords: Aurangabad, Cestode, Gallus, Ovary.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 35

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF STRIPED HYENA IN OUTSIDE PROTECTED AREA, RAJASTHAN

Debashish Panda, Paul Babu, and Randeep Singh*

Amity Institute of Forestry and Wildlife, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India *Corresponding author:- [email protected], [email protected]

Striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena) are nocturnal scavengers having long-ranging and solitary forager behavior, living in small groups with unknown compositions. It feeds on a variety of vertebrates, invertebrates, and vegetation and plays an important biological role in consuming

(392) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences carrion and occurs in a human dominated landscape. In the present study, we studied the factors associated with the distribution of striped hyena in the outside protected area, Rajasthan, India. A total of 110 signs were collected through sign survey (i.e., pugmark, scat) and camera traps using a grid of 3×3 km2 grids. We collected ecological variables using ground survey i.e. availability of livestock carcass number and total livestock biomass and remotely sensed variables i.e. availability of forest cover, distance from the water body, distance from human habitation, rocky area. Our result endorsed the prediction of both livestock carcass number, distance from human habitation were influenced the distribution of hyena respectively in the region. This elasticity (inhabited areas close to humans) demonstrated by striped hyenas is an exception among carnivore communities living in this semi-arid habitat.

Keywords: Nocturnal, Forager behavior, Carcass number

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 36

STRESS LEVEL OF SILVER PHEASANT

Rachana Singh

Dept. of Zoology, D.G. College, Kanpur Email: [email protected]

The ability of a nonradioactive antigen to compete with radioactive antigen for the available binding sites on the antibody molecules is the theoretical basis of RIA. If the amount of radioactive antigen and the number of antibody binding sites is fixed, the amount of radioactivity associated with the antibody is a quantitative function of the mass of nonradioactive antigen present in the assay tube Silver pheasant has been studied for one year. Blood samples were collected monthly to compare cortisol levels in captivity. The level of cortisol in almost all the samples were beyond the detectable limit as the bird was in captivity and hence no stress during flights

Keywords: Radioactive, RIA, Cortiol

(393) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 37

TAXONOMIC STUDY OF ANTS SUB-FAMILY MYRMICINAE (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM KALABURAGI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA.

Rabiya Begum and Shashikanth H. Majagi*

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi (Karnataka) India *Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Vijaynagar Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari-583105 E-mail: [email protected], *[email protected]

The present investigation was carried on to examine the ecological diversity, distribution and species richness in different sites at Gulbarga University Campus, Kalaburagi. The current study deals with the taxonomic study of ants belonging to sub-family Myrmicinae of family Formicidae from Kalaburagi district, Karnataka, India. The study was carried out during Nov 2018-May 2019. During the present study, ants were randomly collected from the campus of Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka and recorded 3 species belonging to 3 genera. The study shows that Solenopsis germinate is an abundant species than the other recorded species. The identification process is further going on and in the coming days, few more ant species might be recorded.

Keywords: Ant, Taxonomy, Kalaburagi, Myrmicinae, Solenopsis germinate, diversity

(394) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 38 STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL, PUPICIDAL AND INHIBITION OF MEDICINAL PLANT ORTHOSIPHON THYMIFLORUS (ROTH) SLEENSEN VAR TOMENTOSUS (HOOK.F.) SLEENSEN AND MICROBIAL INSECTICIDE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST THE MALARIAL VECTOR, ANOPHELES STEPHENSI

R. Saravanamoorti. 1 , P. Mathiyazhagan1 and P. Thiyagarajan, 2 ,

1Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, JKK Nataraja College of Arts and Science, Komarapalayam, Namakkal-DT Pin-638183, Tamil Nadu, India, Email: [email protected] 2Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu, India, Email: [email protected]

Malaria and other vector-borne diseases contribute to the major disease burden in India. One of the methods to control these diseases is to control the vectors for the interruption of disease transmission. In the past, synthetic organic chemical insecticides based intervention measures for the control of insect pests and disease vectors have resulted in development insecticide resistance in some medically important vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue fever. During the last decade, various studies on natural plant products and biopesticides against mosquito vectors indicate them as possible alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides. In the present investigation, the novel pesticide Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleensen var Tomentosus (Hook.F.) Sleensen and Microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis were used as larvicidal, pupicidal, and inhibition for the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi. Laboratory bioassay proved the mosquitocidal activity of the medicinal pesticide Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleensen var Tomentosus (Hook.F.) Sleensen and Microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi.

Medium lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated using the observed mortality.

Keywords: Medicinal Plant, Orthosiphon thymiflorus, Microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, Anopheles stephensi, Larvicidal Pupicidal, Inhibition.

(395) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 39 ROLE OF BIRDS AS KEYSTONE SPECIES IN TEMPERATE FORESTS OF GARHWAL HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Sudesh Kumar, M. S Bisht and Sunil Bhandari

Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), BGR Campus Pauri Garhwal-246001 Email id: [email protected]

The present study was conducted to observe the role of birds as keystone species in temperate forests of district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand lying between 29°45´ to 30°15´N latitude and 78°24´ to 79°23´ E longitude. The field study was conducted from April, 2015 to March, 2017. Line transect method was used to record the birds of the temperate forests of district Pauri Garhwal. A total of 152 species of birds belonging to 09 orders 43 and families were recorded in the study area. Out of the total birds recorded, 13 species (8.55%) birds like Grey headed woodpecker Picus canus, Scaly bellied woodpecker Picus squamatus, Brown fronted woodpecker Dendrocopos auriceps, Himalayan woodpecker Dendrocopos himalayensis, Rufous bellied woodpecker Dendrocopos hyperythrus, Crimson breasted woodpecker Dendrocopos cathpharius, Grey headed pygmy woodpecker Dendrocopos canicapillus, Greater yellow nape Picus flavinucha, Darjeeling woodpecker Dendrocopos darjellensis, Fire breasted flower pecker Dicaeum ignipectus, Green tailed sunbird Aethopyga nipalensis, Purple sun bird Nectarinia asiatica and Himalayan vulture Gyps himalayensis were identified as keystone species in the study area. These species has a very large effect on the community through both direct and indirect pathways and a significant influence on the ecosystem function and also maintains the structure of an ecological community, affect many other organisms and help to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community. When these species are removed or disappear from the ecosystem, cause dramatic and adverse changes to the rest of the community. Therefore, birds are very sensitive to environmental changes and are used as a bioindicators, habitat modifiers, scavengers, predators, pollinators etc.

Keywords:- Birds, keystone species, temperate forests, Pauri Garhwal.

(396) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 40

PROBIOTICS ISOLATION OF RED WEAVER ANT (OECOPHYLLA SMARAGDINA) OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA, INDIA

Pratik Kumar Rath, -Subhrakanta Jena* and Hemanta Kumar Sahu

P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Mayurbhanj, Odisha Email: [email protected]

Currently, the population explosion is leading to challenges like malnutrition and health hazards. To overcome these problems, alternative sources of nutritive and active medications should be explored. In this investigation, the Red weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina), consumed by ethnic tribes of Mayurbhanj district, is selected for study, which aimed at isolation and biochemical characterization of probiotic bacteria. A total of 10 isolates were obtained, which were identified based on the results of colony morphology, antibacterial property, and biochemical assay. 8 isolates were identified as probiotic Bacillus species based on their antimicrobial activity. Further research can be used for the discovery of new effective products.

Keywords: Red weaver ant, Ethnic tribes, Mayurbhanj, Probiotic bacteria, Biochemical test.

(397) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 41

EFFECT OF SPHAERANTHUS INDICUS LINN AGAINST ANOPHELES SPECIES.

Patil Himshuka, Mahajan Namrata G. and Chopda Manoj Kumar Z.*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India 425002 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Methanolic extract (MeOHx) and a semipurified alkaloidal fraction (SAF) of a flower of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn were tested for larvicidal activity against Anopheles species, the vector of malaria. MeOHx and SAF exhibited significant larvicidal activity against III rd and IV instar larvae. SAF showed 100% mortality at 5 mg/ml after 3 h. LD50 values of MeOHx against IIIrd and IVth instar larvae of Anopheles species were 5.75 mg/ml (÷2= 2 rd th 2.87) and 3.87 mg/ml (÷ = 0.85) respectively. LD50 values of SAF against III and IV instar larvae were 0.76 mg/ml (÷2= 0.80) and 0.75 mg/ml (÷2= 0.22) respectively. As compared to IVth instar larvae of Anopheles, IIIrd instar larvae were highly sensitive.

Keywords: Larvicidal, Sphaeranthus indicus Linn, Flavonoid, Alkaloid.

(398) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 42

POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SILK MOTH ANTHERAEA SPP.

Pashupati Nath1, P.C. Joshi2 and Kishor Kumar3

1Department of Civil Engineering, Roorkee college of Engineering, Roorkee 2Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Gurukula Kangari University, Haridwar 3Gobind Balabh Pant National Institute Himalayan Environment Sustainable Development, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh Email:[email protected]

This study was carried out to record the population dynamics and species diversity of silk moth in different study sites of Uttarakhand. A total of 315 individuals of Antheraea spp. were collected from the study sites of Uttarkashi district during the study period 2014 and 2015, the maximum number of 87 individuals were collected from Chaurangikhal followed 60 individuals from Raditop region of Uttarkashi district. The species diversity of Rudraprayag in the first year (2014) of the study was maximum (0.380) at Ghangasubangar and minimum (0.254) at Badeth region, while during the second year (2015) the maximum and minimum values were (0.440) and (0.4004), respectively. The species diversity of Uttarkashi in the first year (2014) of the study was maximum (0.250) at Chaurangikhal and minimum (0.198) at Raditop, while during the second year (2015) the maximum (0.389) at Raditop and minimum (0.269) at Chaurangikhal.

Keywords: Population dynamics, Species diversity.

(399) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 43

THREATS TO OAK TASAR WORM ANTHERAEA SPP. AND THEIR FOOD PLANTS

Pashupati Nath1, P.C. Joshi2 and Sanjay Kumar3

1Department of Civil Engineering, Roorkee college of Engineering, Roorkee 2Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Gurukula Kangari University, Haridwar 3Department of Zoology, K. N. I. P. S. S., Sultanpur Email:[email protected]

The present study was carried out during 2014 and 2015 at different areas and after to report important threats of oak tasar worm. A total of 19 species of pests and predators were recorded, which were detrimental to food plants of silkworm as well as silkworm larvae and their cocoons at the rearing station. The pests included 6 species (Alcaeoorhynchus Grandis, Dalpada spp., Phymata spp., Hypomeces squomosus, Frog hopper, Lilioceris spp.) have been reported along with 19 species in both year of study period. Alcaeoorhynchus grandis, Dalpada spp., Phymata spp., Hypomeces squomosus, Lilioceris spp. damage to the leaf of the food plant of the silkworm, while Frog hopper sucks the sap of food plant. In predators species a total 13 species with 3 species of insect (Podisus spp., ,Vespa affinis, Praying mentis), 8 species of birds (Spotted dove, House sparrow, White-throated Kingfisher, Verditer flycatchers, Jungle crow, Himalayan Bulbul, Red-billed blue, Magpie Urocissa erythrorycha and 2 species (Reshus maqau, Rattus rattus) of mammals were found predators.

Keywords: Threat, Pest, Predator, Rearing.

(400) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 44

DIVERSITY AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF THE BIRD COMMUNITY IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF DISTRICT PANIPAT, HARYANA, INDIA

Parmesh Kumar* and Sharmila Sahu

Department of Zoology, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Agricultural landscapes provide a variety of habitats and support the rich diversity of avifauna. Bird surveys were conducted from April 2016 to March 2017 to document the diversity and temporal variation of the bird community in the agricultural landscapes of the Panipat district of Haryana. Point-transect and direct observations were used to record bird species. A total of 103 bird species belonging 44 families and 15 orders were identified. The highest species recorded were from the order Passeriformes (48), followed by Pelecaniformes (15) and rest 13 orders. Ardeidae with a representation of 8 species was the most diverse family in the study area. The agricultural landscapes support 80 residents, 17 winter migrants, and 6 summer migrants. Most bird species were insectivorous (35) followed by carnivorous (27), omnivorous (26), granivorous (9), frugivorous (5) and nectarivorous (1). Species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness differed significantly (P < 0.05) between seasons as well as among habitats. Among recorded avifauna, four species are listed as near threatened in International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list; six species are listed in Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and five species are included in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Furthermore, five species having a globally declining population trend are still common in the study area. We hope that this study will provide a baseline for future research on the management and conservation of existing bird species in agricultural landscapes.

Keywords: Bird community, Agricultural landscape, Diversity, Conservation, Haryana, India.

(401) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 45

BRYOZOA AND SPONGE: A PERIPHYTIC ASSOCIATION

Nirmiti D. Nimbalkar and Satish S. Mokashe

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

The present study deals with the understanding association of periphytic community with special reference to bryozoa and sponge at Mombata and Kagzipura reservoir from January to July 2019. The reported periphyton comprises Rotifers, Protozoa, Filamentous Algae, Molluscan egg mass, Sponge and Bryozoa. This study will be helpful to understand the real picture of the community structure of the limnetic ecosystem and their interdependence.

Keywords: Periphyton, Bryozoa, Sponge.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 46

CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE IN A CONNECTED WORLD - AI AND IOT TECHNOLOGIES COMING TO RESCUE

Nimisha Karnatak

International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore Email: [email protected]

According to the United Nations IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) Biodiversity Report of May 2019, approximately one million species are at risk of extinction out of which 40 percent are amphibian species, more than one-third of marine animals, and around 10 percent of insects. While the reasons behind this widespread disappearance are multifaceted, illicit activities such as poaching and wildlife trafficking are pushing endangered species closer to extinction. Ivory also called

(402) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences white gold is one of the biggest reasons that has made the elephant population the worst sufferers of poaching. It is estimated that at least 33,000 elephants are killed each year for their tusks in the African continent alone; whilst the Asian elephant has also been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1986. Military weapons, radio communication, and other technological tools are increasingly being used by poachers to track their prey; meanwhile, rapid urbanization is leaving less space for these wild animals to find places to survive.

This unfortunate state of affairs poses a relevant question for our times - Have the advancements in technology only accelerated the process of extinction of other species? Moreover, can there be a way of employing technology in a way that preserves and protects nature and wildlife? This paper thus proposes a way for humans to be able to reconcile with nature using state-of-the-art technology that is also partly responsible for this imbalance. Environmental monitoring technologies that combine Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with conventional monitoring technologies (e.g. remote sensing), and Environmental Sensor Networks (ENS) can be deployed to prevent poaching and perform wildlife monitoring. Smart Earth is one such environmental monitoring technology that is a collection of environmental applications of the Internet of Things. This technology when combined with Artificial Intelligence based decision making, can bring about a change in the approach towards wildlife conservation, by providing a holistic view of the movements of animal clusters, threats in their surroundings and making predictions about Spatio-temporal information on possible attacks. Through this paper, we have explored the possibility of preserving the elephant population using the technology described above.

Keywords: Wildlife, IOT, AI, elephants, endangered species.

(403) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 47

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF PLANT EXTRACTS AS BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST SITOTROGA CEREALELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) ON STORED MAIZE GRAINS

Nilesh B. Jawalkar 1* and Sureshchandra P. Zambare 2

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431 004, (M.S.) India. E-mail: [email protected]

The economic loss due to pest attack in stored commodities is a serious problem worldwide. The insecticidal activities of Caesalpinia bonduc seed and Tagetes erecta flower extracts against Sitotroga cerealella was investigated in the laboratory condition. It was observed that Soxhlet’s extracted extracts of C. bonduc seed in ethanol, chloroform, acetone and T. erecta petals extract in chloroform & n-Hexane were effective to control the pest. The

Probit analysis of data demonstrated that LD10, LD50, LD90 and LD99 values for all the tested solvent extracts. Moreover, both chloroform and ethanol extract produced a stronger repellent activity against the test insects than acetone. The efficacy of extracts increased with the increase in dose. These results suggest that, C. bonduc seed T. erecta flower extracts may be used in grain storage against insect pests after proper dose formulation to prevent infestation.

Keywords: Angoumois grain moth, Caesalpinia bonduc, Tagetes erecta, Soxhlet, Biopesticide, Infestation.

(404) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 48

DIVERSITY OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INDOOR BIOME IN JAMMU DISTRICT, J&K, INDIA.

Neha Jamwal* and Sanjay Bhatia

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu-180006 *Email: [email protected]

Association of insects and other arthropods with humans is since time immemorial. Since the evolution of human society, the insects successfully and very rapidly made use of our resources, both, for shelter as well as food. The ability of humans to store food, construct houses, practice agriculture and domesticate animals, brought different arthropod species into the daily lives and domiciles of humans. Most of our lives inside homes is spent surrounded by insects that affect out property as pests and our health as disease vectors and producers of sensitizing allergens. This is the first ever study to quantify the biodiversity of household insects in tiny ecosystems within our homes and other associated concerns. By investigating the diversity of this domestic wildlife, we hope to shed more light on the unique ecosystems inside our homes as the indoor biome is Earth’s fastest growing environment. Extensive survey of insects associated with human dwellings and associated concerns were carried out during 2018 in the entire Jammu district covering various tehsils. The survey yielded 41 species within human dwellings and various household commodities under 11 orders namely: Coleoptera (34%), Diptera (24%), Lepidoptera (10%), Blattodea (7%), Hymenoptera (7%), Orthoptera (5%), Hemiptera (3%), Phthiraptera (3%), Zygentoma (3%), Dermaptera (2%) and Isoptera (2%). Besides that, 8 more species were recorded whose exact identification could not be done.

Keywords: Indoor biome, Household insects, Stored grain pests, Vectors, Structural pests, Books/Clothes/Carpet pests, Nuisance pests.

(405) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 49

MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY OF SITAMATA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, SOUTH RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Neha Dashora*, Mohammad Yaseen, Shreya Dangda, Rishika Kalantra and Rudraksh Dadhich

Dept. of Biology, Central Academy, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) -312001 Safel, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)-312001 *Email:- [email protected]

Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary (74° 25´-74° 40´E and 24° 04´-24° 23´ N), established in 1979, is situated in the Southern region of Rajasthan in Pratapgarh and Udaipur district where three ancient mountain ranges of Central India namely the Aravalli, the Vindhayas and Malva plateau meet together forming the northwestern limits of teak forest.It is the most unique ecosystem with the second richest biodiversity (after Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary amongst protected areas of Rajasthan). Mammalian surveys were carried out in this Sanctuary, during April 2017 to June 2019. A total of 29 species of mammals belonging to 17 families and 8 orders were recorded. Of these, Order Carnivora is represented by 37.94% species, Rodentia is represented by 24.14% species, Cetartiodactyla is represented by 17.24% species, Chiroptera is represented by 2 species and Primates, Pholidota, Lagomorpha and Eulipotyphla are each represented by 1 species.

KEYWORDS: Sitamata, Wildlife, Sanctuary, Mammals, Census, Species.

(406) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 50

ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF THESPESIA POPULNEA AGAINST THE MEDICALLY IMPORTANT DENGUE VIRUS VECTOR MOSQUITO AEDES AEGYPTI

Navaneethan M and R.S. Mohanraj*, S. Raja.

Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Email: [email protected]

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many medically important pathogens and parasites such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes, which cause serious diseases as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, filariasis and zika. Aedes aegpti are considered dangerous and they spread dengue virus fever. The control of mosquito by the chemical substance is not safe. A wide selection of trees and shrubs has been found to contain phytochemicals that may be of use in the control of mosquitoes. Additionally, ethanol was found easier to penetrate the cellular membrane to extract the intracellular ingredients from the plant material. The results showed that the ethanolic leaf extract of Thespesia populnea possesses significant larvicidal properties against Ae.aegypti. The ethanolic leaf extract of T. populnea treated eggs exhibited an allayed hatchability and this may be due to the action of phytochemicals present in the extract. The extract may inhibit the hatchability of the eggs by interfering with their chorion. Any compound that can cause permeability or disruption to the chorionic layers in order to effectively deliver compounds that can terminate embryogenesis can be considered for the development of effective ovicides. When eggs were directly exposed to high concentrations of the compounds, more chemicals entered the eggshell, which affected the embryogenesis. Freshly laid eggs obtained from the general stock of mosquitoes were tested for their hatching ability in relation to the different concentrations of ethanolic leaf extract of T.populnea. Percent hatch of eggs placed in control medium was 91.65 % whereas in 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% concentrations it was 81.65, 65.00, 43.33, and 13.33. The 0.9% dose completely arrested hatching eggs. The

(407) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations decrease in hatchability was found to be dose-dependent. The findings of the present investigation were comparable with other ovicidal studies and revealed that the T. populnea ethanolic leaf extract possesses ovicidal activity against the eggs of Ae. aegypti.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Thespesia populnea, Dengue vector, Ethanolic leaf extract, Control of mosquito larva.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 51

ACTIVITY PATTERN AND BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF INDIAN SARUS CRANE (GRUS ANTIGONE ANTIGONE) IN CHITTORGARH DISTRICT, SOUTH RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Mohammed Yaseen*, Nazneen Sheikh , Ammar Ul Islam and Sunil Dubey

*Department of Biology, Central Academy, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan Email: [email protected]

The study provides basic information about Indian Sarus Cranes’ day to day activities and behavioral patterns under various circumstances. Along with the Activity patterns, Yearly Activity Budget, Seasonal Activity Pattern of three distinct seasons was also analyzed. In case of male Sarus crane, the major portion of daily activities throughout the year was allocated to Foraging & Feeding with monthly relative frequency varying 8.45% to 33.7%. Loafing accounted for 7.2% to 20.68% of the time. Standing activity accounted for a minimum of 6.6% to a maximum of 21.36% of monthly time budget through the year. Resting activity accounted for 3.72% to 8.34%. Time spent in Vigilance ranged from 5.25% to 9.35%. Calling accounted for 0.1 to 5.31% of monthly time 0.95% ± 1.78. Time spent in miscellaneous activities ranged from 7.5% to 22.49%. Environmental factors are very important in regulating animals’ activities. Animals show behavioral changes to accommodate with the surrounding environment. In case of female Sarus crane, the percent relative frequency of Foraging and Feeding activity accounted for 8.25% to 33.11%. Loafing accounted for 6.15% to 20.32%. Standing activity accounted for 17.06% ± 4.23 of time. Resting activity accounted for 5.47% ± 1.35. Time spent in Vigilance ranged 6.55% ± 1.00. Calling accounted

(408) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences for 0.99% ± 1.7. Time spent in miscellaneous activities ranged 16.31% ± 4.52. Nesting activities were confined to the month of July and August. Both parents spent more than 50% time in nesting in the month of July. In case of the male, the time devoted to nesting activity was 56.85% in the month of July and 53.9% in the month of August. In the present investigation, most of the activity time was allocated to foraging and feeding and loafing throughout the year, except the July and August months when the duration of different activities was reduced, to allocate maximum possible time for nest formation which was most imperative than other routine activities.

Keywords: Indian Sarus crane, Grus antigone antigone, Activity patterns, Foraging, Feeding, Loafing, Nesting, Relative frequency, Seasonal.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 52

EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL VARIANTS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BLOOD PARASITES OF HEMIDACTYLUS FLAVIVIRIDIS AND CALOTES VERSICOLOR

Neelima Gupta* and Manju Bhaskar

*Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024 D.B.S. College Govind Nagar Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur Email: [email protected]

Parasites comprise a vast diversity of organisms that are specially adapted to living on or another organism. Reptilians may act as hosts of apicomplexan and coccidian intracellular blood parasites. Apicomplexan includes Plasmodium spp, a causative agent of malaria and coccidian parasites include Hepatozoan. The present piece of work has been undertaken to provide academic information and to execute studies on ecological variants on haematozoan infectivity. The fresh blood of lizard was taken out with the help of minor cut at the base of a tail and one drop of blood and one drop of saline was mixed and covered with a coverslip

(409) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations and examined microscopically. Lizards were infected with Hepatozoan and Plasmodium. They revealed the presence of gamogonic stages of Hepatozoan as young and slender forms, growing forms, mature forms, and extracellular forms. Plasmodium showed different morphologic types as trophozoite, schizont, and gametocytes as micro and macro- gametocytes. The blood parasites occurrence was also interpreted according to different ecological variants. According to different habitats, Hemidactylus showed the presence of Hepatozoan as 5.29% in Bareilly and 16.21% in Mirzapur whereas Calotes had 19.04% infection from Mirzapur. Plasmodium was recovered (2.70%) only in Hemidactylus from Mirzapur. Male and female lizards also had different frequency of parasites as male lizards were more prone to infection. Hepatozoan was 7.14% and 30% in male Hemidactylus and Calotes respectively and 6.25% and 8.69% in female Hemidactylus and Calotes respectively whereas Plasmodium was found only in female Hemidactylus with very low infection (1.04%). Lizards were categorized into three weight groups as Group I (0-5gm), Group II (5-10gm) and Group III (10-15gm) and larger lizards were found more heavily infected as compared to smaller lizards. Hepatozoan infection was higher in Group III as 17.85% in Hemidactylus and 21.42% in Calotes while Plasmodium occurred only 2.08% in Hemidactylus. The above studies indicate that Mirzapur was a favorable habitat for Hepatozoan and Plasmodium infection. Studies also indicate that male lizards and larger lizards were more prone to blood parasite infection.

Keywords: Hemidactylus, Calotes, Hepatozoan, Plasmodium, Habitat, Sex, Size.

(410) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 53

BUTTERFLY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND TRANSECT SURVEY METHOD IN KOTTAGIRI, NILGIRI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA.

V. Dhivyasree and M. Lekeshmanaswamy*

Department of Zoology Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore -641 029 Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

During a survey of July 2018-Oct 2018, 262 species of butterflies were recorded by the transect method from Kottagiri, Nilgiri district, Tamilnadu. During the survey, 262 individuals of ten butterflies were observed by the transect method. October shows the maximum abundance (n=102) of which includes 38.93%, followed by August (n=61) which represents 23.28%, July (n=50) which consists of 19.08%, September (n=49) found to be least which encompass of 18.70%, were recorded. Biodiversity indices like Shannon, Simpson indices were calculated. Our findings are important with respect to monitoring butterfly and plant diversity and defining conservation strategies in Kottagiri Nilgiri district, Tamilnadu.

Keywords: Butterfly, Transect, Abundance, Indices

(411) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 54

SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF MEALYBUG PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS (TINSLEY), ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES IN COTTON AND ITS CORRELATION WITH WEATHER FACTORS IN JALNA (MS), INDIA

Laxmikant V. Shinde, Satish N. Harde, and Ganesh. B. Phalke

Applied Parasitology Research laboratory, Department of Zoology, JES College, Jalna (431203) Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Field studies of Bt and non Bt cotton fields conducted in Jalna district reveal that the maximum population of mealybug observed 82.33 and 68.4 per 10 cm of the apical shoot during 2013 and 2014. While natural enemies like Coccinelid, Crysoperla and Spider observed with an average population of 1.77, 2.11, 0.68 and 1.94, 1.76, 0.29 per plant during 2013 and 2014 respectively. Incidence of parasitized cocoons observed 31% and 26% during 2013 and 2014. Correlation studies indicate weather factor, maximum temperature shows a positive correlation with mealybug population r=0.20 and r=0.62 and with parasitized cocoons r=0.31 and r=0.59 during 2013 and 2014 season.

Keywords: Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Natural enemies, Bt Cotton, Weather factors.

(412) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 55

PREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL NEMATODES IN CAPARA HIRCUS (GOAT) IN LUCKNOW REGION, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Kamal Jaiswal*, Suman Mishra, and Jyoti Pandey

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow-226025, Email Id: [email protected], [email protected]

Nematodes are a serious menace for small ruminants, prevalent all over the world. They cause nematodiasis which is an important pathogenic disease in livestock animals causing severe economic loss. In this study, 355 Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tracts of freshly slaughtered goats were investigated from November 2014 to October 2016 for the prevalence of GI nematodes. Out of these 231 (65.1 %), gastrointestinal tracts were found to be positive. Four nematode species were identified namely Haemonchus spp. (62.3 %), Oesophagostomum spp. (36.1 %), Bunostomum sp. (27.9 %), Trichuris sp. (56.3 %). Month-wise prevalence was found significantly (Pd+0.05) highest in September; Haemonchus spp. (88.5 %), Oesophagostomum spp. (65.4 %), Bunostomum sp. (61.5 %), Trichuris sp.( 80.8 %) whereas lowest in December; Haemonchus spp. (11.3 %), Oesophagostomum spp. (11.3 %), Bunostomum sp. (7.4 %), Trichuris sp.( 33.3 %). Seasonal incidence was found significantly (Pd+0.05) highest for Haemonchus spp. ( Monsoon = 83.1%; Summer = 61.0 %; Winter= 42.9 % ) through all over the season followed by Trichuris sp.( Monsoon = 69.5 %; Summer= 55.9 %; Winter= 43.7 % ), Oesophagostomum spp. (Monsoon = 51.7 %; Summer= 33.0 %; Winter= 23.5 %) and Bunostomum sp. (Monsoon = 42.4%; Summer= 27.1 %; Winter= 14.3 %).

Keywords: Nematode, Small ruminants, Gastro-Intestinal tracts, Prevalence

(413) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 56 FALL ARMY WORM ((SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA, LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE ): AN INVASIVE INSECT PEST AND ITS ENTRY IN INDIA – AN OVERVIEW

Jwellery Mittra1, Sarita Kumar2, and Harish Chandra3

1Zoology Department, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 2NCDC (NICD), 22 -Shamnath Marg, Delhi 3RSRS, Central Silk Board, Sahaspur- 248197, Dehradun, Uttarakhand State Email: [email protected]

The insect generally known as pests are the most important group of animals on Earth. Recently a major invasive, migratory & exotic insect pest called “Fall Army Worm (FAW)” was observed in India infesting Maize crop. Basically, FAW is native to America and first reported by J.E. Smith, in 1797. While in June 2016 it was also detected in Africa and spread rapidly in 44 countries within two years. FAO declared it as a food security threat in the African continent. Other than Maize it can feed on more than 80 plant species like rice, sorghum, millet, sugarcane, cotton, etc. In India, it invaded in June 2018 as reported in Karnataka state, thereafter spread in more than 20 states. As per secondary data report available, the area affected due to FAW during 2018-19 in India was 245,254.40 ha and maximum damage was found 211,300.00 ha in Karnataka state. Various research institute & organizations like ICAR, SAU, PPQ & S (CIPMC,s & CIBRC) and Pesticides & Bio- pesticide manufacturing firms have taken initiation for control of FAW & protection of crops. Directorate of PPQ & S Faridabad and its CIPMC,s are engaged in survey & surveillance programs and dissemination package & practices to farmers & stakeholders. As per available information, CIB & RC had recommended the usage of certain pesticides for trial and certain bio-pesticides & bio-control agents are also used for control of FAW & management. Presently FAW is spread to Bangladesh Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, and even China. In the present paper, the light is thrown on approach for control of FAW and the use of Pesticides, Bio-pesticides & Biocontrol agents for crop protection.

Keywords: Fall Army Worm, Invasive, Migratory, Infestation, Crops.

(414) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 57

REDESCRIPTION OF HEMICRICONEMOIDES ROSAE (RATHOUR, SHARMA, SINGH & GANGULY, 2003) FROM WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Himani Sharma*, Aasha, Aashaq Hussain Bhat and Ashok Kumar Chaubey**

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004 (UP) India Email: *[email protected], ** [email protected]

Morphological and molecular characterizations of nematodes are mandatory in order to develop suitable management strategies. The nematode isolate labeled HCN was recovered from soil samples collected around the rhizosphere of sugarcane from district Meerut and were found plant-parasitic due to the presence of long stylet on their labial region. The isolate was found to be species of Hemicriconemoides due to the presence of extra cuticular sheath with smooth annuli. The morphology and morphometric data of the isolate were close to Hemicriconemoides rosae and hence confirmed the same. The species was diagnosed by the presence of a prominent and elevated labial disc, long stylet, pharynx not overlapping intestine, presence of membranous sheath around the vulva, tail conoid, dorsally convex with the sheath enclosing the tip in the females. Males were not observed. The morphometric measurements were in close proximity with original descriptions with deviations. The species was further characterized by small-subunit rDNA studies, and this is the first record of the study of 18S rDNA of H. rosae.

Keywords: Plant-parasitic nematodes, Hemicriconemoides rosae, Saccharum officinarum, Annuli, 18S rDNA

(415) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 58

STEINERNEMA ABBASI (RHABDITIDA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) AND ITS EFFICACY AGAINST LEPIDOPTERAN AND COLEOPTERANS PESTS

Aasha*, Aashaq Hussain Bhat and Ashok Kumar Chaubey**

Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University,Meerut-250004, India Email: *[email protected], **[email protected]

Three isolates of Steinernema abbasi (DS4, DS6 and DS7) were recovered from the agricultural fields of district Meerut (28°58’17.58"N, 77°43’9.62"E), India. Morphological characters especially presence of horn like structures on labial region indicated that the strains were closely related to the “bicornutum” group’ of Steinernema spp. Based on morphology, morphometric and molecular analysis, the isolated nematode was conspecific to Steinernema abbasi. The analysis of ITS rDNA sequences revealed that at positions, 211 and 407, T and A are present in studied strains while in the type species, AY230158 two unambiguous sequences Y and R are present at same locations. No difference was observed in D2D3 domain of 28S rRNA. These isolates were also tested for its virulence against three lepidopteron major pests, namely, Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and one coleopteran i.e. Holotrichia serrata with good efficacy on the virulence except H. serrata. Strain DS7 was more pathogenic compared with other two iso;ates at LD50 values of 7.28, 5.65 and 17.65 Infecting Juveniles, respectively against G. mellonella, H. armigera and S. litura.

Keywords: Bicornutum, 28S rRNA, Steinernema abbasi, ITS rDNA

(416) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 59 AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE POLLINATING INSECTS OF BERBERIS SP. IN NAINITAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Aarti Badoni* and Manoj Kumar Arya

Insect Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand *E.mail: [email protected]

The most significant plant phenomenon through which sexual reproduction is feasible is the act of pollination. Berberis sp. is extremely useful in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, studying the impact of pollination on Berberis sp. is essential. Insect sampling was performed to explore the diversity of insect pollinators from 7:00 am to 3:00 pm. Results showed that the highest abundance and species richness of pollinator occurred at 8:00 am to 1:00 pm. In the course of the study, a total of 17 species were noted, of which Diptera is most abundant with 7 species, while Coleoptera is least abundant with single species. Therefore, this study can suggest strategies for attracting pollinator insects.

Keywords: Berberis, Insect, Pollination, Species, Pollinator.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 60 DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR THE SURVEILLANCE OF SUCKING PESTS AND POD BORER IN CHICK PEA AGRO ECOSYSTEMS

*G. Ramesh1 and P. Nagaraja Rao2

1*Dept. of Zoology, SLNS College, Bhongir-508116, Yadadri Bhongir Dist, Telangana 2Dept. of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State Email: [email protected]

Chick Pea, (Cicer arietinum L.) is a leguminous Pulse crop commonly called “Chana” or “Bengal gram”. It is the third most important cool season grain legume in the world. It is very

(417) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations important component of cropping systems of dry, rain-fed areas because it can fix 80-120 Kg nitrogen into Nitrates and Nitrites, both of which are useful for the plant’s metabolism. (Papastylanou, 1987). Chickpea, besides being a rich source of plant protein, also helps in maintaining soil fertility through its symbiotic bacterial activity. India accounts for 68% of the total global output of chickpea. The crop is raised mostly marginal farmers. Several factors are responsible for the low production and productivity of the crop are poor genetic base, weeds, diseases, and insect pests. Around 60 insect species are known to feed chickpea (Reed et al., 1987). This study forms the baseline data for better planning and controlling the pest management strategies in the semi-arid tropics of Telangana State of India. Most specifically, this study aimed at a survey of sucking pests and pod borer on chickpea crop under field conditions during the Rabi seasons for three years.

Keywords: Chick Pea, Leguminous crop, Symbiotic bacterial activity, Rabi seasons.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 61

PRESENT STATUS OF THREATENED AND NEAR THREATENED AVIFAUNA IN THE POKKALI WETLANDS OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA

Surya Babu S.1 and K. Raju Thomas2

1.Department of Zoology, Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala-689 103 2. Department of Zoology, (M.G. University, Kottayam), Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala-689 103, India Email: [email protected]

The Pokkali wetlands of Ernakulam District, Kerala are Important Bird Areas under the Central Asian Flyway and Vembanad Ramsar site in India. They are unique, nutritive, biodegradable and biodiverse tidal wetland ecosystems. Intense study was carried out from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 in the Pokkali wetlands of Ernakulam District. Five different study stations were selected. A total of 14 avifaunal species belonging to the Threatened and Near Threatened category were recorded, of which Three are Threatened

(418) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

(T) and 11 are Near Threatened (NT). Out of the Three Threatened (T) species, Two are Vulnerable (V) and One is Endangered (E). The recorded avifauna represented Seven Orders and Eight Families. Basic data collection on these avifauna is vital for the implementation of proper conservation strategies. The increased occurrence of these avifauna in the study area highlights the healthy nature of the ecosystem and the environment.

Keywords: Pokkali wetlands, Central Asian Flyway, Vembanad Ramsar site, Vulnerable (V), Endangered (E), Near Threatened (NT)

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 62

DISTRIBUTION AND LARVAL BREEDING HABITATS OF AEDES MOSQUITO SPECIES IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND.

Sundar Singh and Iftikhar Ul Haq

Department of Zoology, D.A.V.(P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248001 Email: [email protected]

The district Dehradun reports the maximum number of cases of dengue in the state of Uttarakhand. This study was done to determine larval diversity, density and breeding site preferences of Aedes mosquitoes during premonsoon, Monsoon and post-monsoon periods in urban and rural areas of Dehradun. The Aedes mosquito is a vector for transmitting many arboviruses. Knowledge of the breeding habitat of this vector is vital for implementing appropriate interventions. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the breeding habitats and the presence of Aedes mosquito species in the study area.

A house-to-house cross-sectioned survey of Aedes mosquito breeding habitats was carried out in selected sites of Dehradun during January to December 2018, using the WHO standard techniques. All available water-holding containers present in and around houses were inspected for the presence of immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes and they were collected and reared to the adult stage for species identification. In the larval survey, the house index (HI), container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI) were computed as risk indices.

(419) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

Of the 483 houses surveyed for the presence of Aedes mosquito larval breeding, 134 were found to be positive for larvae. During the survey, a total of 687 containers were inspected, of which 214 were found to be infested with Aedes mosquito larvae, with a container index of 41.8, a house index of 26.5, and a bretau index of 29.4. The most common Aedes mosquito breeding habitats were discarded tires (58.6%), followed by mud pots (31.2%). Of the 1,102 larvae and pupae collected and reared, Aedes aegypti (51.2%), Ae. albopictus (14.5%), Ae. vittatus (5.7%) and Culex species (28.6%) were identified. Discarded tires were the most preferred breeding habitats for Aedes mosquitoes. Ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever in this region, suggesting a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the study areas.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Ae. aegypti, Arbovirus, Dengue.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 63

A SURVEY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF BEEKEEPERS OF BADAUN DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Abhishek K. Gupta1, Dhananjay Yadav1, Pradeep Kumar1, Km. Reshu1, Neeshma Jaiswal,*1 and S.K. Malhotra2

1Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar, University, Lucknow- 226025, U.P., India. Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad- 211002, U.P., India. *Email: [email protected]

Rearing of honeybees or beekeeping is called apiculture. Apiculture has appeared as a fast growing, interesting, hobby and ideal agro-based subsidiary enterprise, providing nutritional food substances and income to the people in the rural areas. The present study shows the socio-economic profiles of the beekeepers of the ten villages of district Badaun, U.P. and mainly focuses on their educational background, experience in apiculture activities, age,

(420) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences sex, production of various bee products. Additionally, the present study also explained that majority of beekeepers fall in the age-group of 30-50 years; have secondary education followed by graduation, while some old beekeepers have relatively good experience and skill. The study also shows that the production of Badaun district of U.P. is slightly lower than other districts’ average production and reveals the economic importance of beekeeping on beekeepers. Few of beekeepers in this district (35%) underwent full-time apiculture technique and majority amongst them (65%) participated in part-time apiculture. The total bee products yield contribution from this district can be improved and contribute significantly to overall bee products yield of the entire state through training programmes by Khadi and Gramodhog, National Bee Board, and various institutional and skill development programmes.

Keywords: Apiculture, Bee products, Badaun, U.P., Economic importance, Skill development.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 64

DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF SOIL MICRO - ARTHROPODS IN A SUBTROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM, UTTARAKHAND

Priya Chaudhary, Namita Joshi, and Meha Bora

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Email: [email protected]

This study was carried out to determine the diversity and abundance of soil micro-arthropods in the two forest ranges i.e. Motichur and Chilla of Rajaji national park in Uttarakhand. The QBS index was also determined to assess soil biological quality. A total of ten taxonomic groups of soil micro-arthropods were recorded i.e. Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera (Larvae), Acari, Isopoda, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda, and Symphyla. Out of which nine were found in Motichur and seven were found in the Chilla forest range. The value of diversity index of micro-arthropods and abundance was found greater for Motichur

(421) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations i.e. 0.873 and 24.66 as compared to chilla i.e. 0.733 and 21. Motichur forest range has the highest biological quality soil as compared to the Chilla forest range.

Keywords: Diversity, Abundance, QBS index, Micro- arthropods.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife – 65

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC TRAITS OF OAK TASAR SILKWORM ANTHEREA PROYLEI J.

Dalip Kumar Mansotra*, Shivalika Sharma, Gaurav Pant, Meera Goswami and P. C. Joshi

Department of Zoology & Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [Corresponding author E-mail*: [email protected]]

The effect of varied climatic factors viz. temperature and humidity biology of the tasar silkworm was carried out during the spring season at RTRS, Bhimtal by subjecting the 4th and 5th instar larvae of tasar worm to different range of temperature and relative humidity. It is observed that mortality rate was least at temperature ranging from 22-26 ºC and 80-85% of relative humidity. The larvae showed maximum growth and development at this range of temperature and relative humidity. It was also observed that weight of pupa and shell reared at temperature 22-26 ºC and 80-85 % relative humidity was relatively more as compared to other temperature and RH range. Any fluctuations in temperature and humidity from these ranges showed retarded growth and development of the larvae. In addition to this, the study accentuates the character of different environmental factors on the embryonic development of silkworm and highlights about the care required during different stages of life cycle. The study includes the steps to be taken for the management of the climatic condition and to improved quantity and quality of silk produced in future.

Keywords: Antherea proylei J., Temperature, Relative humidity, Growth, Development

(422) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife-66 MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AVIAN MYCOPLASMA

Amit Kumar Ghoshal and S. P. Ghoshal

Charaktala, Duilya, Dist. Howrah (W. B. ) Pin – 711302

Avian pleuro pneumonia-like organism is one of the etiological agent of chronic respiratory diseases of poultry. In the present study 40 isolates from 909 live, dead birds and dead in cell embryos. Size of avian mycoplasma colony varies from 0.05 to 0.2mm out of 44 isolates only 10 isolates were a nipple, while the rest of the isolates were having a nipple in the center of the colonies stained by dines stain.

Keywords: Mycoplasma, Pneumonia, Etiological agent, Birds.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 67 FACTORS INFLUENCING A LEAST CONCERN SPECIES TO BE EXTINCT: CASE STUDY ON INDIAN FLAP-SHELL TURTLE (LISSEMYSPUNCTATA)

Ardhendu Das Mahapatra* and Sudipta Kumar Ghorai

Coastal Ecology Research Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Egra S.S.B. College, Egra, PurbaMedinipur, West Bengal, 721429, India. *Corresponding author Email:[email protected]

Indian Flap-shell Turtle Lissemys punctata is native to Southeast Asia and a highly trafficked species in the Indian sub-continent. Indian flap-shell turtle listed in IUCN as the least concern, in CITES, Appendix II and in Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act listed Schedule I species. But in the last few decades over-harvesting for meat, traditional medicine and aquarium pet are the major threats for species survival. We have employed our survey from May 2018 to June 2019 in Purba and Paschim Medinipur districts of West Bengal to understand the turtle

(423) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations trading route, dynamics and factors influencing trading. Additionally, we have gathered different seize related data performed by Forest officials and other wildlife crime investigation departments. Information from previous literatures, market surveys and interactions with local peoples we have identified the critical factors playing a key role for the worst future of this species. If a measureable conservation action plan is not taken as early the species may disappear very soon.

Keywords: Lissemys punctata, CITES, Conservation.

PP – Entomology, Parasitology, and Wildlife - 68

DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATION AND ALERT GENERATION FOR MONITORING A SILKWORM REARING HOUSE ENVIRONMENT

Rakesh B L, Ranganath G M.

India is 2nd largest country in the silk production, after china and India has 2, 82,244ha mulberry cultivated area, 1, 66,000ha in Karnataka during 2018-19 and our CSB aim to increases 20% mulberry cultivation area of the year of 2020-23. In generally initial development of silkworm is very important but according to silkworm rearing house management we get very less of profit because of serval pest and disease, that’s why we are planning for ‘Development of automation and alert generation for monitoring a silkworm rearing house environment’. Through this we are increase around 77-88kgcocoon in a scientific manner in 100dfis with 100% efficiency with providing essential temperature and humidity to silkworms for giving high yield in automated rearing house finally result indicates that maximum output with low input cost in the long run.

Keywords: Silkworm rearing house, automation, temperature, cocoon yield.

(424) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

(425) (426) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 01

A PILOT STUDY ON FEEDING PRACTICES FOLLOWED IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

A. Bharathidhasan* and G. Kalaivani

* Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vellore -632 009. Email ID: [email protected]

Dairying is a main source of income for many rural families in India. Most of the small holding rural dairy farmers feed the cattle with agricultural by products with very limited quantity of concentrate feed. The feeding of paddy straw without concentrate feed leads to decrease the milk production of dairy cattle due to imbalanced feeding. Further the deficiency of critical nutrients also leads to reduce the production and reproduction of dairy animals. Hence, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feeding practices followed in lactating dairy cattle under field conditions in two Villages of Tamil Nadu. Data was collected about the feeding practices followed for 50 dairy cattle under field conditions. Based on the milk yield and feeding practices of the surveyed dairy cattle were categorized into four groups. Group I was high yielders fed with roughage and concentrate ratio of 71: 29 with milk production of 18 litre per day and Group II was medium yielders fed with roughage and concentrate ratio of 76: 24 with milk production of 8 litre per day. Group III was average yielders fed with roughage and concentrate ratio of 80: 20 with milk production of 5 litre per day and Group IV was low yielders fed with roughage and concentrate ratio of 88:12 with milk production of < 4 litre per day. The dry matter intake (DMI) of group I, II, III and IV was deficit by 8.5, 24, 25 and 40 %, respectively than the standard values. The given total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) under field condition for group I, II, III and IV were deficit by 1.9 & 22, 7.0 & 30, 1.0 & 34 and 1.0 & 16 % respectively than the standard values. It was concluded that the deficit of DMI, TDN and DCP were observed in feeding practices followed in lactating dairy cattle under field condition in Tamil Nadu.

Keywords: Dairy cattle, Lactation, Feeding practices, TDN, DCP, DMI.

(427) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 02

PERFORMANCE OF HF CROSSBRED CATTLE UNDER FIELD PROGENY TESTING PROGRAM IN PUNJAB

A. K. Das*, Ravinder Kumar and N. V. Patil

ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Grass Farm Road, Meerut Cantt. Meerut -250001, Uttar Pradesh Email: ([email protected]), ([email protected]), ([email protected])

ICAR-CIRC executed Field Progeny Testing Program at GADVASU, Ludhiana and the 1st set of crossbred bulls was inducted in April 1995 and subsequent 13 batches were executed in January 1997 to June 2017. A total of 309 bulls in fourteen different batches have so far been inducted. A total 148283 Artificial Inseminations have been done and total 19862 female calves has been borned out of which 6153 female progenies have reached age at first calving. The 1st lactation milk yield of daughters in 1st set was recorded as 2697.8 kgs and in 12th set it was recorded as 3836.5 kgs.

Keywords: Field progeny testing, Age at first calving, First lactation milk yield, Frieswal.

(428) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 03

OSMANABADI GOAT FARMING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE OF FARMERS

Sushil Shahaji Jawale, Sandeep Anarse*, Sunita Borde**

Sant Dnyaneshwar Mahavidyalaya, Soegaon, Tq. Soegaon, Dist. Aurangabad *Anandrao Dhonde alias Babaji Mahavidyalaya Kada Dist. Beed **Dept. of Zoology Dr. B.A.M.University, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

Osmanabadi goats are famous in whole India. Natural habitat of Osmanabadi goat is Marathawada region of Maharashtra India but found throughout the state, inspite of different agro climatic conditions of Marathwada and Vidarbha region (Motghare et al., 2004). Goat farming of osmanabadi goat plays an important role in financial independence of farmers economy throughout the country as well plays important role in nations building.

Keywords: Asia, economy, Marathwada, Osmanabadi goat.

(429) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 04

MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS USE AS A REGENERATIVE MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES IN LIVESTOCK

Dhruba Malakar*, Hruda Nanda Malik, Dinesh Kumar, Sikander Saini, Vishal Sharma, Abhishek Thakur, Amit Kumar, Kamlesh Kumari Bajwa, Ramandeep Singh and Satish Kumar

Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, India E-mail ID: [email protected]

Mastitis, metritis and hoof wound are the most expensive dairy diseases as the animals are suffering long time and rendering them useless and unproductive. Mastitis is caused drastic milk production of cows and has heavy economical loss of the farmers. Metritis and lameness reduce the fertility performance like prolonged interval from calving to first service and lower reproductive efficiency in the dairy cow specially crossbred cattle. These diseases really have a very high incidence, even in well-managed dairy farms throughout the world. The preset study was performed to treat mastitis, metritis and hoof wound with adipose tissue derived allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We were isolated adipose tissues aseptically from cattle and buffalo from fat pad of tail head region rump site by liposuction methods. The adipose tissues were aseptically processed as per the protocol developed in our laboratory for isolation, characterization of MSCs from goats and dogs. We were cultured the adipose tissues derived MSCs of cattle, buffaloes and mice for treatment of mastitis, metritis and hoof wound of cattle and buffalo and artificial tibial fracture of mice. MSCs were characterized with alkaline phosphatase; different molecular markers like CD29, CD44, CD166, CD99 and CD34 were expressed whereas no expression was observed for CD34, CD45 and CD71 markers in adipose tissue-derived MSCs. The MSCs were cultured in vitro condition in CO2 incubator during 2 weeks for confluency of cells for treatment of mastitis, metritis and hoof wound cattle and buffaloes. The characterized MSCs were

(430) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences cryopreserved into LN2 for further revival of cells in culture condition and used these cells for treatment of diseased animals. The cultured MSCs were aseptically isolated from cultured flask and injected around 107cells/animal in the site of wound areas. We have already treated the mastitis, metritis and hoof wound more than 800 cattle, bulls and buffaloes with MSCs at NDRI cattle yard, Gausala Hospital, Shrikishna Gosala and Radhakrishna Gosala at Karnal Pathmera Gaosala at Rajasthan and all the patients were cured completely one an average 30 days. Tibial bone fractures of mice were treated with allogenic and xenogeneic MSCs cured in 35 days. The photographs and videos were taken of all the treated animals for the records. The videos and photographs were arranged and edited for presentation. In conclusion that the mesenchymal stem cells therapy is very much possible to cure the mastitis, metritis and hoof wound cattle and buffaloes permanently and completely within a short period of time.

Keywords: Mastitis, Metritis, Wound, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cattle and Buffalo

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 05

BACTERIAL ISOLATION AND TYPING OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA FROM CLINICAL CASES OF LIVESTOCK

A. Prajapati, A. Parveen, U. Janofer, R. Yogisharadhya, Y. Nagarjuna, J. Hiremath, M. M. Chanda, and S. B. Shivachandra

ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka. Email: [email protected]

A study was carried out to isolate and characterize Pasteurella multocida from livestock. A total of 345 clinical samples (nasal swab/tissue/blood) collected from cattle sheep, goat, and pigs belonging to Karnataka, Mizorum, Assam and Uttar Pradesh originating from farm animals during August, 2018-19. The samples were cultured and subsequently tested for species specific (PM-PCR) and multiplex capsular typing through standardised protocol.

(431) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

Of 345 tested clinical samples, 108 (32%) sample were found positive, of which 42 (12%) P. multocida were isolated following conventional method. All the P. multocida isolates were characterized according to their morphology, staining, motility, cultural and biochemical properties. PCR based Multiplex Capsular Typing of isolates found that 25 (55%) isolates belonged to type A, 4 (9%) to type B, and 2 (4%) to Type D and remaining were untypable. In conclusion type A was predominant capsular type in ovine and pig, and type B in bovine originated P. multocida isolates.

Keywords: Bacterial isolation, Livestock, Pasteurella multocida, PCR.

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 06

CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTION OF MORINGA AGAINST RADIATION AND MERCURY INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Aruna Chakrawarti

Associate Professor Department of Zoology Govt. Dungar College ,Bikaner E mail: [email protected]

In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore radiation and mercury induced histological alterations in mice kidney and their modulation by moringa. For this purpose mice were selected from inbred colony and divided into five different groups. Group I: (sham-irradiated group) considered as normal; II (mercury treated group); III (irradiated group); IV (both radiation and mercury treated group); V (radiation, mercury and moringa treated group. In this group animals were given moringa continuously for seven consecutive days prior to radiation and mercury treatment and on the 7th day animals were irradiated after 30 minutes of extract administration. The animals from the above group were autopsied by cervical dislocation after 1, 2 4,714 and 28 days and kidney were removed and prepared for light microscopy. The renal cells of irradiated and mercury treated groups showed granular vacuolar cytoplasm with pyknotic and crenated nuclei, moderate dilation large area of cellular

(432) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences infiltration and hyperaemia of kidney. In the moringa treated group, the majority of cells returned normal, although some had still mild changes. After combined treatment of radiation and mercury the changes were more severe showing synergistic effect. An early and fast recovery was also noticed in the moringa treated animals which may be due to the protection by drug.

Keywords: Radiation, Pyknotic and crenated nuclei, Synergetic effect.

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 07

ANDROID BASED MOBILE APP. IN SHEEP AND GOAT FARMING: AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY

S. Senthilkumar

Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Veterinary College and Research Institute, Ramayanpatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu E-mail: [email protected]

Based on the information needs of sheep and goat farmers, mobile based application software was developed in android platform. App. contents were organised into breeding, feeding, management, disease control, marketing and others sections. It has separate icons for special options like Push notification, WhatsApp, FAQ, MAP and Search. We can send important notification like forecasting, deworming and vaccination schedule to end-users in a single stroke by push notification option. Share many innovative ideas and experiences in sheep and goat farming via WhatsApp option. FAQ options are helpful to entrepreneurs. We can locate the veterinary hospital and dispensary via MAP option.

Keywords: ICT, Mobile App., Sheep and Goat farming

(433) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 08

THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF LIVER INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS BY CUO NANOPARTICLE USING TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT

Srimoyee Saha

Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mallick Road, Kolkata-700032, India Email: [email protected]

The present work was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of TC-CuONPs against

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in swiss albino mice. Mice were divided into seven groups of ten animals each. The mice of control group received 1% CMC. Liver damage was introduced by i.p. administration of 3 ml/kg BW of CCl4 suspended in olive oil (1:4 sol). The mice of test group received plant methanol extract at the dose of 12.5mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg body weight respectively. After the experimental period all the animals were fasted overnight and collect blood through retro orbital plexus and serum was separated and analyzed for biochemical parameter such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ã-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and total plasma protein. The plant extract showed significant hepatoprotective effect by lowering the serum levels of various essential biochemical parameters. Moreover treatment with TC-CuONPs raised the level of serum total protein and lowered the lipid peroxidation to normal levels. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH- GPx) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with TC-CuONPs. Normal histological examination and immuno histochemistry of the liver also supported hepatoprotection. Taken together, these results suggest that TC-CuONPs may induce remarkable protective effects against hepatic injury induced by CCl4 treatment through upregulation of the antioxidant system.

Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Tinospora cordifolia, CuO nanoparticle, Fibrosis, Liver oxidative stress, Histopathological studies

(434) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Animal and Vetirinary Sciences - 09

EFFECT OF MARIJUANA (CANNABIS SATIVA) ON HARDERIAN GLAND OF RABBIT, ORYCTOLOGUS CUNICULUS

Surya Prakash Verma and Sunanda Dubey

Department of Zoology, Udai Pratap College, Varanasi-221002, Email: [email protected]

Marijuana is one of the Cannabis preparations popular as Bhang. Bhang is produced from the dried and crushed leaves, seeds and stem of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Marijuana, cannabis or hemp plant is one of the oldest psychoactive plants known to humanity. Harderian gland (HG) is a large bilobed gland. It is located in the orbit of many terrestrial vertebrates. It opens by a duct into the surface of the nictitating membrane. This gland is well developed in some species like rodents, lagomorphs and cetaceans. It may occur as a transit embryological structure as in case of primates, terrestrial carnivores and chiroptera. The Harderian gland has diverse of functions such as lubrication of the eye, thermoregulation, photoreception, photoprotection and as a source of either pheromones or growth factors. It was reported that the Harderian gland possessed receptor for melatonin. No report on Harderian Gland and Marijuana relationship is available till date. The experimental group rabbits were administered daily dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of Marijuana (Bhang). Five rabbits each of experimental and control groups are anaesthetized after 15 days and 45 days administration of Marijuana respectively to take Harderian gland tissue sample for histological studies. The studies showed that Harderian glands become more active in Marijuana fed groups, showing thin follicular layer and large lumen. Apical microvilli like cytoplasmic protrusions were seen in abundance. Nucleus is large, oval and arranged in row on basal lamina. Small cytoplasmic vacuoles were present showing more type II cell as the sections were from white part. Study suggests a relation between Marijuana consumption and Harderian gland function as it accelerates the Harderian gland secretion.

Key words: Marijuana (Cannabis sativa), Harderian gland, Rabbit etc.

(435) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Animal and Vetirinary Sciences - 10

CONTROLLED BREEDING AND REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN BUFFALOES – USING EAZI BREED CIDR

S. S. Hiremath.

Karnataka Milk Federation, Training Cetnre, Rayapur, Dharwad- 580009karnataka, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The profitability of buffalo farming mainly depends upon their regular and efficient breeding. Buffalo reproduction is considerably affected on account of late maturity, poor estrus, symptoms and long post partum intervals. The present study was undertaken with the objective of buffaloes to evaluate the efficiency of EAZI Breed CIDR – an intra vaginal progesterone release device at a controlled rate into the blood stream of buffaloes in relation to estrus and fertility. For the study purpose 500 buffalo cows of age group 4-6 years in 10 villages of Dharwad in Karnataka state in India were randomly selected. True anestus buffaloes were inserted the intra vaginal device EAZI Breed CIDR and remained in the vaginal cavity for 9 days. On 10th day CIDR was removed and the 2 ml of CIDIROL (1 mg estradiol benzoate, InterAg) intramuscular injection was given to all animals. Ninety percent of the animals showed the pronounced estrus symptoms and they were inseminated at mid heat period. Those buffaloes which failed to show estrus were again inserted the device and inseminated after the expression of estrus. After 45-60 days animals are inseminated by AI and NS, later on buffaloes were examined per rectally for pregnancy and observed that 80- 85 percent were pregnant and again after 90 days buffaloes were re-examined for reconfirmation of pregnancy. Present study revealed that the use of EAZI Breed CIDR device in buffaloes could be one of the possible ways to improve anoestrus reproductive performance, thus helping in profitable dairy farming with buffaloes.

Keywords: Buffalo cows, Anoestrus, Progesterone, EAZI Breed CIDR. Intra vaginal device, Cidirol injection.

(436) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP - Animal and Vetirinary Sciences – 11

MODULATION OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF ALBINO RAT WITH AQUOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF PLANT MEDICINE AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)

Uma Roy*, Anita Roy**, Binata Nayak***

*Biomedical Science Centre (Research Division), IB-188, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata Department of Home Science, Calcutta University **Department of Pathology (Research Division) Repose Nursing Home & Clinical Research, Kolkata-700019 *** Department of Home Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata-700027 Email: [email protected]

Utilization of natural sources for sustainable development of new therapies for modern fertility control technology and search after reproductive function modulatory agent in plant medicine is thrust area of dynamic research. Knowing the valuable effect of Azaridachata indica (Neem) seeds and leaves extract on reproductive function, aim of he present project to study the probability of finding non toxic potency of indigenous agent for contributing beneficial effect on albino rat model. For this purpose change of morphology of gorvad oestrous cycle, corpusleuteum count in females, sperm count & motility in male and reproductive hormone, enzyme level and mating behaviour were investigated. The result of these observation may throw some light on therapeutic rationales for the use of thee economical plant medicine in fertility control of our vest population.

Key words : A. indica – Reproductive modulation – Albino rat

(437) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP - Animal and Vetirinary Sciences – 12

MALDI-TOF MS ANALYSIS OF 58 KDA URINARY PROTEIN OF PREGNANT MURRAH BUFFALOES WAS IDENTIFIED AS FETUIN-A

V. Paramesh1, T. Prasada Rao2*, V.Manasa3, P. Pavan Kumar4, T. V. Sai Kumar5, K. Kumar6

1, 2*, 3 & 5Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, S.V.Veterinary University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India. 4Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, S.V.Veterinary University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India. 6Library and Information Science, College of Veterinary Science, S.V.Veterinary University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Corresponding Author email: [email protected]

An early and accurate pregnancy diagnosis has significant impact on animal production, particularly in buffaloes for better reproductive management. Buffalo is the most important dairy animal in the Indian subcontinent, has certain reproductive aberrations related to high calving interval, late puberty, salient heat, and high incidence of anoestrous and repeat breeding. The present study was undertaken to identify fetuin-A in urine samples of pregnant Murrah buffaloes. Urine samples were collected from pregnant (n=10) and non pregnant Murrah buffaloes (n=10). The dialyzed pregnant urine sample on 12 % 1D SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of protein bands apparently at ~58, ~150 kDa and a multimer. The m/z score of ~58 kDa by MALDI-TOF MS has been compared against an online database and determined as fetuin-A. Further we found significantly (P < 0.05) higher fetuin- A levels (1020.50 ± 19.75 mg/L) in pregnant urine samples of Murrah buffaloes compared to non pregnant Murrah buffaloes (86.5 ± 6.33 mg/L) by Microtitreplate assay. The specificity of fetuin-A in pregnant urine samples was confirmed by Western blotting using rabbit anti- bovine Alfa2HS-Glycocoprotein antiserum.

Keywords: Pregnancy; Murrah buffaloes; Fetuin-A; Urine; MALDI-TOF MS; ELISA.

(438) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS

ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

(439) (440) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 01

MEAT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF NATIVE CHICKEN FED FLAX SEED OR SILK WORM PUPAE INCORPORATED DIETS

Suresh, B. N.*, R. Swetha, M.C. Shivakumar, C. T. Chandregowda, and G. P. Hombegowda

Veterinary College, Hassan, Karnataka – 573 202 Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (Bidar) Email: [email protected]

An experiment to study effect of dietary inclusion of flax seed powder (FSP) or silk worm pupae (SWP) on meat composition and quality of native birds was conducted. A total of seventy native birds were randomly distributed to 7 groups of 10 birds each. A conventional diet was prepared to serve as control diet and two test diets were prepared by incorporating either FSP or SWP at 10 % level. All the diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorific, however with different fatty acid profile. The control diet for 42 days, FSP or SWP based diet for 42, 28 and 14 days was fed to one group each. At the termination of the trial, two birds from each group were slaughtered and meat samples were subjected for chemical analysis and sensory evaluation. The breast and thigh muscles samples from flaxseed or silkworm pupae fed birds showed significantly (P<0.05) increased crude fat content including omega 3 fatty acids. Cooked meat samples from FSP and SWP diet fed birds scored higher values than control for tenderness and juiciness. It was concluded that flax seed or silkworm pupae can be incorporated in the diet for 14 days to enrich omega-3 fatty acids in native chicken meat.

Key words: Native chicken, Flax seed powder, Silkworm pupae, Meat, Fatty acids

(441) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 02

PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASIDES INFESTATION ON MILCH CATTLES FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT, AURANGABAD, (M. S), INDIA

Sushama Paikade, Eknath Shendge, Sunita Sule, Hanumant Kayande, Ramrao Chavan

Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.431004 (M.S) India Email: [email protected]

A study was conducted during June 2015 to May 2016 for the prevalence of ectoparasites infestation on milch cattles from Aurangabad District M. S. India. Total 544 cattles were examined which includes 360 cow and 184 buffalos. The prevalence of ticks was higher in cow (58.33%) as compared to buffaloes (45.10%), the lice prevalence was higher in buffaloes (36.41%), as compare with cow (22.22%), and the flies prevalence was higher in cow (33.61%) as compare to buffaloes (26.63%). The prevalence showed that the milch cattles were infested by single or mixed ectoparasites. Thus, the present investigation suggest that there is need of creating awareness among farmers about to vaccination and hygienic precautions in milch livestock.

Keywords: Prevalence, Ticks, Lice, Flies, Livestock, Aurangabad.

(442) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 03

EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF MELATONIN AND ASCORBIC ACID ON OOCYTE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER STRESS

Tripathi S. K.*, S. Nandi, Gupta P. S. P. and Mondal S.

ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore-560030, India * Jain University, Bangalore-560069, India Email: [email protected]

The aim of the present study was to comparative efficacy of antioxidant melatonin, ascorbic acid during in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes under stress. Good quality oocytes aspirated from ovine ovaries were matured in vitro under control culture medium TCM-199+FBS (10%)+FSH (10ìg m/l)+Gentamicin (50ìg m/l) and culture medium supplemented with 200μM ammonia+ 5mM urea; 300μM ammonia +8mM urea. Maturation competence based on cumulus expansion were compared with and without antioxidant supplementation incorporating 30μM melatonin and 100μM ascorbic acid in an oocyte maturation medium. The results indicated that the viability and maturation rate of stressed oocytes were reduced compared to those observed in unstressed ones. Protein metabolites significantly reduced cumulus expansion, while melatonin and ascorbic acid supplementation could bring a significant (P d” 0.05) increase in cumulus expansion. Expression of SOD2 and CASP3 were down regulated in oocytes after IVM with 30ìM melatonin and 100μM ascorbic acid compared with the group without the antioxidant. In conclusion, the supplementation of antioxidant to the maturation medium could increase the in vitro developmental competence of stressed ovine oocytes.

Keywords: Oocyte, Stress, Antioxidant, COCs

(443) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 04

FERTILITY AUGMENTATION IN ANIMALS WITH THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF AEGLE MARMELOS

Sampath Kumar B.1*, Nandi S.2, Rudrappa S. M.4, Sunil Kumar, K. K.5, Srikanth N. R.6, Girish Kumar V3

1&3Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore Campus, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024 *Corresponding and presenting author 2ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore-560030 4Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hassan Campus 5Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore Campus, Hebbal, Bangalore-5600246 6Veterinary College, SVVU, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh Email: [email protected]

Aegle marmelos L. (AML), commonly called Bael is an ever known sacred and potential medicinal tree spread all over the Indian subcontinent. Feeding of combination of dry AML and Murraya Koengii leaves is found to enhance fertility by inducing estrous in delayed pubertal buffalo heifers and acyclic goats. Further it is also postulated that this herbal supplementation (combined dried leaves) promotes higher levels of serum progesterone and serum calcium in female animals. Likewise, feeding of 50 per cent ethanolic extracts of AML @ 1000 mg kg-1 b. w. in female rats is found to increase uterine weight, number of large surface follicles, number of ovulations as well as concentrations of estrogen and progesterone levels in serum. The foregoing implies that AML supplementation either individually or in combination with other medicinal plants has positive influence on ovarian function which eventually leads to fertility augmentation in female animals.

Keywords: Aegel marmelos, Fertility enhancer, Ovary, Animals

(444) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 05

EVIDENCE OF LOCAL PERSISTENCE OF ANTHRAX IN KARNATAKA, INDIA IN ASSOCIATION WITH REMOTE SENSING, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS

Sharanagouda S. Patil*, K.P. Suresh and Parimal Roy

ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India Email: [email protected]

Anthrax, soil-borne disease caused by Bacillus anthracis is a fatal disease of animals and neglected zoonosis. There are increased incidence reported in Karnataka. Study objective was to evaluate the spatial distribution of anthrax and identify environmental/anthropogenic factors associated with persistent clusters of Anthrax. Database of anthrax in animals in Karnataka (2003–2017) was developed using geographic information system. The spatial scan statistic was used to identify anthrax persistence. Risk factors related to clusters of persistence were modelled using Artificial intelligence. Areas of persistence were identified in south-eastern region of India.

Persistence of anthrax presented strong positive association with soil pH and rainfall. High risk areas maybe targeted for appropriate control measures.

Keywords: Anthrax, Geographic information system, spatial scan statistics, Artificial intelligence.

(445) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 06

IRON FORTIFICATION IN KULFI

Kuldeep Mishra*1; Panchaal Bhattacharjee2 C N Dharaiya3 and Suneeta V. Pinto4

Dairy Technology Department1,3,4SMC College of Dairy Science, 2Department of Horticulture, BA College of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. * E-mail: [email protected]

Kulfi was prepared from milk standardized to 2% fat and 9% MSNF. Iron fortified kulfi formulated to contain 30 ppm iron from external added iron salts (based on the approximate iron content and bioavailability of different sources of iron) was prepared using six iron salts viz., Ferrous gluconate (FG), Iron reduced (IR), Ferric chloride (FC), Ferric pyrophosphate (FP), Ammonium ferric citrate (FA) and Ferrous sulphate (FS). The experiment samples were compared with control (C). Fortification of kulfi with FA and FC did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the acidity, viscosity and meltdown time of the samples. From amongst the six types of iron sources only FA was found to be acceptable. The effect of level of addition of FA at different levels viz. 15, 30, 40 and 50 was studied. It was found that addition of iron at the highest level i.e. 50 ppm resulted in significant reduction in overall acceptability of the resultant product. In shelf life studies, it was found that fortification of iron @ 40 ppm resulted in significant reduction in flavour and overall acceptability scores after 30 days of storage whereas iron fortified samples @ 30 ppm remained acceptable up to 90 days of storage. Hence, it can be concluded that acceptable quality iron fortified kulfi can be prepared by addition of ferric ammonium citrate (30 ppm available iron) just before freezing of kulfi mix is acceptable up to 90 days at -18±2°C.

Keywords: Kulfi, Iron fortification.

(446) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 07

TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN MILK IN THE POLLUTION IMPACT AREAS OF ERNAKULAM AND CHALAKUDY AT KERALA- A CASE STUDY AND THE NEED TO DEVELOP SAFETY STANDARDS

Indu B.

Dept.of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University) Email: [email protected]

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least five times greater than that of water. Their industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological use have led to their wide distribution raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Among the heavy metals, lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and mercury are of great public health importance. They are also classified as human carcinogens (known or probable) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. So a study was under taken to quantify heavy metals in milk in the pollution impact areas of Ernakulam and Chalakudy of Kerala state. A total of one hundred and two samples of fresh cow milk were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals. The levels of heavy metals were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated the presence of heavy metal, lead in the range of 0.001- 0.09, and <0.1 and <0.05 for Cadmium, and Arsenic respectively. The result showed remarkable presence of lead in many samples and it point to a fact that there should be more meaningful rows from Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI), the statutory body for laying down science based standards for articles of food, to precisely specify the level of heavy metals in milk to ensure the safe milk for human consumption.

Keywords: Raw cow milk, Heavy metal, Atomic absorption spectroscopy

(447) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 08

ANALYSIS OF TOXIC METALS IN BUFFALO MILK, WATER, SEDIMENT OF LAKSHMINARAYANA LAKE, EDULABAD, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

B. Jyothi and B. Prameela

Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana. Email: [email protected]

The present study was conducted to analyze different heavy metals in buffalo milk, water and sediment samples collected from Edulabad. This lake suffers the effects of downstream from polluted River Musi and water flowing from Jawaharnagar dumping yard. Buffalos are fed with the water and grass grown in this lake. Water, sediment samples were collected from this lake and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to determine heavy metals. Results revealed that mean values examined in water and sediment for Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb are above the permissible limits. Buffalo milk samples were collected from Edulabad village, and acid digestion was done by microwave and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy to assess heavy metals. The values were found to be above the permissible limit for Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mg, Al. The samples were having toxic metals and the results will be discussed.

Keywords: Buffalo milk, Water, Sediment, Metal toxicity, Lakshminarayana lake.

(448) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 09

INTEGRATION OF ANIMAL COMPONENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING TO DOUBLE THE FARMERS INCOME

S. S. Hiremath

Karnataka Milk Federation Ltd., Training Centre, Rayapur, Dharwad-580 00, Karnataka Email: [email protected]

In India, Agriculture depends upon the rain, more than 68 percent India’s cultivated area is rain fed area. But in recent year’s aberrant behaviour of monsoon rainfall and degradation of fertile soil, water shortage due to monoculture pattern of crops leads to shortage of food grains and economical loss to the farming community. Now a days food security, livelihood and water security and also natural resources conservations and environmental protection are major issues. Developing countries like India is struggling to deal with these issues. To overcome these problems sustainable development is the only solution to promote resources, conservation and environmental protection. The concept of the Human-Land-Livestock that is integration of Livestock farming system is gaining more and more importance, not only in increased food grain production but also in economical improvement of farming community. In The Integrated Farming System, nothing is wasted in the utilization of primary produce and secondary produce one system as basic input of other system. Thus, making the mutually integrated as one whole unit. There is a need to effective linkages and complements of various components to develop holistic farming system. To achieve this goal, integration of animal components through farming system is the only solution. The Integrated Farming System represents combination of agriculture, livestock, horticulture, fishery, forestry, sericulture, mushroom cultivation, biogas production to raise the economical condition/ states of the farming community in Northern Karnataka by 2022.

Keywords: Livestock, Integrated farming system, Farming community.

(449) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 10 TO STUDY ADULTERATION IN DIFFERENT MILK SAMPLES IN BARSHI AREA

*Fartade A. M., Shinde S.V., Adsul Asmita., Mukane Trupti

Department of Zoology, S. S. M. Barshi Email: [email protected]

Milk is an essential commodity in daily life. It is not only a source of good quality protein, but also of calcium and riboflavin besides other nutrients. However in local products to increases the yield certain adulterants are added which may affect the nutritional milk quality. Consumption of adulteration milk causes serious health problems and a great concern to the food industry. Hence to known the activity the present study aimed at knowing adulteration in different pouches of milk in Barshi area. In present study detected urea, starch, formalin, detergent and glucose. All these adulterant was found in Gokul, Govind, Sonai milk pouch. These adulterants are harmful for human health.

Keywords: Milk adulterants, Milk sample, Barshi.

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 11 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON ANAPLOCEPHALIDEAN CESTODE PARASITE FROM GOAT IN AURANGABAD DISTRICT (M.S.), INDIA

Amol Thosar1, Sunita Borde2, Sambhaji Shinde1 and Asha Bidkar3

1Department of Zoology, Vivekanad College, Aurangabad. 2 Department of Zoology, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad-431004. 3 Department of Zoology, Y. C. College, Tuljapur, Dist. Osmanabad. Email: [email protected]

Stilesia Sp. (Cestoda: Anaplocephalidea) is collected in the intestine of Capra hircus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Family: Bovidae) from Aurangabad district (M.S.), India. The present Cestode i.e. Stilesia Sp. differs other all known species is having the scolex large,

(450) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences quadrangular in shape, mature proglottids almost seven to eight times broader than long, testes small in size, oval to rounded, in two groups, 4-6 in each groups, 10-11 in each segment, cirrus pouch oval, ovary large in size, compact, bean shaped.

Keywords: Anaplocephalidea, Aurangabad, Capra hircus, India, Stilesia.

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 12

CRUELTY TO ANIMALS

Ashwini Patil, Yogita Y. Falak, Namrata G. Mahajan and Manojkumar Z. Chopda*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashatra, India425002 *E-mail: [email protected]

Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse is the crime of inflicting. Suffering or harm upon animals, for purposes other than self-defense. Today humans have become selfish enough to kill other living beings i.e. animals for their own pleasure and needs. But people do not realize that animals too have the rights to live on this planet as much as we humans do. Animals as food: Over 10 billion animals are slaughtered for human consumption each year such as cattle, chickens, pigs, etc. Laying hens are kept in tiny cages and many of the hens die from stress or disease. Animal’s abuse in entertainment: People are fascinated by animals. There is an undeniable thrill, seeing animals in zoo, circuses, movies, television shows and amusement parks. Unfortunately using real animals for these purposes involves tremendous cruelty.

How can we help? – (1) We can help by not using musk perfumes. (2) By donating to organizations. (3) By becoming a vegetarian. (4) By using cosmetics of brands which do not use animals for testing. (5) We can include the topic of animal rights in the syllabus of schools for awareness.

Keywords: Cruelty, Animals

(451) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 13

ASSESSING PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AFTER TICK INFECTION IN TICK SUSCEPTIBLE VS TICK RESISTANT CATTLE

Awanish Kumar Singh1, Dr. Kamal jaiswal1, Dr. Manishi Mukesh 2, Dr. Suman Mishra1

1 Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, lucknow 2 National Bureau for Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal Email: [email protected]

The effect of tick infestation on cattles physiology such as body temperature, pulse rate and breathing rate were recorded in three separate group of cattles. Their outer body temperature as well as inner body temperature was recorded for better understanding of the body temperature fluctuation. Each group receives similar climatic conditions. Some cattles on each group received regular acaricide treatment to control tick infection, while others were left untreated. Data were recorded in two different time period, first in the morning when room temperature was minimum as well as afternoon when the room temperature was maximum. The result shows that indigenous group of cattles are physiologically more stable than crossbreeds and exotic breeds.

Keywords: Tick infestation, Acaricide, Body temperature, Pulse rate.

(452) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 14

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION AGAINST GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RAT

B. D. Talele, N. G. Mahajan, R. T. Mahajan and M. Z. Chopda

Department of Zoology, Moolji Jaitha(Autonomous) College, KavayitriBahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon E mail: [email protected]

Herbal plants known for its various medicinal properties are also a natural antioxidant and a free radical scavenger with no documented evidence as a nephroprotective agent. To evaluate the nephroprotective activity of polyherbal formulation in a rodent model of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 150–200 g was divided into 6 groups; normal saline, CMC as placebo, gentamicin 80mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 14 days, herbal mixture at 250, 500, and 1000 g/kg, per oral for 14 days, the test extract administered 3 days prior. Blood urea, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen analyses and microscopic examination of kidney were performed. Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in, Serum protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (7.51±0.14 mg/dl, 1.56±0.08 mg/dl,76.13±3.86 mg/dl) respectively when compared to the saline treated groups. Co-administration of herbal mixture with gentamicin decreased the rise in these parameters in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial loss with intense granular degeneration in gentamicin treated rats, whereas herbal mixture mitigated the severity of gentamicin-induced renal damage. Our data suggest that polyherbal formulation exhibits renoprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal damage and further studies on its mechanism of action are warranted.

Keywords: Gentamicin, Nephroprotective, Polyherbal, Nephrotoxicity.

(453) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 15

ESTIMATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN MILK AT KASARGOD, KERALA, INDIA - A STUDY

B. Indu, S. Gokul

Dept. of Dairy Chemistry, college of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala, Veterinary and Animal Science University Email: [email protected]

Present study was carried out with the objective to estimate the presence of endosulfan in milk obtained from Kasaragod district of Kerala, India. Endosulfan is considered as Persistent organic Pollutant (PoP) in ‘Stockholm Convention’ held in Geneva. Its residues spread far and wide via wind and rain and children were born with congenital disabilities, hydrocephalus, and diseases of the nervous system, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and severe physical and mental disabilities. This is why environmental activists call it the biggest pesticide tragedy in India. In this circumstance, the study was done to know the residual level of endosulfan in milk which forms a part of regular diet in children and adults. The result of analysis states the absence of á-Endosulfan, â”Endosulfan and Endosulfan sulphate in all the forty milk samples. The result clearly indicates that the samples confirms to the codex standards for endosulfan. It is positive to note that the milk no more contains endosulfan and is safe to drink.

Keywords: Endosulfan, Milk, Maximum limit, Kasargod.

(454) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 16

DYNAMICS OF RODENT COMMUNITY IN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC RAGI (ELEUCINE CORACANA L.)

Basavadarshan A. V.1* Ramachandra M. M.2 and Mohan. I. Naik3

1Department of Zoology, Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056 2Department of Zoology, Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056 3All India Network Project (AINP) on Vertebrate Pest Management, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bangalore-560 065 *E-mail: [email protected]

The surveillance studies on rodents (2016-2018) in organic and inorganic Ragi at agricultural fields of Magadi taluk, Ramanagara district, Karnataka State indicated that the rodent trap index data was high in the organically cultivated (5.72±1.31) than inorganically cultivated Ragi (3.87±1.58). The live trapping of rodents revealed that the rodent abundance was peak during harvesting stage followed by crop maturity and vegetative stage of the crop, Bandicota bengalensis, followed by Mus platythrix, Tatera indica and Millardia meltada were the predominant rodent species trapped. The sex ratio was male biased with the M:F ratio 1.5:1, the adults outnumbered the juveniles and the breeding activity was observed throughout the crop cycle in both the forms of cultivation.

Keywords: Ragi, Rodents, Population dynamics, Trap index.

(455) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 17

RAPID DETECTION OF PLAGUE IN GOATS USING MICROFLUIDICS APPROACH

Deepika Lohiya, Ruchita Shirpurkar and Kalpana D. Chandramore*

Department of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan’s Arts, Science and Commerce college, Baramati, Dist. Pune – 413133 *E-mail: [email protected]

Goat farming is a very age old practice in India which plays a vital role in socio- economic development of rural areas. Recent data suggests the severe decline in the goat population in our country, possibly due to multiple factors such as health constraints and decreasing agriculture land. Amongst many health problem in goats attributing to constraint in goat farming, goat plague or PPR is the major issue affecting farmers and farms. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile viral disease that caused by Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus of family Paramyxoviridae. Mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia are some of the main symptoms of the PPR disease. It is endemic in India, especially in the months of March and June. It leads to the elevated rates of mortality and morbidity in infected sheep and goats. PPRV is highly lymphotropic and infection often leads to a profound immunosuppression in both vaccinated and infected animals that causes leucopenia and reduced antibody responses. Symptoms of PPR can be confused with other diseases such as rinderpest, bluetongue (BT) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), due to the similarity of these diseases in clinical signs. Additionally, secondary bacterial infections may complicate the accurate diagnosis of the disease. Consequently, suitable laboratory diagnostic techniques and tools are insisted. In the present work, attempts are made to develop proper, rapid and cost effective diagnostic kit for PPR. Here, we have established a rapid detection method using immunochromatographic lateral flow strip onto which antibodies are attached to detect antigen from the sample.

Keywords: Peste des petits virus, Goat plague, Lateral flow strip.

(456) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 18

MOBILE APP TO EMPOWER RURAL POULTRY PRODUCTION

Swetha, R.*, B. N. Suresh, M. C. Shivakumar, L. Manjunatha and B. C. Girish

Veterinary College, Hassan, Karnataka – 573 202 Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar Email: [email protected]

Rural poultry producers are disadvantaged compared to commercial producers in obtaining credit, information, marketing, transportation and other facilities. In this context, information and communication technologies has a key role to play in knowledge exchange and market integration to make rural or backyard poultry farming a more profitable enterprise and also attractive for women and youth. With increasing penetration of smart phones in India and affordable prices, it has been considered necessary to create mobile application to promote rural poultry farming. In this direction, we have developed an android based mobile app by incorporating audiovisual tools, texts and links related to backyard poultry farming in English and regional language. Through user-interface, the user is allowed to view, query and contact us for the required information. The app is serving as ready reckoner for farmers, para vets, poultry entrepreneurs, persons involved in poultry management and extension workers for instant accessing for the required information on various scientific backyard poultry production.

Keywords: Mobile app, Rural poultry, Scientific farming.

(457) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 19

MONTH-WISE PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITES OF GOATS IN LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Kamal Jaiswal, Suman Mishra and Savita

Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025 Email Id: [email protected], [email protected]

Goat is an important livestock species all over the world. They are reared under a wide variety of production systems ranging from traditional smallholder and village production system to large-scale intensive commercial farms. Parasites are major public health problem of the world. Recurring losses in productivity is due to the overwhelming infection of parasite. Nematode is the most widespread among all the gastrointestinal helminthes infecting in population of goat. Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in many parts of Lucknow, particularly in rural areas. A cross sectional survey was carried out from May 2017 to April 2018 which included a total sample of 260. Overall 65.76% samples were found infected by the nematode parasites. Female goats were found to be more infected than the male goats.

Keywords: Goat, Gastrointestinal tract, Nematodes parasites, Prevalence.

(458) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 20

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OXIDATIVE STATUS AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF MILK IN DIFFERENT CATTLE AND BUFFALO BREEDS

Sushma A, Venkataram K, Pooja Ch, Jayasri K, Padmaja K, Eswara prasad P and Raman D*

Department of Vety. Biochemistry, College of Vety. Science, SVVU, Tirupati, AP, India *NKBC, Chintaladeevi, A.P Email: [email protected]

The antioxidant activity of milk plays an important role in preventing lipid peroxidation and maintaining the milk quality. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate oxidative status and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of milk in samples collected during early lactation period from different breeds of buffaloes and cows located at National Kamadhenu Breeding Centre, Chintaladeevi, A.P. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were highest in Jafarabadi and lowest in Banni , whereas TAC (DPPH and DCIP assay) was highest in Banni buffaloe milk and lowest in Jafarabadi. In cattle, MDA levels were highest in Ongole, lowest in Gir whereas TAC was lowest in Ongole and highest in Gir. High TAC may be responsible for lower oxidative stress.

Keywords: Oxidative status, TAC, Breed, Milk

(459) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 21

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF MELIA DUBIA TREE LEAVES BY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO METHODS

Farha Yasmeen, Prabhu, T. M., Giridhar, K. S. and Nagabhushan, V.

Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru-24 Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected]

Melia dubia tree leaves were selected for chemical composition evaluation and in vivo feeding trial. Fresh leaves from various places were hand plucked, the CP was more in Melia dubia leaves collected from Hassan i.e., 17.62 %. In vivo feeding trial of 1 month duration was conducted using twelve male sheep (rams) randomly distributed to two groups of six each. T1 (control) was fed with finger millet straw (FMS) and Concentrate Feed Mixture (CFM) while in other group (T2), 25% of FMS was replaced with M. dubia tree leaves. DMI (g/d) for T1 and T2 groups was 712.79 and 738.01, respectively. DOMDM (%) for T1 and T2 was 54.32 and 59.71, respectively. Based on these results it was concluded that the Melia dubia tree leaves could be considered as supplementary source of fodder for sustainable sheep production.

Keywords: Melia dubia, chemical composition, feeding trial, sheep, intake and digestibility.

(460) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 22

DIFFERENTIAL NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF MILK AMONG DIFFERENT BREEDS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES

Pooja Ch, Venkataram K, Sushma A, Jayasri K, Padmaja K, Eswara prasad P and Raman D*

Department of Vety. Biochemistry, College of Vety. Science, SVVU, Tirupati, AP,India *NKBC, Chintaladeevi, A.P Email: [email protected]

Milk is considered as an important protein source in human diet. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate composition of milk in samples collected during early lactation period from different breeds of buffaloes and cows located at NKBC, Chintaladeevi, Andhra Pradesh. Jafarabadi milk has lowest fat and lactose concentration while its protein content was highest compared to other buffalo breeds. Whereas SNF content was lowest in Pandharpuri buffalo milk. Gir has highest fat content while the protein, lactose and SNF concentration was lowest among cattle milk. The data suggests that relative proportion of milk composition varies with the breed of animals and hence selection of breed for better milk price is essential.

Keywords: Milk composition, Breed, Cattle, Buffaloes

(461) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 23

CYTOMORPHOMETRICAL ANALYSES OF BLOOD OF BLACK RAT RATTUS RATTUS (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Aryadhara Das, Prafulla Kumar Mohanty

Postgraduate Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar- 751 004, Odisha, India Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Cytomorphometry of blood cells, an important aspect of hematology, can reveal the physiological condition of organisms. Quantitative microscopy has strengthened conventional diagnostic scheme through better understanding of microscopic features from clinical perspective. Pathological image analyses have gained immense significance in medical fraternity through visualization and quantitative evaluation of clinical features. Till date, pathological inspection of rodents blood is solely dependent on subjective assessment which usually leads to significant inter-observer variation in grading and subsequently resulting in late diagnosis of certain diseases. This paper aims at a systematic approach to morphologically characterize five types of white blood cells, and their nuclei from light microscopic image of blood samples. Hence, cellular and nuclei based geometric features are computed and statistically analyzed with t- test to show the discriminating potentiality of the species.

Keywords: Rattus rattus, Blood cells, Differential leucocyte count, Morphometry.

(462) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 24

ENHANCEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF IMMATURE OOCYTES SUPPLEMENTING WITH INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 AS A MEDIA SUPPLEMENT FOR CATTLE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

Shiva Prasad, Prakash C, M. Karunakaran, A. Santra and Subrata K. Das*

Animal Biotechnology Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani -741235, India. Email: [email protected]

The purpose of the present study is to enhance the production of in vitro cattle embryos using insulin like growth factor-1 as a culture media supplement. Fresh cattle ovaries and oviducts were collected from a local abattoir in 0.9% saline solution (30-35 °C) supplemented with antibiotics (400 IU mL -1 penicillin and 50 mG -1 streptomycin) and transported to the laboratory within 2-3 h following slaughter. Total 932 cumulus oocyte complexes were collected by aspiration method with 19 gauge hypodermic needle, washed 5-6 times and cultured in maturation media (TCM-199 + 10% FBS + 5 ìg mL -1 FSH-P + 0.33 mM sodium pyruvate + 5% Follicular fluid + 50 ìg mL -1 gentamicin sulfate) for 24 h. in 5%

CO2 incubator at 38.5 ºC with maximum humidity. After 24 h of culture, matured oocytes were co-incubated with in vitro capacitated sperms (2-4 million mL-1) for fertilization in

Fertilization Bracket Oliphant media at 38.5 ºC in 5% CO2 in air with maximum humidity. After 5-6 h of co-incubation, surrounding cumulus cells were stripped off by repeated gentle pipetting with fine pipette, presumptive zygotes were washed thoroughly and cultured in modified Charles Rosenkrans 2 amino acid for cleavage. After 40-42 h. cleavage was observed and embryos were co-incubated with vibrant oviductal cells for further development in same environmental conditions. In the treatment group culture media (maturation media, fertilization media and embryo culture media) were supplemented with insulin like growth factor-1with three concentrations i.e. 25, 50, 75 ng mL -1. The cleavage rate (%) were

46.5 ± 2.2, 56.0 ± 2.1, 63.2 ± 2.1, 50.0 ± 3.1 and morula formation (%) were 5.1 ± 1.3,

(463) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

10.2 ± 1.4, 20.0 ± 2.5, 8.9 ± 2.5 in control group, 25 ng mL -1, 50 ng mL -1 and 75 ng mL - 1 concentration respectively. The mean percentage of cleavage and morula formation rate was significantly higher with 50 ng mL-1 of IGF-1 than the control group. Data analysis was done by IBMR statistical package for social sciencesR (SPSS version-20). Descriptive statistics was performed to calculate mean and standard errors. Significant differences between means were determined by LSD test. These results from five replicates indicate that of insulin like growth factor-1 @ 50 ng mL -1could be used as a culture media supplement for in vitro production of local breed cattle embryos.

Keywords: Cattle, Oocyte, Embryo, IGF-1, IVF

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 25

OCIMUM SANCTUM SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES FLUORIDE TOXICITY IN SODIUM FLUORIDE INTOXICATED RATS: A STUDY WITH RESPECT TO GC MS ANALYSIS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

K. R. Shanmugam a*, M. Sivaa, b, S. Ravi b, K. Sathyavelu Reddy b a. Department of Zoology, T.R.R. Government Degree College, Kandukur, A.P-India b Division of Molecular Biology and Ethanopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502, India. Email ID: [email protected]

The present study was carried out to know the antioxidant, free radical scavenging activities, and GC-MS analysis of Ocimum sanctum (OS). SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, MDA,

AAT, AST, and ALKP are estimated in all experimental groups. DPPH, H2O2, hydroxyl radical, GC-MS analysis of was analyzed in Ocimum sanctum. SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, activities depleted and MDA, AAT, AST, and ALKP levels elevated in sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxicated rats. Whereas with Ocimum phenolic fraction supplementation normalized all the antioxidant enzymes and hepatic markers in NaF toxicity rats. DPPH, H2O2 and

(464) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences hydroxyl radical of OS showed potent free radical scavenging activities. GC – MS analysis showed the presence of many bioactive compounds like 2H-Pyan-2-one, 5,6-Dihydro-4- (2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl etc in OS. These bioactive compounds and phytochemicals may possess pharmacological properties. Our study revealed that phenolic fraction of Ocimum sanctum modulated the antioxidant enzymes and hepatic stress markers in NaF rats.

Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Antioxidant Enzymes, Free radical scavenging activity, GC- MS analysis

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences – 26

IN VITRO CATTLE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT FROM IMMATURE OOCYTES SUPPLEMENTING MEDIA WITH PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR

Sonia B. Umdor, Prakash C, M. Karunakaran, D. K. Mandal, A. Santra and Subrata K. Das*

Animal Biotechnology Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani -741235, West Bengal, India Email: [email protected]

The aim of this study is to improve the production of in vitro cattle embryos using platelet derived growth factor as a maturation media supplement. For the present study fresh ovaries and oviducts were collected from Indigenous cattle from a local abattoir in 0.9% saline solution (30-35 °C) supplemented with antibiotics (400 IU mL-1 penicillin and 50 mg mL-1 streptomycin) transported to the laboratory within 2-3 h of animal slaughter. Total 399 cumulus oocyte complexes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries by aspiration method with 19 gauge hypodermic needle, washed 5-6 times and cultured in maturation media (TCM-199 + 10% FBS + 5ìg mL-1 FSH-P + 0.33 mM sodium pyruvate + 5% Follicular -1 fluid + 50 ìg mL gentamicin sulfate) for 24 h. in 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5 ºC with maximum humidity. After 24 h of culture, matured oocytes were co-incubated with in vitro

(465) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations capacitated sperms for fertilization in Fertilization Bracket Oliphant media at 38.5 ºC in 5%

CO2 in air with maximum humidity for 15-18 h for fertilization. After co-incubation, surrounding cumulus cells were stripped off by repeated gentle pipetting by fine pipette, presumptive zygotes were cultured for embryo development. After 40-42 h cleavage was observed and embryos were co-cultured with oviductal cells for 7-9 days in same environmental conditions. Culture media used to replace with fresh media after every 24 h. In this study, platelet derived growth factor was supplemented in maturation media with three different concentrations i.e. 1, 5, 10 ng ml-1. In the control group, the mean percentage (± S.E.M.) of cleavage, 4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, 16-cell stage, morula and blastocyst stage were 37.74 ± 3.53, 22.74 ± 2.67, 10.92 ± 2.14, 5.34 ± 2.35, 3.74 ± 2.44 and 0.83 ± 0.83 respectively. While in case of the treatment group (T1) with 1ng/ml concentration shows a mean percentage (±S.E.M.) of cleavage, 4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, 16-cell stage, morula and blastocyst stage to be 42.72 ± 4.01, 24.14 ± 2.20, 14.24 ± 2.56, 8.94 ± 1.55, 4.00 ± 1.71 and 1.50 ± 0.93 respectively, in the case of T2 group i.e. PDGF with 5ng ml-1 concentration it was 50.58 ± 5.38, 30.40 ± 2.72, 13.70 ± 2.43, 5.84 ± 2.54, 4.00 ± 1.69 and 0.66 ± 0.66, respectively, and in the case of T3 i.e. PDGF with10ng ml-1 concentration the mean percentage (±S.E.M.) were 57.06 ± 4.78, 37.40 ± 4.90, 22.34 ± 4.16, 8.56 ±1.46, 5.64 ±1.67 and 2.42 ±1.02 respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that platelet derived growth factor with 10 ng ml-1 supplementation enhanced cleavage rate as well as blastocyst formation rate for in vitro embryo development in Indian cattle.

Keywords: Indian cattle oocyte, Embryo, Platelet-derived growth factor, IVF

(466) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 27

EFFECT OF DAUCUS CAROTA SEED EXTRACT ON SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND TESTIS HISTOLOGY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

Shamshun Nehar*, and Hena Kausar

Department Of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi Email [email protected]

In the present study seeds of Daucus carota commonly known as wild carrot were evaluated for its effect on Sperm characteristics and testis histology in male albino rats. The Daucus carota seed extract (DCSE) was orally administered at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg b.w for 90 days after which body weight and reproductive organs weight, spermatozoa characteristic, histological changes in the testis were observed. The result revealed significant decrease (P<0.001) in weight of primary and secondary reproductive organ. Remarkable changes like vacuolization and degeneration of somniferous tubules were observed in the testis of the rats treated with high dose. The treatment also caused significant (P<0.001) decrease in sperm motility, sperm count. Large numbers of sperms were found to be morphologically divested. The results from the present study suggest that seed extract of Daucus carota possess the potential to adverse affect on testicular function in rats.

Keywords – Sperm, Daucus carota.

(467) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 28

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC NECROTIZING WOUND AND SEPSIS IN RED - EARED SLIDER

Piyush Dubey1, Prayag H.S2, Mayur Markad3, and Bhumika Kesanur4

1Pet-medics small animal veterinary care center. Chhattisgarh, India. 2Dept.of AGB Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore, KVAFSU, India. 3IWVR, Kodagu, KVAFSU, India. 4Veterinary College, Bangalore, KVAFSU, India. Email: [email protected]

The Red-eared slider (Trachemysscriptaelegans) is a semi-aquatic turtle belonging to the family Emydidae. Red-eared slider is in the list of the world’s top 100 worst invasive species and is considered as a threat to indigenous flora and fauna. Red-eared sliders are not aggressive toward people but can be aggressive towards other turtles of same species within the same enclosure. A 4-year-old red-eared slider weighing 750g was presented with a traumatic old, necrotizing wound, having been attacked by two other turtles. Pet was anorexic from one week.

Anesthesia was induced by intramuscular midazolam (1mg/kg body weight) and propofol (1mg/kg body weight) in the subcarapacial space. Endotracheal intubation was done to assist respiration. Necrotic muscle and skin tissue were debrided. Skin and underlying muscle were sutured in an everting pattern, using an atraumatic needle and polyglactin 910 (Vicryl 2-0). 200mL of subcutaneous fluids was administered post-operatively. The pet fully recovered within three hours post-surgery.

Enrofloxacin (15mg/kg body weight), Meloxicam (2 mg/kg body weight), Vitamins A, D, and E were administered by the intracoelomic route. The wound was cleaned with 5% Povidone Iodine (Betadine) spray and ointment containing colloidal silver as an active ingredient (Megaheal) was applied daily for three days. A bandage was applied for 24 hours. Wound healing in reptiles is significantly delayed owing to environmental factors as

(468) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences well as the migration of fibroblasts from the skin edges in reptiles as opposed to the wound bed in mammals and birds. Since wound healing is faster when it is by the second intention, everting sutures were placed.

Keywords: Red-eared slider, Traumatic necrotizing wound, Debrided, Wound healing, Delayed, Everting sutures, Second intention.

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 29 MAPPING OF RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY

K. Kumar1, T. Prasada Rao2

1Library and Information Science, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur 2Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur Email: [email protected]

This article was aimed to study the journey of research productivity in the area of Veterinary Entomology. The enormity of significance of the veterinary Entomology is observed by its annual research publications in a fifty decade i.e. from 1949 to 2019. In this study, the data is collected from PubMed bibliographical database and analyzed through ‘R’ programming language. During this period we noticed publication of 2751 research papers from 38 countries amongst England has highest number of publications (1029) and India is placed at Seventh position with 35 publications. The authors have published their research output in high impact factor journals. Out of 4 different language research publications, English language has published 2744 research publications during this period. The author key words of these research publications had revealed that the authors were not restricted to veterinary entomology but also interested in the study of veterinary entomology with ticks, mosquito and surveillance. The average annual percentage growth rate of research in veterinary entomology was 58.53% during this study period.

Keywords: Veterinary Entomology, Research output, PubMed, Journals.

(469) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Animal and Veterinary Sciences - 30

STUDY ON THE QUALITY FACTOR OF EQUINE FIBRE

Amit Kumar Ghoshal and Shyma Pada Ghoshal

Charaktala, Post-Duilya, Howrah-711302

Horses are excited by million. The fibre from horse, mule, donkey are generally used in making brushes springs of musical instruments. Materials instead of nylon or cutgut are now used for switecheringin surgery. 22 sample (12 from horse & 10 from donkey) were studied.

Following parameter were studied for the fibre.

In the case of the horsetail, the colourwas white brown tan and mixed. In the case of donkey, only mixed colour was found. In horsetail fibres, soft and coarse fibre were found but in case of donkey, only coarse fibres were found. Foreign materials such as sand and vegetable matter ranging between 0.1% to 0.5% in horse length varies between 19 cm to 53 cm. In case of donkey the length varies between 5.6 cm to 9.6 cm.

Moisture percentage varies between 7.8 to 11.3 in case of horsetail and 12 to 15.8 in case of donkeys, tail.

Keywords: Equine fibre, Horsetail, Cutgut, Switechering.

(470) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

MISCELLANEOUS

(471) (472) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Miscellaneous– 01

STRATEGIES IN ANIMAL SCIENCES FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

P. V.S. Kishore1 and P. Sri Sai Anusha2

1Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram - 521 102. Krishna Dt. (A.P.) India 2 Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram - 521 102. Krishna Dt. (A.P.) India E mail: [email protected], [email protected],

Agriculture was the main focus for rural development in traditional India. The vagaries in agricultural practices, climate changes and market conditions made it unsustainable. Animal Science encompassing modern animal husbandry practices strengthened the rural economy. It helped uplift the socio-economic status by providing subsistence, subsidiary economy and contributed progressively to GDP. Implementing novel strategies and approaches; genetic improvement, health and resources management, training, extension activities, support services, processing technologies, and marketing methods played a pivotal role. They paved the way for rural development and poverty alleviation. Animal Sciences thus became a boon for rural development and a sustainable economy by helping to double farmers’ income.

Keywords: Animal Husbandry, Strategies, Development, GDP.

(473) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Miscellaneous– 02

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF TOTEMS OF SOME PRIMITIVE TIES OF JHARKHAND STATE AND NEAR ABOUT PARTS (INDIA)

Manik Chandra Mahata

Department of Zoology, R.U. Ranchi- 834008, Jharkhand, (India) Email: [email protected]

Biodiversity depletion has been a major problem in the Jharkhand State and near about parts including other parts of India and the Universe. The use of indigenous beliefs by the primitive tribes has been reported to assess in the conservation of bio-diversity. Therefore, the present study has been carried out with the aim of identifying such objects that have used or are being used as tools for biodiversity conservation by the primitive tribes of the study area. They are namely, Kudmi (Kudumi), Santhal, Asur, Oran, Bhumij, Kora, Munda, Ho, Karmali, and Kharia. The information on the present aspect were collected and recorded from the primitive tribes inhabiting in the study area by travelling and interviewing them and also consulting the published literatures available on the problem. A total of 81, 11, 05, 16, 04, 05, 26, 05, 07 and 09 totems are recorded, respectively, during the study period. The totem include varied plants, animals, and other nonliving natural objects. The totems exert significant role in the conservation of biodiversity, as such, the totemism should be used Pari-Passi with other conservation methods to conserve biodiversity.

Keywords: Totems, Biodiversity, Primitive tribes, Conservation

(474) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Miscellaneous– 03

IMPACT OF HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT ON TREE CUTTING AND BIODIVERSITY OF KHAMGAON AREA IN MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

1Kale G. B., 2Ghait S. N., 3Wankhade A.M., 4Rizwan Khan

1Department of Zoology, G.S. Science, Arts and Commerce College, Khamgaon, (MS), India 2 Department of Zoology, G.S. Science, Arts, and Commerce College, Khamgaon, (MS), India 3 4Post Graduate Department of Zoology, G.S. Science, Arts, and Commerce College, Khamgaon, (MS), India Email: [email protected]

The infrastructure developments such as roads and highways play a synergistic role in the socio-economic development of a country. The present study was carried out on National Highway no.6 and state highways in different directions of Khamgaon with a 25 Km distance on each road. It attempts to understand the impact of these highway developments on biodiversity of Khamgaon in Maharashtra. It reveals a total 5194 trees on national and state highway sides. Out of these, 4670 trees were cut during the last few years and the remaining 524 trees on Pimpalgaon Raja road may be cut in the future for road development and expansion.

Keywords: Highways, Road, Sustainability, Biodiversity, Tree cutting.

(475) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

OP – Miscellaneous– 04

SOCIAL COGNITION TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT AMONG TEACHER TRAINESS IN PUDUCHERRY

J.A. Ebenezer and Vijayapriya. C.

Pope John Paul Ii College Of Education, Puducherry. Email: [email protected]

Social cognition refers to the study of the processes by which people make sense of themselves and of others as well as of their social environment, and the implications of this thinking for social behaviour. The environment is the sole necessity for the survival of living beings and as human beings are the master of the world so their role is immensely important. The urgency of Environmental education was realized by various Education commission as well as National policy of Education (1986) It is emphasized that Environmental education to be introduced not only as a part of the school curriculum but also in the teacher education curriculum in order to develop social cognition towards environment and its conservation among teacher trainees. Considering the necessity of social cognition in order to protect the environment, it is time demanding to find out the social cognition towards Environment. The research was carried out on teacher trainees at Pope John Paul College of Education, Puducherry. The findings reveal that the majority of the teacher trainees have a moderate social cognition towards environmental problems, issues, and other related aspects. They also have social cognition towards conserving the environment.

Keywords: Social cognition, Behaviour, Environment education, Conservation.

(476) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

OP – Miscellaneous– 05 ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES OF DALBERGIA SISSOO LEAVES

Rosline Soren

Dept. of Botany, R. N. College, Hazipur, Vaishali Email: [email protected]

The analgesic and antipyretic activities of alcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves (SLE: 100,300 & 1000mg/kg) was studied using acetic acid induced writhing in guinea pig and by Randall- selitto assay. The central analgesic activity of SLE was studied using hot- plate method and tail- clip test in mice. The antipyretic activities of SLE were studied in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. SLE significantly decreased the writhing movements in guinea pig in acetic acid induced writhing test. SLE (1000mg/kg) significantly increased the pain threshold capacity in rats in Randall- selitto assay and the reaction time in hot plate test not in tail clip test. It also showed significant antipyretic activity in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in Guinea pig throughout the observation period of 6 hours. SLE may have analgesic and antipyretic activities.

Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Analgesic, Antipyretic.

OP – Miscellaneous– 06 EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH

Meera Goswami*, Gaurav Pant and P. C. Joshi

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India E mail: [email protected]

Air pollution is a contamination of atmosphere by gaseous, particulate and biological molecules or by-products which can endanger human health and the environment. Air pollution is a foremost concern of new civilized world. It has a number of different emission sources, but

(477) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. Much of the work on air pollution in the few decades has centred on a small set of six substances, called criteria pollutants, that have been identified as contributors to both sulphurous and photochemical smog problems. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), USEPA has set national air quality standards for six criteria pollutants: ground level ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter and lead. Short and long term exposure to air suspended pollutants has a different toxicological impact on human including respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, skin diseases, eyes irritation, and long term chronic diseases such as cancer. Several reports have revealed the direct association between exposure to the poor air quality and increasing rate of morbidity and mortality mostly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Air pollution is deliberated as the major environmental threat factor in the prevalence and progression of some diseases such as asthma, ventricular hypertrophy, lung cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, psychological complications, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight. In this review article, we intended to confer toxicology of major air pollutants, sources of emission, and their impression on human health.

Keywords: Air pollution, human health, environment, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract diseases, toxicology.

OP – Miscellaneous– 07 ROLE OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Gaurav Pant*, Dalip Mansotra, Meera Goswami and P. C. Joshi

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar – 249404 *Email: [email protected]

Climate change is becoming a threat to the Biodiversity at the global level, becoming the cause for extinction of different species of flora and fauna. Species distribution models (SDMs) plays an important role in biodiversity conservation from its initial phase of

(478) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences development to the present time through the linkage between sciences to decision process and policy making. These models gives the future scenarios of the different landscapes on the basis of known and projected ecological parameters. While there are many cautionary things exist, the persuasive capacity of the models to thee non-scientific community about the effects of environmental change are overwhelming. Scientists should explain the ambiguity of the futures illustrated in their models, but also to involve the different stakeholders who will shape those future conditions. Stakeholders can assess the natural resources, raise their voices in the environmental policy making and articulate the array of solution, which they are keen to consent. Creating alternate scenarios is an academic exercise unless it is related to real viable decisions concerning important resources. The full potential of SDMs is reached by the combined involvement of public stakeholders, scientists and policy makers and can be used as an adaptive management tool for understanding the long and short-term changes which are undergoing in any complex landscape.

Keywords: SDM, Biodiversity conservation, Environment policy, Ecological parameters.

(479) (480) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS

MISCELLANEOUS

(481) (482) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 01

STUDY OF THE AWARENESS ABOUT AIDS/HIV AMONG THE STUDENTS OF R. N. COLLEGE HAJIPUR, BIHAR, INDIA

1 Rakesh Mohan, 2Sushma Kumari, 3Vijay Kumar 4Suchitra Kumari

1, 2,&3Department of Zoology, R N. College, Hajipur 4 B.R.A.B.Univ. Muzaffarpur, Bihar Email: [email protected]

In this research paper it was try to know the awareness of HIV /AIDS among the students of R. N. College, Hajipur by the method of questionnaire and interview. The research works were carried during the month of August 2019. A set of 15 questions were framed in the form of questionnaire, as adopted from the Research paper – “Mohan Rakesh, Study of the awareness about AIDS/HIV among the selected categories of the students of the locality Agarwa & Bluatal of Motihari town, East Champaran, Bihar, Res Expo Int Multi Res Journal ISSN: 2250-1630, March-2014, p27” to know the awareness of the HIV/AIDS among our students. A total of 900 students of different stream of Bachelor courses were interviewed with the help of the students of M. Sc. (Zoology)

Keywords: Hajipur, AIDS awareness HIV, Monogamy, Unsafe sex.

(483) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 02

SPATIAL MODELLING OF BLUETONGUE IN KARNATAKA USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

K. P. Suresh*, Sharanagouda S. Patil, and Parimal Roy

ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India Email: [email protected]

Bluetongue accounts for maximum incidence/deaths mainly in sheep which inflicts major losses in southern India. Disease prediction can be of considerable value in long-term sustainable development. Poisson-based spatial scan statistic was used to identify disease clusters. Disease data with significant weather and remote sensing data obtained from the discriminant analysis was subjected to artificial intelligence models for disease prediction. Three groups of 5 years each were divided to identify risk patterns. The southern region showed high risk over the years due to favorable conditions. The developed model outperforms the traditional models in disease prediction for prioritizing the mitigation strategies and efficiently allocating the resources.

Keywords: Bluetongue, Artificial intelligence, Remote Sensing, discriminant analysis

(484) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 03

TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN DEVELOPING NUTRICEREALS BASED RTE FOOD - A FOOD FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY

Harini Venugopal*, H.M. Jayaprakasha, Arun Kumar, H

Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, INDIA Email: [email protected]

This investigation was undertaken to formulate RTE foods utilizing malted flours of nutricereals namely finger millet, foxtail millet and little millet along with corn and wheat. It is also endeavor in this study to supplement the product with WPC and Horse gram to enhance protein profile. Composite flour technology makes it possible to blend, mix or fortify one food material with others. So that the resulting fortified mix has not only better nutritional quality but also the necessary attributes for consumer acceptance. With this unique concept the investigation involved in blending of composite flour through replacement method, in the ratios of nutricereals (finger millet, foxtail millet and little millet; 1:1:1) and corn-wheat with 0: 100, 25: 75, 50: 50, 75: 25 and 100: 0 proportions. The RTE food was formulated with Nutricereals and Corn-wheat (75: 25), 20 per cent sugar, 10 per cent horse gram and 8.0 per cent WPC. It was further subjected to extrusion process and oil fried to develop RTE food .The developed millet based composite flour RTE product was found to be highly acceptable without sacrificing the sensory quality The functional aspects of composite flour based RTE were analyzed regarding ER (Expansion ratio), WAI (water absorption ratio), WSI (water solubility Index) and OAC (oil absorption capacity) .The result revealed that RTE food developed with 75:25 nutricereal : corn and wheat flour combination had 2.74 ER, 5.40 WAI, 5.78 WSI, 218.75 WHC , and 61.25 OAC with 3.9 % moisture, 5.5 % fat, 10.07 % protein, 5.32 % crude fiber, 2.48 % minerals and 72.73 % carbohydrate.

Key words: Minor millets, Whey protein concentrate, Horse gram, RTE food, functional properties.

(485) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 04

ABIOTIC FACTOR

Sunil Kumar Bhardwaj

Deptt. Of Zoology Major S.D.Sing P.G. College Mohammadabad, Farrukhabad (U.P.) Email ID: [email protected]

Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. Some examples of abiotic factors are water, soil, air, sunlight, temperature, and minerals. Although abiotic factors have been less important to date, changing temperatures could cause further habitat loss in the future. Biotic and abiotic factors are increasingly acknowledged to synergistically shape broad-scale species distributions. Very few ecological studies have attempted to fully test the integrative role of abiotic and biotic factors. Temperature is the most important abiotic factors it has a profound effect on physiology behavior. Growth and development of micronecta striata (Fieb.) The body temperature of micronecta striata (Fieb.) is never below the surrounding water even while it is inactive. The temperature of the body is greatly influenced by the movements of the body. Temperature nutrients and salinity in biology and ecology, biotic components or abiotic factors or non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment.

Keywords: Biotic factors include animals, Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment.

(486) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 05

IN VITROTHROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF POSTERIOR REGION OF THE EARTHWORM, EUDRILUS EUGENAE

Yogita Y. Falak, Ashwini R. Patil, Namrata G. Mahajan, and Manojkumar Z. Chopda*

Department of Zoology, Animal House Division, MooljiJaitha (Autonomous) College, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India 425002 *Email: [email protected]

Atherothrombosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take the lives of 17.7 million people every year, 31% of all global deaths due to the heart attacks and strokes caused by a vessel blockage by thrombus. Thrombolytic drugs are available in the market, however, they cause some side effects and expensive. Therefore, present research work carried out on, In vitro thrombolytic activity of extract of the posterior part of earthworm: Eudriluseugeniae (PPEE) using plasma clot method. Clot lysis is checked at various concentrations of the extract against the artificially prepared plasma clot. Streptokinase used as standard and sterilized distilled water used as control. The percentage of clot lysis was analyzed by computing the difference between the weights of the clot. The earthworm: Eudriluseugeniae extract (PPEE) at various concentrations exhibit significant activity. Group III at 300mg/ml, of concentration exhibit moderate activity as compare to that of standard, which is 6.74 ± 1.26 %, 9.49 ± 0.26 % and 8.31 ± 0.74% respectively. All three concentrations showed significant activity as compared to control. Hence, it may conclude that the earthworm extract has the potential to dissolve the clot, therefore, it is an urgent need to isolate the active molecule which is therapeutically beneficial in future use.

Keywords: Thrombosis, Eudriluseugeniae, Earthworm extract, Thrombolytic activity.

(487) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 06

BIOMASS YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE GRAIN SPROUTS

Chethan, K.P.*, Shiva Kumar Gowda, N.K.**, Prabhu, T.M.*, and Giridhar, K.S. **

*Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka. **ICAR-NIANP Audogodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka. Email:: [email protected]

The study was aimed to find out the biomass yield and change in nutrient composition of maize grain when sprouted in hydroponic system. Maize grain sprouts (MGS) was harvested on the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th day. Height of the shoot growth and yield was recorded. Analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition and ME content with in vitro gas production technique. It was determined that on 10th day maximum yield of MGS i.e., 4.5 kg per kg of maize grain with DM content 16.5% was obtained. As the number of day was increased there was reduction of biomass yield. Found increase in nutrient content CP (13.0%), EE (4.40%), NDF (32.99%), ADF (15.50%), TA (2.89%) and decreased ME 12.204 MJ/kg DM in MGS compared to the maize grain. As per the results obtained suitable harvesting time to get maximum yield is 10 days and MGS has better nutritive value than maize grain.

Keywords: Biomass Yield, Nutritive Value, Hydroponics, Maize grain sprouts.

(488) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 07

EFFICACY OF NATIVEEARTHWORM SPECIES IN WASTE CONVERSION.

Swati Aga, Namita Joshi, and Neha Tiwari

Department of Environmental Sciences, KanyaGurukul Campus, GurukulKangriViswavidyalaya,Haridwar 249407, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting using earthworms, to speed up the process of waste conversion and to produce a better end product native earthworm species were introduced into the agricultural waste and cowdung separately. Species of Eutyphoeus from Ochtochaetidae group were native earthworm species of Motichur Forest Range which were collected and used in waste conversion process. A total of 150 days were required by species for conversion of cowdung into vermicompost whereas for preparation of agricultural waste vermicompost 165 days were recorded. The NPK percentage of cowdungvermicompost was 1.56, 0.39 and 0.74% which was found to be higher than the values 0.35, 0.05 and 0.02% recorded for agricultural waste vermicompost.

Keywords: Biotechnological, Composting, Vermicomposting.

(489) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 08

TRICLOSAN EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE MICROALGAL COMMUNITY: AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDY

S. Das Sarkar, S. K. Nag, Kavita Kumari, Md. Aftabuddin and B.K. Das

ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected]

Toxicity responses of Triclosan (TCS) have been observed in the axenic culture of microalgae obtained from wetland and maintained in laboratory conditions. The 48h microalgal median effective concentration (EC50) of TCS was 1.0 μg/l. Preliminary bioassay revealed decreased cell density i.e. from 4.75x104 cells/ml (initial generic richness) to 2.41x104 cells/ml after 48h. Cell malformities viz. chloroplast granulation in Nitzschia and Navicula and shape distortion in Selenastrum and sub-cellular lysis in Chlorella vulgaris in treated samples was observed as compared to control. The present study will visualize and quantify the teratogical deformities and morphometric asymmetry in photosynthetic autotrophs caused by the environmental toxicants.

Keywords: Triclosan, Microalgae, Cellular lysis, Morphological deformity

(490) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 09

REDESCRIPTION OF A SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUDORYLAIMUS (ANDRASSY 1963) IN JALANA DISTRICT [M.S.] INDIA.

Vishnu Barote*, Raosaheb Barote*, Sagar Gavali**, Sunita Borde**

*Sant, Dnyneshwar Mahavidyalaya, Soegaon Dist. Aurangabad. **Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Email: [email protected]

Redescription of the genus Eudorylaimus found in the soil around the root of soybean crops in Jalna district (M.S), India. The species characterized by its medium size body, body ventrally curved upon fixation tapering toward both extremities, cuticle thick at mid- body. Body length 6.4mm and width of the body is 18μm. Amphids stirrup-shaped, guiding ring single, pharynx odontostylet. Cardia cup-shaped broad quadrangular. Female genital system amphidelphic, both the sexual branches equally developed. Ovaries relaxed at both sides. Tail length 34 μm and tail slightly curved dorsally.

Keywords: Eudorylaimus, Jalna district, Nematode.

(491) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 10

RELATIVE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UPON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MYCOFLORAL DIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL OF WHEAT FIELD IN HARIDWAR, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Raushani Raj* and Namita Joshi

Department of Environmental Sciences, KanyaGurukula Campus, GurukulaKangri University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India. E-mail: [email protected]

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the physico-chemical and mycofloral proportion in agricultural field of wheat in Haridwar District during 2015-2017. Three different farmer plots were selected for the present experiment. The first plot was taken as control (T1) which was maintained with cow dung manure and without the use of any chemical fertilizer. In second plot (T2), the chemical fertilizers (NPK) were applied alone to the field for the growth of the crop. In the third plot

(T3), combined treatments of organic fertilizer (Farmyard Manure) with chemical fertilizer (NPK) were given to the soil as per the requirement of the crop. All the three plots were irrigated with tube well water. A total of 21 species of 14 genera were isolated from the agricultural fields of different treatments from which 9 species were observed from control plot (T1), 12 species were isolated from chemically amendend plot (T2) and the highest fungal diversity with 16 species were recovered from T3 plot which was nourished with combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer. Aspergillus nigerwas dominant species in

T1 plot while Fusarium graminearumshowed its dominancy in T2 plot which is considered as pathogenic fungi for wheat plant. This species was absent T3 plot in which mixed organic fertilizer along with chemical fertilizer were applied. Trichoderma harzianumwas the most dominant species in this plot which can be used as efficacious biocontrol agent against several fungal soilborne plant pathogens. Some other beneficial fungi like Trichodemahamatum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nigershowed positive correlation

(492) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences with some soil physico-chemical properties like Temperature, OC, N, P and K in this plot. Combined use of FYM and NPK resulted in significant increase of OC, N, P and K in the agricultural plot while reduction of pH, N, P and K were observed in the farmer plot where inorganic fertilizers were applied alone in the farmer field. The highest crop yield were recovered from this agricultural plot. Our findings gave an idea that balanced and combined use of inorganic and organic fertilizer may inhance thephysico-chemical and mycofloral diversity in agricultural soil and improves soil fertility.

Keywords: Fertilizer treatment,Mycofloral Diversity, Agricultural soil, Farmyard manure.

PP – Miscellaneous– 11

COMPARITIVE STUDY ON NATIVE BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND EXOTIC BOS TAURUS BREED COWDUNG SUBSTRATES TO SUPPORT THE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND COMPOST QUALITY OF EARTHWORM EUDRILUS EUGENIAE

Rini Joseph and Kathireswari .P*

Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu E-mail: [email protected]

The composting possess the action of different microbial communities and release most of the nitrogen as in the form of ammonia. Were as, vermicompost release nitrogen in the form of nitrate and it can be easily absorbable by plants. The eco-friendly method of vermicomposting helps to convert the organic waste into wealth. An attempt was made for composting of two different breed cowdung such as native cowdung of Vechur breed (Bostaurus indicus) and exotic cowdung of Jeresy breed (Bostaurus) using earthworms EudrilusEugeniae. The reproductive potential and compost quality was determined by short term on 45th day and long term 90th day in control and vermicompost samples. The experimental results showed that the reproductive potential of EudrilusEugeniae was higher

(493) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations in Bostaurus indicus (428.66 ± 2.02) samples than Bostaurus(219.33 ± 0.88 ) compost quality viz., macro and micro nutrients were observed higher in native Bostaurus indicus than exotic Bostaurus.

Keywords: Composting, Vermicomposting, Native breed, Bostaurus indicus, Exotic breed Bostaurus indicus, Eudriluseugeniae.

PP – Miscellaneous– 12

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL BY EARTHWORM MEAL IN THE DIETS JUVENILES OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA AND TO STUDY ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL.

Ritu Kumari* and Roopma Gandotra.

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, 180006. Email: [email protected]

The present study was conducted to examine the possibility of replacing a fish meal with earthworm meal in the diets of the juveniles of Cirrhinusmrigala (0.306±0.003gm). Five isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) supplemented with varying level of earthworm meal i.e at 0% (E0); 15% (E15); 25% (E25); 35% (E35) was formulated and fed thrice daily to triplicate groups of the juveniles of Cirrhinusmrigala @5% body weight. Results revealed that the best growth performance in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, percentage weight gain, FCR, and FCE, were highest in fish fed diet E25. Diet (E25) had a significant effect on growth performance and feed utilization (pd”0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that fish meal can be substituted with earthworm meal up to 25% in the diet of juveniles of Cirrhinusmrigala without adverse effects on growth and nutrient utilization.

Keywords: Fishmeal, Earthworm meal, Percentage weight gain, Survival, Cirrhinusmrigala.

(494) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 13 STUDIES ON TRADITIONAL USE, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FIVE SELECTIVE PLANTS OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA, INDIA

Soubhagya Nayak, Subhrakanta Jena and Hemanta Kumar Sahu

P.G. Dept. of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Mayurbhanj, Odisha Email: [email protected]

Ethnobiology deals with the study of medicinal plants and animal species. Finding better sources for nutrition and medicine is the need of the hour. In sighting, the current investigation aimed to document the traditionally used plant species of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. A total of 25 plant species were reported, out of which five plant species were selected for phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation. As per the investigation, the selected plant species show the presence of essential phytochemicals and antimicrobial potency against selected microbes. This signifies that these selected plant species can be used to discover new efficacious drugs and medicines to build a better life for humankind.

Keywords: Ethnobiology, Mayurbhanj, Traditional plants, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial

PP – Miscellaneous– 14 IMPACT OF LANDUSE PRACTICES ON SOIL PROFILE

Priya Chaudhary, Namita Joshi, and Meha Bora

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar Email: [email protected]

Landuse is the comprehensive reflection of production activity carried out by human on land. Landuse change plays an important part in the studies of global environmental change and regional sustainable development. The change of soil quality can be particularly reflecting

(495) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations the impacts of human socioeconomic activities on environment. Taking two landuse types i.e. forest land and agricultural land; we analyzed the effects of landuse practices on physico- chemical parameters of soil, enumeration of mycoflora, soil fertility and soil evaluation factor. Results of this study show that, the forest soil is relatively more fertile than agricultural soil.

Keywords: Land use, Global environmental change, Sustainable development, Forest land, agriculture land.

PP – Miscellaneous– 15

SEASONAL VARIATION IN MYCOFLORA POPULATION IN SUBTROPICAL FOREST SOIL OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Priya Chaudhary, Namita Joshi, and Meha Bora

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Email: [email protected]

Seasonal variation of soil mycoflora isolated from two forest ranges viz. Motichur and Chilla of Rajaji national park, Uttarakhand were studied for a period of twenty four months by using serial dilution agar plate technique. Results revealed that the higher CFU’s (colony forming units) of mycoflora were recorded from Motichur forest range during rainy season followed by summer and winter season. Total 20 fungal species were reported and about 19 different species belongs to three groups viz. Ascomycotina, Zygomycotina and Deuteromycotina were identified with the help of relevant literatures and one was unidentified. The fungi isolated include one species of Acomycetes, one species of Zygomycetes and remaining species were Deuteromycetes. A marked seasonal variation in mycoflora has been found. Fungal flora was also correlated with varying ecological factors viz. temperature, moisture content, pH, organic carbon and nitrogen.

Keywords: Mycoflora, RNP, CFU, Ecological factor.

(496) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 16

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL MYCOFLORA IN RICE CROP FIELD AT MISSARPUR VILLAGE IN HARIDWAR DISTRICT, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Raushani Raj* and Namita Joshi

Department of Environmental Sciences, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India. E-mail: [email protected]

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the identification of mycofloral diversity and its relation with some physico- chemical parameters in agricultural fields of rice in Haridwar for two consecutive years 2016 and 2017.Three different agricultural plots of rice were selected for the present investigation. A total of 25 species of 14 genera were isolated from all the three differently treated plots out of which 10 species were observed from control plot (T1), 11 species were identified from chemically treated plot (T2) and the highest fungal diversity wit 18 species were isolated from T3 plot which was maintained with combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer.

Gliocladium viride was dominant species T1 plot while Helminthosporium solani. followed by Rhizoctonia solani showed its dominancy in T2 plot which are considered as highly pathogenic fungi for rice plant. Trichoderma hamatum was the most dominant species in

T3 plot. It showed positive correlation with some soil physico chemical parameters like moisture content, organic carbon, P and K. Its correlation in the soil serve as a pointer to the status of soil health as the genus Trichoderma has many species with biocontrol potential for crop pathogens. The highest crop yield was recovered from T3 plot in comparison of other plots. Combined use of FYM and NPK increased soil nutrients in rice field after 2 years when compared with other treated plots. Overall results showed that the combined application of FYM and NPK increased mycofloral diversity in rice field which helps in maintaining soil fertility for sustainable agricultural system.

Keywords: - Agricultural soil, Farmyard manure, Mycoflora, Rice field.

(497) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 17

FOLIAR PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF TREE SPECIES TO SEASONAL DUST LOAD ACCUMULATION

Meha Bora, Namita Joshi, and Priya Chaudhary

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Email: [email protected]

Plants growing in polluted environment often respond and showed significant changes in their morphology, physiology and biochemistry. The variation in biochemical parameters in the leaves can be used as indicators of air pollution for early diagnosis of stress or as a marker for physiological damage prior to the onset of visible injury symptoms. The objective of the study was to analyze the seasonal variation in dust load on leaf biochemical attributes of 6 tree species planted along the roadside at Haridwar. The tree species selected for study were Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Saraca indica and Eucalyptus citriodora. There was a significant negative and positive correlation between dust load and different leaf attributes i.e. chlorophyll content, protein and soluble sugar decrease whereas ascorbic acid, proline and amino acids increase with increase in dust load respectively. Thus, leaf biochemical attributes showed inconsistency and are species specific.

Keywords: Leaf attributes, Seasonal variation, Physiological response, Bio-indicator, Bio- monitor

(498) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 18

VARIATION IN DUST CAPTURING CAPACITY OF TREES EXPOSED TO PARTICULATE POLLUTION

Meha Bora, Namita Joshi, and Priya Chaudhary

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Email: [email protected]

Plants act as biological filters, removing airborne particulate matter. Dust deposited on leaf surface was estimated on 6 tree species to determine the highest dust capturing potential of common roadside trees (Tectona grandis, Shore robusta, Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Saraca indica and Eucalyptus citriodora). The dust capturing capacity of trees depends on morphological features viz., leaf surface and texture, petiole length, trichomes, leaf lamina, canopy structure. Results showed that all species have maximum dust load in winter season followed by summer and rainy season. The trend of dust deposition among the species: Site – I [Tectona grandis: 0.547±0.030 mg/cm2 > Shorea robusta: 0.535±0.030 mg/cm2], [Azadirachta indica: 0.696±0.034 mg/cm2 > Ficus religiosa: 0.643±0.033 mg/cm2] for Site – II and [Eucalyptus citriodora: 0.645±0.33 mg/cm2 > Saraca indica: 0.578±0.031 mg/cm2] for Site – III. The use of Tectona grandis, Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus citriodora is recommended to monitor dust pollution. Tree species with effective dust capturing capacity should be planted around roadside/ industrial areas, as they can act as efficient biological filters removing significant amount of particulate pollution.

Keywords: Biological filter, Leaf Phyllotaxy, Petiole Length, Dust Trapping Efficiency

(499) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 19

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN ROADSIDE SOIL

Meha Bora, Namita Joshi, and Priya Chaudhary

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Email: [email protected]

Soil is dynamic and complex systems were any changes in its physico-chemical characteristics would severely alter the fate of heavy metals within its body. Concentration of Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd and Mn were determined to assess the impact of automobiles on heavy metal contamination of roadside soil. Soil samples at high polluted site (urban and industrial area) and less polluted site (forest area) were collected at depth of 0-20 cm. The results indicated that there is a wide variation in the level of heavy metal at different sites. Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni and Mn were significantly higher at polluted sites. The mean concentrations of metal were found to follow the decreasing order: Mn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The vehicular pollution in addition to other sources is the possible indicator of enhanced level of metal concentrations along roadways.

Keywords: Metal concentration, Vehicular pollution, Dynamic system, Soil quality, Toxicity.

(500) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous– 20

NUTRIENT DYNAMICS UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTATIONS IN SUBTROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Priya Chaudhary, Namita Joshi, and Meha Bora

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Hardwar-249407 Email: [email protected]

The present study was undertaken to determine the dynamics in physico-chemical and microbiological features of soil under Sal and Teak Plantations in Motichur and Chilla forest ranges of Rajaji national park of Uttarakhand at seasonal interval. Sal (Shorea robusta) and Teak (Tectona Grandis ) are two dominant tree species in the study area and other important associated species in the region are: Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sisso and Bombax ceiba. Mean values of moisture content, water holding capacity and organic carbon were recorded higher in soil under sal in Motichur forest range. Results of the study indicated that the soil under Teak in Chilla forest range was better enriched with nitrogen (0.303ppm) and potassium (11.60ppm) in rainy season as compared to the soil under Sal. Microbial respiration was recorded higher (0.074μg/g of dry soil) under Teak in Chilla forest range in rainy season. Correlation Coefficient was also calculated among Microbial respiration and physico-chemical parameters of soil. Microbial respiration was positively correlated (r = 9998, p<0.05) with nitrogen under Sal in Chilla. Results of the study indicated that the large amounts of available N and K were detected in the soils during Rainy season may have been due to an increase in the mineralisation rate, which resulted in the release of nutrients.

Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, Forest ecosystem, Microbiological features, Motichur forest range, Rajajo national park.

(501) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous– 21

SEASONAL VARIATION IN SOIL MICROBIAL RESPIRATION IN SUBTROPICAL FOREST OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Priya Chaudhary, Namita Joshi, and Meha Bora

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Email: [email protected]

We examined monthly and seasonal changes in soil microbial respiration under Sal and Teak plantations in two forest ranges i.e. Motichur and Chilla of Rajaji National Park in Uttarakhand. Microbial respiration was recorded to be highest in rainy season and lowest during cool and dry winter season under Sal vegetation in both sites. The correlation coefficient between microbial respiration and soil properties i.e. soil moisture, soil temperature and soil organic carbon has been analyzed. Results indicate that microbial respiration rate is highly influenced by seasons, environmental factors and types of vegetation.

Keywords: Microbial respiration, correlation coefficient, soil properties.

PP – Miscellaneous– 22 A NOVEL BIOSORBENT FROM FOLK WEED DERIVATIES FOR RECYCLING DOMESTIC SEWAGE

Rajagopal Bhuvaneswari

Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College Sivakasi-626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Water plays an important role in the world economy. Majority (71%) of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, but fresh water constitutes a miniscule fraction (3%) of the total. This natural resource is becoming scarce at many places and its unavailability is a major social

(502) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences and economic concern. Though access to safe drinking water has improved over the last few decades, it is estimated that five million deaths per year are caused due to consumption of polluted drinking water or drought. Recycling water is imperative to ensure supply can still meet demand. Recycling domestic sewage is one way of recycling water, and this also has the added benefit of cutting the cost of industrial sewage treatment processes. Heavy metals are toxic, persistent, carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature. Industrial wastewater is a widely known source for metal pollution in aquatic bodies as well as surface contamination. There are various techniques available for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, like ion-exchange, membrane filtration, electrolysis, coagulation, flotation, and adsorption. However, these methods have several disadvantages like high operating cost, sludge generation and selectivity of metals. Among them, adsorption processes are extensively used for heavy metal and other pollutant removal. Biosorption is an eco-friendly, sustainable, rapid and economic process, which increases its wide application. Biosorbents are easily available and low cost in nature. Plant biomasses are commonly used as biosorbents for synthetic and real wastewater treatment. This paper presents a state of the art review of weed plant-based biosorbents used for water pollution control, highlighting and discussing key advancement on the preparation of novel adsorbents utilizing weed plant derivatives, its major challenges together with the future prospective. It is evident from the literature survey that plant-based biosorbents have shown good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants. However, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of such developed adsorbents on commercial scale, leading to the superior improvement of pollution control and environmental preservation.

Keywords: Phyto constituents, Folk weed, Biosorbent, Domestic sewage.

(503) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations

PP – Miscellaneous - 23

STUDY OF THE ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY INDEXING OF GANGA RIVER SYSTEM IN HIMALAYAN REGION

Kumar, Avinash1*, Matta, Gagan1, Bhatnagar, S.2

1Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India 2Pollution Control Research Institute, BHEL, Haridwar *Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Zooplankton are floating creature living in the seas, especially the pelagic and littoral zones, just as in streams, lakes and lakes. Greater part of them are infinitesimal, unicellular or multicellular structures with size extending from a couple of microns to a millimetre or more. The occurrence and distribution of zooplankton in any aquatic body can provide its water quality level and transformation of energy in aquatic food chain. The variability of zooplanktons is mainly influenced by seasons, patchiness and diurnal vertical migration. Examination of zooplankton start with test accumulation utilizing microscopic fish net, protection, recognizable proof of tests to most minimal level conceivable, count to information translation including measurable investigation of the population observed. A long haul observing project could give better and exact data on the condition of the biodiversity and surveying needs for protection of a river system. In this work It is found that surface water temperature, magnesium and total hardness could be a limiting factor for the species richness. Among the various groups of Protozoa was reported dominant in Ganga River water. Strength might be because of the numerical abundance of rotifer and copepod and it is positively correlated with pH.

Keywords: Water quality, Zooplankton, Diversity, Pollution indicator, Species richness

(504) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Misclleaneous - 24

COMMUNITY ANALYSIS OF WOODY SPECIES IN SIX TROPICAL FOREST OF RAJAJI TIGER RESERVE, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

*Akash1, Navneet1 and B. S. Bhandari2

1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University; Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, 249401 2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University; Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India, 246174 Email: [email protected]

The structure, function and the ecosystem services of tropical forest are highly depending on the diversity of species, richness and variation in the assemblages of the tree species population over time. Rajaji Tiger Reserve is one of the most important protected area in terms of conservation of the biodiversity in Northern India. The tiger reserve has a magnificent ecosystem nestled in Uttarakhand Himalaya. The tropical forest of Rajaji Tiger Reserve maintaining the diversity of woody species and providing the significant contribution to the flora of Northern India. The long-term data from permanent vegetation in protected areas generally have yielded a wealth of data on the species diversity as well as the dynamics of tree populations but this type of studies only rarely been undertaken in the tropical landscape which favor large human population. Thus the drivers of anthropogenic pressures and their effects on community composition and species diversity are not well known. To investigate the status of trees, saplings, seedlings and their diversity as well as the regeneration pattern and the status of woody species, random plots of 20×20 m2 were laid out by Nested quadrat sampling method in six forest sites of Rajaji Tiger Reserve. The enumeration of 72 plots resulting 19,050 individuals, 58 species, 50 genera and 30 families of tree species in which Holoptelea integrifolia, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta, Cassia fistula and Trewia nudiflora were the species which showed higher importance value index (IVI) in the study area. The stand density of the six sites ranges from 149.99 h-1 - 397.91 h-1 whereas

(505) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations the total basal cover of trees ranges from 3.61 m2 h-1 - 46.81 m2 h-1. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.35 to 2.51, Simpson index ranged from 0.097 - 0.45, Margalef index ranged 2.58 - 4.9. The Evenness index ranged from 0.55 - 0.85 in the study area. The study also revealed that the overall regeneration pattern was fairly good but in some area there was poor regeneration pattern of species. This may be due to the past anthropogenic activity of human and their livestock feeding. It is necessary to give sufficient time to the forest to reduce pressure. Therefore, the seedlings and saplings have much time established and reach into mature stage.

Keywords: Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Tropical forest, Regeneration potential

PP – Miscellaneous - 25

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Nayak, Anjali1*, Matta, Gagan1, Uniyal, D.P.2

1Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India 2Uttarakhand Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Impact of wastewater pollution on human health is one of the most important and rising global concern. The pollution is mostly caused by discharge of industrial effluent, agricultural runoff, discharge of domestic effluents and sewage in rural and urban areas. These have both direct and indirect negative impacts on human health. The present study is mainly aimed at reviewing the treated and untreated industrial waste water effluent impact on human health and environment. The quality of wastewater effluents is in charge of the debasement of the getting water bodies due to untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater effluents may prompt eutrophication of the receiving water bodies and furthermore make ecological conditions that support multiplication of water-borne pathogens or toxin-producing cyanobacteria. In expansion, recreational water users coming into contact with the

(506) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences contaminated water are at risk. Although many living organism such as bacteria, fungi, viruses play various advantageous roles in wastewater system. Large amounts of wastewater effluents are gone through sewage treatment systems consistently, there is a need to cure and lessen the general effects of these effluents in receiving water bodies. in order to comply with wastewater enactments and rules, there is a requirement for satisfactory treatment before discharge of effluents in water bodies. This can be accomplished through the utilization of appropriate treatment processes, which will help to minimize the adverse impact of waste water on public health and environment. To accomplish diminished release of wastewater into receiving water bodies, cautious planning and process, satisfactory and reasonable treatment, regular assessment and appropriate enactments are necessary.

Keywords: Industrial waste water, Treatment, Environment, Health, Impact, Discharge.

PP – Miscellaneous - 26

EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTS

Kumar Pawan1, Matta Gagan1, Kumar Amit2

1Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GKV Haridwar, 2Wadia Institute of Himalyan Geology Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high density at least five times greater than water density and high atomic weight. The presence of heavy metals in aquatic stream, soil, food and air has become major threats to human health. Heavy metal toxicity has a threat to human health as well as on environment. The exposure of heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic are associated with major threats to human health. These metals have been studied frequently and their effects on human health checking regularly by international bodies such as WHO. Many heavy metals are utilizing by the human being since so long. Although many adverse human health effects of heavy metals observing for a long time still the concentration of such metals increasing in ground water in some areas of

(507) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations the world for an example the concentration of Arsenic in ground water is beyond the permissible limit set by BIS in West Bengal. Cadmium compounds are mostly used in re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. The main cause of the increasing cadmium concentration in our environment is that the cadmium-containing product are rarely recycled apart this they are dumped together with house hold waste. Cigarette smoking is the major source of cadmium exposer for those who smoking the cigarette, for non-smokers food is the main source of cadmium exposure. Cadmium exposure has a threat for kidney, the Skelton and the respiratory system and it is classified as a carcinogen for human. The acceptable limit of cadmium concentration in drinking water is 0.003 mg/l set by BIS. Like Cadmium arsenic, lead and mercury are also have a dangerous threat to human health the acceptable limits of arsenic, lead and mercury is 0.01 mg/l, 0.01mg/l and 0.001 mg/l respectively set by BIS. It is observed that the concentration of arsenic in ground could be due to bedrock Bengal and Bangladesh. Utilization of water (having high concentration of arsenic) for irrigation purpose adding sufficient amount to soil and currents crops and has serious threats to livelihoods of affected people. Arsenic is a potent carcinogen. Lead and Mercury also count as carcinogen heavy metals. This abstract is based on review papers of toxicity of heavy metals on human health.

Keywords: Groundwater, Heavy metal, Toxicity, Human Health.

PP – Miscellaneous - 27

STUDY OF ICHNOFOSSILS IN AKLI AREA, BARMER DISTRICT, WESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA

M K Goyal*, G S Rathore and S L Nama

Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur *Email: [email protected]

Ichnofossil, also trace fossil is a geological record of biological activity. Ichnofossils are exposed in the Barmer basin of the Indian subcontinent these trace fossils found in Akli formation. Ichnofossils are an expression of the alteration of the depositional fabric of in sedimentary rocks by living organisms. Traces fossils are formed by organism performing

(508) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences the work their everyday life such as burrowing, feeding, crawling, boring or feeding. Worm trails and tetrapod footprints and burrow made by clams and arthropods are all ‘’trace fossils’’. The records of biological activity left in rocks in trace fossils that organism is evidence were active there they do not include hard parts ‘’body fossils’’. The study of traces – ichnology – divides into palaeoichnology, or the study of trace fossils, and neoichnology, the study of modern traces. Palaeoenvironmental significance of trace fossils are preserved in biogenic structures or within the sediments by an organism during their various movements such as dwelling, resting, feeding, etc. Ichnological science offers many challenges, as most traces reflect the behaviour – not the biological affinity – of their makers.

Keywords:- Ichnofossil, Akli formation, Footprint, Palaeoenvironmental.

PP – Miscellaneous - 28

SLEEP BEHAVIOUR IN SHIFT – WORKING PARAMILITARY PERSONNEL

Poonam Singh

PG Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodhgaya Email: [email protected]

A questionnaire-based was carried out on 508 shift personnel of paramilitary forces to reveal the association between sleep behavior and other parameters, such as general health, fatigue, job satisfaction, etc. They worked in counterclockwise fast rotating shift system, which has several drawbacks. Various parameters, like chronotype, excessive day time sleepiness, general health, fatigue level and job satisfaction were considered to exhibit their relationship with sleep disturbances. 90.2% subjects complained about moderate sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances was more pronounced in evening type individuals. A negative relationship between sleep disturbances and chronotype was reported. A significant positive relationship between age and chronotype noticed in the present study, and we documented that about 71.1% shift personnel reported moderate level of fatigue. We also demonstrated that fatigue has strong relationship with daytime sleepiness and sleep disruption. In the present

(509) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : Abstracts of Oral/Poster Presentations study fatigue showed negative association with chronotype. With reference to psychological problems, we noticed that regardless of shift work 99% of shift personnel did not report any kind of psychological poor health. Factors such as change of shifts, disciplined life, emergency duties, maintaining performance, job stress etc. in combination may lead to sleep disruptions, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness. Among 508 subjects 11% were discontented with their job. Also evening type individuals found to be more satisfied with their job. Sleep disturbances and fatigue, most of the shift personnel are adapting to shift work and found to be psychologically normal and satisfied with their job. Similar studies on abnormal patterns in sleep-wake behavior, and depressive moods of farmers and daily wage workers have been done and research is going on.

Keywords: Shift work, Sleep behavior, Paramilitary personnel, Chronotype, Fatigue, Job satisfaction, Excessive daytime sleepiness.

PP – Miscellaneous - 29 IMPACT OF COAL MINES FIRE ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Dilip Kumar Keshri

P.G. Centre of Zoology, Gaya College, Gaya (Bihar) Email: [email protected]

Indian coal mines have a historical record of extensive fire activity for over 80 years. At present, about 70% of mines fire occure due to spontaneous heating in the underground and open cast coal mines. The impact of mines fire on human health and natural resources is very severe as all the three basic elements Viz. air, water and land, are badly affected. Human life can get affected due to pollution of air by release of noxious gases like oxides of carbon, sulphur and suspended particulate matters. It effects increased salinity of water due to evaporation and reduction of dissolved oxygen in water bodies which seriously affect the aquatic fauna and flora of a particular area. Coal mines fire also results the extensive damage to land, high temperature of soil causing sterilisation of soil and hydrological cycle of environment.

Keywords: Coal mines, Fire, Human Health, Natural resources.

(510) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

PP – Miscellaneous - 30 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES – IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATION

M. Bhaskar and B. Sujatha

Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept. of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India E-mail: [email protected]

Biodiversity or Biological diversity is the variety and variability of all living forms on the earth. It includes species, genes and ecosystems and all these are interconnected. Biodiversity is abundant near the tropics when compared to the poles as the temperature rates vary and unevenly distributed all over the world. It encompasses multitude array of life forms, their life process and their interdependence, a biotic factors in ecosystems. The wholeness of an ecosystem is indicated by principal indicator, Biodiversity. It is vital for the survival of mankind and fundamentally beneficial. High biological diversity is supported by healthy ecosystems rather than unsubstantial ecosystems. As per the 2006 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), ecosystem services are “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems”. Ecosystem services include goods and services which are ascribed by biodiversity. Ecosystem services can be classified as provisional/supply services, regulatory services, cultural and supportive services. Supporting services include primary production, soil formation, nutrient cycling, which supports for production of provisional services like food, fresh water, wood and fire, fuel. Regulating services like pollination, climate control, pest management and cultural services linked or closure to the nature also plays their role in imparting beneficiaries to the biota. Natural environment destruction leads to immense loss of biodiversity. Deforestation, climatic changes, forest fires, habitat loss, unsustainable use of natural resources are the main threats experiencing by biodiversity. Biodiversity is the basis for building human community. Any disturbances or loss in biodiversity affects the whole humankind. As biodiversity formed as an integral part of the mankind, it is essential to protect and conserve biodiversity for security, poverty reduction, and comfortable life.

Keywords: - Biodiversity, Ecosystem services and conservation

(511) (512) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

January, 3-7, 2020 Bangalore

V LIST OF PAST SECTIONAL PRESIDENTS

(513) (514) Section II : Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

List of Past Sectional Presidents Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

Kuldeep K.Sharma 2019 P N Srivastava 1977 P. Nagaraja Rao 2018 U S Srivastava 1976 B B Kaliwal 2017 Zoology and Entomology P N Pandey 2016 Ravi Prakash 1975 M. K Jyoti 2015 H S Chaudhry 1974 P P Mathur 2014 Ashok Ghosh 1973 A P Sharma 2013 T Ramachandra Rao 1972 Y K Khillare 2012 M Swarup 1971 U C Srivastava 2011 A P Kapur 1970 G K Kulkarni 2010 Geeta Bali 2001 Dalip Kumar 2009 Santosh Kumar 2000 A L Bhatia 2008 M C Dash 1999 U C Goswami 2007 P D Prasada Rao 1998 Nirpama Agrawal 2006 Ishwar Prakash 1997 B D Joshi 2005 B N Pandey 1996 R C Sobti 2004 K C Pandey 1995 R N Chatterjee 2003 Vivekananda Banerjee 1994 Zoology, Entomology & Fisheries P. M Hejimadi 1993 M. Shamim 2002 R Ramamurthi 1992 C C Das 1983 O P Mittal 1991 K C Bose 1982 N C Datta 1990 J P Thapliyal 1981 V C Shah 1989 J Datta 1980 P K Sen Sarma 1988 Viswa Gopal Jhingran 1979 A N Chattoraj 1987 B K Behura 1978 A S Mukherji 1986

(515) 107th Indian Science Congress, Bangalore 2020 : List of Past Sectional Presidents

S Khera 1985 M L Bhatia 1956 S B Singh 1984 Purnendu Sen 1955 Vishwa Nath 1944 D V Bal 1954 B N Chopra 1943 N K Panikkar 1953 Purnendu Sen 1942 B R Seshachar 1952 Zoology J L Bhaduri 1951 A Subba Rau 1941 B C Basu 1950 B K Das 1940 M L Roonwal 1949 C R Narayan Rao 1939 A B Misra 1948 G Matthai 1938 G D Bhalerao 1947 G S Thapar 1937 M A Moghe 1946 H K Mookerjee 1936 H N Ray 1945 Diwan Anand Kumar 1935 S L Hora 1930 P R Awasti 1934 F C Fraser 1929 R Gopala Aiyar 1933 B Sundara Raj 1928 D R Bhattacharya 1932 R B S Sewell 1927 B L Bhatia 1931 H R Mehra 1926 G K Manna 1969 Baini Prasad 1925 M D L Srivastava 1968 K N Bahl 1923 Sivatosh Moorkerjee 1967 N Annandale 1922 G P Sharma 1966 F M Gravely 1921 R V Seshaiya 1965-64 Zoology and Ethnography B S Chauhan 1963 N Annandale 1920 L S Ramaswami 1962 F M Howlett 1919 S P Ray Chaudhuri 1961 B L Chaudhuri 1918 H D Srivastava 1960 K Ramunni Menon 1917 B S Bhimachar 1959 W N F Woodland 1916 P Bhattacharya 1958 N Annandale 1915 M B Lal 1957 J R Henderson 1914

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